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The radiobiology of tumor reirradiation is poorly understood. It pertains to tumors and their sensitivity at the time of relapse, encompassing primary tumors, metastases, or secondary cancers developed in or proximal to previously irradiated tissues. The ability to control the pathology depends, in part, on understanding this sensitivity. To date, literature data remains limited regarding changes in the radiosensitivity of tissues after initial irradiation, and most proposals are based on conjecture. The response of healthy tissues at the site of irradiation raises concerns about radio-induced complications. Cumulative dose is likely a major factor in this risk, thus using equivalent dose calculations might help reduce the risk of complications. However, the correlation between mathematical equivalence formulas and clinical effects of radiobiological origin is weak, and the lack of knowledge of the alpha/beta (α/β) ratio of healthy tissues remains an obstacle to the extensive use of these formulas. However, tissues exposed to recovery dose may have a tolerance to irradiation much higher than assumed, thus further biological work remains to be developed. Also, the functionality of previously irradiated tissues could be useful in selecting the most suitable irradiation beams. Finally, research on the genomics of irradiated healthy tissues could improve the prediction of side effects and personalize radiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satisfaction of the increased demands of medical institutions for trained doctors and secondary medical workers, ensuring gender equality in this socially significant matter, especially in its Muslim regions are considered to be the most important factors in the effective development of healthcare in modern Russia. This necessitates the analysis and use of the positive experience of previous decades. In this context, the experience of multinational Dagestan in the development of healthcare, including increasing its human resources, is of exceptional scientific, theoretical and practical interest. In this research, for the first time in regional historiography, an attempt is made to analyze the experience of the Republic's authorities in meeting the requests and needs of healthcare institutions in the personnel of medical workers in the gender aspect in the 1960s.The article is based on the principles of scientific objectivity and historicism, descriptive and systematic research methods are used, which allowed us to recreate a full-fledged picture of the topic under study.The analysis of the factual material allowed us to come to a reasonable conclusion that despite the objective difficulties and unresolved issues in the economic and socio-cultural development of Dagestan in the decade under review, there have been significant positive changes in the development of healthcare, including meeting the requests and needs of healthcare institutions for personnel with higher and secondary medical education. During this period, despite the decrease in the proportion of women in the medical staff, they continued to prevail. However, as it is traced in the article, by the end of the analyzed decade, significant difficulties and unresolved issues remained in the Republic in meeting the needs of healthcare institutions for medical personnel and secondary medical workers from among women, primarily Dagestanis, in rural areas.

This study numerically investigated the effects of various contact strategies on the thermal hydraulic behavior within a structured bed of 100 explicitly modeled pebbles. Four contact strategies and two thermal hydraulic conditions were considered. The strategies to avoid contact singularities include decreasing the pebble diameter, increasing the pebble diameter, bridging the pebble surfaces near the contact region, and capping the pebble surfaces near the contact region. One strategy, Strategy 3a, which involves bridging with a cylinder equal to 10% of the pebble diameter, was selected as the baseline strategy because it addressed the contact singularity while minimizing the geometric changes that affect the bed porosity. The two thermal hydraulic conditions were full-power operation (Case 1) and pressurized loss of forced cooling or PLOFC (Case 2). Simulations of the conjugate heat transfer within the structured bed were performed using the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes approach with the realizable k- ϵ turbulence model and two-layer all y + wall treatment. The thermal-fluid quantities of interest were compared between the contact strategies for each case. In Case 1, the hydraulic behavior was sensitive to the contact strategy, with large differences in the pressure drop (30%) and volume-average velocity (4%). The thermal behavior was not sensitive, with less than a 0.5% difference across the strategies. To better understand the separate effects of each heat transfer mode, Case 2 was divided into the following subcases: conduction (Case 2a); conduction/radiation (Case 2b); and conduction/radiation/convection (Case 2c). Case 2a represents an early phase of the PLOFC transient. Case 2b represents an intermediate phase of the PLOFC transient, with the pebble temperatures sufficiently high for the radiative heat transfer to be non-negligible. Case 2c represents a late phase of the PLOFC transient after the establishment of the natural circulation of the heat transfer fluid. For Case 2, large differences in the contact strategy were observed only in Case 2a with only conduction. The difference in the maximum pebble temperature was 23% in Case 2a, 2% in Case 2b, and 0.3% in Case 2c. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A deficiency of the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) beds or nurses may cause delays in the operating rooms (ORs) and increase the number of cancellations. Some disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic may cause this deficiency. This paper investigates two integrated OR and PACU scheduling problems; one with few PACU beds, and the other with few PACU nurses. For each problem, a mathematical model and a matheuristic are proposed for minimising the number of cancellations. