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This article examines how salespeople's personality traits influence their adaptive selling skills and exploited cross-selling potential. We collect both a cross-industry and cross-country dataset of 430 salespeople who engage in cross-selling activities. In contrast with prior research on the relationship between personality traits and general sales performance, we find none of the big-five personality traits to have a significant direct effect on the exploited cross-selling potential. However, drawing on the theory of self-monitoring, we find that the big-five traits have dimensionally varying, significant effects on adaptive selling skills. In turn, adaptive selling skills have a significant direct effect on exploited cross-selling potential. Moreover, our analyses reveal that the personality traits conscientiousness and extraversion have indirect positive effects on exploited cross-selling potential. These findings provide beneficial insights for human resources as well as human development practice in both recruiting and training initiatives. In particular, we provide guidance on how to hire and train the best personnel for intensive cross-selling sales positions in firms. In addition, we introduce new perspectives for research on the relationship between personality traits and performance measures by identifying the importance of possible mediators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: One large focus of personality psychology is to understand the biopsychosocial factors responsible for adult personality development and well-being change. However, little is known about how macro-level contextual factors, such as rurality-urbanicity, are related to personality development and well-being change. METHOD: The present study uses data from two large longitudinal studies of U.S. Americans (MIDUS, HRS) to examine whether there are rural-urban differences in levels and changes in the Big Five personality traits and well-being (i.e., psychological well-being, and life satisfaction) in adulthood. RESULTS: Multilevel models showed that Americans who lived in more rural areas tended to have lower levels of openness, conscientiousness, and psychological well-being, and higher levels of neuroticism. With the exception of psychological well-being (which replicated across MIDUS and HRS), rural-urban differences in personality traits were only evident in the HRS sample. The effect of neuroticism was fully robust to the inclusion of socio-demographic and social network covariates, but other effects were partially robust (i.e., conscientiousness and openness) or were not robust at all (i.e., psychological well-being). In both samples, there were no rural-urban differences in Big Five or well-being change. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the implications of these findings for personality and rural health research.

OBJECTIVE: One critical component of individual and public health is healthcare utilization, or the extent to which individuals have routine check-ups, schedule treatments, or use emergency services. However, we know little about who uses healthcare services and what types, the conditions that exacerbate utilization, or the factors that explain why people seek out services. The present study fills these gaps in the literature by investigating the role of personality factors in predicting various forms of healthcare utilization, how these associations vary by age, socioeconomic resources, and chronic conditions, as well as one potential psychological mediating mechanism (i.e., sense of control). METHODS: We use data from a large longitudinal sample of Americans (N = 7108), with three assessments spanning 20 years. Participants reported on their Big Five personality traits using the Midlife Development Inventory, healthcare utilization across three domains (routine visits, scheduled treatment, urgent care), age, income, insurance, chronic conditions, and sense of control. RESULTS: Multilevel models showed that people who were more agreeable and neurotic tended to use more healthcare services. Moreover, on occasions when people were more extraverted and open, they tended to use more healthcare services. There were several nuances in personality-healthcare utilization associations depending on the type of healthcare service, age, and socioeconomic resources. Longitudinal mediation analyses demonstrated sense of control as one mechanism linking personality traits to healthcare utilization in the U.S. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of interactions between individuals and structural systems for promoting the health of aging U.S. Americans.

The sharing of social media data has provided a significant amount of information about users. This has led to a growing interest in predicting user personality from social network data. Predicting user personality has potential applications in advertising and content recommendation systems, and can be a valuable source of insights for professionals seeking to understand and target their audiences on social media. This study focuses on the Instagram application and aims to extract and analyze the personality of Instagram users based on the content of their photos. Three categories of features are extracted from images: visual, emotional, and content. To describe users' personalities, we used the Big Five model. One of the main contributions of this study is the creation of a comprehensive database that includes 316 Moroccan Instagram users. This database is the first of its kind to belong to Moroccan users. Additionally, The study also analyzed the influence of personality traits and gender on photo content by independently assessing the personalities of female and male Instagram users. Moreover, the personalities of each gender were extracted separately, and the influence of the number of images on prediction accuracy was studied. The study evaluates prediction accuracy using the root mean square error (RMSE) on a [1,5] score scale. Commendable results were achieved across all personality traits, with standout performance in predicting conscientiousness for females (RMSE = 0.59) and openness for males (RMSE = 0.59) compared to previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diversity plays a major role when a student is looking for a tutor to better understand some concepts or an entire course. In fact, algorithms for recommending potential tutors have to take into account several aspects of diversity that may be critical to successful tutoring. The tutor must have the appropriate competencies in the subject matter. In addition, he/she must be able to convey the knowledge and skills associated with the tutoring topic. Moreover, the personality traits of the tutee and the tutor can facilitate or hinder the learning process during tutoring. This study presents the experience of ‘SOS TUTORÍA UC’, a responsive web application aimed at facilitating academic assistance among students. