14,108 results on '"bacteriuria"'
Search Results
2. Bacteriuria and Indwelling Urinary Catheter.
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Ann Tammelin, MD, Associate Professor
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- 2024
Catalog
3. Effect of Standardization of Urine Collection Using PEEZY Device as Compared to Clean Peezy for DAB (Peezy-DAB)
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ann.lal, Assistant Professor
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- 2024
4. Bacteriophage Therapy in Spinal Cord Injury Patients With Bacteriuria (Phage)
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Barbara Wells Trautner, Professor
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- 2024
5. Prevalence of Bacteriuria, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Treatment Response in Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
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Ishwor Thapaliya, Prinicpal Investigator
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- 2024
6. Evaluation of the efficacy of a live Escherichia coli biotherapeutic product (asymptomatic bacteriuria E. coli 212).
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Segev, Gilad, Chen, Hilla, Dear, Jonathan, Martínez López, Beatriz, Pires, Jully, Klumpp, David, Schaeffer, Anthony, and Westropp, Joellen
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antimicrobial resistance ,cystitis ,dog ,urinary tract ,Animals ,Dogs ,Dog Diseases ,Escherichia coli ,Bacteriuria ,Female ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Male ,Escherichia coli Infections ,Urinary Tract Infections - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recurrent bacterial cystitis, often referred to as recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI), can be difficult to manage and alternative treatments are needed. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE: Intravesicular administration of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) E. coli 212 will not be inferior to antimicrobial treatment for the management of recurrent UTI in dogs. ANIMALS: Thirty-four dogs with >1 UTI in the 12 months before presentation. METHODS: All dogs were deemed normal otherwise based on absence of abnormalities on physical examination, CBC, serum biochemical panel, and abdominal ultrasonography. Dogs were randomized to 1 of 2 treatment groups: Group 1 antimicrobials for 7 days or group 2 intravesicular administration of ASB E. coli 212. Owners were provided a voiding questionnaire regarding their dogs clinical signs, which was completed daily for 14 days to assess clinical cure. Dogs were examined on days 7 and 14 to assess clinical cure, and urine specimens were submitted for urinalysis and bacterial culture. RESULTS: Clinical cure rates for ASB E. coli 212-treated dogs were not inferior to 7 days of antimicrobial treatment with a 12% margin of difference to determine non-inferiority. No significant difference was found between the treatment groups on days 7 and 14 in the proportion of dogs achieving ≥50% or ≥75% reduction in their clinical score compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: These data suggest that intravesicular administration of ASB E. coli 212 is not inferior to antimicrobials for the treatment of recurrent UTI in dogs. This biotherapeutic agent could help alleviate the need for antimicrobials for some dogs with recurrent UTI, improving antimicrobial stewardship. more...
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- 2024
7. Comprehensive analysis of the bacterial spectrum for enhanced clinical insight in microbial ureteral stent colonization, uncomplicated urinary tract infections and catheter-associated urinary tract infections: a principal component analysis-based literature review
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Lepori, Matilde, Braissant, Olivier, Bonkat, Gernot, and Rieken, Malte
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Purpose: Controversies exist regarding the prevailing spectrum of microorganisms in microbial ureteral stent colonization (MUSC) and their clinical significance. The aim of this comprehensive review is to determine the predominant microbial spectrum in patients with an indwelling ureteral stent in comparison to catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) and uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI). Methods: Google scholar, PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane literature databases were searched from inception to April 2022 to identify manuscripts on MUSC, uncomplicated UTI and CAUTI. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify patterns of the pathogen spectrum of the different groups. Results: We included 29 studies on MUSC, 28 studies on uncomplicated UTI and 23 CAUTI studies. The proportion of Staphylococci, Enterococci and Candida were significantly higher in MUSC and stent associated bacteriuria compared to their proportion in uncomplicated UTIs where E. coli dominates. By comparing MUSC, CAUTI and UTI with a PCA, the detected pathogen spectrum exhibited clearly distinguishable trends in the frequency of the main isolated pathogens influencing these three groups of urinary tract infections. With respect to MUSC and UTI, their 95% confidence interval ellipse only showed minimal overlap emphasizing that the spectrum of pathogens in the two groups is clearly distinct. Conclusions: The frequency of detection of Staphylococci, Enterococci and Candida is more common in MUSC as compared to UTI. Thus, patients with indwelling ureteral stents should undergo an antimicrobial prophylaxis targeting this microbial spectrum in case of further surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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8. Decentralizing and task sharing within the primary health system improved access and quality of ANC services in Amhara and Oromia regions: pre-post health facility data.
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Abebe, Solomon, Girma, Shoa, Ayele, Abeba, Taye, Tarik, Morrison, Melissa, Teno, Dedefo, Asire, Gebeyehu, Worku, Addisie, and Berhanu, Della
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ANEMIA treatment , *ANEMIA diagnosis , *COMMUNICABLE disease treatment , *DIAGNOSIS of syphilis , *HEALTH services accessibility , *CLINICAL medicine , *IRON , *IRON in the body , *MATERNAL health services , *MEDICAL quality control , *DECENTRALIZATION in management , *RESEARCH funding , *PRIMARY health care , *KEY performance indicators (Management) , *FOLIC acid , *EVALUATION of medical care , *BACTERIURIA , *PRENATAL care , *RESEARCH , *RESEARCH methodology , *GESTATIONAL age , *PREGNANCY complications , *QUALITY assurance , *POINT-of-care testing - Abstract
Background: Improved access to quality antenatal care (ANC) promotes healthy behaviors and early complication management, enhancing maternal and newborn outcomes. The Enhancing Nutrition and Antenatal Infection Treatment for Maternal and Child Health (ENAT) intervention in Ethiopia aimed to increase newborn birth weight by improving ANC utilization and quality. ENAT task shared and decentralized ANC services to facilitate early contact and point of care (POC) testing and management of maternal infections and anemia. This study assessed if task sharing and decentralization improved utilization and quality of ANC services at primary health care facilities. Methods: The study assessed changes in ANC coverage and quality before and after the ENAT intervention, in 65 health centers and 303 health posts across Amhara and Oromia regions of Ethiopia. The intervention task shared ANC services at health centers (Augst 2018-January 2021) and then decentralized services to health posts (February 2021-February 2022). Using descriptive analyses, this study assessed, between baseline and endline, changes in coverage in the proportion of women who: enrolled early into ANC; had at least one ANC contact; and had four or more ANC contacts. Similarly, the study separately assessed each quality indicator through changes in the proportion of iron and folic acid supplementation, and deworming tablets, and POC testing and treatment for anemia, syphilis, and asymptomatic bacteriuria at baseline, phase I and phase II. Results: ANC utilization and quality improved in the 368 sites. Between baseline and endline the proportion of women having an ANC contact before 16 weeks of gestational age increased from 6 to 37%, while those receiving at least one ANC contact and four or more ANC contacts increased from 74 to 91% and 45–57%, respectively. Iron and folic acid supplementation and deworming increased from 44 to 97% and from 44 to 79%, respectively. In the final 12 months of the intervention, 87%, 80%, and 87% of pregnant women attending ANC received POC testing for anemia, syphilis, and asymptomatic bacteriuria, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that bringing ANC services closer to communities can increase early ANC contact and enhance the coverage and quality of services, leading to better maternal and newborn health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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9. Risk factors for treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in a rural health system.
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Rang, Miranda, Nasser, Rana, Gabor, Rachel, and Whitfield, Philip
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RISK assessment , *URINARY tract infections , *SUPPURATION , *RESEARCH funding , *FATIGUE (Physiology) , *DRUG resistance in microorganisms , *BACTERIURIA , *DECISION making in clinical medicine , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *HOSPITALS , *URINE , *RURAL health services , *ANTI-infective agents , *MEDICAL records , *ACQUISITION of data , *RESEARCH methodology , *URINALYSIS , *NITRITES , *RURAL population , *CONSCIOUSNESS disorders , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Purpose Asymptomatic bacteriuria is often inappropriately treated, leading to antimicrobial-related adverse events and contributing to antimicrobial resistance. This study examined the asymptomatic bacteriuria treatment rate at a rural Wisconsin health system and the patient-specific factors that may be influencing clinicians' decisions to treat. Methods This is a retrospective descriptive report of patients admitted from January to May 2022 at 7 rural Wisconsin hospitals. Patients were included if they were a hospitalized adult with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Patients were excluded if they had a urinary tract abnormality, active infection, symptoms of a urinary tract infection, a planned urological surgery, or treatment or prophylaxis for a urinary tract infection within 72 hours of admission, were immunocompromised, or were transferred from an outside facility. Electronic and manual chart abstraction were used for data collection. Results Of 429 patients with a positive urine culture, 137 patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria were included in the study. The median age was 75 years, and most patients were female (80.3%). The treatment rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 78.1%, amounting to 393 days of unnecessary antimicrobial therapy. Symptoms of fatigue (P = 0.014) and altered mentation (P < 0.006) and urinalysis results of nitrite positivity (P = 0.026) and pyuria (P < 0.001) were each independently associated with antimicrobial treatment. Conclusion Despite guideline recommendations to avoid treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria, treatment rates in rural hospitalized patients remain high. Nonspecific signs and symptoms of altered mentation and fatigue as well as laboratory findings of nitrite positivity and pyuria were factors associated with a decision to treat. Future stewardship efforts should speak to the poor specificity of these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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10. A Review for Clinical Practice in the Treatment and Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Women over Age 65.
