Tavares, Patricia Dias, Pires, Alexandra, Uz?da, Mariella Camardelli, Korasaki, Vanesca, Vieira, Marcus Vin?cius, Bergallo, Helena de Godoy, and Freitas, Andr? Felippe Nunes de
Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2021-08-02T15:49:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2018 - Patr?cia Dias Tavares.pdf: 1518046 bytes, checksum: 943f2394deafa9d314e5d1c07a292bc0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-02T15:49:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018 - Patr?cia Dias Tavares.pdf: 1518046 bytes, checksum: 943f2394deafa9d314e5d1c07a292bc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES Abstract: Habitat loss and fragmentation are among the main threats to biodiversity conservation and associated ecosystem services. Loss of area, increased isolation, and increased exposure to adjacent matrix disturbances promote changes with serious consequences for the structure and function of forest fragments. The role of the adjacent matrix, both the habitat and the effects of its management on the remaining natural areas remain poorly understood. Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) compose an important group of insects, well represented in tropical regions and are very sensitive to changes in environmental conditions and habitat structure. These dung beetles can be used to evaluate natural or anthropogenic impacts on tropical forests. They perform important ecological functions by participating in key processes in ecosystems, such as nutrient cycling, aeration and soil aggregation, secondary seed dispersal, and control of vertebrate parasites. In this thesis, we evaluated the influence of the matrix adjacent to forest remnants on the dung beetles community and the functions of fecal removal, bioturbation and secondary dispersion of small, medium and large seeds. We collected dung beetles in 13 remaining forest areas, with total area ranging from 8.46ha to 49259.25ha. We selected seven of these areas, where we evaluated ecological functions. We conducted the survey of the canopy opening, slope, texture and chemical characterization of the soil, besides the landscape indexes, describing the size, isolation, and perimeter/area ratio of each studied area. To characterize the adjacent matrix influence, we calculated the proportion of the fragment boundary composed by intensive agriculture and conventional pasture. We collected 914 individuals, distributed in ten species, six genera and four tribes. We found from 73% to 100% of the wealth expected by the estimators for each area. The most abundant species was Canthon staigi (Pereira, 1953), with 669 individuals, occurring in 11 of the remnants studied. The increase in forest areas that border on pasture and intensive agriculture negatively affected the richness, abundance and biomass of the dung beetles. The proportion of the limit with intensive agriculture negatively affected the rates of bioturbation. The abundance and biomass of rollers were responsible for most of the services except medium and large seed dispersal. The loss of ecological functions can promote changes in different components that regulate ecosystem services, leading to irreversible processes in the remaining areas. Thus, in addition to comparing different forms of land use, future studies should consider the management of the adjacent matrix in the evaluation of disturbances in remnant forest areas A perda e fragmenta??o de habitats est?o entre as principais amea?as para a conserva??o da biodiversidade e dos servi?os ecossist?micos associados. A perda de ?rea, aumento do isolamento e maior exposi??o aos dist?rbios da matriz adjacente promovem mudan?as com s?rias consequ?ncias para a estrutura e fun??o dos fragmentos florestais. O papel da matriz adjacente tanto enquanto habitat, quanto os efeitos do seu manejo sobre as ?reas naturais remanescentes ainda permanecem mal compreendidos. Besouros escarabe?neos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) comp?em um importante grupo de insetos, bem representados em regi?es tropicais e muito sens?veis ?s mudan?as nas condi??es ambientais e estrutura do habitat. Esses besouros podem ser utilizados para a avalia??o dos impactos ambientais naturais ou antropog?nicos em florestas tropicais. Eles desempenham fun??es ecol?gicas importantes, participando de processos chave nos ecossistemas, como ciclagem de nutrientes, aera??o e agrega??o do solo, dispers?o secund?ria de sementes e controle de parasitas de vertebrados. Nessa tese avaliamos a influ?ncia da matriz adjacente a remanescentes florestais sobre a comunidade de besouros rola bostas e as fun??es de remo??o de fezes, revolvimento do solo e dispers?o secund?ria de sementes pequenas, m?dias e grandes. Coletamos besouros Scarabaeinae em 13 ?reas de floresta remanescente, com ?rea total variando de 8,46ha a 49259,25ha. Selecionamos sete, dessas ?reas, onde avaliamos as fun??es ecol?gicas. Realizamos o levantamento da abertura do dossel, declividade, textura e caracteriza??o qu?mica do solo, al?m dos ?ndices da paisagem, descrevendo o tamanho, isolamento, e a raz?o per?metro/?rea de cada ?rea estudada. Para caracterizar a influ?ncia da matriz adjacente, calculamos a propor??o do limite do fragmento composto por agricultura intensiva e pastagem convencional. Coletamos 914 indiv?duos, distribu?dos em dez esp?cies, seis g?neros e quatro tribos. Encontramos de 73% a 100% da riqueza esperada pelos estimadores para cada ?rea. A esp?cie mais abundante foi Canthon staigi (Pereira, 1953), com 669 dos indiv?duos, ocorrendo em 11 dos remanescentes estudados. O aumento das ?reas de floresta que fazem limite com pastagem e agricultura intensiva afetaram negativamente a riqueza, abund?ncia e biomassa de besouros escarabe?deos. A propor??o de limite com agricultura intensiva afetou negativamente as taxas de revolvimento do solo. A abund?ncia e biomassa de roladores foram respons?veis pela maioria dos servi?os, exceto dispers?o de sementes m?dias e grandes. A perda de fun??es ecol?gicas pode promover altera??es em diferentes componentes que regulam os servi?os ecossist?micos, levando a processos irrevers?veis nas ?reas remanescentes. Assim, al?m da compara??o entre diferentes formas de uso da terra, futuros estudos devem considerar o manejo da matriz adjacente na avalia??o de dist?rbios em ?reas remanescentes florestais