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first study that investigates the implications of a severe lack of the PACU beds or nurses on the number of cancellations. The matheuristics hybridise the decomposition of each instance into some small-sized sub-instances with a variable neighbourhood search algorithm. The main advantages of these methods are their flexibility to incorporate many problem details (such as a step-wise demand for the PACU nurses) and to solve any large-scale problem. Numerical results for a data set with 22 ORs show that with an increasingly severe lack of PACU capacity there is progressively greater benefit of the matheuristics than their initial solutions. Moreover, these results show the influence of the overtime and the recovery in ORs on improving the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung SBRT has a well-defined role in the treatment of patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer who are not surgical candidates or refuse surgery. Biologically effective dose (BED) of greater than or equal to 100 Gy has been recommended. However, optimal fractionation remains unclear. Our objective was analyze patients treated with lung SBRT in our institution and evaluate outcomes according prescribed dose. Patients and methods: One hundred nine patients with early non-small cell lung cancer and treated with lung SBRT were retrospectively analyzed. Differences between dose received, local control, and survival were evaluated. For comparison of BEDs, the prescribed dose for SBRT was stratified according to two groups: high (BED > 120 Gy) and low (BED < 120 Gy). Results: A relationship between mortality and total dose (54.7 Gy ± 4.8) was observed. Significantly worse survival was observed for patients with higher total doses (p < 0.003). It was found that patients receiving BED > 120 had increased mortality compared to patients receiving BED < 120 (p = 0.021). It was observed mean dose/fraction 12.6 Gy/f was a protective factor and decreased the probability of death. Conclusion: Our data suggest that mean total dose lower 54 and a calculated BED < 120 Gy is the optimal. Further prospective data are needed to confirm these results and determine the optimal dose fractionation scheme as a function of tumor size and location of volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid - 19 is a virus that is becoming epidemic in the world starting early 2020. This disease has claimed many deaths from all over the world, including Indonesia. Handling of the bodies of victims of Covid - 19 cannot be arbitrary. Because the bodies of sufferers of Covid - 19 can still infect people who have contact with the bodies. Therefore, the procedure for handling covid-19 bodies has a special standard set by the World Health Organization (WHO), namely the use of coffins. The problem faced in Indonesia is that this country is predominantly Muslim where people who die are not buried using coffins so that the possibility of Indonesia experiencing a shortage of coffins is very high. On the other hand, if we pay attention to environmental factors which also need to be worried because the more use of coffins, the more the need for raw material for the coffins, namely wood. Then more wood will be cut. This will have long effects in the future. This research activity develops a multi-use product. It is a product that can be used as a mattress for the patient as well as a casket when the worst happens to the patient. The products used use a knockdown system so there is no need for physical contact from health workers to patients when they need to turn them into coffins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Brachytherapy for ocular melanoma is based on the application of eye plaques with different spatial dose nonuniformity, time‐dependent dose rates and relative biological effectiveness (RBE). Purpose: We propose a parameter called the equivalent uniform RBE‐weighted dose (EUDRBE) that can be used for quantitative characterization of integrated cell survival in radiotherapy modalities with the variable RBE, dose nonuniformity and dose rate. The EUDRBE is applied to brachytherapy with 125I eye plaques designed by the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS). Methods: The EUDRBE is defined as the uniform dose distribution with RBE = 1 that causes equal cell survival for a given nonuniform dose distribution with the variable RBE > 1. The EUDRBE can be used for comparison of cell survival for nonuniform dose distributions with different RBE, because they are compared to the reference dose with RBE = 1. The EUDRBE is applied to brachytherapy with 125I COMS eye plaques that are characterized by a steep dose gradient in tumor base‐apex direction, protracted irradiation during time intervals of 3–8 days, and variable dose‐rate dependent RBE with a maximum of about 1.4. The simulations are based on dose of 85 Gy prescribed to the farthest intraocular extent of the tumor (tumor apex). To compute the EUDRBE in eye plaque brachytherapy and correct for protracted irradiation, the distributions of physical dose have been converted to non‐uniform distributions of biologically effective dose (BED) to include the biological effects of sublethal cellular repair, Our radiobiological analysis considers the combined effects of different time‐dependent dose rates, spatial dose non‐uniformity, dose fractionation and different RBE and can be used to derive optimized dose regimens brachytherapy. Results: Our simulations show that the EUDRBE increases with the prescription depths and the maximum increase may achieve 6% for the tumor height of 12 mm. This effect stems from a steep dose gradient within the tumor that increases with the prescription depth. The simulations also show that the EUDRBE increase may achieve 12% with increasing the dose rate when implant duration decreases. The combined effect of dose nonuniformity and dose rate may change the EUDRBE up to 18% for the same dose prescription of 85 Gy to tumor apex. The absolute dose range of 48–61 Gy (RBE) for the EUDRBE computed using 4 or 5 fractions is comparable to the dose prescriptions used in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with megavoltage X‐rays (RBE = 1) for different cancers. The tumor control probabilities in SBRT and eye plaque brachytherapy are very similar at the level of 80% or higher that support the hypothesis that the selected approximations for the EUDRBE are valid. Conclusions: The computed range of the EUDRBE in 125I COMS eye plaque brachytherapy suggests that the selected models and hypotheses are acceptable. The EUDRBE can be useful for analysis of treatment outcomes and comparison of different dose regimens in eye plaque brachytherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Systematically review evidence on using GLP-1RAs for reducing BEB in BED and BN. Methods: Comprehensive literature search (PubMed and Google Scholar) conducted for studies evaluating GLP-1Ras for BEB. Extracted data on study characteristics, efficacy, and safety. Results: Studies show that GLP-1RAs (liraglutide and dulaglutide) reduce BE frequency and comorbidities in addition to favorable psychiatric side effect profile compared to current options. However, large-scale, blinded placebo-controlled trials are lacking. Conclusion: Early findings suggest promising effects of GLP-1RAs on BEB. However, rigorous clinical trials are needed to firmly establish efficacy, dosing, safety, and comparative effectiveness before considering GLP-1RAs a viable novel approach.

