Search

This experiment was designed to examine the impacts of different dietary protein levels (DPLs) and their interaction on the growth and some physiological indices of juvenile striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, reared at different stocking densities (SDs) for 15 weeks. A total of 1440 striped catfish (initial weight = 10.0 ± 2.2 g) were randomly allocated into six equal treated groups (three replicates per treated group). Fish were fed two DPLs of 25 % and 30 % and reared under different SDs of 20, 40, and 60 fish/m3. The obtained results indicated that with increasing DPL, growth parameters, and digestive enzyme activities, the liver function enzyme activities, serum protein constituents' levels, and concentrations of thyroid hormones significantly increased, while levels of serum glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides remarkably decreased. On the other hand, increasing SD negatively affects growth, digestive and liver enzyme activities, some hematological parameters, and fish-body chemical analysis. The interaction between DPLs and different SDs significantly improved the most estimated parameters with increasing DPLs despite intensifying SDs. In general, afforded striped catfish diets containing 30 % DPL and stocked at 20 fish/m3 presented the best performance, consumed feed efficiency, and health status. Thus, the interaction between DPLs and SDs demonstrated the favorable benefits of increasing DPLs by diminishing some of the adverse impacts generated by high SDs, which may subsequently lead to high production and increased revenues for fish farmers.

Banco da Amazônia S.A. (BASA) was created in 1942 to meet the demand for rubber in the World War II and nowadays it is the main development agent in northern region of Brazil. Over the years, it has expanded from a single product to an inducer of socioeconomic development, by diversifying the Amazon's productive base in a sustainable way. This article intends to show the role of BASA as a financial agent, its main practices and the impact of its financing to promote the development of the Amazon region. To achieve this objective, data were extracted from the FNO's (acronym for North Constitutional Regional Fund) Financing Program Application Plan for the year 2022; Detailed Report on the activities developed and the results obtained for the year 2020; Results and Impacts Report for the year 2021; and Integrated Annual and Sustainability Report for the year 2021." Besides providing funds to regional production activities, the Bank aims to raise the awareness of agents in the productive sectors of the Amazon region, by showing that investing in ecologically sustainable items and cleaner production processes is no longer a luxury, but inherent to business in order to preserve the environment while increase its profits. By reducing negative impacts on the planet, companies create new markets and add value to their brand and products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asam dan basa merupakan suatu zat yang dapat mengionisasi ion H+ dan ion OH- dalam larutan. Untuk mengidentifikasi suatu zat yang bersifat asam dan basa bisa menggunakan indikator bahan alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jumlah kembang sepatu dan air yang digunakan sebagai pelarut, dengan bahan, alat dan metode sederhana. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan uji optimalisasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini memiliki perbedaan respon bahan yang bersifat asam maupun basa saat diidentifikasi menggunakan kembang sepatu yang sudah digiling dengan pelarut air menggunakan jumlah Kembang Sepatu (KS) yang berbeda yaitu A terdiri dari 5 buah KS, B 10 buah KS, dan C 15 buah KS. Perubahan warna tersebut seiring dengan perubahan struktur dari senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung pada kembang sepatu yakni antosianin pada setiap kondisi pH. Percobaan dengan jumlah kembang sepatu yang sedikit dan air yang lebih sedikit menunjukkan degredasi warna di setiap percobaan. Percobaan yang menggunakan kembang sepatu dan air yang lebih banyak terlihat bahwa warna yang dihasilkan semakin pekat akan tetapi degredasi warnanya tidak berubah secara signifikan jika dibandingkan dengan pengujian pada kode A1 (kembang sepatu dengan jeruk manis), A2 (kembang sepatu dengan jeruk nipis), A3 (kembang sepatu dengan cuka), A4 (kembang sepatu dengan soda kue), dan A5 (kembang sepatu dengan sabun cair). Kembang sepatu dapat dijadikan sebagai indikator alam karena pada kembang sepatu terdapat struktur senyawa antosianin pada setiap pH.

