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Delo opisuje, kaj so biološki pufri, kakšne lastnosti imajo, njihovo kemijsko sestavo, kako jih lahko pridobimo ter za katere pogoje so najprimernejši. Opisano je tudi, kako pufri in pH vplivajo na lastnosti proteinov ter kako vplivajo na rastlinske in živalske sisteme. Proteini se spreminjajo ali celo denaturirajo pri različnih pH da bi jih ohranili pri pravem pH, lahko uporabimo pufre. Pufri so pomembni za pravilno delovanje skoraj vseh organizmov ter jih velikokrat uporabljamo v laboratorijih za ohranjanje pH pri želeni vrednosti. This work describes what biological buffers are, what properties they have, their chemical structure, how we obtain them and under what type of conditions they work best. It also describes how buffers and pH affect protein properties and how they affect plant and animal systems. Proteins are altered or even denatured at different pH, buffers can be used to maintain them at the right pH. Buffers are important for the proper functioning of almost all organisms and are often used in laboratories to maintain the pH at the desired value.

Cilj ovog istraživanja je bilo da se ispitaju efekti primene onlajn materijala za učenje o protolitičkoj teoriji u prvom razredu gimnazije. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na 130 učenika prvog razreda dve gimnazije. Instrumenti korišćeni u istraživanju su ulazni test, kojim se proveravalo prethodno znanje učenika o kiselinama i bazama, izlazni test, kojim se proveravala uspešnost usvajanja gradiva o protolitičkoj teoroji pomoću onlajn materijala i upitnik za ispitivanje učeničkih stavova. Svim učesnicima istraživanja je bio dostavljen onlajn materijal identičnog sadržaja, ali na jeziku na kojem prate nastavu hemije (srpski i slovački), u okviru kojeg su usvajali znanja o protolitičkoj teoriji sopstvenim tempom kroz male porcije gradiva, praćene zadacima za utvrđivanje. Iz inicijalnog testa se uviđa da obe grupe učenika imaju predznanje o kiselinama i bazama. Rezultati izlaznog testa sugerišu se da je grupa Gimnazije Uroš Predić postigla bolje rezultate nakon korišćenja onlajn materijala, nego što je tu slučaj kod ispitanika iz uzorka koji pohađaju Gimnaziju Mihajlo Pupin.

V tomto článku jsou vyřešeny vybrané úlohy z učebnice R. H. Wassermana Tensors and Manifolds [1]. První část problémů se týká ekvivalentních definic pojmů z lincární algebry, druhá část je zaměřena na důkaz nespočetnosti báze prostoru lincárních forem a třetí část je věnována ekvivalenci reprezentací lincárních zobrazení.

The paper deals with intensifying (expletive) insertion reminiscent of infixation (debatable in English). The inserted intensifiers placed inside the base are (unlike infixes) free morphemes producing what have been called “un-bloody-likely” words which contravene the presumably universally valid uninterruptibility criterion defining the word. The paper, drawing on literature, web search and the analysis of a sample of attested intensified words (Vojtěch 2019), describes the properties of the base and the intensifier (expletive) and the principles governing the placement of the intensifier.

