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Highlights Polypropylene (PP) is one of the most used polymeric materials worldwide, either as a neat material or as a matrix for composite manufacture employing a molding process. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing is an alternative process that offers the potential for manufacturing value‐added products from PP. However, using neat PP for FDM is challenging because 3D‐printed PP warps and shrinks when cooled, and the mechanical properties of PP are poor. PP‐based composites with different fillers (e.g., glass, carbon, and natural fibers) have shown improved properties using FDM processes. An alternative filler for 3D‐printed PP‐based composites is basalt fiber (BF). The objective of this work was to assess the potential and impacts of BF as a filler for BF‐PP composites using FDM processes. PP was compounded with 15, 25, 35, and 45 wt% BF to produce filaments for 3D printing without adding any compatibilizer. Results of rheology studies, morphology, and mechanical and thermal properties of the 3D printed specimens showed that BF positively impacts Young's modulus (E), thermal stability, and dimensional stability of the composite. All composites, when processed at high shear rates (i.e., above 100 1/s), show approximately similar rheological behavior. E is almost doubled in the composite with 25 wt% BF and increased fourfold in the composite with 35 and 45 wt% BF, compared to neat PP. The Izod impact resistance of the formulations containing 35 and 45 wt% BF is ~70% that of neat PP. BF process easily and adequately reinforces PP composites manufactured via FDM. Neat PP's poor mechanical properties are improved by adding basalt fiber (BF). Up to 45 wt% BF was used to reinforce PP‐based composites. PP‐BF composites are easier to process via DFM compared to neat PP. BF improves PP‐based composite's thermal and dimensional stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure of concrete to elevated temperature affects its mechanical and physical properties. One of the important reasons for the use of fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials is because of its superior mechanical properties. These mechanical properties include impact resistance, strength, stiffness, flexibility, and also it is enhanced ability to carry loads. The high strength–weight ratio, and corrosion resistance of FRPs made them suitable for repair. For strengthening and retrofitting of concrete structures confinement with FRP has received considerable attention in recent years. Geopolymer concrete (GPC) can be expressed as “concrete without cement.” GPC is environmentally friendly and an inventive way to replace the conservative concrete which contributes 7%–8% of total CO2 production in the world. “The concrete which entails of the source materials and the alkaline solution.” The composite material made of fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) has recently gained attention as a potential repair method for concrete structures that have been damaged. This study investigates the performance of glass and basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP and BFRP) laminates as a retrofit solution for fire‐damaged GPC specimens. The specimens were subjected to temperatures of 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C for a period of 1, 2, and 3 h, followed by retrofitting with FRP laminates. The results indicated an increase in the ultimate load‐carrying capacity of GPC specimens when subjected to 200°C for 1 h, beyond which it decreased. However, a fall in ultimate load capacity was observed for higher ranges of temperature and duration of the fire. In this project, geopolymer specimens that had been damaged by fire are wrapped with GFRP and BFRP laminates to study the effect of confinement on the strength of GPC specimens. The fiber laminate used was bi‐directional glass and bi‐directional basalt. Based on the analysis of test data, there was the conclusion that the fire‐damaged GPC was strengthened when retrofitted with GFRP and BFRP laminates was attainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the morphological and mechanical properties of hybrid composites with a polyamide 6 (PA6) matrix and reinforced with basalt fibers (BFs) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). The presence of reinforcing materials fundamentally changed the behavior of the molecules, which was morphologically manifested in the change in the ratio of the rigid and the mobile amorphous phase. The x‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopic images showed the crystal nucleating effect of the halloysite nanotubes. Based on these, we concluded that around the basalt fibers, an interphase is formed, while around the nanoparticles, a two‐layer interphase is created, the inner layer of which is semicrystalline, while the outer layer is rigid amorphous (RA). The nanoparticles are surrounded by a semicrystalline interphase, which is surrounded by an RA interphase. This overlaps with the interphase of the basalt fibers, therefore the halloysite nanotubes can effectively help the stress transfer from the matrix to the basalt fibers. The mechanical properties of the samples also reflected this: the hybrid composites had a significantly higher tensile modulus, tensile strength, and an unchanged elongation at break compared to the composite reinforced with only basalt fiber. Highlights: Environmentally friendly polyamide 6 matrix hybrid composites were prepared.Uniform distribution of halloysite nanotubes was achieved.Enhanced mechanical properties were observed for hybrid composites.Halloysite nanotubes aid stress transfer from matrix to basalt fibers.Halloysite nanotubes act as crystalline nucleating agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite structures are vulnerable to delamination under out‐of‐plane loading due to the absence of reinforcing fibers in the thickness direction. This paper introduced the interlaminar basalt fiber veil technique to improve the interlaminar fracture toughness of basalt fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composite laminates. The reinforcement effect of the basalt fiber veil on GIC of composite laminates was investigated by a double cantilever beam (DCB) test. The toughening effect, damage morphology, and the basalt fiber veil toughening mechanism were analyzed by mechanical response, optical photos, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the basalt fiber veil could significantly inhibit the propagation of interlaminar cracks. Compared to the unreinforced specimen, the maximum load of basalt fiber veil‐reinforced laminate was increased by 73%, the average platform load was increased by 72.7% and the GIC was increased by 157%. Highlights: Improvement of GIC of basalt fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic laminates by basalt fiber veil.The toughening mechanism for the basalt fiber veil.The GIC of the fiber veil‐reinforced laminate was 157% higher than the unreinforced laminate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of green and low-carbon development, energy saving, and emission reduction, hot recycling technology (RT) has been researched, which is divided into hot central plant RT and hot in-place RT. However, due to the aged asphalt binders, the shortcomings of hot recycled asphalt mixtures have become apparent, as in comparison to new asphalt mixtures, their resistance to cracking was inferior and the cracking resistance deteriorated more rapidly. Therefore, it was very necessary to focus on the improvement of crack resistance of hot recycled asphalt mixtures. Basalt fiber has been proved to be able to effectively improve the comprehensive road performance of new asphalt mixtures. Therefore, this paper introduced basalt fiber to hot central plant recycled and hot in-place recycled asphalt mixtures, in order to improve the crack resistance of asphalt as a new type of fiber stabilizer. Firstly, six types of SMA-13 fiber asphalt mixtures were designed and prepared, i.e., hot mixtures with basalt fiber or lignin fiber, hot central plant recycled mixtures with basalt fiber or lignin fiber, and hot in-place recycled mixtures with basalt fiber or lignin fiber. Secondly, the trabecular bending test, low-temperature creep test, semi-circular bending test, and IDEAL-CT were used to comparatively study the changing patterns of low and intermediate temperature cracking resistance of hot recycled mixtures with conventional lignin fibers or basalt fibers. Finally, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation of the different cracking resistance indicators. The results show that the low and intermediate temperature cracking resistance of hot central plant recycled mixtures increased by 45.6% (dissipative energy ratio, Wd/Ws) and 74.8% (flexibility index, FI), respectively. And the corresponding cracking resistance of hot in-place recycled mixture increased by 105.4% (Wd/Ws) and 55.7% (FI). The trabecular bending test was more suitable for testing the low-temperature cracking resistance of hot recycled asphalt mixtures, while the IDEAL-CT was more suitable for testing the intermediate-temperature cracking resistance. The results can provide useful references for the utilization of basalt fiber in the hot recycling of SMA-13 asphalt mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an effort to appropriately address the insufficient mechanical properties of calcined phosphogypsum, this research intends to explore how to utilize basalt fiber and calcium carbonate whiskers as reinforcing agents. The study delves deep into their impacts on the flexural and compressive strength, toughness, water resistance, and tensile strength of calcined phosphogypsum. In the individual tests, basalt fibers with different lengths (3 mm, 6 mm, 9 mm, and 18 mm) were added at dosages of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%, respectively. As clearly demonstrated by the research findings, basalt fiber effectively reinforces the flexural and compressive strength, toughness, and tensile strength of calcined phosphogypsum, though compromising water resistance. Among the various fiber lengths, the 6 mm fibers impose the most advantageous influence on the performance of calcined phosphogypsum. Afterwards, a test was conducted to explore how cross−scale fibers affect the properties of calcined phosphogypsum by mixing 6 mm basalt fibers and calcium carbonate whiskers. As illustrated by the experimental findings, calcium carbonate whisker refines the pores, thereby elevating the flexural strength and toughness of calcined phosphogypsum. Furthermore, it compensates for the water resistance limitations associated with the sole utilization of basalt fiber while further augmenting the tensile strength and strain capacity. Nonetheless, it is particularly noteworthy that heightening the dosage of both calcium carbonate whiskers and basalt fibers concurrently gives rise to augmented porosity of phosphogypsum and lowered compressive strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the addition of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and/or graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) to basalt fiber (BF)-reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) matrix composites at different weight ratios, both alone and hybrid, on the composite properties. Mechanical, tribological, thermal, and thermomechanical properties of the composites were evaluated using analyses such as tensile test at different ambient temperatures (23 °C and 70 °C), adhesive wear test, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results of the tensile test at 70 °C showed that the addition of 0.3 wt% GnP and 1 wt% hBN to the BF-reinforced composites resulted in a 40% increase in tensile strength. In addition, the composite containing 0.3 wt% GnP and 10 wt% hBN showed a 25% increase in high-temperature tensile strength, a 37% decrease in COF value, and a 10 °C improvement in T40% thermal decomposition temperature. Furthermore, the analysis results showed that the hybrid inclusion of GnP and hBN to the BF-reinforced PPS matrix composites improved the high-temperature tensile strength, adhesive wear resistance and thermal resistance properties. As a result, it is concluded that the hybrid use of GnP and hBN provides superior properties to the composites for advanced composite applications where mechanical, tribological and thermal performance is required along with electrical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basalt fibers were widely used as reinforcing matrix materials because of their thermal and chemical stability and environmental friendliness. The properties of composite materials were affected by the interaction between the basalt fibers and matrix materials. Surface modification of basalt fibers and the dispersion property have become key points of research in recent years. This study focuses on the impact of a dispersant on surface modification. Basalt fibers were dispersed by polyethylene glycol (PEG) before modification with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550), which significantly increased the surface roughness, thus increasing the surface area and facilitating mechanical bonding. The morphology, structure, and composition were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis (XPS), respectively. The distribution characteristics of fiber were evaluated by the response surface method. When the mass fraction of PEG was 0.5 wt.%, the modification time was 2.5 hours, and the modification temperature was 60°C, the fiber dispersion degree in KH550 solution reached 83%. The grafting degree test indicates that the weight of the grafting increased to 6.67 times that of the undispersed basalt fibers. This enhancement allowed for greater grafting of the KH550, thereby optimizing the effect of modified fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibers which are used to increase the tensile strength of cementitious systems adversely affect the fluidity by making the mixture more cohesive. The effect of fiber type and utilization rate on the rheological and thixotropic characteristics of cementitious systems was a topic covered in the current study. For this, mortar mixtures containing polypropylene, polyamide (PA), and basalt fibers with a 6 mm length were created in three different ratios (0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%). According to results, PA- and basalt fiber-containing mixtures showed the best and worst performances, in terms of flowability performance, respectively. In fiber mixes including basalt, the maximum dynamic yield stress (DYS) value was identified. The use of high-range water-reducing admixtures and an increase in the water/cement ratio were shown to result in a drop in the values of DYS, apparent viscosity, the Herschel–Buckley Index, and structural recovery area. It was discovered that fibrous mixtures had a larger structural recovery (anti-thixotropic) area than fiber-free ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the development process of heavy oil with steam huff and puff, the wellbore undergoes alternating conditions of temperature rise and fall, leading to a significant decline in the strength of the cement sheath. This work studied the inhibition effect and mechanism of the composite material composed of mullite and basalt fiber on the strength decline of cement stone (the hardened body of cement slurry) under simulated wellbore temperature alternating conditions from 80 °C to 260 °C. The pore structure distribution of cement stone was investigated by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), the microstructure and phase composition of cement stone was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), together with quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. After 4 rounds of curing under alternating temperature conditions, the compressive strength of cement stone containing mullite and basalt fiber composite material was 28.6 MPa at 260 °C, which was only 9.2 % lower than that at 80 °C. However, the compressive strength of the blank cement stone without composite materials decreased to 22.5 MPa at 260 °C, which was 20 % lower than that at 80 °C. After 4 rounds of alternating temperature cured, the harmful pores of the cement stone without composite materials increase, and the xonotlite flakes and stacks together. The cement stone added with mullite has a finer pore structure after 4 rounds of alternating temperature cured because mullite reacts with portlandite to form C-A-S-H gel. The xonotlite remains fibrous, and a small amount of new phase hibschite is formed. Furthermore, basalt fiber can react with C-A-S-H gel at high temperatures, and the two phases are closely combined to further improve the high-temperature resistance of cement stone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epoxy composites with simultaneously enhanced tribological and mechanical properties filled with basalt belt/reduced graphene oxide/paraffin wax (EP/BF/RGO/PW) have been successfully prepared. Experimental results indicated that the mechanical property of the composites was reinforced by basalt belt, and the tribological property was greatly improved by reduced graphene oxide/paraffin wax at the same time. Thanks to the synergy of PW and RGO sheets, the optimized coefficient of friction and wear rate of the composite declined by 77.5% and 14.4% than pure EP under dry friction conditions of 60 N and 0.42 m s-1. In comparison to pure EP, the tensile strength and modulus of the optimized composite increased by 75.5% and 100% on account of the robust basalt fibers. Thus, the combination of basalt fiber and reduced graphene oxide/paraffin wax can readily realize the introduction of enhancer and oil-impregnation in EP, offering a promising approach for simultaneously improving the mechanical and tribological properties of epoxy. Highlights • A novel BF/RGO/PW 3D skeleton was developed via a facile hydrothermal method. • The BF/RGO/PW can enhance the mechanical and tribological properties of EP. • The basalt fibers account for the improvement in mechanical property. • A reduction of 77.5% in COF and a decrease of 14.4% in wear rate were realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable composites are presently employed in applications where structural demands are minimal. Basalt fiber reinforced PLA (BFPLA) and polybutylene succinate (BFPBS) composites, incorporates bio-based materials, offer the potential to reduce non-renewable resource consumption and improve end-of-life disposal practices. Given the significance of