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of incorporating dimensions of diversity that can inform the artificial intelligence algorithms of the potential tutor recommendation system. Indeed, competence in the topic tutored is the first diversity criterion for recommending more knowledgeable potential tutors. In addition, the tutee has to choose whether to look for tutors with personalities that are “different”, “similar” or “indifferent” to his or her own preferences for academic assistance on the specific topic. To achieve this, ‘SOS TUTORÍA UC’ is integrated with the WeNet platform, which provides user management services and user recommendation algorithms. The results of the testing of the recommendation system were positive with regard to the criterion of competence, while the criterion of personality should be addressed for improvement. In order to improve the tutor-tutee matching process, participants emphasized the importance of considering the criterion of personality traits in addition to competence. They also requested additional information and parameters to facilitate tutor selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the personality patterns of solo founders in both high-tech and non-high-tech sectors during the first seven years of their entrepreneurial journey to emphasize the patterns' implications during policymaking, investment decisions, and self-assessments. IAB/ZEW startup panel microdata for the sector classification of 4470 solo entrepreneurs in Germany were analyzed to identify Big Five trait patterns influenced by risk propensities, innovation inclination, and gender. The entrepreneurial profiles indicate positive openness, emotional resilience, and sector-specific clusters. Conscientiousness suggests flexibility, and while variations in extraversion and agreeableness exist, negative neuroticism was predominantly found, except for gender-related differences and multidimensional service innovators. Big Five traits provide information about important foundational profile patterns to describe unique solo entrepreneur types influenced by risk, innovation, and gender. Originality and value: Risk propensity characterizes 'Adaptive Services,' 'Dynamic Knowledge Innovators,' and 'Strategic Risk Navigators.' Additionally, 'Multidimensional Service Innovators' and 'Focused Tech Innovators' signify innovation understanding. The Big Five profiles show openness and emotional stability across sectors, providing crucial insights for effective entrepreneurial support and investment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much research has discussed the "police personality." Yet, it is still unclear what particular traits make up the police personality—or whether it exists at all. This can be partially attributed to the limited availability of data collected within individual police departments. Using a nationally representative sample of adults (Add Health), the current study examines whether the Big Five personality traits, temperamental characteristics, and empirically informed covariates are related to being a police officer. Results indicate that, compared to the general population, individuals in law enforcement score significantly lower on openness to experience. Police officers are also more likely than non-officers to have experienced divorce, served in the military, lean politically conservative, and be male. These findings provide partial support for the notion that there are distinct factors that define the police personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the interplay between corruption, personality traits and political trust. It argues that individuals' personality traits may condition the effect of corruption experience on trust and that these traits also affect how individuals are exposed to corrupt experiences. Using data from the AmericasBarometer 2010, the study finds that openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness and emotional stability amplify the negative effect of corruption on trust in the police. However, only extraversion amplifies the negative effect of corrupt experiences on trust in government. The study also finds that openness, extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability are linked to exposure to corruption. The study contributes to the literature by showing that personality affects exposure to corruption and constrains the effect of corruption on political trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although several studies have examined the relationships between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the Big Five personality traits (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), the results have been inconsistent. Therefore, this meta-analysis comprehensively examined the relationships between OCD and these traits. In total, 23 studies (29 independent datasets) with 30,138 participants were analyzed. The pooled effect size was 0.34 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28, 0.40) for neuroticism, −0.14 (95% CI: −0.18, −0.10) for extraversion, −0.04 (95% CI: −0.09, 0.02) for openness, −0.10 (95% CI: −0.16, −0.04) for agreeableness, and −0.03 (95% CI: −0.11, 0.05) for conscientiousness, indicating that OCD was associated with higher scores for neuroticism and lower scores for extraversion and agreeableness. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses indicated that heterogeneity was mainly due to differences in sample types and OCD measurement instruments. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results of the meta-analysis were robust. Overall, neuroticism was a maladaptive trait, whereas extraversion and agreeableness were adaptive traits for OCD. Although the results could be sample- and instrument-specific, our findings may inform preventions and interventions for OCD symptoms. • Meta-Analyzed the relationship between OCD and the Big Five personality traits. • Neuroticism was positively associated with OCD. • Extraversion and Agreeableness were negatively associated with OCD. • Sample types and different instruments specifically warrant consideration. • A lower score on Extraversion was a significant trait for OCD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Previous empirical research in the social sciences suggests sizable differences across religious denominations for various outcomes of interest, such as educational attainment, marital stability, wealth, or fertility. A small body of previous experimental literature has investigated possible differences in economic preference parameters (including time preference and risk attitude) between religious denominations that might explain those differences. Methods: This research adds to the extant literature on religion and preferences by including information on subjects' Big Five personality traits and analyzing potential correlations with loss aversion. It combines experimental data from incentivized choices with information on religious affiliation during high school and Big Five personality traits to test for possible correlations of religious denomination with risk attitude, time preference, and loss aversion, using Bayesian analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bayesian regression analysis. Results: Bayesian ANOVA results suggest no preference differences between the religions analyzed in this research. When controlling for Big Five personality traits and a host of other background variables, Bayesian regression results suggest no effects of either religious affiliation or Big Five personality traits measures on the three economic preference parameters analyzed here. Discussion: These findings highlight the complexity of the relationship between religion, personality traits, and economic preference parameters, suggesting that previously observed differences may be influenced by the preference measures used or other unobserved factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes whether the personality traits of Members of Parliament (MPs) affect their attitudes toward the representation of gender equality issues. Based on the Big Five personality traits, we argue that Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness shape MPs' positions toward gender equality policies through two different pathways. The first pathway proposes a direct connection. While Openness is expected to positively affect MPs' support for gender equality, Conscientiousness is