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In orthodox Standard Quantum Mechanics (SQM) bases and factorizations are considered to define quantum states and entanglement in relativist terms. While the choice of a basis (interpreted as a measurement context) defines a state incompatible to that same state in a different basis, the choice of a factorization (interpreted as the separability of systems into sub-systems) determines wether the same state is entangled or non-entangled. Of course, this perspectival relativism with respect to reference frames and factorizations precludes not only the widespread reference to quantum particles but more generally the possibility of any rational objective account of a state of affairs in general. In turn, this impossibility ends up justifying the instrumentalist (anti-realist) approach that contemporary quantum physics has followed since the establishment of SQM during the 1930s. In contraposition, in this work, taking as a standpoint the logos categorical approach to QM —basically, Heisenberg’s matrix formulation without Dirac’s projection postulate— we provide an invariant account of bases and factorizations which allows us to to build a conceptual-operational bridge between the mathematical formalism and quantum phenomena. In this context we are able to address the set of equivalence relations which allows us to determine what is actually the same in different bases and factorizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the radiopacities of different types of materials with indications for application as a base under restorations and the microleakage of the final restorations with these materials applied as bases. Methods: Standart Class I cavities were prepared in 90 caries-free molar teeth. The cavities were randomly divided into 9 groups according to the type of intermediate material to be applied (n=10): 1. High flowable composite, 2. Low flowable composite, 3. Fiber reinforced composite, 4. Giomer, 5. Ormocer, 6. Alkasite, 7. Bioactive composite, 8. High viscosity glass ionomer, 9. Glass carbomer. The base materials in each group were applied to the cavity floor and restoration was completed using a nanohybrid composite resin and an universal adhesive system. To evaluate radiopacity, radiographic images were taken using direct digital system and mean gray values were measured with ImageJ software. To analyse microleakage, specimens were subjected to thermocycling, immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours, sectioned buccolingually and leakage values observed on the half-piece surfaces were examined under a stereomicroscope and recorded. Data were analysed using One-way Analysis of Variance, Tukey HSD Test and Pearson Chi-Square with Bonferroni-corrected Z Test (p˂0.05).Results: In terms of radiopacity, while alkasite and low flowable composite showed the highest radiopacity, glass carbomer gave the lowest (p

This article discusses a school experiment on carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption as an example of gas absorption experiments in the classroom. The experiment aims to illustrate the process of CO2 absorption and consider relevant factors such as temperature and concentration. Students can use a newly developed measuring system to independently carry out and quantify the absorption process. The experiment highlights the interdisciplinary work between the subjects of Science and Technology and Chemistry. The text describes an experiment on CO2 absorption using a sensor box and Arduino measurement device. The experiment involves connecting the components, setting the parameters, and measuring the CO2 concentration. The results can be displayed on an OLED display and recorded on an SD card. The experiment explores the absorption process using different parameters such as absorption medium, concentration, temperature, and amount of absorbent. The experiment is flexible and can be used for industrial CO2 purification or atmospheric CO2 reduction. The text also highlights the importance of sensor technology in visualizing invisible natural processes. The experiment is designed to be user-friendly and suitable for educational settings. [Extracted from the article]