Background/Aim. Dental impressions present a negative imprint of intraoral tissues of a patient which is, by pouring in gypsum, transferred extraorally on the working cast. Casting an accurate and precise working cast presents the first and very important step, since each of the following stages contributes to the overall error of the production process, which can lead to inadequately fitting dental restorations. The aim of this study was to promote and test a new model and technique for in vitro evaluation of the dental impression accuracy, as well as to asses the dimensional stability of impression material depending on the material bulk, and its effect on the accuracy of working casts. Methods. Impressions were made by the monophasic technique using the experimental master model. Custom trays with spacing of 1, 2 and 3 mm were constructed by rapid prototyping. The overall of 10 impressions were made with each custom tray. Working casts were made with gypsum type IV. Measurement of working casts was done 24 h later using a coordinate measuring machine. Results. The obtained results show that the working casts of all the three custom trays were in most cases significantly different in the transversal and sagittal planes in relation to the master model. The height of abutments was mainly unaffected. The degree of convergence showed certain significance in all the three custom trays, most pronounced in the tray with 3 mm spacing. Conclusion. The impression material bulk of 1-3 mm could provide accurate working casts when using the monophasic impression technique. The increase of the distance between abutment teeth influences the accuracy of working casts depending on the material bulk., Uvod/Cilj. Otisak predstavlja negativ intraoralnih tkiva, čijim se izlivanjem u gipsu njihova morfologija prenosi ekstraoralno na budući radni model. Sa laboratorijskog aspekta izrade zubnih nadoknada, izlivanje tačnog i preciznog radnog modela predstavlja prvi i veoma bitan korak, pošto svaka sledeća faza doprinosi daljem povećanju greške tokom izrade, što za krajnji ishod može imati neodgovarajuću zubnu nadoknadu. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ispitaju novi model i tehnika za in vitro procenu preciznosti zubnih otisaka, kao i da se odredi uticaj količine otisnog materijala na dimenzionu stabilnost otisaka i preciznost izrade radnih modela. Metode. Za uzimanje otisaka korišćena je monofazna tehnika otiskivanja. Individualne kašike sa međuprostorom od 1, 2 i 3 mm napravljene su aditivnom tehnologijom za brzu izradu prototipova. Sa svakom kašikom napravljeno je po 10 otisaka. Radni modeli izlivani su u gipsu tipa IV. Merenje radnih modela vršeno je nakon 24 sata na koordinatnoj mernoj mašini. Rezultati. Rezultati pokazuju da radni modeli napravljeni pomoću sve tri individulane kašike u transverzalnoj i sagitalnoj ravni značajno odstupaju od glavnog dela modela. Visina patrljaka je u većini slučajeva bila kao na glavnom modelu. Stepen konvergencije pokazao je određena odstupanja samo kod kašike sa međuprostorom od 3 mm. Zaključak. Monofazna tehnika otiskivanja i otisni materijal debljine od 1 do 3 mm obezbeđuju izradu preciznih radnih modela. Rastojanje između zubnih patrljaka utiče na preciznost izrade radnih modela u zavisnosti od količine otisnog materijala.

Bakalaura darba temats „Zemesgrāmatu valsts nodevu principi” ir izvēlēts ar mērķi izpētīt tādas valsts nodevas tiesisko regulējumu, kas iekasējama par pirkuma ceļā iegūta nekustamā īpašuma tiesību nostiprināšanu zemesgrāmatā. Darbā apskatīts nodevas tiesību normu saturs, piemērošanas kārtība, fiskālā un sociālā ietekme. Tiek pētīta nodevas izcelsme un pielietojums citu valstu tiesību sistēmās salīdzinājumā ar Latvijas vēsturisko un aktuālo regulējumu, kā arī pārbaudīta nodevas likmes un bāzes atbilstība apliekamā notikuma būtībai. Darbā tiek izvirzīta tēze, ka nodevas patiesā jēga nav atlīdzība par valsts nodrošināto īpašuma tiesību nostiprināšanas pakalpojumu, bet gan nekustamā īpašuma pirkuma darījuma taksēšana ar fiskālu mērķi. Tādējādi izdarāms secinājums, ka nodeva ir īpašuma pārejas nodoklis. Efektīvākai valsts mērķu sasniegšanai nodevas regulējums ir grozāms, vienlaicīgi pienācīgi nodrošinot indivīdu cieņu, tiesības un nodokļu piemērošanas taisnīgumu. Atlīdzība par administratīvo nostiprināšanas pakalpojumu ir atdalāma no darījumu apriti regulējoša nodokļa. Tiek izvērtēta nodevas esošā bāze un sniegta argumentācija uzskatam, ka nav ekonomiska un taisnīga pamata kadastrālās vērtības izmantošanai par nodevas bāzi. Tās vietā būtu taksējama tikai pirkuma darījuma patiesā vērtība. Papildus nodevas un nodokļa materiālo tiesību normu analizēšanai tiek veikta esošā un ierosinātā regulējuma kā pamattiesību ierobežojuma konstitucionālās atbilstības pārbaude., The topic of the bachelor’s thesis „The Principles of Determination of the Land Register Duties” has been selected to explore the legal framework of state duty chargeable for registration of real estate acquired by purchase. The thesis examines the content, application procedure, as well as fiscal and social impact of the state duty. The origin and application of the duty in other states is studied and compared to the Latvian historical and current legal framework, the compliance of the duty’s rate and basis to the nature of the chargeable event is tested. The thesis argues that the true purpose of the state duty is not consideration for the state provided service of entering the property rights, but rather taxing the conveyance of real estate with a fiscal purpose. Thus, it can be concluded that the duty is a transfer tax. To effectively achieve national goals while ensuring the dignity and rights of individuals and fairness of taxation, the regulation of the duty should be amended. The consideration for the administrative service of registration should be separated from the tax which regulates the movement of transactions. The existing basis of the duty is evaluated, and argumentation provided that there are no economical and fair grounds for use of cadastral value as the basis of the duty. Instead, only the fair value of the purchase transaction should be taxed. In addition to the analysis of duty and tax substantial law, the constitutional conformity of the current and proposed regulation as a restriction of fundamental rights is reviewed.