assumed to have a negative impact. The second pathway runs indirectly, linking Openness and Conscientiousness to preferences toward gender equality through the effect of these personality traits on MPs' general ideological positions. Using data from a survey of elite politicians in Germany and Switzerland, the results of a causal mediation analysis show a positive direct effect of Openness that holds independent of a mediating influence of political ideology. The analysis deepens our understanding of gender equality legislation and the MPs engaging in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This longitudinal study examined the reciprocal relationship between the Big Five personality traits and sense of purpose over a 13‐year period using a nationally representative sample of American adults (N = 11,010). The random intercept cross‐lagged panel model revealed unidirectional effects: increases in sense of purpose predicted subsequent increases in openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion, as well as decreases in neuroticism. Conversely, changes in personality traits did not predict future changes in sense of purpose. One potential mechanism underlying this effect might involve the link between sense of purpose and optimal self‐regulatory processes and outcomes, such as successful planning, goal‐directed behaviour, and self‐control, which promote gradual positive changes in personality traits. Another plausible mechanism may be the association between purpose and improved subjective well‐being and reduced psychological distress, which have been found to predict positive changes in personality traits. These findings challenge previous research that has interpreted cross‐sectional associations as evidence that personality traits are predictive of purpose, rather than the other way around. The findings that intentionally cultivating a strong sense of purpose may facilitate positive personality change in adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescence is a formative life phase for the development of personality characteristics. Although past findings suggest Big Five traits alongside self-esteem as indicators for successful development, little is known about their longitudinal interplay. We addressed this research gap by integrating data from three longitudinal studies (NT1 = 1,088; Mage = 16.02 years, 72% female). We apply continuous time modeling to investigate longitudinal associations between Big Five traits and self-esteem in a period of up to 1 year. Results illustrate four main findings: First, rank-order stabilities were overall high for all personality characteristics. Second, longitudinal associations between Big Five traits and self-esteem were reciprocal for extraversion, neuroticism, and openness but one-sided for agreeableness and conscientiousness on self-esteem. Effects peaked within the first month and mostly faded after 2 months. Third, the majority of cross-effects were similar in size; however, the effect from neuroticism on later values of self-esteem was stronger than vice versa. Fourth, most effects were robust against influences of gender, age, and study characteristics. Analyses with acquaintance-reports supported the results but suggested stronger effects that lasted longer than effects of self-reports. We conclude that the development of personality characteristics acts as possible sources of development for each other. All in all, the interplay between Big Five and self-esteem development appears reciprocal for some traits but was most often driven by Big Five traits. We integrate our findings into three contrasting theoretical perspectives and discuss the importance of time for a better understanding of personality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goals of this cross-sectional study were to determine associations between Big Five personality traits and the fear of COVID-19 infection among male prisoners and to assess whether anxiety and depression helped explain any of these associations. The sample comprised 168 Caucasian male prisoners aged 20 to 69. We measured personality traits using the Polish version of the Ten Item Personality Inventory and fear of COVID-19 infection using an 11-point rating scale. We evaluated participants’ mental health status using the General Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scales. Fear of COVID-19 infection was negatively correlated with extraversion, openness, and agreeableness, and positively correlated with anxiety and depression. No correlations were observed between COVID-19 infection fear and emotional stability or conscientiousness. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that only low openness to experience significantly predicted COVID-19 infection fear. Anxiety and depression mediated the association between openness and COVID-19 infection fear. The importance of openness, anxiety, and depression may be considered in psychotherapy focused on reducing fear of COVID-19 infection among prisoners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many, direct democracy is said to increase political interest. To date, however, empirical findings regarding this relationship remain inconclusive. In this article, we claim that this inconclusiveness can be partly ascribed to the diverse effects that direct democracy has on individuals. In other words, direct democracy influences political interest, but how and to what degree depends on an individual's personality traits. Running hierarchical regression models with survey data from random samples of eligible American and Swiss voters, we arrive at the following three conclusions: First, in both countries, the use of direct democracy is not directly connected to political interest. Second, the Big Five personality traits affect the interest in politics. Third, neuroticism, in particular, alters the relationship between direct democracy and political interest, suggesting that a certain personality type is likely to be more sensitive to popular votes, and a vibrant democratic environment can help to inspire interest in politics for people who, because of their personality, tend to be detached from it. Quite intriguingly, these relationships hold irrespective of the country and research period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to explore the reciprocal associations between personality traits (conscientiousness and openness to experience) and academic achievement in adolescents, using the Personality Achievement Saturation Hypothesis (PASH). Background: Personality traits, especially conscientiousness, and openness, have been identified as strong predictors of academic achievement. The PASH provides a framework for understanding these relationships but has mainly been studied from a unidirectional perspective. This study extends the PASH to examine reciprocal associations and how they vary with different achievement indicators. Methods: Using large‐scale panel data (N = 6482) of secondary school students in Germany, we applied cross‐lagged panel models and latent change score models to examine the differential reciprocal associations between personality traits (conscientiousness/openness) and academic achievement (school grades/achievement test scores) in language and math over two years from grades 7 to 9. Results: In line with the PASH, initial levels of conscientiousness were more strongly associated with school grades than with achievement test scores over two years. Simultaneously, prior school grades were more strongly associated with conscientiousness over two years. However, initial levels of openness did not show differential associations with either school grades or achievement test scores over two years. Similarly, prior