The main purpose of this paper is to study weight-semi-greedy Markushevich bases, and in particular, find conditions under which such bases are weight-almost greedy. In this context, we prove that, for a large class of weights, the two notions are equivalent. We also show that all weight semi-greedy bases are truncation quasi-greedy and weight-superdemocratic. In all of the above cases, we also bring to the context of weights the weak greedy and Chebyshev greedy algorithms—which are frequently studied in the literature on greedy approximation. In the course of our work, a new property arises naturally and its relation with squeeze symmetric and bidemocratic bases is given. In addition, we study some parameters involving the weak thresholding and Chebyshevian greedy algorithms. Finally, we give examples of conditional bases with some of the weighted greedy-type conditions we study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a generalization of the Hasse derivative in the sense of the complex conformable derivative. The definition coincides with the classical version of the Hasse derivative of order i$$ i $$. Accordingly, a new base, named complex conformable Hasse derivative bases (CCHDBs), is defined. We investigate the existence of expansions of analytic functions in a series of CCHDBs in Fréchet space on closed and open disks, open regions surrounding closed disks, for all entire functions and at the origin. Moreover, an upper bound for the order and type of the CCHDBs is obtained and proved to be attainable. The 핋ρ‐property of CCHDBs is also discussed. Our results improve and extend the analog results in the complex analysis related to the classical complex derivative of a base of polynomials (BPs). The obtained results clarify several implications for the CCHDBs of special functions such as Euler, Bernoulli, Chebyshev, Bessel, and Gontcharaff polynomials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weaving frames have been introduced to deal with some problems in signal processing and wireless sensor networks. More recently, the notion of fractal operator and fractal convolutions have been linked with perturbation theory of Schauder bases and frames. However, the existing literature has established limited connections between the theory of fractals and frame expansions. In this paper we de ne weaving frames generated via fractal operators combined with fractal convolutions. The aim is to demonstrate how partial fractal convolutions are associated to Riesz bases, frames and the concept of weaving frames in a Hilbert space. The context deals with ones-sided convolutions i.e both left and right partial fractal convolution operators on Lebesgue space Lp (1 ⩽ p ⩽ ∞). Some applications using partial fractal convolutions with null function have been obtained for the perturbation theory of bases and weaving frames. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Current Research in Dental Sciences is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The minor and duality of a fuzzy graphic matroid are defined and also explored their properties. The charcteristics of fuzzy graphic matroid like augumentation, base exchange property, uniformity, submodularity, weak absorption, strong absorption, weak elimination and induced circuit properties are discussed with examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The contents of 11 nucleosides and base components in 10 batches of samples from 5 provinces （cities) including Chongqing, Yunnan and Shaanxi were determined, and the differences in nucleosides and base components in Fritillaria taipaiensis were compared by chemometric analysis, and the quality was comprehensively evaluated, so as to provide a reference for the cultivation of excellent varieties and the selection of medicinal materials. Methods Nucleoside and base components were extracted from Fritillaria taipaiensis by ultrasonication in aqueous solutions, and the content of each component was determined by HPLC-DAD method. The origin was classified by principal component analysis（PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA) . Partial least squares discriminant analysis（PLS-DA) was used to determine the differentiated index components in Fritillaria taipaiensis. Then the differences in the contents of the index components among samples from different origins were compared. Results It was found that 11 nucleoside and base components differed significantly among different origins of Fritillaria taipaiensis. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that all samples could be clustered into 4 categories. Five characteristic components, including uracil, cytosine, uridine, inosine, and adenosine, were identified by PLS-DA. The nucleosides and bases in samples from Chongqing and Hubei were relatively high, and the quality of the samples was comparatively superior. Conclusion This method is simple, reproducible, accurate and reliable. It has screened out the index nucleoside and base components in the identification of Fritillaria taipaiensis of different origins, which can be used to initially elucidate the differences of samples between different origins. Additionally, it can better reflect the quality of Fritillaria taipaiensis, and can provide reference for the selection of procurement origin and the quality control for Fritillaria taipaiensis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper investigates the approximation of special monogenic functions (SMFs) in infinite series of hypercomplex Hasse derivative bases (HHDBs) in Fréchet modules (F-modules). The obtained results ensure the existence of such representation in closed hyperballs, open hyperballs, closed regions surrounding closed hyperballs, at the origin, and for all entire SMFs (ESMFs). Furthermore, we discuss the mode of increase (order and type) and the $ T_{\rho} $-property. This study enlightens several implications for some associated HHDBs, such as hypercomplex Bernoulli polynomials, hypercomplex Euler polynomials, and hypercomplex Bessel polynomials. Based on considering a more general class of bases in F-modules, our results enhance and generalize several known results concerning approximating functions in terms of bases in the complex and Clifford settings.

