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The article presents the results of the analysis of the state of bioenergy in Ukraine in recent years, and notes a significant gap between its development indicators and those of other countries in the world. Measures for accelerated rates of biofuel production for the period up to 2025 and its projected indicators are substantiated. In particular, total biofuel production in Ukraine should increase from 2.83 million to 6.2 million tons, including: solid types up to - 3.5 million tons BOE, liquid-up to 0.7 million tons BOE, biogas-up to 2.0 million tons BOE. The list of main types of raw materials for biofuel production is given. The economic, technological, and economic characteristics of the main bioenergy crops, plantations of which are recommended to be laid in the coming years, are given. These performance indicators are obtained in production experiments, especially the ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen, as well as reduce emissions of harmful substances during combustion. It is established that such a crop as Paulownia is the fastest growing plant (5-6 m per year). Another advantage of Paulownia is the high degree of environmental friendliness. One hectare consumes 1200 tons of CO2, significantly improving degraded, marginal land. The recommendations for the creation of industrial plantations of bioenergy crops and the material and technical base for processing are substantiated. Total costs for bioenergy by 2025 in the amount of $ 1,379 million have been determined. Proposal for co-operation of producers and processors of bio-raw materials at the local level is suggested. Keywords: Bioenergy; Ecology; Biomass; Biofuels; Bioenergy plants; Energy plantations; Fast growing crops; Marginal lands References Bondar V.S., Fursa A.V. & Нumentyk M.Ya. (2018). Bioenergy development strategy and priorities in Ukraine. Ekonomika APK. No 3. 17-25 (in Ukrainian) Bondar V.S., & Fursa A.V. (2015). Ekonomichne obgruntuvannia tekhnolohii vyroshchuvannia i pererobky roslynnoi biosyrovyny na tverdi vydy palyva. Ekonomika APK. No 3. 22-27 (in Ukrainian) Broido A. (1969). A simple, sensitive graphical method of treating thermogravimetric analysis data. J. Polymer of Science. Vοl. 7. No. 3. P. 1761–1763. https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1969.160071012 (In USA Diachuk O., Chepeliev M., Pomolets R., Trypolska H., Venher V., Saprykina T., & Yukhymets R. (2017). Perekhid Ukrainy na vidnovliuvalnu enerhetyku do 2050 roku: zvit za rezultatamy modeliuvannia bazovoho ta alternatyvnykh stsenariiv rozvytku bioenerhetychnoho sektoru / za zah. red. Yu. Oharenko ta O. Aliievoi. Kyiv: TOV «ART KNYHA» (in Ukrainian) Prokopchuk N. R. (1983). Determination of activation energy of polymer degradation according to thermogravimetry. Plastics. No 10.С. 24–25 (in Russian) Heletukha H.H., Zheliezna T.A., Kramar V.H., & Kucheruk P.P. (2018). Perspektyvy rozvytku bioenerhetyky yak instrumentu zamishchennia pryrodnoho hazu v Ukraini. Bioenerhetychna asotsiatsiia Ukrainy, 2015. URL: http://uabio.org/img/files/docs/position-paper-uabio-12-ua.pdf (data zvernennia: 02 lypnia 2018). (in Ukrainian) Heletukha H., Oliinyk Ye., Antonechko V., Chaplyhin S., Hubenko V., & Radchenko S. (2016). Provedennia kompleksnoho doslidzhennia rynku kotliv, shcho pratsiuiut na biomasi v Ukraini. Kyiv: Prohrama rozvytku Orhanizatsii Ob’iednanykh Natsii. (in Ukrainian) Heletukha H.H., Zheliezna T.A., Kucheruk P.P.,& Oliinyk Ye.M. Suchasnyi. (2018). Stan ta perspektyvy rozvytku bioenerhetyky v Ukraini. http://www.uabio.org/img/files/docs/position-paper-uabio-9-ua.pdf (data zvernennia: 19 chervnia 2018). (in Ukrainian) Ihnatenko, O.P. (2016). Vykorystannia biomasy u munitsypalnomu sektori: praktychnyi posibnyk. Proekt PROON/HEF «Rozvytok ta komertsializatsiia bioenerhetychnykh tekhnolohii u munitsypalnomu sektori Ukrainy». Kyiv (in Ukrainian) Kaletnik, H.M. (2013). Rozvytok rynku biopalyv v Ukraini. Bioenerhetyka. No 1. 11-16 (in Ukrainian) Pashover, A. (2018). Gorjuchee predlozhenie. Novoe vremja stran No 7. (22 fev.) 34-37 (in Ukrainian) Enerhetychnyi balans Ukrainy, (2018). URL http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/ (data zvernennia: 14 chervnia 2018) (in Ukrainian) Vidnovliuvana enerhetyka v Ukraini: sohodennia ta perspektyvy. Ukrainska asotsiatsiia vidnovliuvanoi enerhetyky. URL: https://vse.energy/docs/OEW-orgel.pdf (data zvernennia: 02 lypnia 2018) (in Ukrainian) Giampietro M., & Ulgiati S. (2005). Integrated Assessment of Large-Scale Biofuel Production. Critical Reviewsin Plant Sciences. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/07352680500316300 (data zvernennia: 14 chervnia 2018) (in Brazil) WBA Global Bioenergy Statistics, (2017). URL: https://worldbioenergy.org/uploads/ WBA%20GBS%202017_hq.pdf (data zvernennia: 02 lypnia 2018). (in Belgium)