Glavni cilj završnog rada bio je izrada samostalne web aplikacije za dijeljenje podataka i suradnju. Korisnicima je kroz korištenje aplikacije osiguran pristup i privatnost, te je samo korištenje aplikacije dosta intuitivno. U svijetu gdje sve vrvi od malicioznih programa i nesigurnosti tokom surfanja internetom, sigurnost je prilikom izrade bila na prvom mjestu. Teorijski dio rada ukratko opisuje glavne alate i tehnologije korištene pri izradi, te arhitekturalni koncept i smjer u kojem se razvoj aplikacije kretao. Praktični dio je posvećen prikazu načina implementacije prilikom razvoja, uz objašnjenja zašto i na koji način je izabran taj način implementacije u odnosu na druge. Unatoč tome što je aplikacija funkcionalna, za današnje standarde i korisnikove potrebe, koje rastu nekontroliranom brzinom, moglo bi se reći da je aplikacija tek u povojima. The main purpose of this paper was to develop self sustaining Internet application for sharing files between users, and to provide additional collaboration. Through using this application, users are guaranteed security and privacy, also, navigating and using this application is intuitive. In the world, where Internet dangers are lurking everywhere, from malicious programs to insecurity of suring through the Internet, implementing security was of the utmost importance. Theoretical part of this paper shortly describes main tools and technologies which were used while developing the application, it also describes architectural concept and general direction in which development of the application was going. Practical part is dedicated to displaying different ways of implementations through development, with clarifications why and in what way was that exact implementation used compared to others. In spite of application being fully functional, nowadays, standards and user needs are growing uncontrollably, it could be said that this application is in very early stages of its lifecycle.

Tema ovog završnog rada je web aplikacija s pripadnom bazom podataka koja će omogućiti registriranim korisnicima poklanjanje predmeta. Zadatak je ostvaren korištenjem MariaDB sustava za upravljanjem bazama podataka, programskog jezika PHP te njegovog radnog okvira Laravel za izradu poslužiteljskog dijela sustava. Za izradu korisničkog sučelja upotrijebljen je HTML, CSS, Javascript, JQuery i BootStrap. Sve tehnologije te programski jezici koji su korišteni analizirani su i opisani . Prikazana je arhitektura sustava i struktura baze podataka. Kroz obrasce uporabe su prikazane funkcionalnosti za pojedinu vrstu korisnika. The theme of this final work is a web application with the appropriate database that will allow registered users to give items for free. The task was implemented using the MariaDB database management system. PHP programming language and PHP framework Laravel to create the server part of the system. HTML, CSS, Javascript, JQuery and BootStrap were used to create the user interface. All the technologies and programming languages used were analyzed and described. The architecture of the system and database structure is shown. The functionalities for each type of user were described using use cases.