thermal aging in semi-structural applications and the necessity for open holes (notches) for installation and assembly, little is known about how thermal cycling (TC) affects the open-hole strength of sustainable composites. This experimental work establishes a quantitative relationship between open-hole strength and TC, taking into account varying abrasive waterjet pressures, and explores the impacts of thermal aging on the notch sensitivity, thermal, mechanical, and physical properties. BFPBS displayed better unnotched tensile strength and notched strength than prethermal BFPLA specimens after they have been subjected to 100 TC ranging from -20 to 55°C. Thermal aging significantly influenced notch sensitivity, emphasizing its consideration in evaluating notch performance. This research provides a significant contribution to our current understanding of the effects of thermal aging on sustainable composites, enabling their informed application in a variety of industries and the results highlight their promising potential, in particular BFPBS, as strong alternative for medium load applications. Highlights • Evaluated thermal aging effects on basalt fiber (BF) composites, revealing improved properties in BF/PBS composites after thermal cycles. • Established quantitative link between mechanical behavior and thermal cycling using varying waterjet pressure values. • Basalt fibers enhanced crystallinity and thermal stability of PLA and PBS polymers, showing promise for sustainable composites. • Notch sensitivity impacted by thermal aging, underlining the importance of considering these effects in notch performance evaluation. • BF/PBS composites demonstrated potential as robust alternatives for indoor products and sports equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In salt lake areas, cast-in situ concrete structures are subjected to long-term corrosion by sulfate and magnesium ions. The properties of concrete can be improved by adding materials like basalt fiber (BF). To investigate the degradation process and mechanism of cast-in situ concrete with premixed BF under the dual corrosion of sulfate and magnesium salts, concrete with a content of BF ranging from 0 to 0.5% was prepared. Specimens were subjected to different internal and external corrosion conditions and immersed for 180 days. Dimension, mass, and appearance changes at different immersion times were recorded. The compressive and flexural strength of the specimens were tested and continually observed throughout the immersion time. Mineral and microstructural changes at different immersion times were determined by the XRD, TG, and SEM analysis methods. Results indicated that external sulfate–internal magnesium combined attack had a significant negative effect on the early strength. The compressive and flexural strength of the corroded specimens decreased by 17.2% and 14.1%, respectively, compared to the control group at 28 days. The premixed magnesium ions caused the decomposition of the C-S-H gel, resulting in severe spalling and lower mechanical properties after immersing for a long time. As the BF can inhibit crack development, the properties of the concrete premixed with BF were improved. Specimens exhibited superior performance at a BF content of 0.5%, resulting in a 16.2% increase in flexural strength. This paper serves as a valuable reference for the application of basalt fiber-reinforced concrete under the challenging conditions of sulfate–magnesium combined attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the influence of material factors on the properties of basalt fiber-reinforced pavement concrete (BFRPC), orthogonal test was designed to test the strength, impermeability, and frost resistance of BFRPC. The change trend of properties with various factors was analyzed, and the reasonable dosage ranges were recommended. The results show that the content of basalt fiber and fly ash is the main factor affecting the compressive strength, while the principal elements affecting flexural strength are the content and length of basalt fiber. The electric flux of BFRPC increases 9.6–11.2% with the rise of fiber length, but the impermeability can be improved by adding fly ash. Basalt fiber and superplasticizer are beneficial to improve the frost resistance. Basalt fiber with 12 mm are recommended for use in pavement concrete with a content of 0.06–0.08%, and the dosage of fly ash and superplasticizer is 20 and 0.8–0.9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using epoxy resin E51 as the matrix material and acetone as the diluent, basalt fiber/resin based composite concrete was prepared by adding basalt fibers. The influence of basalt fiber doping amount on the mechanical properties and frost resistance of the composite concrete was investigated. The results showed that the number of macro cracks in the composite concrete was reduced after adding proper amount of basalt fiber. The basalt fiber was distributed in the concrete crosswise and lengthways, closely combined with gel and aggregate, and the mechanical properties of the concrete were significantly improved. With the increase of basalt fiber doping, the compressive strength, flexural strength, and relative dynamic elastic modulus of composite concrete first increased and then slightly decreased, and the mass loss first decreased and then increased. When the content of basalt fiber doping was 0.60 vol%, the compressive strength and flexural strength of composite concrete reached their maximum values, which were 41.63 and 8.90 MPa, respectively. After 100 freeze-thaw cycles, the maximum relative dynamic elastic modulus was 59.54%, and the minimum mass loss rate was 1.02%. Its mechanical and frost resistance properties were the best. Through curve fitting analysis of the mass loss rate and the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, it could be concluded that the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity was more sensitive to freeze-thaw cycles and more suitable for evaluating the service life of concrete. The estimated lifespan of concrete with a 0.60 vol% doping content of basalt fibers tested could reach 9.84 years, which was 51.38% higher than that of the undoped sample. Overall, the optimal doping amount for basalt fibers was 0.60 vol %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber-reinforced emulsified asphalt (FEA) is widely used in asphalt pavement structures as a stress-absorption layer. This study aimed at developing a multifunctional fiber-reinforced emulsified asphalt (MFEA) by empowering the FEA with the self-sensing ability. To achieve this purpose, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grafted onto the basalt fibers in the FEA. An optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were respectively used to investigate the distribution of CNTs onto the fibers and the microstructure of CNT/fiber composite (CFC). The fabrication process of CFC was optimized based on the distribution homogeneity of the CNTs. The self-sensing ability of the MFEA was then evaluated in the laboratory using an electrochemical workstation. Based on the experimental and analytical results, 1.5 mg/mL was recommended as the optimal dosage of the suspension of CNTs for grafting CNTs onto the fiber. The electrical resistance of the developed MFEA was found to be isotropic and sensitive to the demulsification state, EA/CFC mass ratio, temperature, loading speed, and deformation magnitude, which confirms the potential of using developed MFEA as a self-sensing layer to monitor its response to environmental and traffic variation. Besides, the direct tension and pull-out tests indicate the positive influence of grafting CNTs onto basalt fibers on the mechanical performance of FEA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the strength of basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) was investigated. Four percentages of basalt fiber (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4%) by volume fraction were added to concrete mix and BFRC cubes of 150 mm size were prepared and tested after 28 days curing age. It was found that the compressive strength of concrete with basalt fibers (1–4 percent) decreased in the range of 9.71–18.62 percent for M25. To predict the compressive strength of BFRC, three soft computing techniques, i.e., Random Forest (RF), Stochastic Random Tree, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were applied for Nine inputs, i.e., Cement, Fine Aggregate, Coarse Aggregate, Water, Fly Ash, Superplasticizer, BF, length of Fiber, curing time, and which is Compressive Strength as output. The results showed correlation coefficient (CC) were (0.9938, 0.9755), (0.9985, 0.9342), and (0.9793, 0.7308) in training and testing stages, respectively, for RF, Stochastic RT and ANN. The Stochastic Random Tree was the outperforming model among the three applied ones. The sensitivity analysis showed that curing period is the most critical input in compressive strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basalt fiber (BF) reinforced polymer composite containing nanoparticles is an efficient approach to improve the matrix dominated features. The objective of this study is to investigate the static and dynamic mechanical properties of CaCO3 modified epoxy/BF composites. The composite laminates were fabricated through the hand‐layup process. Tensile and bending tests were conducted according to the ASTM D 3039 and ASTM D 790, respectively. The tensile and flexural properties were improved significantly when CaCO3 particles were embedded in the BF/epoxy composites. The tensile strength increased by ~25.05% at 1 wt% loading (B2) of CaCO3. The flexural strength improvement was ~61.3% for the same amount of CaCO3 loading. The viscoelastic as well as the thermal properties were also improved in the B2 composite specimen. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were employed to characterize the fracture surfaces. Therefore, BF reinforced composites combined low manufacturing costs with excellent mechanical and thermal capabilities, making them ideally suited to a variety of engineering applications. Highlights: The calcinated CaCO3 effectively improved the mechanical properties.The effect of CaCO3 on the thermal behavior of laminates were studied.Eco‐friendly dispersion process required no solvents.The effect of the nanoparticles on the interfacial properties were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increase in population, the demand for buildings increases. The engineering properties of the soils on which these structures will be built may not always meet the desired conditions. In such cases, soil improvement methods are used. One of these methods is additive used stabilization, in which additives such as lime, fly ash, volcanic ash and tuff, silica fume, and blast furnace slag are used. This method has been used successfully for years. However, in recent years, interest in the use of different types of fibers has increased. Some of these fibers are glass, basalt, polypropylene, and carbon. Basalt fibers have begun to attract attention in soil reinforcement applications due to the properties of their raw material, basalt rock, which is widely distributed in nature, natural, and has high strength. In this study, the effect of basalt fiber reinforcement on the unconfined compressive strength of high plasticity bentonite clay was revealed. For this purpose, 12 mm long basalt fiber in different proportions (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) was used as reinforcement in bentonite clay, and the optimum fiber ratio that provided the maximum increase in strength was determined. According to the results of the study, when 12 mm long basalt fiber was used as reinforcement in bentonite clay, the maximum strength value was obtained at a 4% basalt fiber ratio. However, the strength value decreased in the sample where 5% BF was used. It has been determined that basalt fiber reinforcement improves the strength properties of bentonite clay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many materials used for stabilization or reinforcement of low strength soils. While additives such as fly ash, lime, tuff, silica fume are preferred in stabilization works, fibers are used in reinforcement works. The use of fiber, which has emerged as an alternative to traditional methods, has become widespread. The most preferred fiber types in soil reinforcement are glass, carbon, polypropylene and basalt fibers. Basalt fiber, which is produced from basalt rock and widely distributed in nature, was chosen as a reinforcement material in this study, which is increasingly used due to its high strength, economic, environmentally friendly, natural and many other superior properties. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of basalt fiber ratio on strength in low plasticity kaolin clay reinforced with basalt fiber. For this purpose, unconfined pressure tests were carried out on cylindrical samples prepared by adding 6 mm long basalt fiber at different rates to clay and compressing it at optimum water content. In the samples reinforced with basalt fiber, the maximum strength was obtained from the sample which has 2 % basalt fiber ratio. It was determined that the strength decreased in samples with higher basalt fiber content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fly ash-based geopolymers represent a new material, which can be considered an alternative to ordinary Portland cement. MiniBars™ are basalt fiber composites, and they were used to reinforce the geopolymer matrix for the creation of unidirectional MiniBars™ reinforced geopolymer composites (MiniBars™ FRBCs). New materials were obtained by incorporating variable amount of MiniBars™ (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 vol.% MiniBars™) in the geopolymer matrix. Geopolymers were prepared by mixing fly ash powder with Na2SiO3 and NaOH as alkaline activators. MiniBars™ FRBCs were cured at 70 °C for 48 h and tested for different mechanical properties. Optical microscopy and SEM were employed to investigate the fillers and MiniBars™ FRBC. MiniBars™ FRBC showed increasing mechanical properties by an increased addition of MiniBars™. The mechanical properties of MiniBars™ FRBC increased more than the geopolymer wtihout MiniBars™: the flexural strength > 11.59–25.97 times, the flexural modulus > 3.33–5.92 times, the tensile strength > 3.50–8.03 times, the tensile modulus > 1.12–1.30 times, and the force load at upper yield tensile strength > 4.18–7.27 times. SEM and optical microscopy analyses were performed on the fractured surface and section of MiniBars™ FRBC and confirmed a good geopolymer network around MiniBars™. Based on our results, MiniBars™ FRBC could be a very promising green material for buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to enhance traditional building materials, High-performance concrete (HPC) is being modified by adding carbon and basalt fibers with volume contents of 0.75–1.25% and 0.15–0.35%, respectively. The original mechanical properties are maintained while developing the material's intelligent self-sensing and self-heating functions, which are tested for pressure sensitivity and bending sensitivity, and with electrothermal tests. The results demonstrate that carbon fiber can significantly reduce the matrix resistivity of high-performance concrete, reaching the percolation threshold at a content of 1%. The inclusion of basalt fibers in the material results in a decrease in resistivity. However, the addition of mixed fibers leads to improved mechanical–electrical sensitivity under compression and bending, with a positive hybrid effect. The optimal contents for carbon fiber and basalt are 0.75% and 0.3%, respectively. In electrothermal tests, the specimen can reach a temperature of 104.5 °C with a heating rate of 25.86 °C/h, indicating the potential for self-monitoring and the electric melting of ice and snow. These findings provide support for the intelligent improvement of building structures in the new era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing concern of climate change and waste pollution is causing a shift in products towards green materials. The automotive industry is exploring environmentally friendly alternatives to glass fibers (GF). This research focuses on understanding interactions between constituents of biocomposites made up of basalt fiber (BF) and hemp hurd particle fiber (HF) reinforced polypropylene (PP), and statistically comparing the mechanical properties. The addition of a coupling agent has significantly improved the performance and fiber-matrix interactions in the biocomposite blends. The elastic modulus of some BF/HF/PP mixtures were comparable to the GF/PP composite; however, the GF still outperformed in strength. Rotational and capillary rheometer analysis determined the viscosities of all formulations displaying that basalt composites were consistently lower in viscosity than the glass fiber composite, indicating easier processing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-situ resource utilization is extremely important to not only support additive construction on the Moon but also to minimize the weight of transportation. The work outlined in this study presents a possible solution to supporting lunar additive construction by the formulation of fiber-reinforced geopolymers using lunar regolith simulants. Two types of regolith simulants were utilized to synthesize the fiber-reinforced geopolymers developed in this study (i.e., Lunar Mare Simulant (LMS-1) and Lunar Highlands Simulant (LHS-1)). The material properties and variables investigated were the simulant type, flowability, the effect of curing temperature on compressive strength, fiber type, and flexural strength. The results were supplemented with chemical and microstructural analysis. It was observed that the LHS-1 geopolymer exhibited higher compressive strength compared to that of the LMS-1 geopolymer. High-temperature curing at 93 °C and 5 % RH for 72 h was found to show a significant strength development on the LHS-1 geopolymer. However, the LMS-1 geopolymer did not show any significant strength development irrespective of curing conditions. The combination of equal proportions of LMS-1 and LHS-1 produced a geopolymer with a flow value of 94 mm, compressive strength of 29.75 MPa, and flexural strength of 2.32 MPa when cured at high temperatures. Adding basalt fibers and human hair fibers improved the flexural strength by up to 32 % and 15 %, but reduced the compressive strength. This is validated by SEM analysis which confirms that the fibers act as nucleation sites to significantly improve the flexural strength and microstructure of the lunar geopolymer. • Lunar geopolymers were formulated using two regolith simulants. • Mechanical properties of the lunar geopolymers were tested. • Basalt fibers and human-hair fibers were used to improve the tensile properties of lunar geopolymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the compression behavior of basalt fiber desert sand concrete column. Twelve test columns were designed by adding basalt fiber (BF) to desert sand concrete. The desert sand concrete columns with BF content of 0%, 0. 