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Query, Helen, Carroll, Ashley, Klausner, Adam P., and Burkett, Linda S.
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URINARY tract infection diagnosis , *ANTIBIOTICS , *URINARY tract infection prevention , *URINARY tract infections , *DRUG administration routes , *PSYCHOLOGY of women , *POLYPHARMACY , *BACTERIURIA , *DRUG interactions , *DISEASE relapse , *LIVER , *DRUG tolerance , *KIDNEYS , *OLD age - Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a pervasive, costly, and dangerous cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, which can lead to further complications if they become recurrent or progress to urosepsis. Recurrent UTI is a particular concern among postmenopausal females because of increased risk factors and decreased estrogen levels, leading to changes in the urogenital epithelium and subsequently causing alterations in the urogenital microbiome. Prevention strategies for recurrent UTIs are often incorporated into patient-centered care plans, but finding the right management can be difficult for older women since many of the common treatment options have contraindications and adverse side effects. This review aims to describe the diagnosis, treatment, and special considerations for the treatment and prevention of recurrent UTIs in women over 65. Current prevention strategies include both antibiotic and nonantibiotic options. The antibiotic choice for older women presents a few unique challenges, including frequent allergy or intolerance of side effects, renal or liver dysfunction, and polypharmacy or drug interactions. Nonantibiotic options range from readily accessible drugstore remedies to experimental vaccines, which all are accompanied by certain advantages and disadvantages. Appropriate management plans can help to reduce symptoms and poor outcomes among older females. In addition, we hope future studies continue to investigate the proper dosing and routes for optimal management in this aging female population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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11. Diagnosing probable urinary tract infections in nursing home residents without indwelling catheters: a narrative review.
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Llor, Carl, Moragas, Ana, Ruppe, Georg, Lykkegaard, Jesper, Hansen, Malene Plejdrup, Antsupova, Valeria S., Jensen, Jette Nygaard, Theut, Anna Marie, Petek, Davorina, Sodja, Nina, Kowalczyk, Anna, and Bjerrum, Lars more...
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NURSING home residents , *FRAIL elderly , *URINARY tract infections , *IMPLANTABLE catheters , *NURSING care facilities - Abstract
Overdiagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is one of the most common reasons for the unnecessary use of antibiotics in nursing homes, increasing the risk of missing serious conditions. Various decision tools and algorithms aim to aid in UTI diagnosis and the initiation of antibiotic therapy for residents. However, due to the lack of a clear reference standard, these tools vary widely and can be complex, with some requiring urine testing. As part of the European-funded IMAGINE project, aimed at improving antibiotic use for UTIs in nursing home residents, we have reviewed the recommendations. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the more relevant tools and algorithms aimed at identifying true UTIs among residents living in nursing homes and discusses the challenges in using these algorithms based on updated research. The discussion is based on a relevant medical literature search and synthesis of the findings and published tools to provide an overview of the current state of improving the diagnosis of UTIs in nursing homes. The following topics are covered: prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, diagnostic challenges, clinical criteria, urinary testing, and algorithms to be implemented in nursing home facilities. Diagnosing UTIs in residents is challenging due to the high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and nonspecific urinary tract signs and symptoms among those with suspected UTIs. The fear of missing a UTI and the perceived antibiotic demands from residents and relatives might lead to overdiagnosis of this common condition. Despite their widespread use, urine dipsticks should not be recommended for geriatric patients. Patients who do not meet the minimum diagnostic criteria for UTIs should be evaluated for alternative conditions. Adherence to a simple algorithm can prevent unnecessary antibiotic courses without compromising resident safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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12. Bacteriuria and antibiotic use during the third wave of COVID-19 intensive care in Sweden.
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Karlsson, Philip A., Bolin, Christian, Spång, Labolina, Frithiof, Robert, Hultström, Michael, Lipcsey, Miklos, Wang, Helen, and Järhult, Josef D.
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COVID-19 pandemic , *BACTERIAL colonies , *IMPLANTABLE catheters , *COVID-19 , *INTENSIVE care units - Abstract
AbstractBackgroundMethodsResultsConclusionUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent among patients carrying indwelling catheters in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study investigates antibiotic use and bacterial colonisation among ICU patients during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, building on our prior discovery of increased
Enterococcus colonisation associated with increased cephalosporin use in early COVID-19.Longitudinal urine samples from COVID-19 patients (n = 109) with transurethral catheterisation were analysed for bacterial prevalence, further identified via MALDI-TOF. Microbiological results were combined with clinical data obtained daily, assessed and compared with COVID-19 waves 1 and 2.Patients in wave 3 exhibited improved outcomes compared to those in waves 1 and 2, alongside a decrease in antibiotic use.Staphylococcus emerged as the primary bacterium and early colonizer of the urinary tract, potentially due to the absence of antibiotic treatment. Our results imply that length of stay (LOS) correlates solely with enteric pathogens and that antibiotic treatment correlates with colonisation by certain uropathogens, whereas the absence of antimicrobial therapy is associated with rapid colonisation of skin flora. Polymicrobial colonisation was common, predominantly involving Gram-positive bacteria.Our findings underscore the complexity of bacteriuria in ICU patients, advocating for targeted surveillance and tailored antibiotic approaches to mitigate UTI risk. Insights into antibiotic use and bacterial colonisation are vital for optimising stewardship practices, combating antimicrobial resistance, and enhancing ICU patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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13. Prevalence of bacteriuria and bacterial resistance in adolescents from the center of the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico.
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Méndez-Polonieski, Daniela Z., Méndez-Hernández, Pablo, Barbier, Olivier, Ortega-Romero, Manolo, Rubio-Gutiérrez, Juan C., Rojas-Lima, Elodia, Narvaez-Morales, Juana, Martínez-Gómez, Margarita, Cuevas-Romero, Estela, Cerón-Meza, Rosalba, and Medeiros, Mara more...
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DISEASE prevalence , *DRUG resistance in bacteria , *ANTIBIOTICS , *LEUCOCYTES , *CEFTRIAXONE - Abstract
Urinary tract infections and bacteriuria are common in the pediatric population, and antibiotic resistance is increasing significantly. Recurrent urinary infections, symptomatic or asymptomatic, are a risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease in adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of bacteriuria diagnosed by culture to identify the main causal agents and sensitivity to antibiotics in adolescents from the central region of the state of Tlaxcala. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 905 adolescents from 11 to 18 years old who lived in the central region of the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico. Bacteriuria was evaluated by positive nitrites and leukocyte esterase, and urine culture with antibiogram. Multivariate logistic regression models were executed to evaluate the risk of presenting bacteriuria, with a confidence level of 95%. A total of 31 participants had a positive urine culture, with a bacteriuria prevalence of 3.4%, of which 29 cases were asymptomatic. The most frequent agent was Escherichia coli) in both sexes (28.6% in men and 29.7% in women) and regarding bacterial resistance: E. coli presented greater resistance to ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfametoxazol and ceftriaxone. The risk factors associated with bacteriuria were female sex, sexual activity, use of contraceptives, and greater consumption of sweetened beverages. Bacteriuria is common in this adolescent population, so its early identification is necessary to treat it, and to prevent its complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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14. Bacteriuria Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Ejisu Government Hospital in the Ashanti Region, Ghana.
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Dansoa, Constancia S., Anaba, Nicholas Y., Zangine, Richard T., Kodji, Christine, Bonsu, Frank A., Abbiw, Gideon O., Acheampong, Isaac, Wireko, Solomon, Domfeh, Seth A., and Bhatia, Anil
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MICROBIAL sensitivity tests , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *ESCHERICHIA coli , *URINARY tract infections , *BACTERIURIA - Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are at increased risk of infections, such as malignant otitis externa and rhinocerebral mucormycosis, with the urinary tract being the most affected (for example, emphysematous pyelonephritis commonly caused by Escherichia coli). Hence, this study assessed the prevalence of bacteriuria and antibiogram patterns of bacteria isolates among T2DM patients visiting the Ejisu Government Hospital in the Ashanti Region, Ghana. In this cross‐sectional study, 58 patients visiting the hospital for routine healthcare were conveniently recruited after obtaining informed consent. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and medical history were obtained using pretested structured questionnaires. Mid‐stream urine was collected for bacteria isolation and identification using standard bacterial culture and biochemical tests. Bacteria cultures ≥ 105 CFU/mL were considered significant bacteriuria. The antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the bacteria isolates were evaluated using the Kirby‐Bauer disc diffusion method. Bacteriuria was recorded among 15.5% (9/58) of the patients, mainly those with no previous history (77.8%) and no symptoms (55.6%) of urinary tract infections (UTIs). E. coli (55.6%) and Klebsiella spp. (44.6%) were primarily isolated from the T2DM patients. All the bacteria isolates (E. coli and Klebsiella spp.) demonstrated the highest resistance to co‐trimoxazole and tetracycline (55.6%) and a complete susceptibility to amikacin and levofloxacin (100%). However, 60% of the E. coli isolates and 25% of the Klebsiella isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR; resistant to at least one antibiotic agent in three or more antimicrobial categories). The study shows that T2DM patients have bacteria in their urine which are resistant to most common antibiotics, even among those with no history of UTIs; hence, routine bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing among T2DM patients is recommended for better patient management to reduce the co‐morbidities of UTIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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15. Positive preoperative cultures but not bacterial species predict postoperative urine culture results after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.