school grades and achievement test scores were also not differentially associated with openness over two years. Conclusions: Our findings introduce an innovative lens through which we observe how the PASH can be leveraged to explain the differential reciprocal associations between conscientiousness and academic achievement. Further research is needed to examine if PASH could be similarly extended to disentangle the associations between openness and academic achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Theory and anecdotal evidence suggest that people undergo psychological changes before and after religious conversion and deconversion. Yet, existing research provided inconclusive evidence. Here, we examined psychological change before, during, and after institutional conversion and deconversion in a large‐scale longitudinal study. Method: We used 11‐wave longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of Dutch adults (N ~ 20,000) to assess changes in religious beliefs and practices, personality traits, and well‐being before, during, and after conversion to and deconversion from Christianity. Results: Converts (N = 181) increased in service attendance and prayer, but not in their belief in God, as they approached conversion. Deconverts (N = 450) declined in religious beliefs and practices before, during, and after deconversion. In terms of personality, converts displayed small, unexpected declines in emotional stability, extraversion, and agreeableness at time of conversion. Deconverts declined in agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness at time of deconversion. Neither group showed changes in their well‐being. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that psychological changes during religious conversion and deconversion are generally small and mostly manifest as changes in people's religious beliefs and practices. Findings are discussed in the context of person‐religion fit, meaning‐making, and sociocultural motive perspectives on religious change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Openness to experience predicts better on-road performance in older drivers. • Openness to experience is positively related to different driving situations. • Openness to experience and extraversion are associated with greater driving practice. Particularly in older age, personality has been an underrepresented predictor of driving safety. However, when changes in driving-related abilities are inevitable, on-road performance declines and personality traits may play an important role because the need for self-assessment and self-management is rising. In a prospective on-road study with data from N = 81 older drivers, we therefore examined whether and to what extent the Big Five dimensions predict on-road driving performance. Statistical analyses included a multiple regression of on-road driving performance onto the Big Five dimensions. Moreover, we explored the relation of the Big Five dimensions with specific driving dimensions and different driving-relevant variables. Among all Big Five dimensions, only openness to experience significantly predicted on-road performance in older drivers. Moreover, it showed positive correlations with most driving dimensions and several driving-relevant variables. Both openness to experience and extraversion were associated with greater driving practice. Among different personality factors, our results highlight the relevance of openness to experience for on-road driving behavior in older adults. Although personality alone does not appear to adequately predict on-road performance, the examination of specific personality traits may help to identify at-risk drivers and aid in prevention and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: We hypothesized that an individual's personality traits would have an impact on the distress of subjective tinnitus. To investigate this, 32 participants were recruited; we followed up with this cohort. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of a part of this cohort, identifying how their personality traits make a difference in the severity of tinnitus distress. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two participants completed a personality test based on the Big Five theory, consisting of 160 items. Additionally, the severity of tinnitus was assessed using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and the accompanying level of depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Audiometry tests, including pure-tone audiometry, were also conducted. Participants were categorized into the 'mild group' if their total THI score was 36 or below, and into the 'severe group' if their score was 38 or above. Results: In the traditional five domains of the Big Five Inventory (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism), only the 'Neuroticism' domain showed a difference between the two groups (25.1 ± 21.0 in the mild group and 43.1 ± 18.2 in the severe group, p = 0.014). Among ego-related factors, the 'Helplessness' domain (26.3 ± 22.9 in the mild group and 62.3 ± 27.9 in the severe group, p < 0.001) and the communication-related factor of 'Listening' (58.7 ± 18.8 in the mild group and 37.8 ± 27.9 in the severe group, p = 0.020) showed differences between the two groups. In the multivariate analysis, 'Helplessness' (estimate 0.419, 95% confidence interval 0.249–0.589, p < 0.001), 'Emotional Trauma' (0.213, 0.020–0.406, p = 0.032), and 'Pure-tone threshold at 2000 Hz' (0.944, 0.477–1.411, p < 0.001) were identified as factors influencing the severity of tinnitus distress. Conclusions: Ego-related factors, particularly Helplessness and Emotional Trauma, can influence tinnitus distress and should be considered in the management of tinnitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectivesMethodResultsConclusionPerceived expectations for active aging (PEAA) reflect subjective exposure to social expectations about staying active and fit in old age, for example, by maintaining health and social engagement. We investigated whether motivational and personality factors were related to PEAA in the domains of physical health, mental health, and social engagement.We used a nationally representative sample of German adults (SOEP-IS) covering the entire adult life span (N = 2,007, age range 16–94 years) to test our pre-registered hypotheses.Multiple regression analyses indicated that motivation (i.e. life goals and health-related worries) was consistently associated with PEAA in the matching domains and mediated the effects of openness to experience on PEAA. No other personality trait was associated with PEAA.Our findings suggest that individuals preferentially notice the expectations for active aging whose content relates to their personal concerns and goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This meta-analysis quantified the relationship between the five-factor model of personality and problematic social media use and identified moderators of this relationship. The analysis used a random-effects model to calculate a correlation for each factor and included 113 samples, with a total of 53,913 participants, identified from systematic searches of four databases. Moderator analyses were used to investigate potential causes of heterogeneity. The meta-analysis found that high neuroticism (r =.21, p <.001, 95% CI [.19,.23]), low conscientiousness (r = -.16, p <.001, 95% CI [-.19, -.13]), low agreeableness (r = -.07, p <.001, 95% CI [-.10, -.05]), and low openness (r = -.04, p =.001, 95% CI [-.06, -.02]) were significantly associated with problematic social media use. Several significant moderator effects were found. The meta-analysis contributes to the understanding of the