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Cryptosporidiosis is a global health problem threats life of immunocompromised patients. Allium sativum (A. sativum) is one of the therapeutic options for cryptosporidiosis. This study develops green synthesized ZnO‐NPs based on A. sativum extract, and assesses its therapeutic application in treating experimental cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed mice. FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, and zeta analyzer were used for characterization of bio ZnO‐NPs. The morphology of prepared materials appeared as sponge with many pores on the whole surface that allows the feasibility of bio ZnO‐NPs for different biological activities. Its structural analysis was highly stabilized with negative charge surface which indicated for well distribution into the parasite matrix. Twenty‐five immunosuppressed Cryptosporidium parvum infected mice, classified into 5 groups were sacrificed at 21th day after infection with evaluation of parasitological, histopathological, oxidative, and proinflammatory biomarkers. Treated mice groups with 50 and 100 mg/kg of AS/ZnO‐NPs showed a highly significant decline (79.9% and 83.23%, respectively) in the total number of expelled oocysts. Both doses revealed actual amelioration of the intestinal, hepatic, and pulmonary histopathological lesions. They also significantly produced an increase in GSH values and improved the changes in NO and MDA levels, and showed high anti‐inflammatory properties. This study is the first to report green synthesis of ZnO/A. sativum nano‐composite as an effective therapy in treating cryptosporidiosis which gave better results than using A. sativum alone. It provides an economical and environment‐friendly approach towards novel delivery synthesis for antiparasitic applications. Research Highlights: Green synthesis of ZnO‐NPs was developed using A. sativum extract.The morphology of prepared ZnO‐NPs appeared as sponge with many pores on SEMThe study evaluates its therapeutic efficacy against murine cryptosporidiosisThe green synthesized ZnO‐NPs significantly reduced percent of oocyst shedding, improved the pathological changes, and showed high antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerium oxide nanoparticles were obtained using aqueous extracts of Chelidonium majus and Viscum album. X-ray diffractometry analysis confirmed the crystalline structure of the synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles calcined at 600 °C. Scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis reflectance and Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and fluorescence studies were utilized to interpret the morphological and optical properties of these nanoparticles. The STEM images revealed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles and that they were predominantly uniform in size. The optical band gap of our cerium nanoparticles was determined to be 3.3 and 3.0 eV from reflectance measurements using the Tauc plots. The nanoparticle sizes evaluated from the Raman band at 464 cm−1 due to the  F 2 g  mode of the cubic fluorite structure of cerium oxide are close to those determined from the XRD and STEM data. The fluorescence results showed emission bands at 425, 446, 467, and 480 nm. The electronic absorption spectra have exhibited an absorption band around 325 nm. The antioxidant potential of the cerium oxide nanoparticles was estimated by DPPH scavenging assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerium oxide nanoparticles were obtained using aqueous extracts of Chelidonium majus and Viscum album. X-ray diffractometry analysis confirmed the crystalline structure of the synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles calcined at 600 °C. Scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis reflectance and Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and fluorescence studies were utilized to interpret the morphological and optical properties of these nanoparticles. The STEM images revealed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles and that they were predominantly uniform in size. The optical band gap of our cerium nanoparticles was determined to be 3.3 and 3.0 eV from reflectance measurements using the Tauc plots. The nanoparticle sizes evaluated from the Raman band at 464 cm−1 due to the F2g mode of the cubic fluorite structure of cerium oxide are close to those determined from the XRD and STEM data. The fluorescence results showed emission bands at 425, 446, 467, and 480 nm. The electronic absorption spectra have exhibited an absorption band around 325 nm. The antioxidant potential of the cerium oxide nanoparticles was estimated by DPPH scavenging assay.

The astounding characteristics of the nanomaterials can be crafted to prepare tailor-made interfaces, especially for the development of biomedical applications. In the present study, we illustrate the preparation of a new class of doughnut-shaped manganese nanograins embellished on the graphene sheets to develop hybrid interfaces using a gentle and nontoxic approach. We investigate its potential to detect clinically important biomarkers and glutathione is chosen as a case study. The unprecedented structural morphology and chemical characteristics are described. Two-dimensional sheets of graphene are uniformly occupied by manganese nanograins. Each individual grain is doughnut-shaped with the external diameter of about 5−10 nm, the thickness of 2 nm with a small central cavity of about 1 nm. We show the unique morphology of hybrid offers conducting features of graphene, metallic nature of nanograins, and amelioration of greater surface area to promote enhanced binding capability. Resultantly, the hybrid yields remarkable sensitivity of 7 nM. A binding mechanism has been proposed along with extensive kinetics assessment. The developed hybrid can selectively bind glutathione in comparison of protein and non-protein molecules. The results validate that this approach can be used to design green hybrid materials for accurate diagnosis of biomarkers and metabolites.

