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NA60+ is a fixed target experiment proposed in the framework of the Physics Beyond Colliders programme at CERN. It aims to precisely measure the hard and electromagnetic probes in nuclear collisions. Initially proposed for the underground cavern ECN3 with very high beam intensities, the experiment now foresees a location in the EHN1 surface hall which was shown to have a limited impact on the physics performance in spite of a significant reduction of beam intensity and detector size. The potential installation and operation of the experiment with the ion beams from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) has been examined regarding detector integration, beam physics, radiation protection and shielding requirements. The integration of the experiment is considered feasible, but would require a significant reconfiguration of the existing hall infrastructure with regards to shielding and layout., Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures, submitted to Nucl. Instr. Meth. A. Editor: A. Gerbershagen

This book is a brief exposition of the principles of beam physics and particle accelerators with emphasis on numerical examples employing readily available computer tools. Avoiding detailed derivations, we invite the reader to use general high-end languages such as Mathcad and Matlab, as well as specialized particle accelerator codes (e.g. MAD, WinAgile, Elegant, and others) to explore the principles presented. This approach allows the student to readily identify relevant design parameters and their scaling and easily adapt computer input files to other related situations.

This book is a brief exposition of the principles of beam physics and particle accelerators with emphasis on numerical examples employing readily available computer tools. Avoiding detailed derivations, we invite the reader to use general high-end languages such as Mathcad and Matlab, as well as specialized particle accelerator codes (e.g. MAD, WinAgile, Elegant, and others) to explore the principles presented. This approach allows the student to readily identify relevant design parameters and their scaling and easily adapt computer input files to other related situations.

The radial control of high current ion beams from induction accelerators or generated by short pulsed intense laser-plasma interactions is generally limited by Coulomb repulsion of the ion beam. In this dissertation, we investigate a novel focusing technique for the radial control of intense ion beams. The concept envisions using a stack of thin, closely spaced conducting foils to mitigate defocusing self-electric forces to enable self-magnetic forces to focus.The ion beam must be energetic enough to penetrate the stack of foils with limited beam degradation from scattering and energy loss. We study beam focusing and scattering and find constraints on the design and performance of such a passive lens.We further investigate the effects of secondary electrons generated by the impact of ions on foils and show the importance of secondary electrons whose velocity is higher than the ion beam velocity. In this case, current neutralization could exceed charge neutralization, i.e., the self-magnetic focusing would be reduced more than the self-electric defocusing, producing a net defocusing force on the ion beam.A statistical envelope model is developed and its predictions are compared to those of the PIC simulation code WARP.An ion beam focused by the stack of thin foils may have potential applications to research fields requiring intense beams, e.g., nuclear fusion, tumor therapy or high energy density laboratory physics. We provide in the appendix an analysis of the expansion of a thin foil heated to the warm dense matter (WDM) regime which can be reached by such beams.

This report is a summary of two preparatory workshops, documenting the community vision for the national accelerator and beam physics research program. It identifies the Grand Challenges of accelerator and beam physics (ABP) field and documents research opportunities to address these Grand Challenges. This report will be used to develop a strategic research roadmap for the field of accelerator science.

The electron lens in the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) will enable new research in nonlinear integrable optics, space-charge compensation, electron cooling, and the stability of intense beams. This research addresses scientific questions on high-brightness beams and operational challenges of high-power accelerators for nuclear and particle physics. We review the roles that electron lenses play in this field and the physical principles behind their applications. The design criteria and specifications for the IOTA storage ring and electron lens are then discussed. We conclude with a description of the components of the apparatus.