05%, 0. 1% and 0. 15% were subjected to axial compression and static loading tests with eccentricity of 0 mm, 60 mm and 120 mm, respectively. The apparent characteristics, failure forms, bearing capacity, lateral deformation, load-compression and strain curves of concrete and reinforcement of basalt fiber desert sand concrete columns were analyzed. The results show that the addition of BF can effectively prevent the surface cracking during the initial setting of the column. With the increase of BF content, the compressive strength, bearing capacity, compressive strain and lateral deformation in the column increase first and then decrease. And the bias test shows that it can improve the tensile strength of desert sand concrete to a certain extent. It is found that some laws and relevant codes of ordinary concrete are also applicable to desert sand concrete, and eccentric compression basically conforms to the assumption of plane section. When the BF content is 0. 1%, the mechanical properties of each column reach the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic compression test was carried out on basalt fiber reinforced early strength concrete (BFRESC) with ages of 4–24 h by the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test system. The effects of curing age and basalt fiber content on dynamic mechanical properties of ESC was analyzed. The result shows that the dynamic compressive strength and specific energy absorption of BFRESC at early ages increase continuously with the increase of fiber content. The dynamic compressive strength of concrete at the early ages increases exponentially with the strain rate. With the increase of curing age, the strain rate sensitivity of dynamic compressive strength of concrete increases gradually, and the strain rate sensitivity of dynamic compressive strength of BFRESC with fiber content of 0.1% is the strongest. The specific energy absorption of concrete at early ages increases linearly with the strain rate. With the increase of curing age, the strain rate sensitivity of specific energy absorption of concrete increases gradually, and basalt fiber can enhance the strain rate sensitivity of specific energy absorption of concrete. Based on the comparison with the formula for dynamic increase factor (DIF) calculation provided by Comite Euro‐International du Beton (CEB), etc., a model of DIF based on the increase of curing age is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In fiber metal laminates (FMLs), the order in which fibers with different natural properties are stacked is very important for making materials that absorb vibrations and have good mechanical properties for structural applications. Hence, the present study focuses on the mechanical and vibration characteristics of FML designed with multi‐order energy‐absorbing flax fiber and high‐strength basalt fiber stacking covered with titanium sheets. The fabricated FMLs were designed with titanium/basalt fiber laminate (Ti/B), titanium/flax fiber laminate (Ti/F) and titanium/multi‐order‐flax‐basalt fiber laminate. The mechanical characteristics including tensile, flexural, and impact strength; and vibration characteristics of prepared FMLs were investigated. The higher tensile and flexural strength were revealed in an FML consisting of basalt layers (Ti/B) laminate than the flax core part (Ti/F) due to the strongness of basalt fiber, increasing the capability of load‐bearing of composites. Ti/B FML showed a maximum tensile strength and flexural strength of 412 and 450 MPa. Furthermore, flax fiber absorbs more energy, so the flax layer's inbuilt structure increases energy absorption during impact and vibration testing. Ti/F exhibits the highest impact strength (427.8 kJ/m2) and Ti/B exhibits the lowest impact strength (312.5 kJ/m2) because flax fibers are more ductile than basalt fibers, increasing the toughness of the FML. Ti/F FML structure, the greatest natural frequency of modes 1, 2, and 3 (549.03, 715.07, and 956.15 Hz) was observed. Natural fiber hybridization designed for FML, such as the Ti/B/F laminate, improved mechanical and vibration properties, making it suitable for structural applications. Highlights: Fiber metal laminates were designed with titanium/flax/basalt.FMLs stacked composites significantly affect the mechanical properties.The basalt fiber, increases the capability of load‐bearing of FMLs.The damping of FMLs increases with the increase in flax fiber layers.Flax‐basalt fibers stacked FMLs produce tunable impact and vibration energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the feasibility of basalt fiber (BF) mortar applied to support in complex underground environment, four kinds of BF mortar with different contents (0, 0. 2%, 0. 4%, 0. 6% ) were prepared before testing. The dynamic compressive strength was tested by Φ74 mm variable cross-section split Hopkinson pressure bar ( SHPB) device. The static uniaxial compressive strength was tested by universal testing machine. The dynamic mechanical properties of BF mortar were studied by comparing the dynamic compressive strength, ultimate toughness, peak strain and dynamic growth factor. The results show that the cement mortar with BF has good impact resistance. The peak stress, ultimate toughness, peak strain and dynamic growth factor of mortar are improved with the increase of BF content. When the BF content is 0. 6%, the BF cement mortar has highest peak stress at the same strain rate, and the peak strain increases by 19. 26% at 80 s-1 strain rate. After 65 s-1, the BF cement mortar has highest ultimate toughness and the dynamic growth factor. The more the BF content, the larger the particle size of the fragments formed after mortar impact. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and damage morphology showed that BF could form a good restraint effect in cement mortar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, epoxy (EP) resin composites with multi-scale reinforcements were prepared by hand lay-up and hot-pressing. The epoxy was reinforced with basalt fibers (BF) modified with a silane coupling agent (KH560). Carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were also grafted onto the surface of the modified BF using an impregnation method to achieve BF/CNTs multi-scale reinforcement. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that KH560 was successfully grafted onto the BF surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicated a better resin adhesion on the BF and thus a stronger interfacial interaction in the BF/CNTs-reinforced composite. It was observed that the mass fraction of KH560 was a significant parameter in achieving desirable CNT immobilization and mechanical properties of the composites. At an optimal mass fraction of KH560 (5%), the tensile, flexural, and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the modified composite (BF-5%KH560-CNT/EP) increased by 12.5%, 20.9%, and 25.5% respectively compared with the BF-washed/EP composite due to more efficient load transfer. In addition, compared with BF-washed/EP, the decomposition onset temperature of BF-5%KH560-CNT/EP increased from 387°C to 396°C, the maximum decomposition rate temperature increased from 400°C to 408°C, and the residual weight increased by 5.8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the tensile strength of the polypropylene-based bio-composites reinforced with natural kenaf fibers, basalt fiber, and nanographenes. The response surface methodology was used to investigate the behavior of the bio-composites based on the weight percentage of basalt and kenaf fibers and nanographenes. The behavior of the samples was analyzed using the tensile test, and the results were interpreted using field emission scanning electron microscope images. The fracture surface of the samples indicated the fibers' breakage and their separation as well as the pullout of the fibers from the substrate as the main mechanisms in improving the behavior of the bio-composite under study. Then, the multi-objective optimization was performed by increasing the tensile strength and elastic modulus and reducing the weight of the samples, and a Pareto diagram was drawn according to the design objectives. The results showed that the bio-composite sample in the optimal status with the maximum tensile strength of 30.9481 MPa and the lowest weight includes 15% kenaf fibers and 0.862% graphene nanoparticles. Moreover, the optimal sample of the bio-composite with the highest elastic modulus of 3.5126 GPa and the minimum weight of 1.626 g consists of 15% of kenaf fiber and 1.5% of graphene nanoparticles. Twenty-seven percent reduction in composite weight by optimizing the amount of reinforcements causes the weight of the final structure to be significantly reduced in the use of these composite plates