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Doersch, Karen M., Campbell, Timothy D., Li, Ashley, Jain, Rajat K., and Quarrier, Scott O.
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BENIGN prostatic hyperplasia , *URINARY tract infections , *SURGICAL enucleation , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *ANTIBIOTIC prophylaxis - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors associated with positive urine cultures following holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). Materials and Methods: The data from a prospectively maintained database were analyzed to evaluate urine culture results following HoLEP and determine the contribution of predefined variables (age, prostate size, Charlson comorbidity score, surgical time [surrogate for case difficulty], the presence of a catheter preoperatively, postoperative urinary retention, and preoperative positive culture) on urine culture positivity at 60 days postoperatively. Statistical analyses included logistic regression and ANOVA. Results: The data from 136 subjects were included in the database and were evaluated at a median of 13.37 ± 6.72 months after their HoLEP. Postoperative positive cultures were noted in 23 subjects (16.91%). Preoperative positive cultures were found to predict positive postoperative urine cultures (odds ratio: 3.78, confidence interval: 1.18–12.78, P = 0.03). However, the preoperative and postoperative results were discordant in 9 of 14 subjects with both positive preoperative and postoperative cultures. Conclusions: Positive preoperative cultures were predictive of positive postoperative cultures. However, the pre- and postoperative results were often discordant. Host factors increasing susceptibility to bacteriuria may explain these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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16. Evaluation of several routine methods for fosfomycin and mecillinam susceptibility testing of Enterobacterales urine isolates.
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Massip, C, Feletti, L, Chagneau, C V, Dumont, Y, Maurin, E, Muggeo, A, Pichon, M, Pompilio, M, Buchler, F, Halimi, D, and Dubois, D
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ESCHERICHIA coli , *ORAL drug administration , *ERROR rates , *FOSFOMYCIN , *BACTERIURIA , *ENTEROBACTER cloacae - Abstract
Objectives Performance evaluation of routine laboratory methods to determine the susceptibility of Enterobacterales urinary isolates to fosfomycin (oral administration) and mecillinam. Methods We collected 347 Enterobacterales isolates from monomicrobial midstream urine samples from women with significant bacteriuria and leukocyturia. Mostly non- Escherichia coli isolates (i.e. Klebsiella spp. Citrobacter koseri , Enterobacter cloacae complex and Proteus mirabilis) were included (n = 298). Performance of VITEK®2, ETEST®, and disc diffusion to determine fosfomycin and mecillinam susceptibility was evaluated following International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 20776-2:2021 (or 20776-2:2007 for disc diffusion) in comparison with the agar dilution reference method. Results For fosfomycin testing, VITEK®2 and ETEST® were close to reaching ISO requirements (essential agreement ≥ 90%; bias ±30%) for C. koseri , E. coli and P. mirabilis. Categorical agreement (CA) and major error rates were acceptable for disc diffusion. Fosfomycin displayed lower activity against E. cloacae complex and Klebsiella spp. with MIC50 (minimum inhibitory concentration required to inhibit the growth of 50% of tested isolates) equal to the E. coli EUCAST breakpoint (8 mg/L). For these species, the three alternative techniques overestimated MICs and resistance, and did not meet performance criteria. For mecillinam testing of Enterobacterales isolates, apart from P. mirabilis , ETEST® nearly fulfilled ISO requirements, and CA rates were acceptable for disc diffusion. ISO criteria were reached for C. koseri and E. coli testing with VITEK®2, apart from too high rates of very major errors. For P. mirabilis, performances were unacceptable, whatever the routine method used. Conclusions Commercially available tests may serve as alternatives to agar dilution to assess fosfomycin (oral) and mecillinam susceptibility of Enterobacterales urinary isolates, with important interspecies variabilities. Additional studies comprising more fosfomycin- and mecillinam-resistant isolates are needed to strengthen our conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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17. Association between body mass index and urinary tract infections: A cross‐sectional investigation of the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study.
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Taramian, Sonbol, Joukar, Farahnaz, Maroufizadeh, Saman, Hassanipour, Soheil, Sheida, Fateme, and Mansour‐Ghanaei, Fariborz
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URINARY tract infections ,LEUCOCYTES ,BODY mass index ,IRANIANS ,BODY weight - Abstract
Introduction: There is a relationship between excess body weight and the risk of a number of infectious diseases, including urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to investigate the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and UTIs among Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies of the Iranian Adults (PERSIAN) Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS) population. Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 10,520 individuals aged 35–70 years from PGCS. The demographical data and clinical characteristics of the participants were recorded. Microscopic examination of the urine samples was performed to detect the presence of bacteria or white blood cells (WBC) as indicators of infection. UTI was defined as the presence of bacteria in the urine (Few, moderate, and many) and a value of ≥10 WBC/high power field (HPF) by light microscopy. Results: The prevalence of UTIs in this study was 8.8%, with a higher incidence in females compared to males (12.2% vs. 4.7%, p < 0.001). Among participants, the prevalence of UTIs across different weight categories was as follows: underweight/normal weight, 7.1%; overweight, 8.1%; and obesity, 10.9%. According to the unadjusted model, subjects with obesity were at significantly higher odds for UTIs than subjects with underweight/normal BMI (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.35–1.93, p < 0.001). However, this association was no longer significant after adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide evidence supporting a higher prevalence of UTIs among individuals with obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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18. Antimicrobial profile of urinary tract infections at a tertiary care teaching hospital of Central India
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Abhishek Mehta, Dharmendra Singh Gurjar, and Vijay Singh Rajak
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antibiotic susceptibility pattern ,antimicrobial resistance ,bacteriuria ,escherichia coli ,urinary tract infection ,uropathogens ,Medicine - Abstract
Background & Aims: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a leading cause of bacterial infections in humans.The widespread use of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Hence, the current study was conducted to investigate the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of uropathogens in UTI. Materials & Methods: A total of 642 urine samples were collected from suspected UTI patients and tested microbiologically. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed for the isolated pathogens using the Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Out of 642 urine samples, 308 (48%) were found to exhibit significant bacteriuria. Females had a higher rate of UTI (68%) than males (32%), with a higher prevalence in the middle-aged group, while males reported a higher prevalence in the elderly group, which was statistically significant. The most common organism was Escherichia coli (57.2%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (26.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.4%), Proteus spp. (3.6%), Enterococcus spp. (2.6%), and Staphylococcus aureus (1.9%). UTI were more common in middle-aged female patients (31 to 45 years), while in males, high prevalence was seen in older patients (>45 years). Meropenem, Gentamicin, Nitrofurantoin, and Co-Trimoxazole were amongst the most sensitive drugs against E.coli and K.pneumoniae. Conclusion:Due to the irrational and injudicious use of antibiotics, commonly isolated uropathogens have a changing resistance pattern, resulting in reduced treatment effectiveness. This could be overcome by routine antimicrobial resistance surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship measures, and culture-guided therapy. more...
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- 2024
19. Positive preoperative cultures but not bacterial species predict postoperative urine culture results after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate
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Karen M. Doersch, Timothy D. Campbell, Ashley Li, Rajat K. Jain, and Scott O. Quarrier
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antibiotic stewardship ,bacteriuria ,benign prostatic hyperplasia ,perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis ,urinary tract infection ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors associated with positive urine cultures following holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). Materials and Methods: The data from a prospectively maintained database were analyzed to evaluate urine culture results following HoLEP and determine the contribution of predefined variables (age, prostate size, Charlson comorbidity score, surgical time [surrogate for case difficulty], the presence of a catheter preoperatively, postoperative urinary retention, and preoperative positive culture) on urine culture positivity at 60 days postoperatively. Statistical analyses included logistic regression and ANOVA. Results: The data from 136 subjects were included in the database and were evaluated at a median of 13.37 ± 6.72 months after their HoLEP. Postoperative positive cultures were noted in 23 subjects (16.91%). Preoperative positive cultures were found to predict positive postoperative urine cultures (odds ratio: 3.78, confidence interval: 1.18–12.78, P = 0.03). However, the preoperative and postoperative results were discordant in 9 of 14 subjects with both positive preoperative and postoperative cultures. Conclusions: Positive preoperative cultures were predictive of positive postoperative cultures. However, the pre- and postoperative results were often discordant. Host factors increasing susceptibility to bacteriuria may explain these findings. more...