Darbo tikslas – naudojant radialinės bazės funkcijų neuroninį tinklą optimizuoti periodinį su pamaitinimu biotechnologinį procesą. Darbe analizuojamas biotechnologinių procesų modeliavimas taikant medžiagų masės balansą bei technologinių parametrų optimizavimas, dirbtinių neuroninių tinklų struktūra, jų veikimas ir pritaikymas. Analizuojamas straipsnyje aprašytas periodinis su pamaitinimu biotechnologinis procesas. Darbe buvo sudarytas periodinio su pamaitinimu biotechnologinio proceso imitacinis modelis ir gauti modeliavimo rezultatai, kurių metu naudojamas Pontriagino maksimumo principu apskaičiuotas optimalus pamaitinimo profilis. Optimalus pamaitinimo profilis pakeičiamas į radialinės bazės funkcijų neuroninį tinklą. Šešiais skirtingais atvejais atliekamas neuroninio tinklo optimizavimas taikant evoliucinį optimizavimo metodą, kurio tikslo funkcija – maksimalus galutinio produkto (baltymų) kiekis biotechnologinio proceso pabaigoje. Visais nagrinėtais optimizavimo atvejais gauti būsenos kintamųjų x, s ir px trajektorijų nuokrypiai galiniuose taškuose, palyginti su referenciniais duomenimis, yra mažesni už realiame procese matuojamų biomasės ir substrato koncentracijų bei tikslinio baltymo aktyvumo matavimo tikslumą (~10%). Tyrimo rezultatai demonstruoja, kad taikant parametrinio optimizavimo metodiką ir radialinės bazės funkcijų tinklą nagrinėtame biotechnologiame procese gaunami optimizavimo rezultatai, analogiški referenciniams duomenims. Taip dar kartą patvirtinamas abiejų metodikų rezultatų teisingumas ir atitikimas eksperimentiškai gautiems duomenims., Project‘s goal is to optimize fed-batch biotechnological process using radial basis function network. The work examines modeling of mass balance based biotechnological processes, optimization of technological parameters, structure, application and operation of artificial neural networks. Paper on fed-batch biotechnological process is analyzed. The work consists of fed-batch process imitation model where Pontriagin‘s principle of maximum is used to calculate optimal feeding profile. Later optimal feeding profile is substituted with approximation of radial basis function neural network. Neural network is optimized in six different cases, using evolutionary optimization method. Methods goal function is to maximize the ammount of product (protein) at the end of cultivation process. In all of the cases, state variables x, s and px deviations of trajectories in process ending points, in comparison with reference data, are less than 10% which is the accuracy of measurements in real biotechnological process of biomass, substrate concentration and specific protein activity. Research results show that using parametric optimization method and radial basis function network, optimization results are analogical to reference data. This confirms that results obtained from both methodologies match experimental data and are correct.

Complex moments have been successfully applied to pattern detection tasks in two-dimensional real, complex, and vector valued functions. In this paper, we review the different bases of rotational moment invariants based on the generator approach with complex monomials. We analyze their properties with respect to independence, completeness, and existence and present superior bases that are optimal with respect to all three criteria for both scalar and vector fields.

The thesis investigates the pricing efficiency of the commonly used cost of carry model in pricing stock index futures and its applicability on the German blue-chip index DAX and related futures contracts in recent years. The work considers the deviations of the observed futures prices from their theoretical counterparts as well as the fitness of the model through regression analysis. The results show that while there are many deviations from the fair values suggested by the model these are small in magnitude when compared with the potential transaction costs implying the contracts are efficiently priced. It is confirmed that there is a cointegrating relationship between futures and spot index values, however, given the regression analysis results the prices do not entirely follow the model design. The other part of the analysis focuses on the behaviour of the basis throughout the life of the relevant futures contracts. The results suggest that there is indeed a decreasing tendency towards the expiration of a contract, nevertheless, it is subject to considerable fluctuations. The paper also documents other factors that might impact stock index futures prices yet not included in the standard pricing formula. JEL Classification C12, C14, C22, G13 Keywords stock index futures, futures pricing , cost of carry,...