in high volumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freeze–thaw (F-T) is one of the principal perils afflicting concrete pavements. A remedial strategy used during construction encompasses the integration of hybrid fibers into the concrete matrix. An extant research gap persists in elucidating the damage mechanism inherent in hybrid steel fiber (SF)- and basalt fiber (BF)-reinforced concrete subjected to F-T conditions. This paper empirically investigated the durability performance of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HFRC) subjected to F-T cycles. The impact of SF/BF hybridization on mass loss, abrasion resistance, compressive strength, flexural strength, damaged layer thickness, and the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity (RDME) was examined. The damage mechanism was explored using micro-hardness and SEM analysis. The results indicate that incorporating hybrid SF/BF effectively enhances the F-T resistance of concrete and prolongs the service life of concrete pavement. The mechanisms underlying these trends can be traced back to robust bonding at the fiber/matrix interface. Randomly dispersed SFs and BFs contribute to forming a three-dimensional spatial structure within the concrete matrix, suppressing the expansion of internal cracks caused by accumulated hydrostatic pressure during the F-T cycle. This research outcome establishes a theoretical foundation for the application of HFRC to concrete pavements in cold regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As environmental pollution continues to rise, the demand for biodegradable materials, particularly biodegradable foams, is steadily increasing. We prepared high-density foam using extended poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (E-PBAT) and poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), with basalt fiber (BF) serving as the filler, through an extrusion process. We conducted a detailed study to investigate the impact of PPC and BF content on the foaming of E-PBAT. We conducted a detailed study on how PPC and BF content influence the foaming of E-PBAT. This investigation revealed the formation of various phase morphologies within the composites, including "island-sea," "quasi-co-continuous," and "co-continuous" structures, which, in turn, altered the cellular morphology. The BF network played a crucial role as a structural backbone, enhancing the composite material's modulus, yield strength, and rheological complex viscosity (|η*|). Additionally, fiber networks can also serve as nucleation sites to promote cell nucleation and increase cell density. A higher cell density allows for more effective force transfer when the foam experiences external pressures, thereby enhancing its mechanical properties. We also summarized the mechanisms behind the changes in phase structure and fiber content on cell morphology. This summary provides valuable guidance for research on the extrusion foaming of biodegradable materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both calcium lignosulfonate and basalt fiber can be used as soil amendments. Basalt fiber can effectively improve the cohesion and shear strength of soil, while calcium lignosulfonate can effectively improve the water stability and water holding capacity of soil. In order to explore the effect of their combined use, the effects of adding calcium lignosulfonate, basalt fiber and their combined addition on the mechanical properties and erosion resistance of loess slope were studied by soil tests and artificial rainfall erosion tests. The results show that the composite use of basalt fiber and calcium lignosulfonate can significantly improve the mechanical indexes of loess, and 1.5% calcium lignosulfonate plus 0.4% basalt fiber is the optimal dosage. Under the optimal ratio condition, the cohesion and internal friction angle of the improved soil have been increased by 67.2% and 17.8% respectively, compared with that of 1.5% calcium lignosulfonate and 14.4% and 9.8% respectively, compared with that of 0.4% basalt fiber. In addition, the disintegration rate is significantly lower than that of plain soil. The permeability of the improved loess slope has been increased significantly, the permeability coefficient decreased, the rainwater infiltration slowed down, and the corrosion resistance increased significantly. Under the condition of rainfall intensity of 50 mm/h and rainfall duration of 3 h, the cumulative brush amount is 99.8% less than that of plain soil slope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio, basalt fiber (BF) dosage, and exposure temperature as variation parameters, 162 specimens were designed and fabricated to examine the influence of elevated temperature exposure on the indirect tensile properties of basalt fiber-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (BFRRC). The BFRRC specimens underwent splitting tensile and flexural tests after exposure to an elevated temperature. The failure modes of the specimens were observed and the effects of the variation parameters on the indirect tensile properties of BFRRC were analyzed. Simultaneously, the interrelationships among splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and cubic compressive strength were examined. Results show that, the functional correlations among the aforementioned strength indices are determined. The temperature exerts the greatest influence on the failure mode of BFRRC. In addition, the inclusion of fibers improves the damage degree, while the effect of replacement ratio is insignificant. The mechanical properties of BFRRC, including its indirect tensile strength, exhibit a decrease with increasing replacement ratio and temperature. Conversely, an increase in fiber dosage enhances these qualities. The conclusions obtained in this study provide a reference to the application of BFRRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of investigations of the chemical and mineralogical composition and main characteristics are presented to determine the suitability of trachybasalt porphyrite of the Karabulak section of the Gavasai deposit in Uzbekistan for preparing thermal insulation material, in particular mineral fiber. It was found that this new deposit of igneous rock can be used as the main raw material component in the manufacture of basalt fiber products, a widely demanded and modern material in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of foam in polypropylene/basalt fiber (PP/BF) composite materials is currently unsatisfactory, which restricts their use in industrial applications. To address this limitation, the objective of this study is to improve the foaming properties of PP/BF composite foam by modifying their rheological and crystallization behavior using polyethylene–octene (POE) blending modification. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of POE has a beneficial impact on the rheological and crystallization characteristics of PP/BF composites. Consequently, this creates favorable conditions for the foaming process of PP/BF composite foam. It is conducive to obtaining high foaming quality PP/BF composite foam. The results demonstrate that a 5 wt% POE content yields the best foaming performance for the PP/BF composite foam, with the most uniform cell distribution, a cell size of 54 μm and a cell density is measured at 3.43 × 107 cells/cm3. The optimal temperature range for foaming is between 180 and 200°C. The introduction of POE in PP/BF composite foam may lead to a decrease in its tensile and flexural strength. However, this drawback is offset by a significant improvement in the notch impact strength of the foam. This study's findings will enhance our understanding of the production and application of PP/BF composite foam, making it a valuable material for applications that require exceptional toughness. Highlights: Improved the crystallization and rheological properties of PP/BF composites.Significantly improve the foaming quality of PP/BF composites.Make PP/BF composite foam has excellent impact toughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility and technical efficiency of the use of the FA-513 nanomodifier in the formulations of lubricants (Nos. 76 and 4S) are confirmed. The optimal concentrations of FA-513 are found with an impregnation method for lubricants in the production of microplastics. The resulting microplastics exhibit increases in physical and mechanical properties of 12–25%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber-reinforced composites are one of the most used construction materials. Nowadays, some types of fibers like steel, carbon, glass and basalt are commonly used in these composites. However, the production of these fibers consumes natural resources and a high amount of energy. Researchers have started working on natural fibers to reduce commonly used fibers productions' drawbacks for more sustainable composites. However, the effect of natural fibers on the properties of cement-based composites -especially fracture energy-still needs further research and comparing with the behavior of commonly used fibers. In this study the effect of hemp fiber on the mechanical properties and fracture energy of cement-based fiber-reinforced mortar mixtures was investigated. The results were compared with those of the basalt fiber-reinforced mixtures. The results showed that the flexural strength and fracture energy improved with the use of hemp and basalt fiber compared to the fiberfree mixture. The flexural strength increased up to 10.7% and 19.6% with the inclusion of hemp and basalt fibers, respectively. The mean peak load and fracture energy of hemp fiber-reinforced mortar was higher than those of the fiber-free mixture by 32.2% and 17.9%, respectively. The corresponding values for basalt fiber addition 60.8% and 146.