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- 2024
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20. Urogenital colonization and pathogenicity of E. Coli in the vaginal microbiota during pregnancy
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Nassim Boutouchent, Thi Ngoc Anh Vu, Luce Landraud, and Sean P. Kennedy
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Vaginal microbiota ,Microbial diversity ,Genome Assembly ,Extra-intestinal pathogenic E. Coli (ExPEC) ,Bacteriuria ,Urinary tract infection (UTI) ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract This study explores the role of the vaginal microbiota (VM) in the pathophysiology of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in a cohort of 1,553 pregnant women. Worldwide, E. coli remains the most common etiological agent of bacteriuria during pregnancy and also a major causative agent of newborn infections. A healthy VM is typically characterized by low diversity and is dominated by lactic acid-producing species, notably those from the Lactobacillus genus. Our results point to decreases in Lactobacillus spp associated with an increase of gut-microbiota-associated species from the Enterobacterales order. Escherichia coli exhibited the most pronounced increase in abundance within the VM during bacteriuria and was notably associated with ASB. Molecular typing and antimicrobial resistance characterization of 72 metagenome assembled E. coli genomes (MAGs) from these pregnant women revealed a genomic signature of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (“ExPEC”) strains, which are involved in various extraintestinal infections such as urinary tract infections, newborn infections and bacteremia. Microbial diversity within the vaginal samples from which an E. coli MAG was obtained showed a substantial variation, primarily marked by a decrease in abundance of Lactobacillus species. Overall, our study shows how disruption in key bacterial group within the VM can disrupt its stability, potentially leading to the colonization by opportunistic pathogens. more...
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- 2024
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21. YELLOW RoUTIne prospective cohort study protocol: insight in the dynamics of bacteria in the elderly bladder
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Ruo Chen Wang, Laura W. Van Buul, Suzanne E. Geerlings, Sabine C. De Greeff, Anja Haenen, Kati Halonen, Daan W. Notermans, E. Ascelijn Reuland, Martin Smalbrugge, Jos W. R. Twisk, and Caroline Schneeberger more...
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Older adults ,Bacteriuria ,Urinary tract infection ,Nursing homes ,Antibiotic stewardship ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) – the presence of bacteria in urine without urinary tract infection (UTI) related signs & symptoms (S&S) – is common in the elderly bladder and is not considered pathogenic for UTI. We hypothesise that colonisation with non-uropathogenic bacteria could protect the bladder from invasion of more harmful bacteria. The exact role and dynamics of bacteriuria in the relation to the development of a UTI is still unknown. We aim to provide insight into the course of bacteriuria in the elderly bladder and its relation to UTI in frail older adults. Methods and analysis A prospective observational cohort study is being conducted in Dutch nursing homes (NHs) between February 2024 and December 2025. Urine samples and case report forms (CRF) on UTI-related S&S will be collected from each consenting NH resident every 3 months for a follow-up period of 18 months. Whenever a UTI-suspicion occurs in between the 3 monthly time points, additional data and a urine sample will be collected. Urine samples undergo several urinalyses (e.g. dipstick and bacterial culture). Additional molecular analysis will be conducted on a selection of cultured Escherichia coli (E. coli) for virulence genes. Primary analyses will be conducted between residents with and without ASB at each time point. The primary outcome is UTI incidence during follow-up. In secondary analyses we will also take into account the low versus high presence of virulence genes of the E. coli. Discussion The combination of high ASB prevalence and a reduced ability of frail older adults to express UTI-related S&S may lead to UTI misdiagnosis and inappropriate antibiotic use. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the dynamics and role of bacteriuria in the elderly bladder and their potential protective effect on the development of UTI. The study findings with comprehensive analysis of epidemiological, clinical and molecular data could set the fundamental base for future guidelines and studies, and contribute to improving prevention, diagnosis and treatment of UTI in frail older adults, in addition to contributing to antibiotic stewardship in NHs. more...
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- 2024
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22. Pyuria as a diagnostic test for urinary tract infection in children with sickle cell anaemia in Zaria, Nigeria
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Yauba MS, Aikhionbare HA, Ogunrinde GO, and Bugaje MA
- Subjects
sickle cell anaemia ,bacteriuria ,pyuria ,children ,Medicine - Abstract
Objective: This study aimed at determining the significance of pyuria as a screening test for UTI in children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA). Methods: Two hundred and seventy-two children with SCA, aged 6 months to 15 years, were studied out of which 185 (68.0%) were in stable state and 87 (32.0%) were in crises. Their urine was assessed for microscopy culture and sensitivity. Significant pyuria and bacteriuria was determined using standard methods. Results: Significant bacteriuria was detected in 22 (8.1%) of the 272 subjects with SCA. The prevalence of significant bacteriuria was higher among those in crisis (18/87; 20.7%) than in those in steady state (4/185; 2.2%) and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 27.323, p = 0.001). Of the 22 SCA subjects with confirmed UTI, 19 (86.4%) had significant pyuria with a sensitivity of 6.4%, specificity of 68.8%, and positive predictive value of 19.6%. The most common bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli 11 (50.0%) while the least isolated were Salmonella typhi 1 (4.6%). Conclusion: This study indicates that pyuria as a screening test for UTI is not very specific but very sensitive necessitating a more test to be done for diagnosis of UTI. more...
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- 2024
23. Management of Asymptomatic Presurgical Bacteriuria
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Ricardo Augusto Diaz-Sanabria, Jhongert Alza-Arcila, Diego Fernando Gómez-Boada, Diego Armando Oquendo-Gahona, Isabel Cristina Ramírez-Sánchez, Ivan Mauricio Trompa-Romero, and Juan Carlos Cataño-Correa more...
- Subjects
bacteremia ,bacteriuria ,urology ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Published
- 2024
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24. The prevalence of Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections in Uncircumcised children under the age of five.
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Kamal, Hala Wameedh and Mahmood, Asmaa Easa
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URINARY tract infections , *URBAN hospitals , *BACTERIAL growth , *ESCHERICHIA coli , *BACTERIURIA - Abstract
The current study was conducted the relationship between circumcision and urinary tract infection in children under five years. in total, 100 child were included from various hospitals in the city of samarraa, which included (Samarra General Hospital and alkhairi Hospital), for the period between 9/1/2022 and 4/15 /2023 The current study aimed to isolate Escherichia coli bacteria that cause urinary tract infections in children less than five years old and evaluate some risk factors. 100 samples were isolated from children suffering from urinary tract infections of both genders from various hospitals in the city of Samarra, for the period between 9/1/2022 and 4/15. /2023. The results of microscopic examination showed that 55% of the samples were accompanied by bacteriuria and pyuria, 12% with bacteriuria, 22% with pyuria, and 11% without both. Bacterial culture results showed that 67% of the samples showed bacterial growth, and 64.1% of the specimen were diagnosed as Escherichia coli and the rest of the percentage was distributed among other bacterial species. The results showed that all male samples that showed bacterial growth were from uncircumcised children. The isolates showed resistance to many antibiotics. and the blood test for males and females showed a decrease in the level of ferritin and a decrease in some blood parameters compared with the normal levels, especially hemoglobin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
25. Prediction and prevention of preterm birth: Quality assessment and systematic review of clinical practice guidelines using the AGREE II framework.
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Ramachandran, Aparna, Clottey, Klorkor D., Gordon, Adrienne, and Hyett, Jon A.
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PREMATURE labor , *LENGTH measurement , *PESSARIES , *ACQUISITION of data , *BACTERIURIA - Abstract
Background: Prediction of pregnancies at risk of preterm birth (PTB) may allow targeted prevention strategies. Objectives: To assess quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and identify areas of agreement and contention in prediction and prevention of spontaneous PTB. Search Strategy: We searched for CPGs regarding PTB prediction and prevention in asymptomatic singleton pregnancies without language restriction in January 2024. Selection Criteria: CPGs included were published between July 2017 and December 2023 and contained statements intended to direct clinical practice. Data Collection and Analysis: CPG quality was assessed using the AGREE‐II tool. Recommendations were extracted and grouped under domains of prediction and prevention, in general populations and high‐risk groups. Main Results: We included 37 CPGs from 20 organizations; all were of moderate or high quality overall. There was consensus in prediction of PTB by identification of risk factors and cervical length screening in high‐risk pregnancies and prevention of PTB by universal screening and treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria, screening and treatment for BV in high‐risk pregnancies, and use of preventative progesterone and cerclage. Areas of contention or limited consensus were the role of PTB clinics, universal cervical length measurement, biomarkers and cervical pessaries. Conclusions: This review identified strengths and limitations of current PTB CPGs, and areas for future research. Synopsis: International clinical guidelines agree on several interventions to predict and prevent preterm birth; these are overall of good quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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26. Urinary tract infections in young infants with a normal urine dipstick.