In the magazine's previous issue, I tried to emphasize the symbols of rebirth in ancient Egyptian and Vedic cultures, mentioning the magical role of the animal skin and its textile substitutes as a protective placenta for the soul. These elements, with deep historical roots, are also present in traditional Romanian culture. The heavy fur and the delicate apple blossom once marked the boundary between the Cosmos and Chaos in ancient times. While the fur served the practical role of preserving the wearer in the underworld and the magical role of protecting the soul undergoing initiation in Chaos/Desolation, the apple blossom transcended the tangible world, existing outside of it in the boundless space of all possibilities, yet without physical form. Despite its apparent fragility, it has endured for several thousand years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Laocoonte is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Estetica y Teoria de las Artes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The distribution of hospital beds can be used as an indicator to assess the distribution of health services. This study aimed to determine and prioritize indicators of hospital bed allocation in Iran. In the first phase of the study, we used a scoping review to identify criteria affecting hospital bed allocation. Then, we applied an expert panel and the Delphi method to localize the criteria. Finally, we carried out Analytic Network Process method based on Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory technique (DANP), to determine the weight and importance of indicators and to evaluate the causal relationship between them. Based on the scoping review, we identified 75 criteria that influence bed allocation. In 2 Delphi cycles, 28 criteria were selected and included in the DANP phase. The population, the presence of a reference hospital in the region, the type of hospital, the common diseases in the region, and the presence of home care services were the variables that had the most interaction with other variables. The variable of home care services was at the highest level of the causal chain. Bed occupancy rate, average length of stay, waiting list, as well as type and level of the hospital had the highest priority in the allocation of hospital beds. Furthermore, given the importance of home care services, policies should be adopted to expand these services nationwide. The indicators identified in this study will be useful for the development of policies aimed at an equitable allocation of hospital beds. Key Points: The authors identified 75 criteria affecting the distribution of beds through scoping review.The criteria with the highest level of interaction were population, existence of a reference hospital in the area, the type of hospital, common diseases in the area, and existence of home care services.The variable of home care services was at the highest level of the causal chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study numerically investigated the effects of various contact strategies on the thermal hydraulic behavior within a structured bed of 100 explicitly modeled pebbles. Four contact strategies and two thermal hydraulic conditions were considered. The strategies to avoid contact singularities include decreasing the pebble diameter, increasing the pebble diameter, bridging the pebble surfaces near the contact region, and capping the pebble surfaces near the contact region. One strategy, Strategy 3a, which involves bridging with a cylinder equal to 10% of the pebble diameter, was selected as the baseline strategy because it addressed the contact singularity while minimizing the geometric changes that affect the bed porosity. The two thermal hydraulic conditions were full-power operation (Case 1) and pressurized loss of forced cooling or PLOFC (Case 2). Simulations of the conjugate heat transfer within the structured bed were performed using the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes approach with the realizable k-ϵ turbulence model and two-layer all y+ wall treatment. The thermal-fluid quantities of interest were compared between the contact strategies for each case. In Case 1, the hydraulic behavior was sensitive to the contact strategy, with large differences in the pressure drop (30%) and volume-average velocity (4%). The thermal behavior was not sensitive, with less than a 0.5% difference across the strategies. To better understand the separate effects of each heat transfer mode, Case 2 was divided into the following subcases: conduction (Case 2a); conduction/radiation (Case 2b); and conduction/radiation/convection (Case 2c). Case 2a represents an early phase of the PLOFC transient. Case 2b represents an intermediate phase of the PLOFC transient, with the pebble temperatures sufficiently high for the radiative heat transfer to be non-negligible. Case 2c represents a late phase of the PLOFC transient after the establishment of the natural circulation of the heat transfer fluid. For Case 2, large differences in the contact strategy were observed only in Case 2a with only conduction. The difference in the maximum pebble temperature was 23% in Case 2a, 2% in Case 2b, and 0.3% in Case 2c.

On Markan priority, Mt 9.2 and Lk 5.18 contain a famous minor agreement against Mark, with the paralytic being brought to Jesus ἐπὶ κλίνης (as opposed to Mark's κράβαττος). As the story unfolds, Matthew sustains the use of κλίνη in Mt 9.6, while Luke switches to κλινίδιον in Lk 5.19, 24. This leads to another minor agreement, whereby κλίνη (Matthew) and κλινίδιον (Luke) sustain the joint rejection of Mark's κράβαττος. Michael Goulder (1978 , 1989 , 1993) and Mark Goodacre (2002) have proposed that Luke envisioned κλίνη as a raised bed. They follow the scholars who take the diminutive suffix of κλινίδιον to refer to a small bed (stretcher, etc.). On their hypothesis, Luke mechanically copied κλίνη from Matthew in 5.18, subsequently correcting himself to κλινίδιον in 5.19, 24. Our article corrects the frequent misconception of κλινίδιον as a functional diminutive. It is shown that κλίνη and κλινίδιον were interchangeable in a number of contexts, with referents ranging from a household bed/couch to a litter. Examples of the expression ἐπὶ κλίνης in contexts similar to the story of the paralytic are provided. It is suggested that Luke committed no error in using both terms to describe the paralytic's vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Anbar University for Law & Political Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background In a feasibility randomised controlled trial in people with overweight/obesity with and without binge eating disorder (BED) symptoms, we assessed eight weekly sessions of attention bias modification training (ABMT) and mindfulness training (MT) versus waiting list (WL) and explored potential mechanisms. Methods 45 participants were randomly allocated to one of three trial arms. Primary outcomes were recruitment, retention and treatment adherence rates. Secondary outcomes included measures of eating behaviour, mood, attention and treatment acceptability. Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-intervention (week 8), and follow-up (week 12). Results Participant retention at follow-up was 84.5% across groups. Session completion rates in the laboratory were 87% for ABMT and 94% for MT, but home practice was much poorer for ABMT. Changes in BMI and body composition were small between groups and there was a medium size BMI reduction in the MT group at follow-up. Effect sizes of eating disorder symptom changes were not greater for either intervention group compared to WL, but favoured ABMT compared to MT. Hedonic hunger and mindful eating scores favoured MT compared to ABMT and WL. ABMT reduced attention biases towards high-calorie food cues, which correlated with lower objective binge eating days at post-intervention. No significant changes were observed in the MT, or WL conditions. Conclusions Both ABMT and MT have potential value as adjuncts in the treatment of obesity and BED, and a larger clinical trial appears feasible and indicated. Trial registration: ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN15745838. Registered on 22 May 2018.

Background and purpose: One of the main challenges of human resource management in hospitals is the proper distribution of nurses, which is necessary to improve the efficiency and quality of health services. In this review, this rate is compared in selected countries and Iran in order to provide the necessary evidence for managers and policymakers in human resource management Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a field review in 2019 with the aim of comparing the standards of nurse distribution to beds/wards in selected studies. The search was conducted with related keywords in "Scopus", "Web of Science", "PubMed" databases without a time limit. Results: The distribution of nursing per bed was reported in Australia, England, Northern Ireland, Wales, Israel, America, California, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. In Iran, the rate of nurses to intensive beds was slightly higher than the average and the ratio of nurses to ordinary and emergency beds was lower than the average of selected countries average. Conclusion: Nurses' distribution was generally lower than the average of other countries, and this ratio was lower in some sectors and higher than the average in some sectors. Recruitment and redistribution of the appropriate nurse in different sectors by benchmarking successful countries are suggested.