Compounding is currently an integral part of pharmacy practice, and it is essential to the provision of healthcare. Compounding is an important therapeutic option in all areas of medicine, with relevance to dermatological treatments. Compounding topical medicines can be time-consuming and requires specialized equipment. In this regard, the use of proprietary topical liquid and semisolid vehicles/bases can be a good alternative and a more sustainable approach. This review provides an overview of existing proprietary vehicles/bases, summarizing their properties and applications and identifying existing commercial and information gaps. Creams emerge as the foremost topical base, followed by gels and ointments. Besides acting locally on the skin, almost a third of these proprietary bases/vehicles are also suitable for the transdermal application of APIs. Information regarding composition and compatibilities/incompatibilities with APIs is not always provided by the manufacturer, constraining a complete analysis of all proprietary topical bases/vehicles considered. The collection and organization of this information are important not only for pharmacy practice and physician prescription, helping to select the best vehicles/bases, but also for the industry to identify opportunities for innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Además de is the property of Ademas de: Revista on line de artes decorativas y diseno and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, the hypercomplex Ruscheweyh derivative operator for special monogenic functions is defined. The representation in certain regions of such functions in terms of hypercomplex Ruscheweyh derivative bases of special monogenic polynomials (HRDBSMPs) are investigated. Precisely, we examine the approximation properties in different regions such as closed balls, open balls, closed regions surrounding closed balls, at the origin and for all entire special monogenic functions. Moreover, the order type and the Tρ-property for these bases are discussed. We also provide some interesting applications for some HRDBSMPs such as Bernoulli, Euler, and Bessel polynomials. The obtained results extend and enhance relevant results in the complex and Clifford setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper investigates the approximation of special monogenic functions (SMFs) in infinite series of hypercomplex Hasse derivative bases (HHDBs) in Fréchet modules (F-modules). The obtained results ensure the existence of such representation in closed hyperballs, open hyperballs, closed regions surrounding closed hyperballs, at the origin, and for all entire SMFs (ESMFs). Furthermore, we discuss the mode of increase (order and type) and the Tp-property. This study enlightens several implications for some associated HHDBs, such as hypercomplex Bernoulli polynomials, hypercomplex Euler polynomials, and hypercomplex Bessel polynomials. Based on considering a more general class of bases in F-modules, our results enhance and generalize several known results concerning approximating functions in terms of bases in the complex and Cliffiord settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As with other academic disciplines, sport psychology academics working in higher education (HE) in the United Kingdom (UK) in lecturer and senior lecturer positions are typically required to hold a PhD in sport psychology or a related discipline. To work in applied practice with athletes, coaches, National Governing Bodies (NGBs), and sporting organisations, practitioners are required to acquire a qualification that affords registration with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) through either the British Psychology Society (BPS) or the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences (BASES). Accordingly, scholar–practitioners, who have "a foot in both worlds" (Tenkasi and Hay, 2008), are required to have two related but distinct qualifications, each of which requires considerable resources (i.e., time, finances, and commitment) to achieve. This paper addresses some of the dilemmas and conflicts that these individuals may encounter in their primary workplace, which typically does not provide for applied practice (either in time or financial incentives). Specifically, issues around the knowledge-transfer gap will be addressed. Real-world examples will be in the form of reflections from the author's own experiences. I am a senior lecturer in sport and exercise psychology at Cardiff Metropolitan University and the programme director of the MSc Sport Psychology. The role requires me to be HCPC registered, as well as have a PhD in sport psychology. I am also an HCPC Practitioner Psychologist, registered following completion of the BPS Qualification in Sport and Exercise Psychology (QSEP). My practice is limited to minimal private work and the supervision of trainee sport psychologists (BPS). At the end of the paper, I leave the reader with three questions to prompt reflection on what being a sport psychologist means and what contributions scholar–practitioners may offer to academic institutions and the clients we work with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of the study is frame-gantry pile foundations embedded in the soil base. To improve the strength of weak soil base, various methods of reinforcement are used, including the foundation constructions in the form of wedge-shaped piles. The paper deals with laboratory studies of the soil base during the installation of small-scale wedge-shaped piles at different angle. The process of soil shearing under the influence of the loads is registered by deformation control benchmarks arranged in the form of a square grid. The interaction between the soil and the frame-gantry foundations appears in a change of the physical and mechanical characteristics in the near pile area. The tests revealed that when piles are installed at the angle of 30° the bearing capacity of the foundation increased. The average density in the fixed active zone of the soil area increased by 12 %, and the average porosity coefficient decreased by 20 %. The deformation modulus changed by 1.8–2.3 times. The angle of internal friction remained virtually unchanged.