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Lasry, Mor Shalom, Goldman, Michael, Paret, Michal, and Bahat, Hilla
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- *
URINARY tract infections , *VESICO-ureteral reflux , *BACTERIURIA , *INFANTS , *URINE - Abstract
Aim: To assess missed urinary tract infections (UTI) in febrile infants ≤2 months when adhering to recent guidelines suggesting not to send a urine culture with a negative dipstick. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 308 infants ≤2 months with a positive urine culture admitted in 2013–2023, divided into subgroups without exposure to urine dipstick results: 'urosepsis' (UTI with bacteraemia), 'UTI' (positive urine culture, elevated inflammatory markers, no other cause of fever) and 'bacteriuria' (positive urine culture, not meeting the above‐mentioned criteria). After retrieving the dipstick results, the 'missed UTI' group (UTI+ negative dipstick) was described. Results: A negative dipstick was found in 2/20 (10%), 32/127 (25%) and 126/161 (78%) of infants with 'urosepsis', 'UTI' and 'bacteriuria', respectively. In the 'missed UTI' group (n = 34), there were more non‐Escherichia coli UTI (68% vs. 9% with positive dipstick, p < 0.001), and lower inflammatory markers (leukocytes 15.5 vs. 17.2 k/μL, p = 0.007, C‐reactive protein 21 vs. 58 mg/L, p < 0.001). Three infants had high‐grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and renal scarring. Conclusions: There is a non‐negligible rate of infants ≤2 months with UTI and without pyuria, including those with urosepsis, VUR and renal scarring. We suggest obtaining a urine culture regardless of dipstick results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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27. YELLOW RoUTIne prospective cohort study protocol: insight in the dynamics of bacteria in the elderly bladder.
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Wang, Ruo Chen, Van Buul, Laura W., Geerlings, Suzanne E., De Greeff, Sabine C., Haenen, Anja, Halonen, Kati, Notermans, Daan W., Reuland, E. Ascelijn, Smalbrugge, Martin, Twisk, Jos W. R., and Schneeberger, Caroline more...
- Subjects
- *
ESCHERICHIA coli , *INAPPROPRIATE prescribing (Medicine) , *BACTERIURIA , *EPIDEMIOLOGY , *OLDER people , *URINARY tract infections - Abstract
Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) – the presence of bacteria in urine without urinary tract infection (UTI) related signs & symptoms (S&S) – is common in the elderly bladder and is not considered pathogenic for UTI. We hypothesise that colonisation with non-uropathogenic bacteria could protect the bladder from invasion of more harmful bacteria. The exact role and dynamics of bacteriuria in the relation to the development of a UTI is still unknown. We aim to provide insight into the course of bacteriuria in the elderly bladder and its relation to UTI in frail older adults. Methods and analysis: A prospective observational cohort study is being conducted in Dutch nursing homes (NHs) between February 2024 and December 2025. Urine samples and case report forms (CRF) on UTI-related S&S will be collected from each consenting NH resident every 3 months for a follow-up period of 18 months. Whenever a UTI-suspicion occurs in between the 3 monthly time points, additional data and a urine sample will be collected. Urine samples undergo several urinalyses (e.g. dipstick and bacterial culture). Additional molecular analysis will be conducted on a selection of cultured Escherichia coli (E. coli) for virulence genes. Primary analyses will be conducted between residents with and without ASB at each time point. The primary outcome is UTI incidence during follow-up. In secondary analyses we will also take into account the low versus high presence of virulence genes of the E. coli. Discussion: The combination of high ASB prevalence and a reduced ability of frail older adults to express UTI-related S&S may lead to UTI misdiagnosis and inappropriate antibiotic use. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the dynamics and role of bacteriuria in the elderly bladder and their potential protective effect on the development of UTI. The study findings with comprehensive analysis of epidemiological, clinical and molecular data could set the fundamental base for future guidelines and studies, and contribute to improving prevention, diagnosis and treatment of UTI in frail older adults, in addition to contributing to antibiotic stewardship in NHs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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28. An in-vitro model for bacteria-related catheter encrustations.
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Pannek, Jürgen, Mahler, Jasmin, Kurmann, Carmen, Widmer, Alexandra, Krebs, Jörg, and Wöllner, Jens
- Subjects
- *
IMPLANTABLE catheters , *ESCHERICHIA coli , *BLADDER stones , *INCRUSTATIONS , *BACTERIAL growth - Abstract
Purpose: About 50% of individuals with long-term indwelling catheters are affected by catheter encrustations and bladder stone formation. Therefore, prophylaxis of catheter encrustations is important. Currently, however, neither an established prophylaxis nor a standardized in-vitro model to test different measures exist. We have therefore developed and qualitatively evaluated an in-vitro model of catheter encrustation. Methods: Size 14 French suprapubic catheters were incubated under sterile conditions at 37 degrees Celsius in five different media: (1) sterile artificial urine (n = 16), (2) artificial urine with E. coli (n = 8), (3) with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 8), (4) with Proteus mirabilis (n = 8), and (5) with a mix of these three strains (n = 8). Catheter balloons were inflated either a glycerine or a bactericidal solution. After 6 weeks, the catheters were removed from the solution, dried, and weighed, and a photometric determination of the retrieved encrustations was performed. Results: Most frequently and pronounced encrustations were detected in the Pseudomonas group. The median weight of these encrustations (50% struvite and brushite) was 84.4 mg (47.7 mg / 127.3 mg). Even on catheters stored in sterile urine, encrustations (69.2% struvite) were found. Bacterial growth was not affected by the medium used for catheter blockage. Conclusion: Although in-vitro models appear to be limited because they lack "the human factor", they are valuable for systematically assessing physico-chemical factors affecting encrustations. Therefore, our model, being reliable and cost-effective, may foster further research despite its limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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29. Significance of scattered small echogenic foci floating in urinary bladder as ultrasonography finding in dogs.
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Moosavian, Hamidreza, Masoudifard, Majid, Zareh, Maede Beiki, Jamshidi, Shahram, and Tamai, Iraj Ashrafi
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- *
URINALYSIS , *ODDS ratio , *BACTERIURIA , *DOGS , *ULTRASONIC imaging - Abstract
Background: Despite the prevalence of echogenic foci floating in the urinary bladder seen in ultrasonography in dogs, surprisingly little has been written on its significance, including its potential association with urinalysis. The objective of the study was to determine the diagnostic value of the echogenic foci floating in urinary bladders in dogs. Results: - Cystosonography was performed on 45 dogs. Bladder contents were examined and divided into positive (containing echogenic particles) and negative (absent echogenic particles) groups according to the presence and absence of floating echogenic particles. Five mL of urine was collected via cystocentesis. Urine analysis and culture were done and the relationship between ultrasound evaluation and urinalysis results was investigated. In dogs with bladder echogenic particles in ultrasonography, the prevalence of hematuria, pyuria, bacteriuria, and lipiduria were 88.9%, 92.6%, 29.6%, and 70.3%, respectively. However, in dogs in which echogenic particles were not observed in their bladders, the prevalence of hematuria, pyuria, bacteriuria, and lipiduria was 77%, 50%, 5.5%, and 77%, respectively. There was a significant association between bladder debris and positive urine culture, with an odds ratio of 7.15 (95% confidence interval: 0.81–63.28) compared with matched controls. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the presence of floating echogenic particles with pyuria, and urine color (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the present results showed the detection of bladder debris on ultrasound can be a predictor for pyuria and positive urine culture in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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30. Microbiologist in the Clinic: Postmenopausal Woman with Chronic OAB and Positive Urine Culture.
- Author
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Brubaker, Linda, Horsley, Harry, Khasriya, Rajvinder, and Wolfe, Alan J.
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- *
LABORATORY personnel , *URINARY organs , *WOMEN'S health , *SYMPTOMS , *POSTMENOPAUSE , *OVERACTIVE bladder , *BACTERIURIA - Abstract
In this second episode of the Microbiologist in the Clinic series, clinicians and laboratory scientists share their perspectives about a 75-year-old woman who was diagnosed with asymptomatic bacteriuria based on positive urine cultures. The patient and her GP are concerned about this laboratory finding as the patient will become immunosuppressed with planned chemotherapy. The patient has had an overactive bladder (OAB) for approximately 20 years, with good control of her urinary urgency and frequency (no incontinence) with a stable dose of OAB medication. The challenges of this clinical presentation are discussed, with evidence for evaluation and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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31. Antibiotics for delirium in older adults with pyuria or bacteriuria: A systematic review.