The process of pre-extraction is an important stage in the process of collagen synthesis. This stage increases the sensitivity of collagen molecule chains that can affect production yields and collagen properties. The objectives of the study were to synthesize and evaluate halal collagen from Bali cattle's hide on different -extracting processes. A total of 5 treatments applied in this study, namely: T1 = Ca(OH)2 5% (b/v) ; T2 = Ca(OH)2 15% (b/v) ; T3 = Ca(OH)2 5% + CH3COOH 5%(b/v) ; T4 = Ca(OH)2 15% + CH3COOH 5% (b/v). Each treatment was repeated 4 times. Data were analyzed in a variety of ways using SPSS program. The observed parameters consisted of: 1) yield, 2) viscosity and 3) pH. The results showed that the difference in real pre-extracting process increased the yield and viscosity, but not the pH value. The application of T4 treatment provided the best results compared to other treatments as well as controls to increase the yield and also improve the collagen's physical properties and pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Currently, hybrid composite resin is the mostly used filling material to restore esthetic and function. During function, this material is in contact with various pH from food consumption, which is acidic and alkali which may effect the physical properties of composite resin, including surface roughness. Purpose: The research was conducted to determine the effect of pH in saliva on surface roughness of hybrid composite resin. Methods: This research used artificial saliva and composite resin samples divided into 3 groups based on different pH of immersion (pH 4, pH 7 and pH 10) for 30 days. Results: There were significant differences (p > 0.05) among those three treatment groups of hybrid composites soaked in artificial saliva with different pH for 30 days. And, with LSD test it is also known that there were significant differences between the artificial saliva with pH 4 and pH 7, whereas there was no significant difference between pH 4 and pH 10 and between pH 7 and pH 10. Conclusion: It can concluded that the changes of salivary pH affect the surface roughness of the hybrid composite resin. Acidic pH has increase the surface roughness of hybrid composite resin, whereas alkaline pH has no effects on the surface roughness of hybrid composite resin.Latar belakang: Saat ini tumpatan komposit merupakan bahan tumpatan yang paling sering digunakan untuk memperbaiki estetik dan fungsi. Dalam rongga mulut, bahan ini kontak dengan berbagai macam pH dari konsumsi makanan, baik asam maupun basa yang dapat mempengaruhi perubahan sifat fisik resin komposit, diantaranya yaitu kekasaran permukaan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tentang efek pH saliva terhadap kekasaran permukaan tumpatan resin komposit hybrid. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan saliva buatan yang dibagi dalam 3 kelompok sampel yaitu masing-masing dengan perendaman pH yang berbeda (pH 4, pH 7 dan pH 10)selama 30 hari. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p > 0,05) antara kelompok perlakuan komposit hybrid yang telah direndam saliva buatan dengan berbagai pH selama 30 hari. Uji LSD menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara perendaman pada saliva buatan antara pH4 dengan pH 7, sedangkan perbedaan yang tidak signifikan antara pH4 dengan pH 10 dan pH 7 dengan pH 10. Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perubahan pH saliva berpengaruh terhadap kekasaran permukaan resin komposit hybrid, pH asam meningkatkan kekasaran permukaan resin komposit hybrid, sedangkan pH basa tidak berpengaruh terhadap kekasaran permukaan resin komposit hybrid.