The natural matroid of an integer polymatroid was introduced to show that a simple construction of integer polymatroids from matroids yields all integer polymatroids. As we illustrate, the natural matroid can shed much more light on integer polymatroids. We focus on characterizations of integer polymatroids using their bases, their circuits, and their cyclic flats along with the rank of each cyclic flat and each element; we offer some new characterizations and insights into known characterizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the reasons that cause premature deterioration of the wearing course is the quality of the materials that make up the flexible pavement structure of the road network in Ecuador. Therefore, there is a need to thoroughly study the stone materials, such as coarse aggregate and fine aggregate, which form the structure of the flexible pavement. The quality of these materials will determine the service life of the wearing course as well as the high or low cost of road construction. The main objective of this research was to determine the highest quality material based on its technical and economic characteristics. For this purpose, three main mines that supply stone materials in the country were selected: "Kumochi", "Los Muelles", and "Cantera El Salvador". Several samples of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate were taken from these mines to conduct laboratory tests, including natural moisture content, Atterberg limits, gradation, modified Proctor, and relative density. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test was also performed to determine the load-bearing capacity of the samples. These data will be used in future investigations for the design of sustainable pavement structures. Additionally, physical and mechanical properties were determined through tests including aggregate soundness, resistance to abrasion, and the Los Angeles abrasion test to determine the percentage of fractured faces of the coarse aggregate. In conclusion, it was found that the material from the "El Salvador" mine has the best technical and economic characteristics for the formation of flexible pavement structures. However, the material from the "Kumochi" and "Los Muelles" mines met the standards of the international AASHTO norm. The final recommendation after conducting the research is that the aforementioned materials can be used not only for the formation of the pavement structure but also for the wearing course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of cyclic and acyclic nitrogen-containing organic bases on the formation of a zinc complex with tetra(4-tert-butyl-5-phenylsulfanyl)phthalocyanine in benzene has been studied. The acid-base interaction precedes the complex formation and plays a key role in it. The scheme is given for the formation of a zinc complex with tetra(4-tert-butyl-5-phenylsulfanyl)phthalocyanine in the nitrogen-containing base-benzene system. A relationship between the catalytic activity of the base and its proton-acceptor ability and structure is determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las isotermas de adsorción se han utilizado para evaluar disponibilidad de nutrientes en suelo. Los suelos de la Región Pampeana se han considerado bien dotados de bases, aunque hay evidencias sobre su disminución causada por actividades agropecuarias sin reposición de nutrientes como calcio (Ca). El objetivo fue ajustar isotermas de adsorción y ecuaciones de dosificación de Ca en suelos agroproductivos de Buenos Aires. Se pesaron suelos de Bellocq, Inchausti y Belgrano y se agregaron soluciones con diferentes concentraciones de Ca. Se determinó la concentración en el equilibrio luego de su estabilización y se ajustaron los resultados según las isotermas de Langmuir, Freundlich, Van Huay y Temkin y ecuaciones de dosificación. La isoterma de Van Huay logró predecir con elevados grados de ajuste en los tres sitios (R2>0,98) y solamente la ecuación de Freundlich se ajustó a Bellocq. Las ecuaciones de dosificación se ajustaron en todos los suelos, en un primer segmento con ecuaciones cuadráticas y en un segundo segmento con ecuaciones lineales. El suelo de Belgrano se diferenció de los restantes sitios en los parámetros de la ecuación de Van Huay, sugiriendo una mayor afinidad con los coloides y mayor reserva del nutriente en el corto plazo, asociado a su mayor contenido de CO, CIC y P. Los resultados encontrados pudieron ser comparado con estudios realizados en K y/o en suelos tropicales. Estos estudios sugieren la posibilidad de utilizar las isotermas de adsorción y ecuaciones de dosificación como herramientas para la toma de decisiones en fertilización en suelos de Buenos Aires.