- Author
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Stall, Nathan M., Kandel, Christopher, Reppas‐Rindlisbacher, Christina, Quinn, Kieran L., Wiesenfeld, Lesley, MacFadden, Derek R., Johnstone, Jennie, and Fralick, Michael
- Subjects
- *
ANTIBIOTICS , *SUPPURATION , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *URINARY tract infections , *DISEASE duration , *URINE , *BACTERIURIA , *SEVERITY of illness index , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *MEDLINE , *DELIRIUM , *SYMPTOMS , *OLD age - Abstract
Background: It is unclear whether antibiotics impact delirium outcomes in older adults with pyuria or bacteriuria in the absence of systemic signs of infection or genitourinary symptoms. Methods: We registered our systematic review protocol with PROSPERO (CRD42023418091). We searched the Medline and Embase databases from inception until April 2023 for studies investigating the impact of antimicrobial treatment on the duration and severity of delirium in older adults (≥60 years) with pyuria (white blood cells detected on urinalysis or dipstick) or bacteriuria (bacteria growing on urine culture) and without systemic signs of infection (temperature > 37.9C [>100.2F] or 1.5C [2.4F] increase above baseline temperature, and/or hemodynamic instability) or genitourinary symptoms (acute dysuria or new/worsening urinary symptoms). Two reviewers independently screened search results, abstracted data, and appraised the risk of bias. Full‐text randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational study designs were included without restriction on study language, duration, or year of publication. Results: We screened 984 citations and included 4 studies comprising 652 older adults (mean age was 84.6 years and 63.5% were women). The four studies were published between 1996 and 2022, and included one RCT, two prospective observational cohort studies, and one retrospective chart review. None of the four studies demonstrated a significant effect of antibiotics on delirium outcomes, with two studies reported a worsening of outcomes among adults who received antibiotics. The three observational studies included had a moderate or serious overall risk of bias, while the one RCT had a high overall risk of bias. Conclusions: Our systematic review found no evidence that treatment with antibiotics is associated with improved delirium outcomes in older adults with pyuria or bacteriuria and without systemic signs of infection or genitourinary symptoms. Overall, the evidence was limited, largely observational, and had substantial risk of bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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32. Bacteriuria and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing in 45 min by point-of-care Sysmex PA-100 System: first clinical evaluation.
- Author
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Alonso-Tarrés, Carles, Benjumea Moreno, Carla, Navarro, Ferran, Habison, Aline C., Gonzàlez-Bertran, Elisenda, Blanco, Francisco, Borràs, Jaume, Garrigó, Montserrat, and Saker, Jarob
- Subjects
- *
MICROBIAL sensitivity tests , *BACTERIURIA , *URINARY tract infections , *PHENOTYPES , *INAPPROPRIATE prescribing (Medicine) - Abstract
Purpose: This study compared the results of the new Sysmex PA-100 AST System, a point-of-care analyser, with routine microbiology for the detection of urinary tract infections (UTI) and performance of antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) directly from urine. Methods: Native urine samples from 278 female patients with suspected uncomplicated UTI were tested in the Sysmex PA-100 and with reference methods of routine microbiology: urine culture for bacteriuria and disc diffusion for AST. Results: The analyser delivered bacteriuria results in 15 min and AST results within 45 min. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of microbiologically confirmed bacteriuria were 84.0% (89/106; 95% CI: 75.6–90.4%) and 99.4% (155/156; 95% CI: 96.5–100%), respectively, for bacterial species within the analyser specifications. These are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, which are common species causing uncomplicated UTI. Overall categorical agreement (OCA) for AST results for the five antimicrobials tested in the Sysmex PA-100 (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim) ranged from 85.4% (70/82; 95%CI: 75.9–92.2%) for ciprofloxacin to 96.4% (81/84; 95% CI: 89.9–99.3%) for trimethoprim. The Sysmex PA-100 provided an optimal treatment recommendation in 218/278 cases (78.4%), against 162/278 (58.3%) of clinical decisions. Conclusion: This first clinical evaluation of the Sysmex PA-100 in a near-patient setting demonstrated that the analyser delivers phenotypic AST results within 45 min, which could enable rapid initiation of the correct targeted treatment with no further adjustment needed. The Sysmex PA-100 has the potential to significantly reduce ineffective or unnecessary antibiotic prescription in patients with UTI symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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33. Reviving Sternheimer stain: A single-center retrospective study to detect the diagnostic utility of urinary tract infections in the emergency department.
- Author
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Nagatomi, Hikaru, Sada, Ryuichi Minoda, Abe, Noriyuki, Miyake, Hirofumi, and Akebo, Hiroyuki
- Subjects
- *
URINARY tract infections , *HOSPITAL emergency services , *GRAM'S stain , *LEUCOCYTES , *BACTERIURIA - Abstract
Qualitative urinalysis using the Sternheimer stain is a common method in Japan for identifying bacteriuria, but there is a lack of studies examining its test characteristics. In this study, we aimed to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of the Sternheimer stain for urine culture results and compare it with the sensitivity and specificity of the Gram stain. Our goal was to determine the usefulness of the Sternheimer stain in identifying bacteriuria. Among 986 patients aged 16 years or older from whom samples for both urinalysis and urine culture were obtained at the emergency room of Tenri Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019, 342 patients with pyuria, defined as the presence of 10 or more white cells per cubic millimeter in a urine specimen, who had not received prior antimicrobial therapy were included. Urine cultures were used for comparison to determine the sensitivity and specificity of Sternheimer and Gram stain in this patient group. A positive Sternheimer stain result was defined as bacteriuria ≥ (1+), and that of Gram stain was defined as ≥ 1/1 field of high-power (× 1000) oil immersion. Using urine culture results for comparison, the sensitivity of Sternheimer stain was 92.2%, the specificity was 48.5%, the positive likelihood ratio was 1.79, and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.16. Sternheimer stain is a rapid and useful method to exclude bacteriuria in a group of patients with pyuria in the emergency department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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34. Atypical symptoms in emergency department patients with urosepsis challenge current urinary tract infection management guidelines.
- Author
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Biebelberg, Brett, Kehoe, Iain E., Zheng, Hui, O'Connell, Abigail, Filbin, Michael R., Heldt, Thomas, and Reisner, Andrew T.
- Subjects
URINARY tract infection treatment ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,MEDICAL protocols ,ACADEMIC medical centers ,SECONDARY analysis ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,DIZZINESS ,FATIGUE (Physiology) ,HYPERTENSION ,HOSPITAL emergency services ,BACTERIURIA ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,FEVER ,ODDS ratio ,SEPSIS ,METROPOLITAN areas ,MEDICAL records ,ACQUISITION of data ,STATISTICS ,COGNITION disorders ,HYPERLACTATEMIA ,DATA analysis software ,LEUCOCYTE disorders ,MEDICAL triage ,ADULTS - Abstract
The article reports a secondary analysis of a data set of adult sepsis patients treated in the emergency department (ED) of an urban academic medical center from April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2016 if they meet the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) guidelines for managing asymptomatic bacteriuria. Results revealed that 28% of patients with atypical symptoms did not meet IDSA symptom criteria for antibiotic treatment. It suggests that the guidelines may be to narrow in the ED setting. more...
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- 2024
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35. Urinalysis and culture results of free‐catch urine samples in dogs: a randomised controlled trial.
- Author
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Mandese, W. W., Suero, M., Reynolds, P. S., Kariyawasam, S., Beatty, S., and Griffin, F.
- Subjects
URINARY tract infections ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,BACTERIURIA ,BACTERIAL growth ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of bacterial presence in free‐catch urine samples preceded by either a standardised prepped ("clean‐catch") protocol versus unprepped (non‐cleaned) voiding. Materials and Methods: The study was a single‐centre prospective single‐blinded randomised controlled trial. Urine samples were obtained from 100 client‐owned dogs presenting for routine evaluation. Dogs were randomly assigned to either the prepped group (preputial or peri‐vulvar area cleaned with sterile saline before collection) or the unprepped group (no preliminary cleansing) stratified by sex. Urinalysis and urine culture (blood and MacConkey agar) were performed on all samples. Significant bacterial presence on urine culture was defined as >104 colony forming units (CFU)/mL. Results: There were no statistically significant associations between prepped versus unprepped collection method or sex with a urinalysis positive for bacteriuria. However, on culture, significant bacterial growth was almost five times more likely to be associated with males relative to females (odds ratio 4.59, 95% confidence interval 1.61 to 13.10). The probability of finding a positive culture was not statistically associated with prep method (odds ratio 1.43, 95% confidence interval 0.50 to 4.08). Clinical Significance: For the majority of dogs without clinical signs of urinary tract infection, free‐catch urine collection does not result in significant bacteriuria found on analysis or culture. The presence of bacteria found in free‐catch samples may be secondary to sample contamination or subclinical bacteriuria. Sample contamination or subclinical bacteriuria may be more prevalent in male dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Long-Term Outcomes of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteriuria: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
- Author
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Moon, Chisook, Kang, Jin Suk, Mun, Seok Jun, Kim, Si-Ho, and Wi, Yu Mi
- Subjects
SOFT tissue infections ,JOINT infections ,URINARY tract infections ,INTENSIVE care units ,MULTIDRUG resistance - Abstract
The relationship between bacteriuria and subsequent symptomatic infections, particularly bacteraemia, has been a subject of ongoing research. We aim to investigate the clinical characteristics, long-term outcomes, and factors associated with subsequent symptomatic infection following an initial multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP) bacteriuria episode. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients with MDRP bacteriuria who were hospitalized at a tertiary care hospital from 2009 to 2018, with a 12-month follow-up period for each patient. The primary endpoint was the incidence of subsequent symptomatic MDRP infections at any site, and the secondary endpoint was the overall mortality rate. A total of 260 patients with MDRP bacteriuria were included in the analysis, of whom 155 patients (59.6%) had asymptomatic bacteriuria. Subsequent symptomatic MDRP infections were documented in 79 patients (30.3%) within 12 months of the initial bacteriuria episode: UTI (n = 47, 18.1%), pneumonia (n = 21, 8.1%), bacteraemia (n = 9, 3.5%), soft tissue infection (n = 7, 2.7%), and bone and joint infection (n = 4, 1.5%). Intensive care unit (ICU) acquisition and recurrent bacteriuria were independent risk factors of subsequent symptomatic infections in patients with MDRP bacteriuria. The overall mortality rate was 16.9%, with 31.8% of deaths estimated to be associated with MDRP infection. Solid tumours, cardiovascular diseases, chronic liver disease, chronic lung disease, ICU acquisition, absence of pyuria, and concurrent MDRP bacteraemia were independent predictors of mortality. MDRP bacteriuria has the potential for progression to symptomatic infection and associated mortality. Targeted interventions and prevention strategies were crucial to reduce subsequent infections in patients with MDRP bacteriuria, especially in high-risk patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Unique Presentation of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria, Vertebral Osteomyelitis, and Iliopsoas Abscess Due to Klebsiella pneumonia in a 73-Year-Old Man with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Empagliflozin.