U radu je prikazan koncept projektantskog alata inteligentnog sustava koji obradom raspoloživih baza podataka s rezultatima provedenih ispitivanja na aerodromima nudi optimalna tehnička rješenja generirana kao baze znanja. Primjer provjere stanja rasvjete aerodromske platforme inteligentnim sustavom, ponudio je projekt rekonstrukcije prema zadanim parametrima i ograničenjima. Iz baze podataka o redovnom održavanju, provjerama, mjerenjima i inspekcijskim nadzorima utvrđeno je stvarno stanje svih vitalnih komponenti sustava rasvjete platforme. Odluka o projektiranju, nadzoru i daljnjem održavanju povjerena je inteligentnom sustavu. Generirana rješenja dobivena iz inteligentnog sustava ukazala su na potrebu novog pristupa u projektiranja s unaprijeđenim održavanjem koje mora uključiti ispitivanje, odnosno mjerenje rasvijetljenosti aerodromske platforme kao dijela sustava svjetlosne signalizacije. Zaključak je da je taj posao nužno povjeriti specijalistima jer je potrebna sveobuhvatnost ispitivanja, prikupljanja, obrade i tumačenja relevantnih podataka.

Otapalo je tekuća tvar koja otapa drugu krutu, plinovitu ili tekuću tvar. Organska otapala su sve organske tvari i spojevi u kojima se može nešto otopiti. Pod organskim tvarima smatraju se tvari na bazi ugljika, tj. one tvari koje sadrže ugljik u svojoj molekularnoj strukturi. Neka karakteristična, najčešće korištena organska otapala su: etanol, kloroform, parafinsko ulje, jestivo ulje, metanol, benzen, vosak, aceton itd. Anorganska nevodena otapala, su anorganske tvari u kojima se, bilo na sobnim uvjetima ili na nekim drugim, mogu otopiti neke druge tvari. Primjeri nevodenih otopina su: amonijak, sumporna kiselina, didušikov tetraoksid, itd. Mnoga od njih, unatoč svojim korisnim svojstvima, imaju štetna djelovanja, kako na okoliš tako i na čovjeka.

U ovom diplomskom radu proučavamo razne definicije pojma matroida. Za definicije koje su međusobno ekvivalentne, ali ta ekvivalencija nije očita, kažemo da su kriptomorfne. Za matroid M definiramo sedam ključnih pojmova: nezavisni skupovi, baze, ciklusi, funkcija ranga, ravnine, hiperravnine i operator zatvarača. Najprije definiramo matroid preko nezavisnih skupova i upoznajemo matroide nastale iz matrica i iz grafova. Zatim uspostavljamo kriptomorfizam između nezavisnih skupova i baza i na taj način pokazujemo da matroid možemo definirati i preko baza. Navodimo i kriptomorfizme između nezavisnih skupova i ciklusa, između nezavisnih skupova i funkcije ranga, funkcije ranga i operatora zatvarača, ravnina i operatora zatvarača, ravnina i hiperravnina. Uspostavljanjem kriptomorfizma između tih pojmova pokazujemo da se svaki od tih pojmova može koristiti kao polazište u definiranju matroida. U posljednjem poglavlju, nezavisne skupove matroida definiramo preko greedy algoritma. Ta veza daje nam dodatan uvid u važnost i posebnost matroida. This thesis is a study of various definitions of matroids. Definitions that are equivalent, but the equivalence is not obvious, are called cryptomorphic. For the matroid M the following seven key concepts are defined: independent sets, bases, cycles, rank function, planes, hyperplanes and closure operator. First we define matroids in terms of independent sets and elaborate matroids coming from matrices and graphs. Then, we explain cryptomorphism between independent sets and bases, thus showing that a matroid can be defined in terms of bases. Next, cryptomorphisms between independent sets and cycles, between independent sets and rank function, rank function and closure operator, planes and closure operator, planes and hyperplanes are established. By establishing cryptomorphisms between these concepts it is shown that each of them can be used as a starting point in defining matroids. In the last chapter, independent sets of matroids are defined through the greedy algorithm. This connection gives us further insight into the importance and uniqueness of matroids.