relationship between individual characteristics and problematic social media use and provides information that might be useful in preventing and treating this behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personality has constituted a significant psychological component predicting physical exercise. Prior research mostly focused on how personality domains are associated with exercise behaviour. Yet, focusing more closely on combinations of personality domains may be valuable in the future. The present cross‐sectional study aimed to bridge this gap by investigating the associations between Big Five personality profiles and exercise behaviour based on a person‐centred approach in adults. Data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) were used (N = 28,304), in which participants reported their Big Five personality and exercise behaviour. Latent profile analyses, grounded in young adulthood, middle adulthood, and later adulthood sub‐samples, identified five personality profiles: moderate, reserved, confident, resilient, and vulnerable. Across three age groups, significant differences between the five personality profiles in relation to exercise behaviour were revealed. Individuals with the resilient or confident profiles generally had longer exercise duration while people with the vulnerable profile tended to exercise less. Our findings give greater insight into the relationship between exercise and personality, suggesting that different combinations of personality traits may determine individuals' exercise behaviour. It opens promising avenues for identification of adults at risk of lacking exercise, and for development of personality‐targeted exercise interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the correlation between Big Five personality traits and the performance of female basketball players in Slovakia. It examines how traits such as conscientiousness, extraversion, and negative emotionality relate to various performance indicators, including personal statistics, coaches' evaluations, and self-assessments. It also explores the role of pre-competition emotions as mediators in these relationships.

Few studies have investigated how remote work influences personality trait–performance linkages over time in heterogeneous work populations. Hence, the aim of this study was twofold: (1) to explore the predictive validity personality traits have on work behaviour (work engagement and innovative work behaviour) and occupational health outcomes (general health and sick leave); (2) to explore how remote work potentially moderates the trait–performance linkage. Panel survey data from a Norwegian work–life barometer panel research project was employed, and the time lag was one year. The results indicated that the Big Five was consistently related to work behaviour and occupational health outcomes. Extraversion had the strongest positive association with work engagement (0.25), innovative work behaviour (0.26) and general health (0.17), while neuroticism had the strongest negative association with work engagement (−0.16), general health (−0.21), and sick leave (−0.23). Agreeableness increases the risk of sick leave (0.11), while intellect/imagination increases innovative work behaviour (0.13). Remote work reduces the influence extraversion has on work engagement, while remote work five days a week also reduces the effect conscientiousness has on general health. Remote work did not moderate trait–performance linkages associated with intellect/imagination, agreeableness or neuroticism. This study provides updated knowledge on trait–performance linkages post-COVID-19 and demonstrates that remote work can reduce the positive influence of extraversion and conscientiousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the impact of buyer–seller similarities (dissimilarities) in Big Five personalities—agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and neuroticism—on impulsive buying in a dyadic setting. The study further analyzed how the interaction intensity and sensory stimulation mediate the effect of buyer–seller similarities (dissimilarities) on impulsive buying. The authors gathered 1020 dyad data from various beauty salons located in China to achieve research objectives. Difference score analysis was used to compute buyer–seller similarity (dissimilarity), and a variance‐based structural equation modeling technique was applied to analyze the data. The results indicate that the similarity of dyads in agreeableness and openness increases impulsive buying, while similarity in neurotic dyads decreases impulsive buying. Furthermore, interaction intensity mediates the relationships of dyads' similarities—in extraversion and openness—with impulsive buying, while buyers' sensory stimulation mediates the associations of buyer–seller dyads' similarities—in extraversion, neuroticism, and openness—with impulsive buying. Finally, this study provides several implications for marketers in the services industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This meta‐analysis examines the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and earnings. The results reveal that openness to experience, conscientiousness, and extraversion exhibit positive correlations with earnings, whereas agreeableness and neuroticism are inversely correlated with earnings. Overall, personality has a modest‐to‐small effect on earnings, with variations in results depending on econometric models used. Accounting for publication bias, socioeconomic background, and cognitive ability in models affects effect sizes. The findings also underscore the potential for omitted variable bias in the reported personality effects on earnings when relevant factors are omitted from the earnings equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems with memory, executive function, and language are a significant public health concern, especially when they begin during midlife. However, there is relatively little work on risk and protective factors for cognitive function in middle adulthood. Using data from 883 Mexican-origin adults assessed up to 6 times across 12 years (Mage at Time 1 = 38.2 years; range = 27-63 years), the present study examined whether developmental trajectories (levels and slopes) of Big Five personality domains and socioeconomic factors (per capita income, economic stress) were prospectively associated with cognitive function (memory, mental status, verbal fluency) at the final assessment. We found that individuals with higher levels of, and smaller decreases in, Neuroticism had worse cognitive function 12 years later. Further, individuals with higher initial Conscientiousness had better subsequent memory, mental status, and verbal fluency, and individuals with higher Openness and Extraversion had better subsequent verbal fluency (but not memory or mental status). The trajectories of per capita income and economic stress were robustly associated with cognitive function, such that higher initial levels and greater increases in socioeconomic resources had protective associations, whereas higher levels and greater increases in economic stress had deleterious associations with cognitive function. Higher education level was associated with better cognitive function 12 years later. These findings suggest that changes in personality and socioeconomic factors across adulthood are associated with cognitive function, which may be informative for interventions to support healthier cognitive aging starting at least as early as midlife. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Abstract This study examines the personality patterns of solo founders in both high-tech and non-high-tech sectors during the first seven years of their entrepreneurial journey to emphasize the patterns’ implications during policymaking, investment decisions, and self-assessments. IAB/ZEW startup panel microdata for the sector classification of 4470 solo entrepreneurs in Germany were analyzed to identify Big Five trait patterns influenced by risk propensities, innovation inclination, and gender. The entrepreneurial profiles indicate positive openness, emotional resilience, and sector-specific clusters. Conscientiousness suggests flexibility, and while variations in extraversion and agreeableness exist, negative neuroticism was predominantly found, except for gender-related differences and multidimensional service innovators. Big Five traits provide information about important foundational profile patterns to describe unique solo entrepreneur types influenced by risk, innovation, and gender. Originality and value: Risk propensity characterizes ‘Adaptive Services,’ ‘Dynamic Knowledge Innovators,’ and ‘Strategic Risk Navigators.’ Additionally, ‘Multidimensional Service Innovators’ and ‘Focused Tech Innovators’ signify innovation understanding. The Big Five profiles show openness and emotional stability across sectors, providing crucial insights for effective entrepreneurial support and investment strategies.

João Guerreiro,1 Laura Schulze,1 Albert Garcia i Tormo,1 Amanda J Henwood,1 Luc Schneider,1,2 Elise Krob,1 Sarah Salvilla,3 Kelly MY Chan,3 Sarah Deedat,3 Aleksandar Matic1 1R&D, Koa Health, Barcelona, Spain; 2Department of Management, LSE, London, UK; 3FWD Group, FWD Group, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: João Guerreiro, R&D, Koa Health, Carrer de la Ciutat de Granada 121, Barcelona, 08018, Spain, Email joao.leitaoguerreiro@koahealth.comAbstract: Sleep, an intrinsic aspect of human life, is experienced by individuals differently which may be influenced by personality traits and characteristics. Exploring how these traits influence behaviors and sleep routines could be used to inform more personalized and effective interventions to promote better sleep. Our objective was to summarize the existing literature on the relationship between personality traits and sleep patterns through a systematic review. An abstract and keyword search was conducted in PsycINFO, Cochrane and PubMed, collecting relevant literature, published between January 1980 and June 2024. A total of 1713 records were found, of which 18 studies were analyzed in the descriptive synthesis. Relevant studies covered populations in 11 different countries, Australia, China, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Italy, Japan, Poland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States, comprising a total of 58,812 subjects. All studies reported an association between a sleep pattern with at least one of the Big Five personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, openness to experience). Ten studies found associations between personality and sleep quality, all of which reported a link between neuroticism and sleep quality (effect sizes 0.183-0.40). Five studies found an association between conscientiousness and morningness (effect sizes 0.16-0.35). Other sleep patterns linked to personality traits included sleep duration, nightmare frequency and distress, sleep deficiency, sleep continuity, insomnia severity and sleep problems, sleep hygiene, sleep latency and daytime sleepiness. This novel systematic review confirms that sleep and personality traits are related, suggesting that those traits should be considered when trying to understand or change one’s sleep behavior.Keywords: personality traits, sleep patterns, big five, sleep quality, chronotype

Promotions are central to individual career success. For organisations, it is crucial to identify and develop employees capable of higher-level responsibility. Previous research has shown that personality traits as inter-individual differences predict promotions. However, effects have mostly been examined on a broad factor level. This study investigated longitudinal effects of Big Five personality traits on both factor (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness) and more detailed facet levels on promotions in employees of a multinational wholesale company (N = 1774, n = 343 promoted). We also explored how personality differentially impacts promotional likelihood as a matter of target job level (individual contributor vs. first- or senior-level manager roles). Overall, associations with promotions were detected for neuroticism (negative) and conscientiousness (positive). At the more nuanced facet level, all Big Five factors had at least one personality facet that was significantly related to promotions. Additionally, personality-promotion relationships were generally stronger for lower- rather than higher-level promotions. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that employee personality traits have a meaningful impact on who will be promoted and should hence be considered in organisational personnel selection, personnel development, and performance management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. In modern Russian realities, mentoring is becoming a very popular method of professional development for the young teachers. Essential conditions for its effective implementation are the subject of research by teachers and psychologists, who offer a wide arsenal of pedagogical ideas and psychological classifications. Objective. The study had its purpose to identify the relationship between various substantive aspects of mentoring and teachers’ empathy, as well as to describe the essential characteristics of different modes of mentoring focusing on its active form. Study Participants. 73 English teachers of the Russian general education schools took part in the online survey. Methods. Teacher Mentoring Self-Efficacy Scale (TMSES) (Tickell, Klassen, 2024); Empathy Scale for Teachers (EST) (Wang et al., 2022) adapted in Russian (Chagina, Zabelina, 2022); short Big Five personality inventory (Gosling et al., 2003) adapted in Russian (Sergeeva et al., 2016). Results. Low ratings of respondents on a number of statements of the Teacher Mentoring Self-Efficacy Scale reflect their avoidance of intensive and time-consuming activities (experience comprehension, analyzing practices, organizing meetings), which constitute the content of the active type of mentoring. The respondents were best able to show respect and tact, give support and pay a sincere interest to their mentee, which characterizes the imitative type of mentoring. Exploratory factor analysis made it possible to identify 6 factors that make up the teachers mentoring self-efficacy. Correlation analysis revealed certain relationships between various aspects of the teachers’ effective mentoring and the Big Five personality factors, and also established some connections between teachers’ empathy and their prevailing forms (“modes”) of mentoring. Thus, the cognitive component of the teachers’ empathy turned out to be interconnected primarily with the mode “plan — do — review”, the positive affective empathy of teachers turned out to be associated with the modes “professionalism” and “inter- and intrapersonal intelligence”, while the negative affective empathy — with the modes “inter- and intrapersonal intelligence” and “teacher-practitioner”. Conclusion. The characteristics of active and imitative mentoring of teachers identified and described in the study, as well as their discovered relationships with teachers’ empathy and personality features, develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between mentors and mentees, which makes it possible to develop mentoring programs taking into account its productive forms and characteristics.