- Author
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Farouji, Abdelhadi, Battah, Arwa, Hellou, Rabea, Ahmad, Amaar, and Farouji, Iyad
- Subjects
- *
TYPE 2 diabetes , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *PHYSICIANS , *SODIUM-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors , *KLEBSIELLA pneumoniae , *URINARY tract infections , *BACTERIURIA - Abstract
Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2), such as empagliflozin, used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), can increase the risk of infections, including urinary tract infections and osteomyelitis, especially in elderly patients. The use of SGLT2 inhibitors has been increasing dramatically in the last few years. Therefore, their adverse effects and complications have also been increasing. Herein, this report describes a 73-year-old man with type 2 DM treated with empagliflozin presenting with asymptomatic bacteriuria, vertebral osteomyelitis and iliopsoas abscess due to Klebsiella pneumoniae. Case Report: We report a 73-year-old man with DM on empagliflozin who presented with back pain of 1-month duration with elevated inflammatory markers. On lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), he was found to have lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis and left iliopsoas abscess. His symptoms were improved with abscess drainage and antimicrobial therapy. The source of infection was most likely asymptomatic bacteriuria, which may have been secondary to empagliflozin treatment, as evidenced by the urine, the blood, the bone and abscess cultures revealing growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae with the same susceptibility profile. Conclusions: This particular case reinforces the significance of potential complications of DM and SGLT2 inhibitors’ adverse effects, especially the increased risk of infections, and can aid clinicians in expanding the differential and enabling them to reach an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. Although vertebral osteomyelitis is a less common cause of back pain, physicians should keep it in the differential diagnosis whenever a patient’s back pain is chronic and associated with motor weakness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. BACTERIURIA CO-INFECTION AND IMPACT OF URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS ON DAILY ACTIVITIES OF WOMEN IN YALA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, CRS, NIGERIA.
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J., Ubi Patience, U., Otu Joseph, and U., Omini Arit
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URINARY tract infections , *SCHISTOSOMA haematobium , *SCHISTOSOMIASIS , *DRINKING water , *HEALTH education - Abstract
Urinary schistosomiasis is one of the most important tropical diseases, which has received insufficient attention in developing countries. The burden of urinary schistosomiasis is further exacerbated by co-infection with bacterial Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs). This study was aimed at assessing bacteria co-infection and the impact of urinary schistosomiasis on daily activities of women in Yala L.G.A in Cross River State, Nigeria. Macroscopy, urinalysis, and microscopy were used to examine the 650 urine samples (400 from Okpoma and 250 from Ugaga villages) collected to determine presence of Schistosoma haematobium eggs. The presence of bacterial strains in urine samples positive for Schistosoma eggs was evaluated using standard microbiological protocol. Questionnaires administered to women provided information on socio-demographic data and water-contact activities. Results revealed that out of the 650 urine specimens examined in the two villages, 202 (31.08%) were infected as overall prevalence. The highest prevalence (48.53%) was found among the 11-22 years age group, and the least (12.80%) among the 59- 70 years age group. Statistical analysis at significance level (P≤ 0.05) revealed that there is a significant relationship between occupation and infection rate of schistosomiasis in the area. One hundred and sixty women (72.07%) who were infected complained of suprapubic pain and painful urination. Also, the infection prevented them from going to farm, market, carrying out their daily domestic activities (cooking, washing, fetching water), attending social functions, and performing their functions as caregivers. A total of eight (8) bacteria genera were isolated and identified from 202 urine samples positive for Schistosoma eggs. The bacterial species include Klebsiella sp. 3 (2.47%), Staphylococcus aureus 39 (32.23%), Enterococcus aerogenes 6 (4.95), Escherichia coli 32 (26,45), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 14 (11.57), Staphylococcus saprophyticus 10 (8.26), Enterococcus faecalis 9 (6.61) and Proteus sp. 8 (6.61). Significant bacteriuria was detected in 121 (59.90%) and co-infection was detected in 65 (53.68%) of schistosomiasis cases. This investigation revealed the impact of urinary schistosomiasis on the daily activities of the women and significant bacteriuria in the study area which suggest that bacterial presence may be a potent complication in the management of urinary schistosomiasis. The integration of complementary control strategies such as disease surveillance, chemotherapy, health education, potable water supply, provision of toilet facilities and sanitation in the study area would lead to great success.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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39. Risk of infective endocarditis and complicated infection in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia – a retrospective cohort study on the role of bacteriuria.
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Bergenman, Oskar, Nilson, Bo, and Rasmussen, Magnus
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STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus infections , *INFECTIVE endocarditis , *BACTERIURIA , *COHORT analysis , *URINARY tract infections , *DISEASE relapse , *BACTEREMIA - Abstract
Purpose: S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) is a common and severe infection with high mortality and morbidity. The clinical relevance of the finding of concurrent S. aureus bacteriuria (SABU) is debated. The goal of this study was to analyze whether a concurrent SABU is associated with complicated SAB, infective endocarditis (IE) and mortality. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, reviewing medical charts of all episodes of SAB in patients > 18 years in the region of Skåne, Sweden, between 1st of January and 31st of June 2020. Episodes where a concurrent urine culture was performed were included for analysis. An episode was considered as complicated SAB if there was either attributable mortality, recurrent infection, embolic stroke, or occurrence of a complicated focus of infection. Results: During the study period, there were 279 episodes of SAB. 154 episodes met the eligibility criteria, of whom 37 (24%) had concurrent SABU. In 78 episodes (51%), the patients had a complicated SAB. There was a significantly lower proportion of complicated SAB for episodes with concurrent SABU (32%), compared to episodes without concurrent SABU (56%), p-value 0.014. Moreover, in the cohort there were 11 episodes (7.1%) of IE and a 30 days mortality rate of 16%, with no difference between the groups with or without SABU. Conclusions: There is an association between concurrent SABU and a decreased risk for complicated SAB among patients with SAB. This study found no significant association between SABU and neither IE nor mortality for patients with SAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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40. Microbiology of infection-related complications after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy.
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Nguyen, Cynthia T., Lew, Alison, Pettit, Natasha N., Pisano, Jennifer, and Reynolds, Luke F.
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RISK assessment , *BIOPSY , *URINARY tract infections , *CEPHRADINE , *CIPROFLOXACIN , *ANTIBIOTICS , *FLUOROQUINOLONES , *BACTEREMIA , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *TREATMENT duration , *BACTERIURIA , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PROSTATE , *SURGICAL complications , *LONGITUDINAL method , *ESCHERICHIA coli , *ODDS ratio , *MICROBIOLOGY , *ANTIBIOTIC prophylaxis , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *RECTUM , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to describe the incidence, microbiology, and risk factors related to infectious complications after transrectal prostate biopsies. METHODS: This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing prostate biopsies. Throughout the study period, the institutional recommendation for antibiotic prophylaxis was cephalexin and ciprofloxacin. Due to the desire to limit fluoroquinolone use, the ciprofloxacin duration of therapy was reduced from 48 to 24 hours in the middle of the study period. The primary outcome was the incidence of infection-related complications, defined as a urinary tract infection (UTI) or bacteremia within 30 days post-procedure. RESULTS: A total of 1471 transrectal prostate biopsies were included. All patients received antibiotic prophylaxis, with 86.1% (1268/1472) of patients receiving both ciprofloxacin and cephalexin. The incidence of infection-related complications was 1.6% (24/1471). Four patients experienced bacteremia, all of which were due to E. coli, and all of these patients had received antibiotic prophylaxis with an active antibiotic. The use of ciprofloxacin was associated with a lower risk of infection-related complications (odds ratio [OR] 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07, 0.55). Bacteriuria within one year prior to the procedure was associated with increased risk of infection-related complications (OR 4.77, 95% CI 1.34, 16.93). Four (0.3%) patients experienced an antibiotic-related adverse event. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a low rate of infection-related complications and antibioticrelated adverse events in the setting of antibiotic prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin and cephalexin for 24 hours, without pre-procedure rectal culture screening. Investigation into procedural or host factors may uncover opportunities to further reduce infection-related complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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41. "A STUDY ON THE CLINICAL-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS PRESENTING TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT WITH ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL".