English as an analytic language particularly poor in inflections and relatively poor in derivational suffixes does not often mark word classes by specific morphemes. On the contrary, one form of a word can be used in several grammatical functions, and an identical word form can have several meanings in several word classes. The frequent occurrence of conversion between word classes thus allows one form, often the base or simplest one, to perform several roles, and, at the same time, makes identification of its grammatically and semantically defined word class difficult, especially in multiword phrases functioning as a whole. The most frequent type of a noun phrase, Attr+N phrase, can thus be realised in several ways, with different word classes performing the function of syntactic attribute. This paper looks into a less frequent subtype of this phrase in English, one which uses semantically (de)verbal attribute, and tries to establish rules governing the choice between the two main options, using either the base form or a derived one (e.g., call centre vs. writing paper). Shedding light on this issue has practical application in mastering appropriate formation as well as correct understanding of English multiword phrases or terms (mostly nominal), which is an important skill in a non-native environment (especially in EAP) where English is used as a lingua franca. Angličtina jako analytický jazyk, který je velmi chudý na gramatické koncovky a nedisponuje ani mnoha odvozovacími příponami, často nenaznačuje slovní druh specifickými morfémy. Naopak, jedna forma slova může být užita v několika gramatických funkcích a identický tvar slova může mít několik významů v různých slovních druzích. Častý výskyt kconverze mezi slovními druhy tedy umožňuje, aby jeden tvar slova, často ten základní, zastával několik rolí, a současně tak komplikuje identifikaci jeho gramatické a sémantické funkce, a to zejména ve víceslovných frázích. Nejčastější typ jmenné fráze, Attr+N, tak může být tvořena několika způsoby, přičemž syntaktický atribut je realizován různými slovními druhy. Tento text se zabývá méně častým podtypem této fráze v angličtině, která používá sémanticky (de)verbální atribut, a snaží se definovat pravidla, jež řídí výběr ze dvou hlavních možností, a to ze základního, anebo z odvozeného (sufixovaného) tvaru (např. call centre vs. writing paper). Osvětlení tohoto problému má praktické využití při zvládnutí náležité slovotvorby stejně jako pro správné pochopení anglických víceslovných frází či termínů (většinou jmenných), což je důležitá dovednost v prostředí, kde se angličtina používá jako tzv. lingua franca. English as an analytic language particularly poor in inflections and relatively poor in derivational suffixes does not often mark word classes by specific morphemes. On the contrary, one form of a word can be used in several grammatical functions, and an identical word form can have several meanings in several word classes. The frequent occurrence of conversion between word classes thus allows one form, often the base or simplest one, to perform several roles, and, at the same time, makes identification of its grammatically and semantically defined word class difficult, especially in multiword phrases functioning as a whole. The most frequent type of a noun phrase, Attr+N phrase, can thus be realised in several ways, with different word classes performing the function of syntactic attribute. This paper looks into a less frequent subtype of this phrase in English, one which uses semantically (de)verbal attribute, and tries to establish rules governing the choice between the two main options, using either the base form or a derived one (e.g., call centre vs. writing paper). Shedding light on this issue has practical application in mastering appropriate formation as well as correct understanding of English multiword phrases or terms (mostly nominal), which is an important skill in a non-native environment (especially in EAP) where English is used as a lingua franca.