Taking various documentary sources from the archive as its basis, and particularly inventories, dowries, wills and paintings of the 16th century, this article presents an analysis of the bed: its location in the house, some of its forms and denominations, what it meant to the men and women who lived in the house, and some ways it was experienced. As this is a broad topic, the focus here falls on the colours with which the bed was dressed, given that it is perhaps the element of the house that tends to best described in inventories, hinting at the central importance placed on this household item. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children. Neurosurgical excision, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy represent the standard of care in most histopathological types of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Even though the successful cure rate is reasonable, some patients may develop recurrence locally or within the neuroaxis. The management of these recurrences is not easy; however, significant advances in neurosurgery, radiation techniques, radiobiology, and the introduction of newer biological therapies, have improved the results of their salvage treatment. In many cases, salvage re-irradiation is feasible and has achieved encouraging results. The results of re-irradiation depend upon several factors. These factors include tumor type, extent of the second surgery, tumor volume, location of the recurrence, time that elapses between the initial treatment, the combination with other treatment agents, relapse, and the initial response to radiotherapy. Reviewing the radiobiological basis and clinical outcome of pediatric brain re-irradiation revealed that re-irradiation is safe, feasible, and indicated for recurrent/progressive different tumor types such as; ependymoma, medulloblastoma, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and glioblastoma. It is now considered part of the treatment armamentarium for these patients. The challenges and clinical results in treating recurrent pediatric brain tumors were highly documented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children under the age of 5 years suffer from the highest rates of fall-related injuries. Caretakers often leave young children on sofas and beds, however, falling and rolling off these fixtures can lead to serious injury. We investigated the epidemiologic characteristics and trends of bed and sofa-related injuries among children aged <5 years treated in US emergency departments (EDs). We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System from 2007 through 2021 using sample weights to estimate national numbers and rates of bed and sofa-related injuries. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were employed. An estimated 3,414,007 children aged <5 years were treated for bed and sofa-related injuries in emergency departments (EDs) in the United States from 2007 through 2021, averaging 115.2 injuries per 10,000 persons annually. Closed head injuries (30%) and lacerations (24%) comprised the majority of injuries. The primary location of injury was the head (71%) and upper extremity (17%). Children <1 year of age accounted for most injuries, with a 67% increase in incidence within the age group between 2007 and 2021 (p < 0.001). Falling, jumping, and rolling off beds and sofas were the primary mechanisms of injury. The proportion of jumping injuries increased with age. Approximately 4% of all injuries required hospitalization. Children <1 year of age were 1.58 times more likely to be hospitalized after injury than all other age groups (p < 0.001). Beds and sofas can be associated with injury among young children, especially infants. The annual rate of bed and sofa-related injuries among infants <1 year old is increasing, which underscores the need for increased prevention efforts, including parental education and improved safety design, to decrease these injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In a feasibility randomised controlled trial in people with overweight/obesity with and without binge eating disorder (BED) symptoms, we assessed eight weekly sessions of attention bias modification training (ABMT) and mindfulness training (MT) versus waiting list (WL) and explored potential mechanisms. Methods: 45 participants were randomly allocated to one of three trial arms. Primary outcomes were recruitment, retention and treatment adherence rates. Secondary outcomes included measures of eating behaviour, mood, attention and treatment acceptability. Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-intervention (week 8), and follow-up (week 12). Results: Participant retention at follow-up was 84.5% across groups. Session completion rates in the laboratory were 87% for ABMT and 94% for MT, but home practice was much poorer for ABMT. Changes in BMI and body composition were small between groups and there was a medium size BMI reduction in the MT group at follow-up. Effect sizes of eating disorder symptom changes were not greater for either intervention group compared to WL, but favoured ABMT compared to MT. Hedonic hunger and mindful eating scores favoured MT compared to ABMT and WL. ABMT reduced attention biases towards high-calorie food cues, which correlated with lower objective binge eating days at post-intervention. No significant changes were observed in the MT, or WL conditions. Conclusions: Both ABMT and MT have potential value as adjuncts in the treatment of obesity and BED, and a larger clinical trial appears feasible and indicated. Trial registration: ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN15745838. Registered on 22 May 2018. Plain English summary: In this small research study, people who were classified as overweight or living with obesity (with or without symptoms of binge eating disorder) received either a mindfulness intervention, a "subconscious" attention-based intervention called attention bias modification training (ABMT) or were put on a waiting list for 8 weeks. People in the mindfulness group experienced improvements in emotional eating, mindful eating, and "impulsive" eating. Those who received the attention-based training paid less attention to highly caloric food after the intervention which correlated with fewer binge eating episodes. Results from this study suggest that both types of interventions have potential as add-on treatments for obesity and binge eating disorder, but larger studies are necessary to assess their clinical impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was a retrospective pilot chart review of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients diagnosed with and without comorbid binge eating disorder (BED) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). ADHD research is critical because of its prevalence and persistence into adulthood. In the literature, ADHD, BED, and BPD are linked to an underlying impulsivity factor. This comparative study examined whether differences existed between patient groups concerning risk factors, comorbid disorders, and continuous performance test (CPT) cognitive scoring. The main goal was to find significant associations suggestive of correlations between specific factors and a principal diagnosis of ADHD with comorbid BED and BPD. Study participants were patients between 18 and 30 diagnosed by a psychiatrist in an outpatient clinic between June 2022 and December 2022. Both the control and comorbidity groups included 50 participants (N = 100). Patients were randomly chosen based on the chronological order of intake visit dates at the clinic and were selected as participants upon meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through the Med Access EMR database, with quantitative data analyzed using SPSS and chi-squared p-value tests. The results showed significant associations between a principal diagnosis of ADHD with comorbid BPD and BED and (1) having four or more overall risk factors; (2) having five specific reported psychosocial risk factors: family issues, bullying, poverty, trouble with the law, and physical abuse; and (3) having on average more risk factors and comorbidities as compared to ADHD patients without comorbid BPD and BED. No association was found between low CPT scores