The physics goals of high luminosity particle accelerators, from LHC to HL-LHC and to the next generation of lepton colliders, have set quite stringent constraints on the future needs at the Instrumentation Frontier. Many technologies are reaching their sensitivity limit and new approaches need to be developed to overcome the currently irreducible technological challenges. The timescales spanned by future projects in particle physics, ranging from few years to many decades, constitute a challenge in itself, in addition to the complexity and diversity of the required accelerator and detector R&D. This paper summarizes advances and recent trends in the instrumentation techniques for particle physics experiments, largely based on the presentations given at the International Conference "Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics" (INSTR-20), held at BINP Novosibirsk, Russia, from 24 to 28 February, 2020., 45 pages, 17 figures. This paper summarizes advances and recent trends in the instrumentation techniques for particle physics experiments, largely based on the presentations given at the International Conference "Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics" (INSTR-20), held at BINP Novosibirsk, Russia, from 24 to 28 February, 2020

Since the initial development of charged particle colliders in the middle of the 20th century, these advanced scientific instruments have been at the forefront of scientific discoveries in high energy physics. Collider accelerator technology and beam physics have progressed immensely and modern facilities now operate at energies and luminosities many orders of magnitude greater than the pioneering colliders of the early 1960s. In addition, the field of colliders remains extremely dynamic and continues to develop many innovative approaches. Indeed, several novel concepts are currently being considered for designing and constructing even more powerful future colliders. In this paper, we first review the colliding beam method and the history of colliders, and then present the major achievements of operational machines and the key features of near-term collider projects that are currently under development. We conclude with an analysis of numerous proposals and studies for far-future colliders. The evaluation of their respective potentials reveals tantalizing prospects for further significant breakthroughs in the collider field., Comment: 65pages including references, 42 figures

Some methods of increasing the efficiency of computational processes are considered in the paper by the example of modeling particle beam control systems.Objective: Improving the efficiency of classical and computer simulation methods for particle beam dynamics in particle accelerators.Methods: The methods used are based on theoretical concepts of beam physics, computational methods, and specialized software.Conclusions: Software for optimizing particle dynamics in accelerator systems has been built and verified.

China Accelerator Driven Subcritical System (C-ADS) program was launched in China in 2011, which aims to design and build an ADS demonstration facility with the capability of more than 10 MW thermal power in multiple phases lasting about 20 years. In the first phase, a demo linac has been constructed and commissioned successfully to demonstrate the key technologies of the high-power CW mode superconducting linac. Followed the China ADS roadmap, a superconducting driver linac with 500MeV and 5mA proton beam is designed for the second phase of China Initiative Accelerator Driven Subcritical System (CiADS) program. The commissioning results of the China ADS 25 MeV demo linac and the RAMI oriented beam physics design of CiADS linac are presented in this paper., Proceedings of the 14th Int. Conf. on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology, HIAT2018, Lanzhou, China

Technology borrowed from electron accelerator and beam physics looks set to push the performance of ultrafast-electron-diffraction-based pump–probe studies of matter.

Fermilab’s Accelerator Physics Center (APC) was created in June 2007 with mission to carry out research and development to keep the US leading high-energy physics laboratory at the forefront of accelerator science, technology and facility operation. In support of the FNAL high-energy physics research mission, APC scientists and enginners conducted accelerator RD provided accelerator physics support for existing operational programs and the evolution thereof; trained accelerator scientists and engineer and established experimental programs for a broad range of accelerator R&D that can be accessed by both Fermilab staff and the US and world HEP community. APC was a center-place for in-depth design, research and development efforts which allowed the Laboratory to make intelligent decisions on the ILC in the US, on the Muon Collider, as well as originate projects like PIP-II (through the Proton Driver/Project-X work), LHC-AUP (via LARP) and the IOTA/FAST R&D facility. APC was also the birthplace and host of many national and international collaborations and several educational/training programs in beam physics resulted in 27 PhD theses. In the Fall 2018, following an important milestone of the first beam circulating in the IOTA ring, the APC was re-organized into several departments in Accelerator Division, charged to carry out the accelerator physics research with IOTA/FAST beams and making it relevant for future upgrades of the Fermilab accelerator complex.

