1. Step-over fault zones controlling geothermal fluid-flow and travertine formation (Denizli Basin, Turkey)
- Author
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Brogi A.[1, Alçiçek M.C.[3], Liotta D.[1, Capezzuoli E.[4], Zucchi M.[1], and Matera P.F.[1]
- Subjects
Turkey ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Geothermal fields ,02 engineering and technology ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,oblique fault ,Hydrothermal system ,Geothermal exploration ,carbonate ,geothermal systems ,extensional tectonics ,relay zones ,banded Ca-carbonate veins ,travertine ,Western Anatolia ,Fluid dynamics ,Banded ca-carbonate vein ,Extensional tectonics ,Petrology ,Geology ,Limestone ,normal fault ,Permeability (earth sciences) ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Carbonation ,Geothermal wells ,Step-overs ,fluid flow ,Banded Ca-carbonate veins ,Structural basin ,Hydrothermal circulation ,Denizli Basin ,Sedimentary depositional environment ,Relay zones ,Fluid circulation ,fault zone ,medicine ,021108 energy ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Geothermal systems ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Fissure ,Faulting ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Flow of fluids ,Fracture ,geothermal system ,vein (geology) ,Relay zone ,Deposits ,fissure - Abstract
In the Honalilar area (Denizli Basin, Turkey), the occurrence of banded Ca-carbonate veins and travertine deposits, represented by a dismantled fissure ridge-type depositional system, are the evidence of a middle-late Pleistocene exhumed, shallow, hydrothermal system. Their occurrence offers the best opportunity to: (i) reconstruct the fluid paths from the underground to the palaeo-surface, and (ii) analyse the role of fault zones in controlling the permeability and fluids circulation. Permeability developed in overstepping regional scale normal faults, with a slight left-lateral oblique-slip component. At the surface, faults favored the localization and development of a fissure ridge-type travertine deposit. At depth, the root of the hydrothermal system consists of W-E oriented fractures filled of up to 6.5 m thick Ca-carbonate veins, developed in a high dilatation zone. It corresponds to the step-over determined by the oblique-slip kinematics of the NW-striking main faults. The high dilatation step-over zone contrasted the progressive sealing induced by the concomitant Ca-carbonate deposition within the fractures, thus favoring permeability maintenance and fluids circulation for at least 200 ka. This evidence adds key inputs for predicting permeable volumes during geothermal exploration in areas affected by extensional tectonics. The main NW-oriented faults remained active even after the hydrothermal fluid flow, causing the dismantlement and progressive exhumation of the upper part of the hydrothermal system. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
- Published
- 2021
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