and, thus, differential cognitive functionality between groups. This research will inform future study hypotheses to develop the clinical profile of ADHD patients with comorbid BED and BPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art & Communication is the property of Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art & Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Évaluer, sur la population des enfants et des adolescents, la validité d'un modèle de cercle vicieux de la stigmatisation de l'obésité qui, dans une compréhension psychopathologique, inclut les concepts de dépression et d'alimentation émotionnelle. Revue de question répertoriant les études publiées dans PubMed et PsychINFO avant 2005, portant sur des participants âgés de moins de 18 et incluant les différents facteurs du modèle (stigmatisation, dépression, alimentation émotionnelle et obésité). Dans l'état actuel des publications, le modèle n'a pas été validé dans sa globalité, notamment concernant le lien entre alimentation émotionnelle et d'une part la dépression, d'autre part la prise de poids. Cependant, l'existence d'une association bidirectionnelle « stigmatisation × obésité » a été confirmée. Cette association semble en partie médiée par des manifestations dépressives. Des études longitudinales doivent être entreprises afin de vérifier le rôle de l'alimentation émotionnelle dans le modèle. La santé mentale des enfants et des adolescents apparaît comme un facteur de risque de perpétuation du surpoids ou de l'obésité. Le phénomène de stigmatisation des enfants et adolescents de forte corpulence doit être une préoccupation centrale en termes de prévention et de prise en charge. To assess the validity of a vicious circle model of obesity stigma in the child and adolescent population that includes the concepts of depression and emotional eating in a psychopathological understanding. A review of studies published in PubMed and PsychINFO prior to 2005, involving participants under 18 years of age and including the different factors of the model (stigma, depression, emotional eating and obesity). In the current state of the literature, the model has not been validated in its entirety, particularly concerning the link between emotional eating and depression on the one hand and weight gain on the other. However, the existence of a bidirectional association "stigma × obesity" has been confirmed. This association seems to be partly mediated by depressive manifestations. Longitudinal studies should be undertaken to verify the role of emotional eating in the model. The mental health of children and adolescents appears to be a risk factor for the perpetuation of overweight or obesity. The phenomenon of stigmatization of overweight children and adolescents must be a central concern in terms of prevention and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a precise focusing of radiation to a targeted point or larger area of tissue. With advances in technology, the radiobiological understanding of this modality has trailed behind. Although found effective in both short‑ and long‑term follow‑up, there are ongoing evolution and controversial topics such as dosing pattern, dose per fraction in hypo‑fractionnated regimens, inter‑fraction interval, and so on. Radiobiology of radiosurgery is not a mere extension of conventional fractionation radiotherapy, but it demands further evaluation of the dose calculation on the linear linear‑quadratic model, which has also its limits, biologically effective dose, and radiosensitivity of the normal and target tissue. Further research is undergoing to understand this somewhat controversial topic of radiosurgery better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to monitor blood pressure unobtrusively and continuously, even during sleep, may promote the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, enable the early detection of cardiovascular risk, and facilitate the timely administration of treatment. Publicly available data from forty participants containing synchronously recorded signals from four force sensors (load cells located under each leg of a bed) and continuous blood pressure waveforms were leveraged in this research. The focus of this study was on using a deep neural network with load-cell data as input composed of three recurrent layers to reconstruct blood pressure (BP) waveforms. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure values were estimated from the reconstructed BP waveform. The dataset was partitioned into training, validation, and testing sets, such that the data from a given participant were only used in a single set. The BP waveform reconstruction performance resulted in an R2 of 0.61 and a mean absolute error < 0.1 mmHg. The estimation of the mean SBP and DBP values was characterized by Bland–Altman-derived limits of agreement in intervals of [−11.99 to 15.52 mmHg] and [−7.95 to +3.46 mmHg], respectively. These results may enable the detection of abnormally large or small variations in blood pressure, which indicate cardiovascular health degradation. The apparent contrast between the small reconstruction error and the limit-of-agreement width owes to the fact that reconstruction errors manifest more prominently at the maxima and minima, which are relevant for SBP and DBP estimation. While the focus here was on SBD and DBP estimation, reconstructing the entire BP waveform enables the calculation of additional hemodynamic parameters.

Recent increase in awareness of the extent of microplastic contamination in marine and freshwater systems has heightened concerns over the ecological and human health risks of this ubiquitous material. Assessing risks posed by microplastic in freshwater systems requires sampling to establish contamination levels, but standard sampling protocols have yet to be established. An important question is whether sampling and assessment should focus on microplastic concentrations in the water or the amount deposited on the bed. On three dates, five replicated water and bed sediment samples were collected from each of the eight sites along the upper reach of the Semenyih River, Malaysia. Microplastics were found in all 160 samples, with mean concentrations of 3.12 ± 2.49 particles/L in river water and 6027.39 ± 16,585.87 particles/m2 deposited on the surface of riverbed sediments. Fibres were the dominant type of microplastic in all samples, but fragments made up a greater proportion of the material on the bed than in the water. Within-site variability in microplastic abundance was high for both water and bed sediments, and very often greater than between-site variability. Patterns suggest that microplastic accumulation on the bed is spatially variable, and single samples are therefore inadequate for assessing bed contamination levels at a site. Sites with the highest mean concentrations in samples of water were not those with the highest concentrations on the bed, indicating that monitoring based only on water samples may not provide a good picture of either relative or absolute bed contamination levels, nor the risks posed to benthic organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Owing to the gap between treatment supply and demand, there are long waiting periods for patients with binge eating disorder, and there is an urgent need to increase their access to specialized treatment. Guided self-help cognitive behavioral therapy–enhanced (CBT-E) may have great advantages for patients if its efficacy can be established. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of guided self-help CBT-E compared with that of a delayed-treatment control condition. Methods: A single-blind 2-arm randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate guided self-help CBT-E according to an intention-to-treat analysis. A total of 180 patients were randomly assigned to guided self-help CBT-E (n=90, 50%) or the delayed-treatment control condition (n=90, 50%) for which guided self-help CBT-E was provided after the initial 12-week delay. The primary outcome was reduction in binges. The secondary outcome was full recovery at the end of treatment, as measured using the Eating Disorder Examination during the last 4 weeks of treatment. A linear mixed model analysis was performed to compare treatment outcomes at the end of treatment. A second linear mixed model analysis was performed to measure between- and within-group effects for up to 24 weeks of follow-up. The Eating Disorder Examination–Questionnaire and clinical impairment assessment were conducted before and after treatment and during follow-up. In addition, dropout rates were assessed in both conditions. Results: During the last 4 weeks of treatment, objective binges reduced from an average of 19 (SD 16) to 3 (SD 5) binges, and 40% (36/90) showed full recovery in the guided self-help CBT-E group. Between-group effect size (Cohen d) was 1.0 for objective binges. At follow-up, after both groups received treatment, there was no longer a difference between the groups. Of the 180 participants, 142 (78.9%) completed treatment. The overall treatment dropout appeared to be associated with gender, level of education, and number of objective binges at baseline but not with treatment condition. Conclusions: This is the first study to investigate the efficacy of guided self-help CBT-E. Guided self-help CBT-E appeared to be an efficacious treatment. This study's findings underscore the international guidelines recommending this type of treatment for binge eating disorder. Trial Registration: Netherlands Trial Registry (NTR) NL7994; https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NL7994 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): RR2-10.1186/s12888-020-02604-1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: One of the main challenges of human resource management in hospitals is the proper distribution of nurses, which is necessary to improve the efficiency and quality of health services. In this review, this rate is compared in selected countries and Iran in order to provide the necessary evidence for managers and policymakers in human resource management Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a field review in 2019 with the aim of comparing the standards of nurse distribution to beds/wards in selected studies. The search was conducted with related keywords in "Scopus", "Web of Science", "PubMed" databases without a time limit. Results: The distribution of nursing per bed was reported in Australia, England, Northern Ireland, Wales, Israel, America, California, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. In Iran, the rate of nurses to intensive beds was slightly higher than the average and the ratio of nurses to ordinary and emergency beds was lower than the average of selected countries average. Conclusion: Nurses' distribution was generally lower than the average of other countries, and this ratio was lower in some sectors and higher than the average in some sectors. Recruitment and redistribution of the appropriate nurse in different sectors by benchmarking successful countries are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Normal tissue (NT) sparing by ultra‐high dose rate (UHDR) irradiations compared to conventional dose rate (CONV) irradiations while being isotoxic to the tumor has been termed "FLASH effect" and has been observed when large doses per fraction (d ≳ 5 Gy) have been delivered. Since hypofractionated treatment schedules are known to increase toxicities of late‐reacting tissues compared to normofractionated schedules for many clinical scenarios at CONV dose rates, we developed a formalism based on the biologically effective dose (BED) to assess the minimum magnitude of the FLASH effect needed to compensate the loss of late‐reacting NT sparing when reducing the number of fractions compared to a normofractionated CONV treatment schedule while remaining isoeffective to the tumor. Methods: By requiring the same BED for the tumor, we derived the "break‐even NT sparing weighting factor" WBE for the linear‐quadratic (LQ) and LQ‐linear (LQ‐L) models for an NT region irradiated at a relative dose r (relative to the prescribed dose per fraction d to the tumor). WBE was evaluated numerically for multiple values of d and r, and for different tumor and NT α/β‐ratios. WBE was compared against currently available experimental data on the magnitude of the NT sparing provided by the FLASH effect for single fraction doses. Results: For many clinically relevant scenarios, WBE decreases steeply initially for d > 2 Gy for late‐reacting tissues with (α/β)NT ≈ 3 Gy, implying that a significant NT sparing by the FLASH effect (between 15% and 30%) is required to counteract the increased radiobiological damage experienced by late‐reacting NT for hypofractionated treatments with d < 10 Gy compared to normofractionated treatments that are equieffective to the tumor. When using the LQ model with generic α/β‐ratios for tumor and late‐reacting NT of (α/β)T = 10 Gy and (α/β)NT = 3 Gy, respectively, most currently available experimental evidence about the magnitude of NT sparing by the FLASH effect suggests no net NT sparing benefit for hypofractionated FLASH radiotherapy (RT) in the high‐dose region when compared with WBE. Instead, clinical indications with more similar α/β‐ratios of the tumor and dose‐limiting NT toxicities [i.e., (α/β)T ≈ (α/β)NT], such as prostate treatments, are generally less penalized by hypofractionated treatments and need consequently smaller magnitudes of NT sparing by the FLASH effect to achieve a net benefit. For strongly hypofractionated treatments (>10–15 Gy/fraction), the LQ‐L model predicts, unlike the LQ model, a larger WBE suggesting a possible benefit of strongly hypofractionated FLASH RT, even for generic α/β‐ratios of (α/β)T = 10 Gy and (α/β)NT = 3 Gy. However, knowledge on the isoeffect scaling for high doses per fraction (≳10 Gy/fraction) and its modeling is currently limited and impedes accurate and reliable predictions for such strongly hypofractionated treatments. Conclusions: We developed a formalism that quantifies the minimal NT sparing by the FLASH effect needed to compensate for hypofractionation, based on the LQ and LQ‐L models. For a given hypofractionated UHDR treatment scenario and magnitude of the FLASH effect, the formalism predicts if a net NT sparing benefit is expected compared to a respective normofractionated CONV treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the concept of biologically effective dose (BED), the effect of sublethal DNA damage repair (SLR) on the bio-efficacy of prolonged radiotherapy treatments can be quantified (BED SLR ). Such treatments, lasting more than 20 min, are typically encountered in stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) applications using the CyberKnife (CK) and Gamma knife systems. Evaluating the plan data from 45 Vestibular Schwannoma (VS) cases treated with single fraction CK-SRS, this work demonstrates a statistically significant correlation between the marginal BEDSLR delivered to the target (m-BEDSLR) and the ratio of the mean collimator size weighted by the fraction of total beams delivered with each collimator ((&#95;w^m)Cs), to the tumor volume (Tv). The correlation between m-BEDSLR and (&#95;w^m)Cs/Tv datasets was mathematically expressed by the power function m-BED SLR = 85.21(±1.7%)∙((&#95;w^m)Cs/Tv)^((0.05±7%) ) enabling continuous m-BED SLR predictions. Using this formula, a specific range of m-BED SLR levels can a priori be targeted during treatment planning through proper selection of collimator size(s) for a given tumor volume. Inversely, for a selected set of collimators, the optimization range of m-BED SLR can be determined assuming that all beams are delivered with the smallest and largest collimator size. For single collimator cases or when the relative usage of each collimator size is known or estimated, a specific m-BED SLR level can be predicted within 3% uncertainty. The proposed equation is valid for the fixed CK collimators and a physical dose prescription (Dpr) of 13 Gy. For alternate Dpr in the range of 11 - 14 Gy, a linear relationship was found between relative changes of m-BED SLR (Dpr) and Dpr with respect to m-BED SLR (13Gy) and 13 Gy, respectively. The proposed methodology is simple and easy to implement in the clinical setting allowing for optimization of the treatment's bio-effectiveness, in terms of the delivered BED, during treatment planning., (© 2025 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.)