Quantum cryptography was proposed as a counter to the capacity of quantum computers to break classical cryptosystems. A broad subclass of quantum cryptography, called quantum key distribution (QKD), relies on quantum mechanical process for secure distribution of the keys. Quantum channels are inherently noisy, and therefore these protocols will be susceptible to noise as well. In this paper, we study the performance of two QKD protocols — BB84 and E91 under amplitude damping error. We show that while E91 protocol loses its security immediately due to loss of entanglement, the performance of BB84 protocol reduces to random guessing with increasing time. Next, we consider the action of an Eve on the BB84 protocol under amplitude damping noise, who is restricted to guessing the outcome of the protocol only. Under this restriction, we show that Eve can still do better than random guessing when equipped with the characteristics of the noisy channel. Finally, we propose a modification of the BB84 protocol which retains the security of the original protocol, but ensures that Eve cannot get any advantage in guessing the outcome, even with complete channel information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G = O p ′ ( G ¯ F) be a finite simple group of Lie type defined over a field of characteristic p , where F is a Steinberg endomorphism of the ambient simple algebraic group G ¯. Let T ¯ be an F -stable maximal torus of G ¯ and set N = N G (T ¯). A conjecture due to Vdovin asserts that if G ≇ L 3 (2) then N ∩ N x is a p -group for some x ∈ G. In this paper, we use a combination of probabilistic and computational methods to calculate the base size for the natural action of G on G / N , which allows us to prove a stronger, and suitably modified, version of Vdovin's conjecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant uptake of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has been recognized as a potential path to human exposure. Most existing regressions and uptake models are limited to neutral organic compounds, but 80% of pharmaceuticals and an unknown number of personal care products ionize under environmentally relevant conditions. A widely used generic plant uptake model was expanded step‐by‐step with processes relevant for weak and strong acids and bases, such as ionization, membrane permeability, ion trap, phloem transport, and sorption to proteins. The differential equation system was solved analytically, and the equations were implemented in a spreadsheet version. The changes in predicted plant uptake of neutral substances, acids, and bases were found for a range of key input data (log KOW, pKa, pH, sorption to proteins). For neutral compounds, sorption to proteins and phloem transport are of relevance only for the more polar compounds (low log KOW, ≤2). Weak acids (pKa ≤6) are trapped in phloem due to pH‐related effects, and in roots when pH in soil is low (pH 4–5). Cations sorb stronger and hence show less bioavailability and less translocation than anions. Sorption to proteins reduces translocation to leaves and fruits for all substances, but this is more evident for polar and ionic compounds that have negligible sorption to lipids. The new generic model considers additional processes that are of relevance for polar and ionizable substances. It might be used instead of existing standard approaches for chemical risk assessment and assessment of the environmental fate of PPCPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:793–804. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce and study the notion of weak semi-greedy systems—which is inspired in the concepts of semi-greedy and branch semi-greedy systems and weak thresholding sets-, and prove that in infinite dimensional Banach spaces, the notions of semi-greedy, branch semi-greedy, weak semi-greedy, and almost greedy Markushevich bases are all equivalent. This completes and extends some results from (Berná in J Math Anal Appl 470:218–225, 2019; Dilworth et al. in Studia Math 159:67–101, 2003; J Funct Anal 263:3900–3921, 2012). We also exhibit an example of a semi-greedy system that is neither almost greedy nor a Markushevich basis, showing that the Markushevich condition cannot be dropped from the equivalence result. In some cases, we obtain improved upper bounds for the corresponding constants of the systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partially greedy bases in Banach spaces were introduced by Dilworth et al. as a strictly weaker notion than the (almost) greedy bases. In this paper, we study two natural ways to strengthen the definition of partial greediness. The first way produces what we call the consecutive almost greedy property, which turns out to be equivalent to the almost greedy property. Meanwhile, the second way reproduces the PG property for Schauder bases but a strictly stronger property for general bases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar los elementos para elaborar un proyecto de investigación en un posgrado en Derecho, en el cual se muestra como guía práctica de cada una de las etapas para culminar el proyecto y con ello obtener de manera satisfactoria la aprobación del mismo por parte de la Institución en la que se encuentre cursando, a efecto de poder obtener el dictamen final que lo avale como Protocolo de Investigación, aprobado por la máxima autoridad académica del Posgrado.