Látka je rozčleněna do sedmi kapitol s cílem podat ucelený výklad základů lineární funkcionální analýzy, který čtenáři umožní hlouběji pochopit matematickou podstatu a usnadnit tak následné studium podle aplikačního zaměření. Text je dále doplněn šesti přílohami, kde jsou některé vybrané partie podrobněji rozvedeny a případně ilustrovány vybranými aplikačními příklady pocházejícími převážně z oblasti číslicového zpracování signálů. The textbook is divided into seven chapters with the aim to provide a comprehensive treatise of the fundamentals of linear functional analysis in order to assist the reader in his in-depth understanding of mathematical foundations needed for his subsequent specialized study in the application field of interest. The text is supplemented by six appendices, where selected topics are treated in more detail and/or illustrated by some selected examples mostly arising in the signal processing.

Na primjeru cjeline Kiseline, baze, soli za 2. razred gimnazije obrađeni su ishodi učenja primjenom Bloomove taksonomije za kognitivno područje razina znanja.

The aim of this work is to describe the character of prefixes, mainly the intensifying ones, on the basis of specialized literature. Then, we will evaluate the current use of intensifying prefixes in French. Frantext, the linguistic database, and Google will serve to evaluate it. The research will be proved by the method of corpus analysis. This work includes two parts. In the theoretical part, all the terms connected to the topic of derivation will be explained. Simultaneously, we will present the modern theories of word-formation, with the emphasis on derivation. The characateristics of chosen intensifying prefixes will be followed by practical part: Corpus analysis.

U priručniku je ouhvaćeno područja osnovnih pojmova informacijske tehnologije, te korištenja računala i upravljanja datotekama pod peracijskim sustavom Windows 7. Priručnik također daje praktična znanja iz područja uporabe uredskog paketa Microsoft Office 2010: obrade teksta (Word), proračunske tablice (Excel), baze podataka (Access), prezentacije (PowerPoint). U priručniku se također obrađuje područje pretraživanja informacija preko interneta te područje elektroničkih komunikacija i elektroničke pošte. Uz 7 ECDL modula s primjerima testova dolazi i PROPYX sustav za online provjeru znanja.

Integralus organizacijos žinių personalizavimas su organizacijos bei organizacinės kultūros pokyčiais gali optimizuoti individualių žinių integraciją į organizacijos žinių bazę. Kitas svarbus akcentas tenka Lietuvos visuomenėje nusistovėjusioms nuostatoms, priešiškam požiūriui į verslą, valstybę bei jų institutus - organizacijas. Vis dar gajūs stereotipai, kurie į verslą skatina žvelgti ne kaip į kolektyvinės gerovės šaltinį, o priešiškai, kaip į išnaudotoją. Žinoma, šį įvaizdį skatina ir nesąžiningos organizacijos, o socialiai atsakingos organizacijos institutas - daugiau simbolinis ir teoriniame lygmenyje, siaurai taikomas praktikoje. Valstybės, viešojo sektoriaus organizacijose dirbantys žmonės patiria įtampas, susijusias su visuomenės vertinimu bei asmeniniu nepasitikėjimu viešuoju sektoriumi. Nepasitikėjimas verslo struktūromis būdingas ne tik postsovietinėje visuomenėje. Komandinis darbas, dalijimasis informacija, orientavimasis į organizacijos tikslus - vis dar lieka teorija, kurios įgyvendinimui praktikoje pnešinasi kultūrinis kontekstas. Todėl laisva valia grįstas, savanoriškas individualių žinių dalijimasis su organizacija - itin opi problema. Integral personalization of knowledge of organization with changes of organization and organizational culture can optimize integration of individual knowledge into the base of knowledge of organization. One more important emphasis is on the conceptions that are steady in Lithuanian society as well as on hostile attitude towards business, state and their institutes, i.e. organizations. Stereotypes are still vital that initiate to regard business not as the resource of collective wealth but - on the contrary - as an exploiter. Of course, this image stimulated by dishonest organizations and the institute of a socially responsible organization is more symbolic on theoretical level and hardly applied in practice. The people that work in state, public sectors experience stress that is related with assessment of society as well as personal mistrust in public sector. Mistrust in business structures is characteristic not only in post-soviet society. Teamwork, sharing of information, orientation towards the aims of organization still remain theoretic and cultural context opposes to their implementation in practice. Thus voluntary sharing of individual knowledge with organization, which is based on free will is a very tender problem. Subject of the research - personal and organizational knowledge. Aim of the research - to research the obstacles of integration of personal knowledge into organizational knowledge. Objectives of the research are as follows: (1) to discuss becoming of individual knowledge organizational obstacles; (2) to analyze presumptions so that to reach coherence when integrating individual knowledge into organizational. Methods of the research. The article has been worked out on the basis of the following methods: systemic analysis of scientific literature, general and logical analysis, synthesis, analogy, complex generalization and comparison.