In this study, the behavior of a filter bed of stratified sedimentary rocks was evaluated through the analysis of turbidity removal efficiency and head losses. Two types of sands were used as materials, fine and medium, as well as crushed limestone. The materials were characterized to determine the average particle diameter, porosity, and permeability coefficient, obtaining respectively 0.17 mm, 0.39, and 1 × 10−3 cm/s for fine sand, 0.33 mm, 0.41, and 3 × 10−3 cm/s for medium sand, and 1.26 mm, 0.45, and 1 × 10−2 cm/s for crushed limestone. Hydrodynamic analyses of the clean filter under conditions of rapid filtration were carried out, by which the different rates of filtration to be used in each experiment were determined, establishing a direct correlation between the rate of filtration and the thickness of the bed; in this way, it was possible to determine the maximum bed thickness that could be used to maintain a rate of rapid filtration higher than 120 m/day. A hydrodynamic study with synthetic turbid water prepared at 8 NTU using tap water and bentonite was also carried out. Total head losses and turbidity removal were studied for each material at a rate of 153 m/day with removal efficiencies of 93.7% for medium sand with a loss of 23 cm and 67.8% for limestone with a loss of 4.5 cm and a rate of 389 m/day. It is recommended to use the medium sand and limestone type material for use in surface water filtration processes.

Abstract Background Inefficient mechanisms of emotional regulation appear essential in understanding the development and maintenance of binge-eating disorder (BED). Previous research focused mainly on a very limited emotion regulation strategies in BED, such as rumination, suppression, and positive reappraisal. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess a wider range of emotional regulation strategies (i.e. acceptance, refocusing on planning, positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, putting into perspective, self-blame, other-blame, rumination, and catastrophizing), as well as associations between those strategies and binge-eating-related beliefs (negative, positive, and permissive), and clinical variables (eating disorders symptoms, both anxiety, depressive symptoms, and alexithymia). Methods Women diagnosed with BED (n = 35) according to the DSM-5 criteria and healthy women (n = 41) aged 22–60 years were assessed using: the Eating Attitudes Test-26, the Eating Beliefs Questionnaire-18, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Statistical analyses included: Student t - tests or Mann–Whitney U tests for testing group differences between BED and HC group, and Pearson’s r coefficient or Spearman’s rho for exploring associations between the emotion regulation difficulties and strategies, and clinical variables and binge-eating-related beliefs in both groups. Results The BED group presented with a significantly higher level of emotion regulation difficulties such as: nonacceptance of emotional responses, lack of emotional clarity, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior, impulse control difficulties, and limited access to emotion regulation strategies compared to the healthy controls. Moreover, patients with BED were significantly more likely to use maladaptive strategies (rumination and self-blame) and less likely to use adaptive strategies (positive refocusing and putting into perspective). In the clinical group, various difficulties in emotion regulation difficulties occurred to be positively correlated with the level of alexithymia, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Regarding emotion regulation strategies, self-blame and catastrophizing were positively related to anxiety symptoms, but solely catastrophizing was related to the severity of eating disorder psychopathology. Conclusions Our results indicate an essential and still insufficiently understood role of emotional dysregulation in BED. An especially important construct in this context seems to be alexithymia, which was strongly related to the majority of emotion regulation difficulties. Therefore, it might be beneficial to pay special attention to this construct when planning therapeutic interventions, as well as to the maladaptive emotion regulation strategies self-blame and catastrophizing, which were significantly related to BED psychopathology.

La cama, como metáfora del cuerpo, presencia los momentos más íntimos del ser humano y es protagonista en sus fases vitales, del nacimiento a la muerte. Al pertenecer al ámbito doméstico, cuando este mueble es tratado en el arte no puede desligarse de una perspectiva de género subyacente, pues tradicionalmente dicho ámbito ha sido reconocido como femenino. Es la esfera del trabajo rutinario despreciado cuya relativa autonomía resulta necesario visibilizar en sintonía con la labor deconstructiva de los movimientos feministas hoy. Por ello, desde la Estética y la Teoría de las Artes abordaremos esta problemática dibujando una genealogía que ponga en valor nuestro enser como escenario de resistencia –un espacio de opresión pero a la vez una oportunidad creativa– a partir de artistas que se han dirigido de forma crítica la cama. Situaremos las muestras más destacadas al respecto y relacionaremos las piezas de las artistas que han empleado el lecho para expresar dicha urgencia. The bed, as support and allegory of the body, alludes to our original human dependence, having a central function in the definition of the domestic sphere. Hence, this piece of furniture makes an issue on the question of intimacy and acquires a marked gender connotation since this sphere has traditionally been recognized as feminine. The domestic is the place of rest and comfort, but also of despised routine work, to whose visibility the deconstructive task of art and feminist criticism has contributed. Therefore, from the Aesthetics and Theory of the Arts, we will analyze the main exhibitions and the artworks of women artists who have addressed the bed critically from different media. Our genealogy will mainly cover the 20th and 21st centuries to value the relevance of said furniture as an enabling limit –as an often oppressive and aestheticizing scenario, but at the same time prone to subversion and resignification.