Compounding is currently an integral part of pharmacy practice, and it is essential to the provision of healthcare. Compounding is an important therapeutic option in all areas of medicine, with relevance to dermatological treatments. Compounding topical medicines can be time-consuming and requires specialized equipment. In this regard, the use of proprietary topical liquid and semisolid vehicles/bases can be a good alternative and a more sustainable approach. This review provides an overview of existing proprietary vehicles/bases, summarizing their properties and applications and identifying existing commercial and information gaps. Creams emerge as the foremost topical base, followed by gels and ointments. Besides acting locally on the skin, almost a third of these proprietary bases/vehicles are also suitable for the transdermal application of APIs. Information regarding composition and compatibilities/incompatibilities with APIs is not always provided by the manufacturer, constraining a complete analysis of all proprietary topical bases/vehicles considered. The collection and organization of this information are important not only for pharmacy practice and physician prescription, helping to select the best vehicles/bases, but also for the industry to identify opportunities for innovation.

Ganoderma (lingzhi) is a famous herbal medicine and edible supplement in oriental countries for a long history. In this study, a simple micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method was established for the analysis of nucleosides and bases, the major bioactive components in Ganoderma for the first time. By optimizing the borate concentration, the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration and the pH value of running buffer, 10 nucleosides and bases achieved an ideal separation. In real sample analysis, the developed method was successfully used to determine the 10 target analytes in 23 batches of Ganoderma samples from different regions. Results indicated that contents of 10 investigated analytes in each sample showed obvious variation. The principal components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) analysis classified the samples into three groups, and the HCA tree visualized the relationships which was mainly contributed by geographical partition. The results indicated geographical origin to be an important factor that affect the accumulation of nucleosides and bases in Ganoderma. In summary, this study provides a simple and practical strategy for quality assessment and cultivation reference of Ganoderma.

In the present paper, the representation, in different domains, of analytic functions by complex conformable fractional derivative bases (CCFDB) and complex conformable fractional integral bases (CCFIB) in Fréchet space are investigated. Results are proved to show that such representation is possible in closed disks, open disks, open regions surrounding closed disks, at the origin, and for all entire functions. Also, some results concerning the growth order and type of CCFDB and CCFIB are determined. Moreover, the 핋ρ‐property of CCFDB and CCFIB is discussed. The obtained results recover some known results when α=1$$ \alpha =1 $$. Finally, some applications to the CCFDB and CCFIB of Bernoulli, Euler, Bessel, and Chebyshev polynomials have been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Models for dissociation and mixing of acids and bases are the main subject of many analytical chemistry textbooks. Preparing the solutions for any titration generally involves diluting acids and bases. The mathematics behind precise calculation of pH and pOH is treacherous even for monoprotic acids and bases, becoming mathematically complex when processes of chemical complexation are considered and one should consider any simplifying approximation when available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As with other academic disciplines, sport psychology academics working in higher education (HE) in the United Kingdom (UK) in lecturer and senior lecturer positions are typically required to hold a PhD in sport psychology or a related discipline. To work in applied practice with athletes, coaches, National Governing Bodies (NGBs), and sporting organisations, practitioners are required to acquire a qualification that affords registration with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) through either the British Psychology Society (BPS) or the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences (BASES). Accordingly, scholar–practitioners, who have “a foot in both worlds” (Tenkasi and Hay, 2008), are required to have two related but distinct qualifications, each of which requires considerable resources (i.e., time, finances, and commitment) to achieve. This paper addresses some of the dilemmas and conflicts that these individuals may encounter in their primary workplace, which typically does not provide for applied practice (either in time or financial incentives). Specifically, issues around the knowledge-transfer gap will be addressed. Real-world examples will be in the form of reflections from the author’s own experiences. I am a senior lecturer in sport and exercise psychology at Cardiff Metropolitan University and the programme director of the MSc Sport Psychology. The role requires me to be HCPC registered, as well as have a PhD in sport psychology. I am also an HCPC Practitioner Psychologist, registered following completion of the BPS Qualification in Sport and Exercise Psychology (QSEP). My practice is limited to minimal private work and the supervision of trainee sport psychologists (BPS). At the end of the paper, I leave the reader with three questions to prompt reflection on what being a sport psychologist means and what contributions scholar–practitioners may offer to academic institutions and the clients we work with.