A total of 200 random samples of imported fish represented by Bangasius hypophanmus (Basa), Mullus surmuletus (Barboni), Saurida undosquamis (Mackerel) and Sparus aurata (Denise) (50 of each) were collected from different markets at Alexandria province during the period extended from March 2014 to February 2015, for detection of some enteropathogens including; enteropathogenic E. coli, Salmonellae, Shigella, Yersinia, Vibrio and Aeromonas hydrophila. It was found that E. coli was detected at an incidence of 42, 36, 38 and 26% in the examined samples of Basa, Barboni, Mackerel and Denis, respectively. Salmonella was isolated at an incidence of 6, 10, 8 and 4% of the examined samples, respectively. Shigella was recovered at an incidence of 26, 22, 28 and 18 % of the examined samples, respectively. Yersinia was detected at an incidence of 46, 42, 36 and 32% of the examined samples, respectively. Vibrio was detected at an incidence of 30, 28, 26 and 22% of the examined samples, respectively. Finally, A. hydrophila incidence was 16, 22, 16 and 12% of the examined samples, respectively. Moreover, biochemical and serological identification of the obtained isolates were performed. Also, the public health significance as well as suggestive hygienic measures to improve the quality of imported fish were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pangasius fish, primarily Pangasius hypophthalmus (tra/swai) and Pangasius bocourti (basa) belonging to the Pangasiidae family of catfish, are an imported farm-raised freshwater fish. The labels “tra/swai” and “basa” seldom appear on restaurant menus, so it is unclear how and to what extent pangasius is used in restaurants. In this study, we investigated 47 different fish products served at 37 restaurants in a city in the southeastern United States. A commercial rapid lateral flow (LF) assay (EZ Pangasius™ kit) was used to identify pangasius fish and the results were verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a pangasius-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) T7E10. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) was then employed to examine the protein patterns in the ready-to-eat fish samples. The results showed that 26.7% of the domestic catfish (Ictaluridae family) and 22.2% of the grouper dishes served were actually pangasius. A high percentage (66.7%) of dishes displayed under the general name of “fish” on the menu were also identified as pangasius, revealing the widespread but economically favorable and/or fraudulent use of this fish in the restaurant industry. The IEF results revealed that the pangasius positive samples were exclusively tra/swai. There was no significant difference in the prices charged to restaurant customers between pangasius negative and positive samples, indicating that price is not a good indicator of fish authenticity. These findings highlight the need for stringent enforcement of the existing regulations to discourage the fraudulent use of pangasius fish, either tra/swai or basa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telah dilakukan perancangan plantpengendalianpH asamlemahdenganbasakuat dengan menggunakan metode Kontrol Logika Fuzzy-PID dengan Feedback secara real plant. Sistem ini terdiri dari beberapa komponen yaitu sensor pH, pH meter, transmiter,mikrokontroler, driver motor, pompa dc sebagai aktuator, power supply, dan komputer. Kontrol Logika fuzzy-PID berhasil diterapkan pada plant untuk men-schedule gain proporsional, integral dan derivatif yang berorientasi pada performa sistem dengan menggunakan nilai eror dan perubahan eror sebagai input. Sinyal kontrolnya berupa PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) yang beraksi merubah RPM (Rotate Per Minute) pada pompa larutan basa, sedang RPM pompa larutan asam dijaga konstan. Selain itu, hasil rancang bangun menunjukkan bahwa sistem merespon dengan cara memberi gain-gain pengendali yang sesuai dengan basis aturan (rule base) yang dibuat dengan tujuan memberi respon yang sesuai untuk reaktor guna memperkecil eror. Reaktan yang digunakan adalah NaOH sebagai zat basa pelarut dan CH3COOH sebagai zat asam yang terlarut.

Catfish farmers in the United States (U.S.) are facing reduced market share, falling prices and reduced profitability for their farm-raised catfish, and these problems have been compounded by dramatic increases in global supply of catfish, basa and tra. The objective of this article is to study the growth and determinants of catfish, basa and tra imports to the United States from Vietnam, China and Thailand. The study has applied an augmented gravity model of international trade for this purpose. The results reveal that U.S. imports from Vietnam are significantly affected by variables like: price of the U.S. farm-raised catfish, population of Vietnam, population of the U.S., per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) of Vietnam, freight index, tariff, generic advertisement expenditure of the Catfish Institute (TCI), and country of origin and catfish labeling. Catfish, basa and tra imports from China are affected by population of the United States, per-capita GDP of China, and country of origin and catfish labeling. Finally, U.S. basa and tra imports from Thailand are affected by: price of imported catfish, basa and tra from other countries, population of Thailand, per-capita GDP of Thailand, per-capita GDP of the United States, and country of origin and catfish labeling. Findings of this study have policy implications to revive the