The expansion of renewable energy technologies, accompanied by an increasingly decentralized supply structure, raises many research questions regarding the structure, dimension, and impacts of the electricity supply network. In this context, information on renewable energy plants, particularly their spatial distribution and key parameters—e.g., installed capacity, total size, and required space—are more and more important for public decision makers and different scientific domains, such as energy system analysis and impact assessment. The dataset described in this paper covers the spatial distribution, installed capacity, and commissioning year of wind turbines, photovoltaic field systems, and bio- and river hydro power plants in Germany. Collected from different online sources and authorities, the data have been thoroughly cross-checked, cleaned, and merged to generate validated and complete datasets. The paper concludes with notes on the practical use of the dataset in an environmental impact monitoring framework and other potential research or policy settings.

The utilization of biomass for power generation has become more prevalent globally. To survey the status of evidence concerning resulting health impacts and to depict potential research needs, a scoping-review was conducted. Biomass life cycle phases of interest were the conversion and combustion phases. Studies from occupational and residential settings were considered. The scoping review was conducted systematically, comprising an extensive literature search, a guided screening process, in-duplicate data extraction, and critical appraisal. Two reviewers executed most review steps. Nine articles of relevance were identified. In occupational settings of biomass plants, exposure to endotoxins and fungi might be associated with respiratory disorders. An accidental leakage of hydrogen sulfide in biogas plants may lead to fatalities or severe health impacts. Living near biomass power plants (and the accompanied odorous air pollution) may result in an increased risk for several symptoms and odor annoyance, mediated by perception about air pollution or an evaluation of a resulting health risk. The methodological quality of included studies varied a lot. Overall, the body of evidence on the topic is sparse and future high-quality research is strongly recommended.

Indonesia's energy demand is increasing every year. Bioenergy plants are expected to be one of the solutions to fill energy demand in Indonesia. Sorghum is a bioenergy plant that can be used in Indonesia for producing bioethanol. Sorghum bioethanol is produced from sorghum biomass waste processing results with fermentation process. Ethanol is derived from fermented sorghum which is about 40-55%. Sorghum bioethanol can be used as an alternative fuel that is renewable and can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels.

This study was undertaken to investigate how different cultivars of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) responded to boron (B) excess. Two purple-leafed and eight green-leafed cultivars were hydroponically grown for 20 d with 0.2 or 20 mg L–1 B in the nutrient solution. Leaf B concentration, gas exchanges, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and oxidative stress were determined at the end of the treatment along with the severity of leaf necrosis. A range of tolerance to B toxicity was found: the green cultivars were more susceptible than the purple-leafed ones characterized by a higher constitutive anthocyanin concentration. In all the genotypes B excess resulted in oxidative stress as determined by accumulation of malondialdehyde by-products (MDA), reduced photosynthesis, and the occurrence of leaf burn. A close correlation was found between leaf B accumulation and oxidative stress, as well as between oxidative stress and the severity of leaf burn. Net photosynthesis (Pn) was reduced due to both stomatal and nonstomatal limitations in the green cultivars whereas the reduction of Pn in the purple leaves was only attributable to stomatal factors. Chlorophyll a fluorescence revealed a decrease in the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and in the electron transport rate (ETR) in plants grown with B excess although less reduction was observed in the purple genotypes. The quantum yield of PSII (UPSII) decreased as a result of B toxicity only in the green cultivars. It is concluded that anthocyanins are involved in attenuation of the negative effects of B toxicity.