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of structural strengthening, the need to replace common composite materials with sustainable ones has been developing in the last decade. Sustainable composite materials, such as a natural fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix (NFRCM), are both eco-friendly regarding the reinforcing fibers and the matrix. For the purpose of this work, in the first part, a type of natural fiber made with basalt was investigated. In particular, various matrices with different compositions and mechanical properties were considered during the laboratory design and production of composite materials. One inorganic and two organic matrices were studied, classifying and analyzing them in terms of compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength. After that, basalt fibers and NFRCM specimens were characterized under tensile stress using the different type of matrix mentioned previously. All the matrices were made with the same mortar and differ because of the resin component. Specifically, the first was the only matrix made of an inorganic resin. The second and the third shared the same resin but had different resin mortar weight ratios. Only the second type had a nonnegligible water content. In particular, tests were conducted on five basalt strips, nine prisms subjected to three-point bending and compression tests (three for each type of matrix) and 15 basalt FRCM composites samples (also with five for each type of matrix). The comparison of the results obtained on the analyzed composites are in accordance with the results found in literature. The second part of the present work consists of identifying through x-ray microtomography a correlation between the voids of the NFRCM and the adhesion between matrix and fiber. In fact, an x-ray microtomography was carried out to analyze the adhesion status between the cementitious matrix and the basalt fibers tested during the experimental campaign. The x-ray microtomography imaging was used to obtain a nondestructive two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) characterization of the specimens and to detect cracks and voids. A complete set of 2D projections was acquired and a 3D map of the x-ray absorption in the volume was mathematically reconstructed. The 3D map permitted the precise position of the voids and damage in the different specimens analyzed. In particular, we show that the percentage of fiber voids in the sample made with the inorganic resin was half that of the sample made with the organic resin, i.e., 1.8%±0.5% and 3.5%±0.5% respectively. The number of holes in the matrix of these two samples was comparable. The sample whose resin contains water, on the other hand, turned out to be considerably different. Specifically, at variance with the former samples, we found that the percentage of voids in the matrix of the latter was higher than 3%, Additionally, by examining the anisotropy of the voids in the basalt fibers, it was possible to show the relationship between mechanical stress and the presence of voids in the fibers. According to our findings, the percentage of voids in the fibers parallel to the tensile tension in the inorganic sample was about twice that of the fibers shifted perpendicularly to the tensile stress, i.e., 0.60%±0.03% and 0.34%±0.01% respectively: the sample stress can only explain this difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bonding properties of BFRP composites have been demonstrated in previous studies, satisfying the strength and durability criteria. In this paper, a further in-depth study is carried out to bond Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) to Aluminum Alloy 5052 using two bonding agents, Aralite® 2012 and Aralite® 2015, respectively. The salt sprays under 80 °C, 3.5% NaCl environment; 80 °C, 5% NaCl environment; and pure water environment are also considered for comparison. Experimental results show that joints created with Araldite® 2012 adhesives show higher average breaking strength (10.66 MPa at 720 h) and better ductility in a 5% NaCl environment. While the Araldite® 2015 adhesive joint exhibits a combination of tear failure and interface failure, along with thin-layer cohesion failure. In the SEM images of the two adhesive joints' failure, fiber pullout due to tension and damage at the interface between fiber and resin is apparent. To validate the experimental outcomes, water absorption testing, DSC, TGA-DTG, and FTIR experiments were conducted on dog-bone-shaped adhesive specimens to elucidate the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freeze–thaw effects pose the significant challenge to asphalt pavement durability, leading to various types of distress and deterioration. This study investigates the freeze–thaw damage mechanism of Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene (SBS) asphalt mixtures containing reinforcement fibers, specifically basalt fiber as well as lignocellulosic fiber, through a microscopic void characteristics analysis. This investigation aims to understand how the presence of basalt fiber as well as lignocellulosic fiber influences void characteristics for SBS asphalt mixtures during freeze–thaw cycles. A comprehensive experimental program was conducted for the void and mechanical characteristics, which involved the preparation of SBS asphalt mixtures containing basalt fiber as well as lignocellulosic fiber. The mechanical performances of the two types of asphalt mixtures decrease with more freeze–thaw cycles. The decline is faster initially and gradually slows down. Basalt-fiber-modified SMA-13 has higher air void content and mechanical properties compared to lignocellulosic-fiber-modified SMA-13, indicating that adding basalt fibers improves the mechanical performances of SMA-13 asphalt mixture. Both types of asphalt mixtures experience increasing damage with more freeze–thaw cycles, indicating irreversible damage. The stability damage levels are similar, but basalt-fiber-modified SMA-13 has lower splitting strength damage and stiffness modulus damage compared to lignocellulosic-fiber-modified SMA-13. This suggests that adding basalt fibers enhances the resistance to freeze–thaw damage. Surface wear of asphalt mixtures under repeated freeze–thaw cycles is a complex and dynamic process. Fractal theory can uncover the mechanism of surface wear, while describing surface wear behavior and void deformation characteristics using fractal dimension, angularity, roundness, and aspect ratio is a logical and effective approach. The findings provide insights into freeze–thaw damage mechanisms at the microscopic level, highlighting the effects of reinforcement fibers. They provide valuable insights that can be used to optimize the design and maintenance of asphalt pavements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of studies determining the iron-bearing phase of trachybasalt porphyrite from the Karabulak site of the Gavasay deposit of Uzbekistan using Mossbauer spectroscopy and its suitability for obtaining basalt fiber are presented. Continuous basalt fibers for heat-insulating materials could be obtained from this igneous rock without corrective additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aeolian sand flow is identified as the main factor in the formation of sandstorms. However, conventional sand fixation methods cannot meet the current development requirements of environmental protection. In this paper, the method using Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) combined with basalt fiber reinforcement (BFR) was adopted to solidify the aeolian sand. Consolidated undrained triaxial shear tests were carried out to analyze the influence of fiber content, fiber length, confining pressure, and other factors on stress–strain characteristics, peak strength, brittleness index, and shear strength of aeolian sand. A shear strength model of aeolian sand solidification using MICP-BFR and considering the effect of fiber length and fiber content is established according to the test results. The results show that the peak strength of aeolian sand solidified by MICP-BFR is remarkably higher than that of aeolian sand solidified by MICP alone, and the peak strength rises with the increasing fiber length, fiber content, and confining pressure. The application of fiber can effectively reduce the brittleness index of aeolian sand solidified by MICP and improve the sample ductility. As fiber content and fiber length increase, the cohesion of solidified aeolian sand increases while the internal friction angle changes relatively little. In the limited range set by the test, the fiber length of 12 mm and the fiber content of 1.0% constitute the optimum reinforcement condition. The test results coincide with the model prediction results, indicating that the new model is fitting for predicting the shear strength of aeolian