The evolution of computational physics over the last 30 years has been frighteningly fast, and the change has affected every aspect of the trade, including education, hardware, operating systems, languages, methodologies, standards, available libraries, information sharing, teaming, management, and specialization. This talk will concentrate on those changes to computational plasma and beam physics and engineering that result from the increasing specialization of the field, for which computationalists now typically concentrate on the computer science aspects, on the applied math issues. on the science implementation, or on science discovery.

Both radioactive nuclear beam physics and nuclear astrophysics are the frontiers in basic research of physics, which promote the development of radioactive nuclear beam facilities. Here we briefly introduce radioactive nuclear beam physics and nuclear astrophysics, and compare the isotope separation on line (ISOL) and projectile fragmentation (PF) methods to produce radioactive nuclear beams. In addition, we review the pre-existing ISOL-type facilities and introduce Beijing radioactive ion facility (BRIF) and its perspective in basic research of nuclear physics.

This book is a brief exposition of the principles of beam physics and particle accelerators with emphasis on numerical examples employing readily available computer tools. Avoiding detailed derivations, we invite the reader to use general high-end languages such as Mathcad and Matlab, as well as specialized particle accelerator codes (e.g. MAD, WinAgile, Elegant, and others) to explore the principles presented. This approach allows the student to readily identify relevant design parameters and their scaling and easily adapt computer input files to other related situations.

The electromagnetic field generated by a high-current, relativistic beam of charged particles plays an important role in beam dynamics. On the one hand, the force exerted on the beam by this field can lead to beam instabilities and a deterioration of its properties in the process of beam generation, acceleration and transport. On the other hand, this field induces currents and charges in the beam environment that can be used for diagnostic purposes. Hence calculation of this field and the forces associated with it constitutes an essential part of beam physics for accelerators.

The 5 MW proton beam to be delivered to the ESS spallation target must be tuned to its nominal value and controlled at all times. To achieve this, a suite of beam diagnostics has been proposed and is currently been designed. It is located in two plugs, the Proton Beam Window (PBW) plug and the Proton Beam Instrumentation Plug (PBIP). Here we present the design concept for the PBIP imposed by the beam physics requirements as well as by the high power target environment, i.e. material lifetime, remote handling and waste management.

During the last 36 years researchers have suggested and evaluated a large number of target designs for heavy ion inertial fusion. The different target designs can be classified according to their mode of ignition, their method of implosion, and their size. Ignition modes include hot-spot ignition and fast ignition. Methods of implosion include direct drive and indirect drive. Historically there has been significant work on indirectly driven targets with hot-spot ignition. Recently there has been increasing interest in directly driven targets with ion driven fast ignition. In principle, fast ignition might lead to improved target performance. On the other hand, fast ignition imposes stringent requirements on accelerators and beam physics. Furthermore, fast ignition magnifies the importance of a number of traditional target physics issues associated with ion beam energy deposition and fuel preheat. This paper will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the various classes of targets. It will also discuss some issues that must be resolved to assess the feasibility of ion fast ignition.

A novel concept for a structure-based collinear two-beam accelerator is described. By employing a structure composed of multi-harmonic detuned cavities, this new accelerator can provide a high acceleration gradient with a high transformer ratio and a low breakdown probability. An experimental research project, with theoretical and computational support, is being conducted at the Yale University Beam Physics Laboratory. Furthermore, this project will support construction of a unique university-based facility for exploring a range of beam-driven acceleration ideas, including plasma and dielectric wakefield concepts.

A proposed compact ERL test facility at THEP, Beijing, is presented in this paper, and includes the design parameters, the essential lattice, and the key components features, such as the photocathode DC gun and the CW superconducting accelerating structures. Some important beam physics issues such as the space charge effect, the coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) effect and the beam break-up (BBU) effect are briefly described with the simulation results.

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) study aims at the development of a Multi-TeV e+ e-collider. The micro-precision CLIC structures will have an accelerating gradient of 100 MV/m and will be aligned on so-called girders. The girder construction constrains are mainly dictated by the beam physics and RF requirements. The study of such girders is a challenging case involving material choice, mechanical design as well as prototype fabrication and experimental testing.