In this review, catalyst as well as solvent nature of ionic liquids in organic transformations has been described. Ionic liquids have been tremendously utilized for many years as a medium for organic solvents. Further ionic liquids are also used in different fields like electrochemistry, catalysis, spectroscopy material science. The current review discussed about the synthesis, properties, applications of ionic liquid and ionic liquid-based nanocomposites for organic transformations. The application of ionic liquids as acids, bases and soluble support for catalysts and organocatalysts are also discussed in this article. This review also discussed the application of ionic liquids in asymmetric reactions like aldol condensation, Diels–Alder reaction, enantioselective hydrogenation, Knoevenagel reaction, Michael addition reaction, miscellaneous reaction, transesterification and biodiesel production. It is easier to separate the product of a reaction from an ionic liquid than that of a traditional solvent, because the ionic liquids having polar nature. The green nature and reusable ability of ionic liquids make them more appropriate candidate in organic transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 16-item Body and Appearance Self-Conscious Emotions Scale (BASES) is widely used to assess the discrete emotions of guilt, shame, authentic pride, and hubristic pride. However, recent work has questioned the factorial validity of the BASES (i.e., the extent to which it truly assesses a discrete set of self-conscious emotions). In the present study, we re-assessed the factorial validity of the BASES using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM). An online sample of adults from the United Kingdom (N = 637) were asked to complete the BASES. Our analyses indicated that the original 4-factor CFA model had adequate fit but resulted in very high latent correlations between similarly valenced facets (Guilt/Shame and Authentic/Hubristic Pride, respectively). An alternative 2-factor CFA model (combining Guilt-Shame and Authentic-Hubristic Pride) had a less-than-ideal fit. Conversely, 4-factor and 2-factor ESEM solutions both resulted in a superior fit to the data than their CFA counterparts, and in reduced estimates of factor correlations. Both of these ESEM solutions were also fully invariant across gender. These results have important theoretical and practical implications for our understanding of body and appearance-related self-conscious emotions and how this construct is currently measured. • 4-factor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model of the BASES had adequate fit. • But associations between similarly valenced facets on the 4-factor CFA model were high. • Exploratory structural equation model (ESEM) models of the BASES had adequate fit. • Both a 2- and 4- factor ESEM models were fully invariant across gender. • The BASES is more optimally represented using ESEM, rather than CFA, modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the reasons that cause premature deterioration of the wearing course is the quality of the materials that make up the flexible pavement structure of the road network in Ecuador. Therefore, there is a need to thoroughly study the stone materials, such as coarse aggregate and fine aggregate, which form the structure of the flexible pavement. The quality of these materials will determine the service life of the wearing course as well as the high or low cost of road construction. The main objective of this research was to determine the highest quality material based on its technical and economic characteristics. For this purpose, three main mines that supply stone materials in the country were selected: “Kumochi”, “Los Muelles”, and “Cantera El Salvador”. Several samples of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate were taken from these mines to conduct laboratory tests, including natural moisture content, Atterberg limits, gradation, modified Proctor, and relative density. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test was also performed to determine the load-bearing capacity of the samples. These data will be used in future investigations for the design of sustainable pavement structures. Additionally, physical and mechanical properties were determined through tests including aggregate soundness, resistance to abrasion, and the Los Angeles abrasion test to determine the percentage of fractured faces of the coarse aggregate. In conclusion, it was found that the material from the “El Salvador” mine has the best technical and economic characteristics for the formation of flexible pavement structures. However, the material from the “Kumochi” and “Los Muelles” mines met the standards of the international AASHTO norm. The final recommendation after conducting the research is that the aforementioned materials can be used not only for the formation of the pavement structure but also for the wearing course.