Objective: The diversity in technical configuration between clinically available radiosurgery systems, results in accordingly diverse treatment times for the same physical dose prescription, spanning from several min to more than 1 h. This, combined with evidence supporting the impact of dose delivery temporal pattern on the bio-effectiveness of low-LET radiation treatments, challenges the 'acute exposure' assumption adopted clinically to estimate the biological outcome of a given treatment scheme under the concept of biologically effective dose (BED). Approach : In this work, the treatment plans of 30 patients underwent CyberKnife radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma (VS), prescribing a marginal dose of 13 Gy to the tumor, were retrospectively reviewed and the corresponding dose distributions were resolved in the temporal domain. For this purpose, the dose delivery timeline for each treatment was calculated based on relevant treatment plan data and technical specifications of the CyberKnife system, while dosimetry data were independently acquired on a CT-based digital model of each patient using an in-house developed dose calculation algorithm. Main results : Results showed that CyberKnife delivers highly inhomogeneous dose rate distributions in the temporo-spatial domain. This influences the delivered BED levels due to alterations in the sublethal damage repair (SLR) occurring within the treatment session. Using a BED framework involving SLR effects, it was shown that each physical dose iso-surface is associated with a BEDslr range. For the patient cohort studied, a typical range of 2%, with respect to the mean BEDslr value was found at 1 σ. Significance : The marginal BEDslr delivered to the tumor by the prescription dose iso-surface deteriorates with treatment time, involving both beam-on time and beam-off gaps. For treatment time, T, between 21 and 50 min, this can be expressed by BED slr (Gy 2.47) = − 0.35 ± 2.8 % ∙ T min + (76.74 ± 0.4 %). Compared to the acute exposure approach, a BED 'loss' of 21% is associated with the delivery of 13 Gy to the VS-tumor in 35 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Were included forty-six patients with 47 PCFM. • Mean marginal dose was 12.4 Gy (median 12, 12–14), mean target volume (TV) was 2.21 cc (range 0.3–8.9 cc) • Mean BED was 63.6 Gy (median 65, 49.1–88.3) • Overall tumor control rate was 93.6% • The highest probability of clinical improvement corresponded to a range of BED values between 56 and 61 Gy. Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKR) can be a valuable treatment option for posterior cranial fossa meningiomas (PCFM). We retrospectively analyzed outcomes of GKR for PCFM. Were included forty-six patients with 47 PCFM. Primary endpoint was tumor control. Secondary endpoint was clinical improvement. Biologically effective dose (BED) was evaluated in relationship to primary and secondary outcomes. Mean marginal dose was 12.4 Gy (median 12, 12–14). Mean BED was 63.6 Gy (median 65, 49.1–88.3). Mean target volume (TV) was 2.21 cc (range 0.3–8.9 cc). Overall tumor control rate was 93.6% (44/47) after mean follow-up of 47.8 months ± 28.46 months (median 45.5, range 6–108). Radiological progression-free survival at 5 years was 94%. Higher pretherapeutic TVs were predictive for higher likelihood of tumor progression (Odds ratio, OR 1.448, 95% confidence interval - CI 1.001–2.093, p = 0.049). At last clinical follow-up, 28 patients (71.8%) remained stable, 10 (25.6%) improved and 1 patient (2.6%) worsened. Using logistic regression, the relationship between BED and clinical improvement was assessed (OR 0.903, standard error 0.59, coefficient 0.79–1.027, CI −0.10; 0.01; p = 0.14). The highest probability of clinical improvement corresponded to a range of BED values between 56 and 61 Gy. Primary GKR for PCFM is safe and effective. Higher pretherapeutic TV was predictor of volumetric progression. Highest probability of clinical improvement might correspond to a range of BED values between 56 and 61 Gy, although this was not statistically significant. The importance of BED should be further validated in larger cohorts, other anatomical locations and other pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alongside the ongoing debate over whether the primary meaning of the Akkadian term ša rēši (lit. "he of the head") is "eunuch" or "courtier," various explanations for the origin of the term have been proposed. After reviewing the seven explanations encountered in the secondary literature, and assessing their respective strengths and weaknesses, this article makes a new proposal for the origin of the term, namely that it refers to the "head" of the king's bed. It is observed that this hypothesis is consistent: (i) with Akkadian terminology relating to parts of beds, which uses rēšu(m) to designate either a bed's top end generally or its "headboard" specifically; (ii) with the perception, visible in Babylonian ritual texts, of the bed as a place of potential danger to its occupant; and (iii) with the Akkadian literary expression mukīl rēši ("lit. keeper of the head") which, by analogy with well-attested expressions like mukīl bābi ("keeper of the gate") and mukīl appāti (lit. "keeper of the bridle"), is more likely to refer to an inanimate "head" than part of the human body. The possibility that the term ša rēš (šarri) is equivalent to the Greek term εὐνοῦχος, as argued for example by (Briant, P. 1996. Histoire de l'empire Perse. De Cyrus à Alexandre. Paris: Fayard. = Briant, Pierre. 2000. From Cyrus to Alexander. A History of the Persian Empire. Translated from the French by Peter T. Daniels. Winona Lake IN: Eisenbrauns), has been questioned by (Lenfant, D. 2012. "Ctesias and his Eunuchs a Challenge for Modern Historians." Histos 6: 257–97), but if the newly proposed origin of ša rēši is correct, it indirectly supports the case for an equivalency of the two terms: like εὐνοῦχος (lit. "bed-keeper"), ša rēši would literally refer to guardianship of the king's bed. The new proposal nevertheless has no bearing on the debate over whether ša rēši primarily designates "eunuch" or "courtier." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• The combined effect of radiosensitivity and dose heterogeneities on TCP is studied. • An analytical formula for the optimal, mean target dose is derived. • Under the condition of fixed BE D nom , TCP varies non-monotonically with number of fractions. • Lung SBRT with N f ⩽ 3 can result in a smaller TCP than that achieved with 5–10 fractions. To evaluate the combined effect of heterogeneous target dose and heterogeneous radiosensitivity on tumor control probability (TCP) for different number of fractions (N f). The linear-quadratic (LQ) model is employed to study dependence of TCP on N f under the condition of fixed nominal biologically effective dose (B E D nom). Formula for the optimum target dose which maximizes TCP under the condition BE D nom = c o n s t is analytically derived. It is shown that the dependence of TCP on N f is non-monotonic. In addition, the dependence of TCP on N f for different variances of the target dose and radiosensitivity of malignant cells is demonstrated by using numerical computations. It is shown that the optimum mean dose in the target is defined by the standard deviations of the target dose (σ D) and standard deviations of parameters alpha (σ α) and beta (σ β). The findings of this study indicate that hypofractionated regimens for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with N f ⩽ 3 can be radiobiologically inferior to the regimens with five or more fractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the proposal of a method to recognize emotional states through EEG analysis. The novelty of this work lies in its feature improvement strategy, based on multiclass genetic programming with multidimensional populations (M3GP), which builds features by implementing an evolutionary technique that selects, combines, deletes, and constructs the most suitable features to ease the classification process of the learning method. In this way, the problem data can be mapped into a more favorable search space that best defines each class. After implementing the M3GP, the results showed an increment of 14.76% in the recognition rate without changing any settings in the learning method. The tests were performed on a biometric EEG dataset (BED), designed to evoke emotions and record the cerebral cortex's electrical response; this dataset implements a low cost device to collect the EEG signals, allowing greater viability for the application of the results. The proposed methodology achieves a mean classification rate of 92.1%, and simplifies the feature management process by increasing the separability of the spectral features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]