U.S. catfish industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pangasius catfish, primarily tra (Pangasius hypophthalmus) and basa ( Pangasius bocourti), are farm-raised catfish imported from Asia and have become a common substitute for domestic catfish, grouper, and other high-valued fish in restaurant-served dishes in the United States. This article reports on the development of a monoclonal antibody-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the identification of cooked Pangasius fish, basa, and tra. The assay uses a pair of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs F7B8 and T7E10) specific to a heat-stable 36-kDa protein present in a saline extraction of the fish muscle; MAb F7B8, which cross-reacts to all fish species, is the capture antibody and the biotin-conjugated MAb T7E10, which is specific to Pangasius fish, is the detection antibody. This sandwich ELISA reliably identified fully cooked basa and tra from more than 70 common finfish, shellfish, land animal species, and other protein materials tested. It can also sensitively detect 0.5% of adulterated basa or 0.1% tra in a mixed crabmeat products with low intra-assay (%CV: 2.59 to 4.14) and inter-assay (%CV: 3.36 to 3.71) variabilities. The new assay provides a rapid and reliable means of distinguishing fish in the Pangasiidae family from other common food fish and nonfish species and will greatly assist efforts to discourage the illegal practice of substituting high-value popular fish species by the cheaper farm-raised imported Pangasius fish at the retail and restaurant levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four IgG (subclass IgG1) class monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) strongly reactive to Asian farm-raised Pangasius catfish, tra ( Pangasius hypophthalmus) and basa ( Pangasius bocourti), have been developed. These MAbs were raised by immunizing an animal with thermal-stable crude sarcoplasmic protein extract of cooked tra. The MAbs were selected by screening hybridoma clones against more than 70 common fish and meat protein extracts. Two MAbs, T7E10 and T1G11, were found to be specific to the Asian Pangasius catfish, tra, and basa, with no cross-reactions with any of the common fish and meat species or with the food additive proteins (bovine serum albumin, soy proteins, milk proteins, egg proteins, and gelatin) tested. MAb T7E10 recognized 2 antigenic proteins (molecular weight approximately 36 and 75 kDa) in raw and cooked tra and basa extracts, while T1G11 bound to several proteins (molecular weight between 13 and 18 kDa) in tra and basa extracts. Two other MAbs, F7B8 and F1G11, recognized a common protein (36 KDa) and cross-reacted with all the fish extracts tested and with several mammalian species. These MAbs can be employed individually or in combination in various formats of immunoassays for rapid identification of Pangasius catfish, either raw or cooked. They can also be used to study the biological, biochemical, and physiological aspects of thermal-stable antigenic proteins. This is the first study identifying these thermal-stable antigenic proteins present in Pangasius catfish as species-specific biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deceptive marketing of imported basa, Pangasius bocourti (Sauvage), fillets as catfish has resulted in serious economic losses to the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), industry in the US. The similar appearance of channel catfish and basa fillets created a need for a rapid method to differentiate uncooked, cooked and/or marinated channel catfish fillets from basa fillets and other fish products. A monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for a 36.8 kDa channel catfish fillet protein was produced and characterized by an indirect enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. This MAb was used to develop an indirect ELISA specific for a fillet protein unique to fish of the genus Ictalurus. Using this ELISA, 100% of raw and cooked channel catfish fillets were correctly identified and differentiated from other fish in a single-blind study. These results show that the indirect ELISA using MAbs specific for unique Ictalurus sp. fillet proteins is a rapid and sensitive method for the identification of raw and cooked catfish fillets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Frozen fillets of Channel catfish and Vietnamese basa fish were used to compare Salmonella spp. recovery effectiveness of selective enrichment in Rappaport–Vassiliadis (RV) broth and tetrathionate broth (TT) and selective isolation on Hekteon enteric (HE) agar, xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar, and bismuth sulfite (BS) agar. Isolate confirmation was through fatty acid methyl ester analysis. Of 60 samples analyzed, 25 were found contaminated with Salmonella (42% incidence). Salmonella spp. recovery after enrichment in RV medium was 35% on HE agar, 30% on XLD agar, and 42% on BS agar. Similarly, after enrichment in TT broth, HE and XLD agars recovered 22% each and BS agar recovered 37%. No performance difference (p >0.05) was observed in the recovery of Salmonella using the combinations of BS, HE, and XLD agars with RV broth and BS agar with TT broth. The combination of selective enrichment in RV and selective isolation on BS gave numerically greatest isolation of Salmonella from Channel catfish and Vietnamese basa fish compared to other isolation combinations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]