Background. The search for personality traits that are outstanding predictors of hardiness is a widespread research task. However, research results are difficult to access due to the variety of personality characteristics studied. Overcoming this situation involves the use of universal models of personality traits, which include the Big Five model. Objective. Analysis of the relationship between the traits of the Big Five and the hardiness level of a person. Study Participants. The sample consisted of 808 respondents (46.2% men and 53.8% women) aged 17 to 82. Methods. The empirical data were collected by: the questionnaire “Hardiness Survey” adapted by D.A. Leontiev and E.I. Rasskazova; the short questionnaire of the Big Five adapted by A.S. Sergeeva, B.A. Kirillov, and A.F. Dzhumagulova. Mathematical processing of the research results included methods of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis and one-factor analysis of variance. Results. Correlations were found between the total index of hardiness and its components and four traits of the Big Five, such as extroversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness. In addition, the indicator of commitment demonstrated the relationship with agreeableness as a factor of the Big Five (p ≤ 0.05). Regression analysis (R2 = 0.28) allowed us to state that significant predictors of hardiness are extraversion (β = 0.17), emotional stability (β = 0.19) and conscientiousness (β = 0.20). Conclusions. The results of the study can be used in the development of psychological intervention programmes aimed at promoting the stress resistance of young people, adults and the elderly. The prospects of the study are associated with a detailed study of the relationship between resilience and the factors of the Big Five, taking into account various socio-demographic factors.

Background. There is a contradiction in the results of acting research: empathy plays an important role in the process of artistic transformation, but some anti-empathic traits, such as narcissism and machiavellianism, may also be useful for stage performance. The identification of gender specificity is particularly interesting when examining these personal features in the context of student actors' professional growth. Objectives. The focus is on exploring gender differences in the relationships of empathy and Dark Triad traits with personality traits in student actors. Study Participants. The study involved 43 second-year students of the Acting major, aged 19 to 29 years (21 men, 22 women). Methods. Short Portrait Big Five Questionnaire by M.S. Egorova and O.V. Parshikova, Short questionnaire of the Dark Triad adapted by M.S. Egorova, M.A. Sitnikova, O.V. Parshikova Empathy Questionnaire by A.A. Mehrabian adapted by E.F. Zeer and O.N. Shakhmatova Results. Openness to experience among student actors is associated with narcissism, and neuroticism is associated with emotional empathy, which describes the ability to understand other people's emotions. At the same time, gender differences were found in the specific relationships between empathic tendencies and personality traits. In boys, behavioral empathy, aimed at showing support and help, is associated with extraversion, while in girls, neuroticism is associated with machiavellianism. Conclusions. Several interpretations of the results are presented. Actors who are open to new experiences and experiments in creating images can be narcissistic, since they do not yet have a formed “sense of truth”, and therefore are forced to focus more on external assessment. Also, student actors may feel somewhat exceptional compared to their peers due to the experience gained through their professional activities. The connection between the emotional level of empathy in student actors of both sexes and neuroticism is explained by the fact that good social insight is accompanied by increased anxiety. Gender specific correlations (Machiavellianism with neuroticism in girls and behavioral empathy with extraversion in boys) may reflect the chosen strategies in developing the emotional component of the image, as well as in building relationships in a team.