sand solidified by MICP-BFR. The research results provide an important reference value for guiding the practice of wind prevention and sand fixation in desert areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) in construction is one of the most effective ways to solve the environmental problems of concrete waste. The purpose of the present study is to improve the high-temperature resistance of RAC by incorporating hybrid cellulose and basalt fibers. The mechanical properties of the specimens with different volume fractions of cellulose and basalt fibers after high temperature were studied. Additionally, in order to study the degradation behavior of the specimens, the microstructure of interface between fibers and the cement matrix of RAC was examined by scanning electron microscope. Results show that hybrid fiber can reduce the explosive spalling and mass loss of RAC after being subjected to high temperatures. Compared with the brittle failure of RAC, the failure mode of hybrid fiber recycled aggregate concrete (HFRAC) was transformed into ductile failure under compression and splitting test. After high temperature, the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of HFRAC were higher than those of RAC, and the cellulose–basalt fibers displayed an excellent synergistic effect on the mechanical properties of RAC. Among all the RAC specimens with different volume fractions of cellulose and basalt fibers, specimen hybrid with 0.15% cellulose fiber and 0.15% basalt fiber showed the best mechanical properties. Microstructure analysis research shows that small channels can be left in the matrix after the melting of cellulose fiber after elevated temperature, which improves the permeability of concrete and reduces the spalling damage of RAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basalt fiber (BF) is deemed a new environmentally friendly and high-performance fiber material due to its high strength, electrical insulation, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance. Yet, the surface inertness restricts its practical application. In this work, the BF was irradiated and activated by electron beam, followed by in situ growth of SiO2 using a hydrothermal method, then composites with polypropylene (PP) were prepared by microinjection molding. According to the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), more active sites can be formed after irradiation, thus more SiO2 nanoparticles were generated on the surface of BF. Consequently, the rough surface of modified BF could provide stronger shear force during melt processing and resulted in a higher orientation of the molecular chains, increasing the lamellar thickness and generating more highly ordered β crystals in the composites. I400BF-gSiO2 exhibited the highest content of β crystals with the crystallinity of 53.62% and orientation of β (300) crystal plane of 0.91, which were 8.66% and 0.04 higher than those of the composite with pristine BF. Furthermore, due to the perfection of crystals, increased interfaces and interfacial interlocking between PP molecules and modified BF, I400BF-gSiO2 showed good overall performance, with storage modulus of 8000 MPa at −100 °C, glass transition temperature of 23.03 °C and tensile strength of 62.2 MPa, which was 1900 MPa, 1.23 °C and 29.6 MPa higher than neat PP. Hence, the surface roughing strategy proposed in this work is expected to provide some insight and promote the application of BF reinforced thermoplastic composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a series of coumarin derivatives were synthesized, through the Pechmann condensation reaction using basalt fiber functionalized with 7‐aminonaphthalene‐1,3‐disulfonic acid (BF@(CH2)3‐Cl‐ANDSA) as environmentally friendly and heterogeneous catalyst. The structure of the catalyst was identified by FT‐IR, XRD, EDS‐Mapp, FE‐SEM, and TGA analysis. The catalyst was found to be efficient for the synthesis of coumarin derivatives through Pechmann condensation. phenols were treated with β‐ketoesters to give coumarin derivatives, under green conditions. The current method has several advantages, such as non‐toxic, short reaction time, high thermal stability, recyclability, and reusability of the catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to determine the optimum fiber type and usage ratio by examining the effect of fiber type and usage rate on the properties of mortar mixtures exposed to high temperatures such as 300°C, 450°C, and 600°C. For this purpose, mixtures were prepared by substituting polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA) and basalt (B) fibers in proportions as 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1% instead of aggregate. Unit weight, compressive‐flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and permeability properties of mixtures were determined. Regardless of fiber type, flexural strength and permeability increased, UPV decreased with the addition of fiber. Basalt fiber mixtures exhibited the highest performance in terms of flexural strength. PP fiber mixtures exhibited the best performance in terms of permeability, ultrasonic pulse velocity and dynamic modulus of elasticity. SEM analyzes showed that PP fibers exposed to 600°C melted, leading to the formation of channel voids. According to TGA result, approximately 15% mass loss was observed in the control sample at 600°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐compacting concrete (SCC) has recently been used in concrete structures due to its improved workability properties compared to conventional concrete; however, the serviceability of SCC structures is usually jeopardized by undesirable impact and dynamic loads due to its brittleness and insufficient toughness. In this study, asphalt emulsion (AE) and fiber were incorporated into SCC to improve its performance properties. SCC samples with basalt fiber (BF), polypropylene fiber (PPF), and polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVAF) at 0.2%, 0.35%, and 0.5% volume fraction were prepared. Ten percent AE content was used in each mix. The effects of AE and fiber on compressive strength, flexural strength, damping performance, and workability were determined. Results show that incorporating AE and fiber weakens the workability of SCC, and flowability decreases with an increase in fiber content. The compressive strength of SCC decreases when AE is added; however, the incorporation of fiber mitigates this effect. The addition of 10% AE increased the flexural strength by 7.64%, subsequent addition of fiber further increased the flexural strength; the addition of 0.2% BF, PPF, and PVAF increased the flexural strength by 10.14%, 17.94%, and 15.44%, respectively. The damping ratio of SCC increased by 38%, 40%, and 27% through the addition of 0.2% BF, PPF, and PVAF, respectively. However, the damping ratio shows a decreasing trend after adding 0.5% BF and PP fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tn order to improve the performance of asphalt in pavement, basalt fiber, nano-ZnO and nano-TiO2 are used to composite the modified asphalt. The basic properties and rheological properties of composite modified asphalt were studied by three index of asphalt, Brookfield rotational viscosity and temperature sweep test, and the thin-film oven test (TFOT) and the pressurized aging vessel test (PAV) were used to simulate different aging states of asphalt to analyze the anti-aging performance of the composite modified asphalt. The results showed that with the increase of nano-ZnO and nano-TiO2 content, the penetration, softening point and viscosity of modified asphalt increased, and its high temperature performance was improved. The rutting factor G / sin§ and the fatigue factor G • sin§ of the composite modified asphalt were significantly improved, and its antirutting performance was improved, but its fatigue resistance was decreased. Compared the complex modulus, fatigue factor-temperature relationship curves of asphalt under different aging conditions, its anti-aging performance increased with the increase of nanocomposite modifier content. Through comprehensive comparison and selection, the optimal dosage of nanocomposite modifier was recommended to be 4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented work explores the fabrication and performance analysis of a 10–20 wt% basalt fiber (BF) reinforced styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene toughened polypropylene (PP) composite. The effect of hybridization of 5 wt% cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) treated submicron particulate fly ash (FA) on various properties of the composites was investigated. The composites containing 5 wt% FA and 20 wt% BF offered the highest tensile and flexural strengths of ~48 and 99 MPa, respectively. Likewise, an impact strength of 1.08 kJ/m2 was possessed by the composite containing 5 wt% FA and 10 wt% BF. Thermomechanical and thermal decomposition analysis depicted a desirable increase in the storage modulus, glass transition temperature and a positive shift in the degradation temperature of all the composites compared to base matrix. The use of PP with naturally available basalt fiber, along with waste fly ash for the composite could be environmental benign and welcomed by industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]