In this present study, photocatalytic and in-vitro biological properties of biogenic preparation of husked rice-shaped iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) are investigated. Fe2O3 NPs have been prepared by the reduction of iron chloride (FeCl3) using coconut pulp (Cocos nucifera L.) extract. The Fe2O3 NPs were characterized by various analytical techniques such as FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, VSM, PL, and UV-DRS. Based on the characterization results, the as-prepared Fe2O3 NPs are in husked rice shape and exhibit rhombohedral crystal phase and also show an excellent stability. The prepared Fe2O3 NPs was investigated as a catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B solution. The photocatalytic results indicated that the Fe2O3 NPs catalyst possesses good activity with efficiency of 92% after 50 min under visible-light irradiation. In addition, the Fe2O3 NPs showed good antibacterial and anticancer properties against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus and HepG2 cell lines, resulting in effective antibacterial and anticancer activity. The prepared Fe2O3 NPs, thus, proved to be a potential material for environmental remediation and biological applications.

In the present study, economically viable NiO nanoparticles were produced by biogenic preparation using stevia leaf broth and their in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. The properties of the prepared NiO nanoparticles were confirmed by analytical techniques such as Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), FE-SEM, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. Morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the size of synthesized nanoparticles ranged from 20 to 50 nm, most of which were spherical and few of which were agglomerated. The role of the biological moieties, which reduce and cap the nanoparticles, was studied using FTIR analysis. The prepared nanoparticles strongly inhibited gram-negative bacteria, which is a camper with gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, it performs an effective in-vitro activity through α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reduction. Thus, it can be concluded that the effective and easy green synthesis process used for NiO nanoparticles provides potential antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant microbes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An environmentally friendly strategy was used in this study to synthesize gold nanoparticles decorated on sepiolite clay (GNPs-SC) using Heracleum persicum grass extract. The physicochemical characters of the prepared composite were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A GNPs-SC modified carbon pate electrode (CPE) was used to study the electrochemical oxidation of nitrite. The proposed nitrite sensor exhibits excellent performance, including a broad linear range (1.0–150 μM), a low limit of detection (0.4 μM), and acceptable reproducibility (RSD = 2.6%). As well, the prepared GNPs-SC was tested for its effectiveness against human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell line. The MTT assay protocol revealed that the bio-synthesized product displayed significant cytotoxic activity against gastric cancer in human subjects. The findings of this study indicate that GNPs-SC, synthesized using environmentally friendly protocol, exhibit great potential for use in electrochemical sensing and treatment of human cancer. [Display omitted] • Gold nanoparticles decorated on sepiolite clay were prepared using non-toxic green strategy. • A remarkable anticancer property was observed against the human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell line. • The fabrication of an effective electrochemical sensor for nitrite detection was achieved using the GNPs-SC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, economically viable NiO nanoparticles were produced by biogenic preparation using stevia leaf broth and their in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. The properties of the prepared NiO nanoparticles were confirmed by analytical techniques such as Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), FE-SEM, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. Morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the size of synthesized nanoparticles ranged from 20 to 50 nm, most of which were spherical and few of which were agglomerated. The role of the biological moieties, which reduce and cap the nanoparticles, was studied using FTIR analysis. The prepared nanoparticles strongly inhibited gram-negative bacteria, which is a camper with gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, it performs an effective in-vitro activity through α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reduction. Thus, it can be concluded that the effective and easy green synthesis process used for NiO nanoparticles provides potential antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant microbes.

In this present study, photocatalytic and in-vitro biological properties of biogenic preparation of husked rice-shaped iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 2 O 3 NPs) are investigated. Fe 2 O 3 NPs have been prepared by the reduction of iron chloride (FeCl 3) using coconut pulp (Cocos nucifera L.) extract. The Fe 2 O 3 NPs were characterized by various analytical techniques such as FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, VSM, PL, and UV-DRS. Based on the characterization results, the as-prepared Fe 2 O 3 NPs are in husked rice shape and exhibit rhombohedral crystal phase and also show an excellent stability. The prepared Fe 2 O 3 NPs was investigated as a catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B solution. The photocatalytic results indicated that the Fe 2 O 3 NPs catalyst possesses good activity with efficiency of 92% after 50 min under visible-light irradiation. In addition, the Fe 2 O 3 NPs showed good antibacterial and anticancer properties against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus and HepG2 cell lines , resulting in effective antibacterial and anticancer activity. The prepared Fe 2 O 3 NPs, thus, proved to be a potential material for environmental remediation and biological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]