Plants of Miscanthus sinensis (cv. Giganteus) were grown in hydroponics for three months in nutrient solution with 0, 2.2, 4.4 and 6.6 μM CdNO3. Growth parameters, catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were analysed in leaves and roots collected after 1-and 3-month exposure. Dry biomass of all miscanthus organs was affected by Cd concentration both after 1-and 3-month exposure. No visible symptoms of Cd toxicity were observed in shoots and rhizomes of plants grown in presence of Cd. In contrast, roots became shorter and thicker and the whole root system more dense and compact already after one month of treatment with 6.6 μM Cd. The lower Cd concentration increased the enzymes activities after 3 months in leaves and only after 1-month in roots, while a decrease in activity was observed at higher Cd concentrations.

Za potpuno vrednovanje biomase kao obnovljivog izvora energije u obzir je potrebno uzeti čitav niz različitih socijalno-gospodarskih posljedica. Korištenje biomase omogućava zapošljavanje (otvaranje novih i zadržavanje postojećih radnih mjesta), povećanje lokalne i regionalne gospodarske aktivnosti te ostvarivanje dodatnog prihoda. U sklopu doktorske disertacije razvila se metodologija koja sadržava načela i proceduru pristupa promatranom području (vrsta i način sakupljanja podataka), način obrade sakupljenih podataka te tablični model. Pri razradi metodologije procjene energetskih, gospodarskih i socijalnih učinaka uporabe energije biomase detaljno su razmotreni procesi, proizvodi i aktivnosti koje čine promatrani bioenergetski sektor. Model koji je u radu opisan predstavlja ključni dio znanstvenog doprinosa disertacije, a čine ga međusobno povezani listovi-tablice. Korisnik modela ulazne podatke unosi samo jednom i to na početnom listu-tablici (list Unos), a zatim prati proračun, te izlazne rezultate prikazane brojčano i grafički. Dijelovi modela s kojima korisnik izravno dolazi u doticaj su listovi Unos, Biomasa, Bioenergane, Zarade i radna mjesta te Rezultati. Primjena modela na Karlovačku županiju pokazuje izrazito visoku razinu slaganja rezultata s iskustvenim vrijednostima i vrijednostima iz literature. Rezultati primjene (modelirana su ukupno četiri postrojenja za stvarne uvjete u Karlovačkoj županiji) upućuju na znatne socijalno-gospodarske učinke uporabe energije biomase. Posebno su analizirana izravna, neizravna i inducirana radna mjesta koja je moguće otvoriti, zarada i prihod ostvaren uporabom energije biomase te niz drugih čimbenika. For complete evaluation of biomass as a renewable energy source, different socio-economic impacts should be also taken into account. Using biomass enables employment, increase of local and regional economic activities and additional income. In the framework of this Ph. D. thesis, developed was a methodology that contains principles and procedure for analysis of investigated area (types and ways of data collection), ways of collected data processing as well as a spreadsheet model. During the elaboration of methodology for evaluating the energy, economic and social impacts of using biomass, all parts of the bioenergy sector (processes, products and activities) were analysed in details. Described models represents the most significant part of this Ph. D. thesis and it is made of various spreadsheets. Model user inserts the input data on an introductory sheet (Unos) and then follows the calculation and results shown as tables and diagrams. Model user directly deals with following parts of the model: Unos, Biomasa, Bioenergane, Zarade i radna mjesta and Rezultati. Application of the model on the Karlovac county results with extremely high level of accordance with experience and literature values. Application results (modelled were four bioenergy plants in real conditions of the Karlovac county) show significant socio-economic impact of using biomass for energy production. Direct, indirect and induced jobs, earnings and profit resulted from using biomass as well as other factors were analysed.