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O presente estudo investiga a relação entre a distribuição funcional da renda e o crescimento econômico mediante revisão literária, modelagem matemática formal e análise econométrica. Parte-se de uma revisão da literatura relacionada às teorias de distribuição e crescimento, identificando-se diferentes perspectivas sobre o tema. No âmbito dessa discussão, destaca-se a interpretação originalmente desenvolvida por Amit Bhaduri e Stephen Marglin que, ao modelarem características próprias de uma economia monetária de produção, com subutilização da capacidade produtiva e a possível existência de desemprego involuntário da mão-de-obra, definiram, sob uma ótica pós-Keynesiana, um arcabouço rigoroso e flexível de análise. O modelo Bhaduri-Marglin prevê efeitos positivos sobre o consumo associados a uma maior parcela salarial (wage share) no produto e efeitos positivos sobre o investimento associados à redistribuição em favor da parcela dos lucros (profit share). Portanto, a estrutura proposta é capaz de explicar resultados wage-led, observados quando o efeito consumo domina o efeito investimento bem como resultados profit-led, verificados caso contrário. Após a devida apresentação formal do modelo, e de uma breve síntese do atual estágio dos estudos empíricos nessa área, propõe-se um estudo econométrico como forma de contribuição ao debate. Com base em uma especificação empírica do modelo Bhaduri-Marglin para economia aberta são estimadas regressões com dados em painel. Destacam-se como aspectos centrais da contribuição aqui proposta: (1) a inclusão de países em desenvolvimento nas amostras e (2) o emprego de estimadores econométricos capazes de lidar com os problemas de endogeneidade potenciais. O estudo empírico foi realizado por meio do estimador Arellano-Bover/Blundell-Bond para painéis dinâmicos com vistas a analisar o regime de demanda e por meio de vetores autoregressivos em painel visando identificar tanto o regime de acumulação quanto o regime de demanda. A investigação mediante o estimador Arellano-Bover/Blundell-Bond produziu resultados com regime de demanda predominantemente wage-led. Identificou-se apenas uma instância em que o regime de demanda da economia média se mostrou profit-led. O estimador autorregressivo, por sua vez, sugere que a economia média apresenta regime de demanda profit-led e regime de acumulação wage-led. Não foi possível encontrar, por meio dessa estrutura autorregressiva, coeficientes significativos referentes à economia em desenvolvimento média. In this study, we investigate the relationship between functional income distribution and economic growth by means of a literary survey, formal mathematical modeling and econometric analysis. We begin by reviewing the literature regarding economic distribution and growth theories and identifying different perspectives on this issue. In the context of this discussion, we emphasize the interpretation originally developed by Amit Bhaduri and Stephen Marglin who, by modeling the characteristics of underutilization of productive capacities and involuntary unemployment of the workforce attributed to a monetary economy of production, defined, under a post-Keynesian view, a rigorous and flexible framework of analysis. The Bhaduri-Marglin model predicts positive effects of a higher wage share on consumption as well as positive effects of a higher profit share on investment. Therefore, this framework is capable of explaining wage-led results, which are observed when the consumption effect dominates the investment effect, as well as profit-led results, which are otherwise verified. Upon formally presenting the model and a brief synthesis of the current stage of empirical research in this area of investigation, we propose an econometric study as a means of contributing to the debate. Based on an empirical specification of the Bhaduri-Marglin model for an open economy, we estimate regressions through the use of panel data. We highlight, as central aspects of the contribution proposed here: (1) the inclusion of developing countries in the samples and (2) the application of econometric estimators which are capable of handling potential endogeneity issues. In our empirical study, we apply the Arellano-Bover/Blundell-Bond estimator for dynamic panel data seeking to estimate and analyze the demand regime. Additionally, we employ autoregressive vectors in panel data in order to identify the accumulation regime as well as the demand regime. In our investigation with the Arellano-Bover/Blundell-Bond estimator, we find that most demand regimes estimated are wage-led. Nevertheless, we managed to estimate profit-led demand regimes in one instance related to the average economy. On the other hand, the autorregressive estimator suggests that the average economy has profit-led demand and wage-led accumulation. However, no significant coefficients were detected for the average developing economy while applying this autorregressive structure. Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG

Most empirical macroeconomic research limited to the period since World War II. This paper analyses the effects of changes in income distribution and in private wealth on consumption and investment covering a period from as early as 1855 until 2010 for the UK, France, Germany and USA, based on the dataset of Piketty and Zucman (2014). We contribute to the post-Keynesian debate on the nature of demand regimes, mainstream analyses of wealth effects and the financialisation debate. We find that overall domestic demand has been wage-led in the USA, UK and Germany. Total investment responds positively to higher wage shares, which is driven by residential investment. For corporate investment alone, we find a negative relation. Wealth effects are found to be positive and significant for consumption in the USA and UK, but weaker in France and Germany. Investment is negatively affected by private wealth in the USA and the UK, but positively in France and Germany.

The paper investigates the effects of changes in the distribution of income and in wealth on aggregate demand and its components. We extend the Bhaduri and Marglin (1990) model to include personal income inequality as well as asset prices and debt. This allows for an evaluation of the wage or profit-led nature of demand regimes, of the expenditure cascade argument (Frank et al. 2010) and several hypotheses regarding the effects of wealth and debt. Our estimates are based on a panel of 18 OECD countries covering the period 1980-2013. For the full panel the average demand regime is found to be wage led. We fail to find effects of personal inequality, but do find strong effects of debt and property prices which have been the major drivers of aggregate demand in the decade prior to the 2007 crisis.

I investigate whether demand growth and productivity growth in Switzerland have benefitted from the wage moderation that set in at the beginning of the 1990s in this country. The results suggest that the Swiss demand regime is profit-led while the productivity regime is wage-led. This means on the one hand that wage moderation has added almost one percentage point to GDP growth after 1990. On the other hand, it has also contributed to the drop in productivity growth. The latter effect, however, is weak., KOF Working Papers, 323