U priručniku je ouhvaćeno područja osnovnih pojmova informacijske tehnologije, te korištenja računala i upravljanja datotekama pod peracijskim sustavom Windows 7. Priručnik također daje praktična znanja iz područja uporabe uredskog paketa Microsoft Office 2007: obrade teksta (Word), proračunske tablice (Excel), baze podataka (Access), prezentacije (PowerPoint). U priručniku se također obrađuje područje pretraživanja informacija preko interneta ipodručje elektroničkih komunikacija (elektronička pošta).

Ova teza se bavi ¤-kvazilinearnim varijetetima grupoida. Pokazano je da postoji ta·cno dvadeset osam idempotentnih ¤-kvazilinearnih varijeteta grupoida, od kojih dvadeset ·sest varijeteta imaju kona·cnu bazu i te baze su i navedene, dok preostala dva varijeteta imaju inherentno beskona·cnu bazu. U tezi je opisano ured enje svih idempotentnih ¤-kvazilinearnih varijeteta grupoida i nalazimo male grupoide koji generi·su svaki od navedenih varijeteta. Na kraju je pokazano da postoji kontinum mnogo ¤-kvazilinearnih variejeteta grupoida., The topic of this thesis are ¤-quasilinear varieties of groupoids.We show that there exist exactly twenty-eight idempotent ¤-quasilinear varieties of groupoids, twenty-six of which are ¯nitely based (and we explicitlygive ¯nite bases for each of them), while two are inherently non¯nitely based.We describe the ordering of these twenty-eight idempotent ¤-quasilinear varieties of groupoids and ¯nd small generating algebras for each of them. Inthe end we show that there exist continuum many ¤-quasilinear varieties ofgroupoids, not all of which are even locally ¯nite.

Ova teza se bavi ¤-kvazilinearnim varijetetima grupoida. Pokazano je da postoji ta·cno dvadeset osam idempotentnih ¤-kvazilinearnih varijeteta grupoida, od kojih dvadeset ·sest varijeteta imaju kona·cnu bazu i te baze su i navedene, dok preostala dva varijeteta imaju inherentno beskona·cnu bazu. U tezi je opisano ured enje svih idempotentnih ¤-kvazilinearnih varijeteta grupoida i nalazimo male grupoide koji generi·su svaki od navedenih varijeteta. Na kraju je pokazano da postoji kontinum mnogo ¤-kvazilinearnih variejeteta grupoida., The topic of this thesis are ¤-quasilinear varieties of groupoids.We show that there exist exactly twenty-eight idempotent ¤-quasilinear varieties of groupoids, twenty-six of which are ¯nitely based (and we explicitlygive ¯nite bases for each of them), while two are inherently non¯nitely based.We describe the ordering of these twenty-eight idempotent ¤-quasilinear varieties of groupoids and ¯nd small generating algebras for each of them. Inthe end we show that there exist continuum many ¤-quasilinear varieties ofgroupoids, not all of which are even locally ¯nite.