Background and Study Aim. Personality traits significantly influence athletic performance and the development of athletes. However, these traits vary at different levels of sport. This knowledge gap makes it difficult to effectively tailor training and support programs. Thus, the purpose of this article is to identify differences in the expression of personality traits among professional athletes, competitive athletes, and amateur athletes. Material and Methods. The respondents (N=83) were sport seniors from Poland, aged 23 years, studying at the Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences. They were classified into three groups: 1) n=23 professional athletes; 2) n=30 competitive athletes; and 3) n=30 amateur athletes. The Big Five model was used, and the NEO-FFI personality questionnaire was administered. Analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0, with a statistical significance level set at α = 0.05. Results. Differences in neuroticism intensity among athletes from different sport levels were noted. Professional athletes showed the lowest level of neuroticism. However, no differences were observed in the intensity of individual personality traits among athletes by gender. Furthermore, correlations were noted between sport level and athletes’ personality traits: neuroticism (strong and negative), extraversion (weak and positive), and conscientiousness (weak and positive). Conclusions. Findings underscore the importance of considering personality traits when developing tailored training and support programs for athletes. The absence of gender differences in personality traits suggests that such programs can be designed without gender-specific adjustments. The identified correlations between sport level and personality traits provide valuable insights for coaches and sport psychologists to better understand and support athletes' psychological profiles.

The complexity of today’s scenario has made it necessary to investigate the need for individuals to make choices that entail increasing exposure to risk and uncertainty. Among the individual resources that could help people to cope with situations of uncertainty, the new construct of subjective risk intelligence (SRI), known as a person’s ability to effectively weigh the pros and cons of a decision in situations where not all the outcomes are foreseen, would seem to play a prominent role. Considering that personality and coping strategies have been shown to be significantly related in previous research, the present study investigates the relationships between subjective risk intelligence, emotional intelligence, personality traits and coping strategies in both adults and adolescents. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1390 Italian people, divided into two subsamples of 641 adolescents and 749 adults. The results showed that SRI mediated the roles that personality traits and emotional intelligence have in coping strategies differently in the adult sample, in which the mediating role of SRI was found for avoidance coping, and in the adolescent sample, in which SRI influenced all of the antecedents analysed in the study for almost all of the identified coping strategies. In light of these findings, subjective risk intelligence could be activated to deal with uncertain and risky situations, influencing the choice of effective or ineffective strategies in both adults and adolescents.

In recent times, creativity and innovation have emerged as a captivating theme for many researchers. However, the influence of personality traits on creativity and innovative work behavior remains insufficiently explored. The aim of this study is to examine how personality traits influence the creativity and innovative work behavior of employees in private companies in Vietnam. Data were collected through a survey of 261 employees. The research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) with SPSS and AMOS 20 software. The results show that openness to experience, extraversion, and conscientiousness have a direct positive impact on creativity and an indirect effect on innovative work behavior through the mediating role of individual creativity. Among these, openness to experience is the most influential factor affecting creativity (βstandardized = 0.418), followed by extraversion (βstandardized = 0.229), and finally conscientiousness (βstandardized = 0.169). Creativity positively affects innovative work behavior (βstandardized = 0.563). The relationship between neuroticism, agreeableness, and creativity is not supported. This study has made a significant theoretical contribution by supplementing evidence on the relationship between personality traits, creative potential, and innovative work behavior. Additionally, it offers practical implications for fostering creative activities and innovative work behavior in private companies in Vietnam.

Previous research has established that personality traits and personal values are intertwined constructs reporting sizable correlations. However, few previous studies have examined facet level traits in relation to values. The Big Five model contains lower-order facets representing specific contents of each trait domain. To this end, we provide a correlational map of 30 facets (IPIP-NEO-120) and Schwartz’s 10 values using an Mturk sample (N = 406). Results show moderate to strong correlations at the facet-level, indicating construct overlap between trait-facets and values. For example, the link between trait-facet excitement-seeking and the value-domain stimulation was r = .91. We also show that moderation analyses of trait-value relations result in very few significant interaction-effects with sex, age, and socioeconomic status. We discuss that traits at facet-level may be beneficial for a better understanding of the robust links between personality traits and values.

Abstract Background The qualities of trainees play a key role in entrustment decisions by clinical supervisors for the assignments of professional tasks and levels of supervision. A recent body of qualitative research has shown that in addition to knowledge and skills, a number of personality traits are relevant in the workplace; however, the relevance of these traits has not been investigated empirically. The aim of this study was to analyse the workplace performance of final-year medical students using an Entrustable Professional Activity (EPA) framework in relation to their personality traits. Methods Medical students at the end of their final clerkship year were invited to participate in an online survey-based, cross-sectional field study. In the survey, the workplace performance was captured using a framework consisting of levels of experienced supervision and a defined set of 12 end-of-undergraduate medical training EPAs. The Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness) of the participating medical students were measured using the Big Five Inventory-SOEP (BFI-S), which consists of 15 items that are rated on a seven-point Likert scale. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The study included 880 final-year medical students (mean age: 27.2 years, SD = 3.0; 65% female). The levels of supervision under which the final-year clerkship students carried out the EPAs varied considerably. Significant correlations were found between the levels of experienced supervision and all Big Five dimensions The correlations with the dimensions of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness were positive, and that for the neuroticism dimension was negative (range r = 0.17 to r = − 0.23). Multiple regression analyses showed that the combination of the Big Five personality traits accounted for 0.8–7.5% of the variance in supervision levels on individual EPAs. Conclusions Using the BFI-S, we found that the levels of supervision on a set of end-of-undergraduate medical training EPAs were related to the personality traits of final-year medical students. The results of this study confirm the existing body of research on the role of conscientiousness and extraversion in entrustment decision-making and, in particular, add the personality trait of neuroticism as a new and relevant trainee quality to be considered.