We present the closure operators and detach several distinct topics of mathematics in which we can observe the action of these closure operators. So, we can see these operators as a trans-topic concept. Considering that these mathematics theories can be applied to so many fields, then we enhance the closure operators as a transdisciplinary notion.

A manganese/NaOPh co-catalyzed C2-selective C–H conjugate addition of indoles to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls has been developed. The reaction features very high atom economy in which no stoichiometric reagents/additives were employed. The crucial role of sodium phenolate (NaOPh) as a synergetic catalyst was revealed in the reaction screening process and mechanistic experiments.

Let G be a finite group. It has recently been proved that every nontrivial element of G is contained in a generating set of minimal size if and only if all proper quotients of G require fewer generators than G. It is natural to ask which finite groups, in addition, have the property that any two elements of G that do not generate a cyclic group can be extended to a generating set of minimal size. This note answers the question. The only such finite groups are very specific affine groups: elementary abelian groups extended by a cyclic group acting as scalars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the historical development context of the trigonometric network point types in Slovenia from 1810 onwards is presented. Examples of different trigonometric point types still seen in the field are shown, with regard to the institution that carried out the field marking of the specific state trigonometric network. The city trigonometric network of Ljubljana, which was established in 1955–1956, is also presented. Furthermore, triangulation and comparator bases are mentioned as well, which remain marked with permanent pillars. As examples of the oldest still-standing trigonometric points, the following are mentioned: 303 Veliki Javornik (2nd order) with the engraved year 1823 and 329 Limberk (2nd order) with the engraved year 1903.

Feature analysis is a fundamental research area in computer graphics; meanwhile, meaningful and part-aware feature bases are always demanding. This paper proposes a framework for conducting feature analysis on a three-dimensional (3D) model by introducing modified Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) model into the graphical feature space and push forward further applications. By analyzing and utilizing the intrinsic ideas behind NMF, we propose conducting the factorization on feature matrices constructed based on descriptors or graphs, which provides a simple but effective way to raise compressed and scale-aware descriptors. In order to enable part-aware model analysis, we modify the NMF model to be sparse and constrained regarding to both bases and encodings, which gives rise to Sparse and Constrained Non-negative Matrix Factorization (SAC-NMF). Subsequently, by adapting the analytical components (including hidden variables, bases, and encodings) to design descriptors, several applications have been easily but effectively realized. The extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework has many attractive advantages, such as being efficient, extendable, and so forth.

Naji Ziad Arandi,1 Tarek Rabi2 1Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine; 2Department of Conservative and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, PalestineCorrespondence: Naji Ziad ArandiDepartment of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab American University, Jenin, PalestineTel +97 2598126111Email Arandi@gmail.comObjective: The aim of this paper was to review the current literature on cavity bases while focusing on the role of zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGI) as cavity bases.Materials and Methods: A thorough literature search between 1970 and 2020 was done using Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. The keywords of the search strategy were as below: cavity liners and bases, pulp protection, zinc oxide eugenol, and resin-modified glass ionomer. No specific inclusion or exclusion criteria were applied as to what articles would be included in this review.Conclusion: This review emphasizes that the available literature provides very little evidence to support the routine use of a base under amalgam or composite restorations. This review favors the adoption of “no more lining or bases” in shallow and moderate cavity preparations. However, an exception might be a “protective base” of RMGI following the application of calcium hydroxide (CH) liners in deep cavities. Bonded RMGIs are suitable cavity base materials and should always replace zinc oxide eugenol bases in daily practice.Keywords: bases, liners, pulp protection, resin-modified glass ionomer, zinc oxide eugenol

Engineering transfer RNAs to read codons consisting of four bases requires changes in tRNA that go beyond the anticodon sequence.