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Basavaraj B., Krishna N., Leelamohan, P. V. R., and K., Rakesh Nayaka
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ACUTE kidney failure , *HOSPITAL emergency services , *HYPERKALEMIA , *BLOOD gases analysis , *TERTIARY care , *KIDNEY function tests , *BACTERIURIA - Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is described as a loss of kidney filtration and excretory function over days or weeks, resulting in the retention of nitrogenous and other waste products ordinarily eliminated by the kidneys. The extent of the problem is so severe that one in every five adults and one in every three children globally develop AKI during hospitalization.¹ OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients presenting with Acute kidney injury to the emergency department 2. To find out the presumptive aetiology of AKI while the patient is in the Emergency department. MATERIAL & METHODS: Study Design: A Clinical Prospective Observational Study. Study area: The study was conducted in the Department of Emergency Medicine. Study Period: 1 year. Sample size: The study consisted of a total of 100 subjects. Sampling Technique: Simple Random technique. Study tools and Data collection procedure: Sample of Venous blood gas -- 1ml of venous blood in a 2ml heparinised syringe was used PHOX ULTRA MACHINE by Nova Medical was used for analysis of venous blood gas. Sample for renal function test of venous blood in serum vial collected and results obtained based on a spectrophotometer and calorimeter method. MODULAR P800 by ross company was used for the analysis of kidney function tests Sample for urine routine and microscopy- 5ml of urine collected in the sterile container. Results: Out of the 100 cases, 57 cases were admitted, 18 cases were discharged and 25 cases died in the emergency. Out of 57 admitted patients,22 patients received dialysis 16 patients were discharged and 5 patients died. The overall ED mortality associated with Acute kidney injury was 25 cases (25%). Out of 100 cases recruited, 75 cases were alive and 18 cases got discharged from emergency. Out of 25 deaths in ED, 21 cases had refractory metabolic acidosis, 16 cases had refractory septic shock and 11 cases had refractory hyperkalemia. CONCLUSION: In our investigation, we discovered that HRS and sepsis are the most common causes of acute kidney injury. HRS remains a disorder with a high death rate due to the co-morbidity of CLD. Common and critical illnesses necessitate prompt diagnosis and treatments, such as dialysis. Understanding the etiologies and factors influencing mortality outcomes can help with patient treatment, preventing the onset of AKI, and avoiding unnecessary deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
42. Manejo de la bacteriuria asintomática prequirúrgica.
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Augusto Diaz-Sanabria, Ricardo, Alza-Arcila, Jhongert, Fernando Gómez-Boada, Diego, Armando Oquendo-Gahona, Diego, Cristina Ramírez-Sánchez, Isabel, Mauricio Trompa-Romero, Iván, and Carlos Cataño-Correa, Juan more...
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- 2024
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43. Association between body mass index and urinary tract infections: A cross‐sectional investigation of the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study
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Sonbol Taramian, Farahnaz Joukar, Saman Maroufizadeh, Soheil Hassanipour, Fateme Sheida, and Fariborz Mansour‐Ghanaei
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bacteriuria ,BMI ,Pyuria ,urinary tract infections ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction There is a relationship between excess body weight and the risk of a number of infectious diseases, including urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to investigate the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and UTIs among Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies of the Iranian Adults (PERSIAN) Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS) population. Methods This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 10,520 individuals aged 35–70 years from PGCS. The demographical data and clinical characteristics of the participants were recorded. Microscopic examination of the urine samples was performed to detect the presence of bacteria or white blood cells (WBC) as indicators of infection. UTI was defined as the presence of bacteria in the urine (Few, moderate, and many) and a value of ≥10 WBC/high power field (HPF) by light microscopy. Results The prevalence of UTIs in this study was 8.8%, with a higher incidence in females compared to males (12.2% vs. 4.7%, p more...
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- 2024
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44. Winning entry of the creative competition.
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Kaiser, Ulrich
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ANTIBIOTICS ,URINARY tract infections ,BACTERIURIA ,CREATIVE ability ,AWARDS ,COMPETITION (Psychology) ,SYMPTOMS - Abstract
The article focuses on the winning entry of the 2023 creative competition, highlighting key insights on asymptomatic bacteriuria, emphasizing that antibiotic treatment is generally unnecessary without clinical symptoms and noting specific exceptions to this guideline. more...
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- 2024
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45. Efficacy of BLASTX in Catheter Associated Bacteriuria Versus Standard of Care (SOC)
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- 2023
46. Current and Emerging Practices for Preventing CAUTI in the ICU
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Zafar, Bilal, Warner, Mark T., Ellsworth, Misti, editor, and Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, editor
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- 2024
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47. Prevention and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections After Radical Cystectomy, Diversion, and Reservoirs
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Gacci, Mauro, Serni, Sergio, Frizzi, Jacopo, Bjerklund Johansen, Truls E., editor, and Cai, Tommaso, editor
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- 2024
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48. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from urinary isolates obtained from cats (2013‐2020)
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Koontz, Caitlan W, Epstein, Steven E, and Westropp, Jodi L
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Veterinary Sciences ,Agricultural ,Veterinary and Food Sciences ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Infectious Diseases ,Vaccine Related ,Prevention ,Biodefense ,Digestive Diseases ,Antimicrobial Resistance ,Urologic Diseases ,Aetiology ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Infection ,Animals ,Bacteriuria ,Escherichia coli ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Drug Resistance ,Bacterial ,Urinary Tract Infections ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Bacterial Infections ,Cystitis ,Enterococcus faecium ,Clavulanic Acid ,Amoxicillin ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,kidney ,multidrug resistance ,pyelonephritis ,renal ,subclinical bacteriuria ,urinary tract ,urinary tract infections ,Veterinary sciences - Abstract
BackgroundBacterial urinary tract infections have been associated with comorbidities and increased antimicrobial resistance over time.ObjectiveTo identify bacterial species, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and risk factors associated with antimicrobial resistance.AnimalsThree hundred sixty-three positive urine cultures from 308 cats.MethodsBacterial species and antimicrobial susceptibility data from positive aerobic bacterial urine cultures from cats with growth of ≥103 colony forming units per milliliter (cfu/ml) were included. Medical records were reviewed, and bacteriuria was classified as sporadic bacterial cystitis, recurrent bacterial cystitis or subclinical bacteriuria (SBU). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate antimicrobial resistance risk factors.ResultsA total of 444 bacterial isolates from 363 bacteriuric episodes were identified. Escherichia coli (52%) and SBU (59%) were the most common organism and classification, respectively. When compared to other classifications of bacteriuria, Enterococcus spp. were more likely to be isolated from SBU episodes (P 90% susceptible designation to all bacteria isolated highlighting the importance of performing urine culture and susceptibility testing, particularly for cats with recurrent bacterial cystitis. more...
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- 2023
49. Evaluation of a rapid immunoassay for bacteriuria in dogs.
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Sutter, Craig M, Dear, Jonathan D, Fine, Jeffrey R, Pires, Jully, Sykes, Jane E, Segev, Gilad, and Westropp, Jodi L
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Animals ,Dogs ,Bacterial Infections ,Urinary Tract Infections ,Bacteriuria ,Dog Diseases ,Radioimmunoassay ,Urinalysis ,Prospective Studies ,RIA ,RapidBac ,bacteriuria ,urinary tract infection ,Clinical Research ,Infectious Diseases ,Prevention ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Veterinary Sciences - Abstract
BackgroundThe ability to detect bacteriuria in dogs with a point-of-care test might improve medical care and antimicrobial stewardship.Hypothesis and objectiveA rapid immunoassay (RIA; RapidBac) will provide acceptable sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of bacteriuria.AnimalsForty-four client-owned dogs with a clinical indication for urinalysis and aerobic bacterial urine culture.MethodsProspective study. Urine, collected by cystocentesis, was submitted for urinalysis and culture at a diagnostic laboratory. Owners completed an enrollment questionnaire regarding their dogs' clinical signs. The RIA was performed according to the manufacturer's guidelines. Results were compared to culture.ResultsForty-four urine specimens were evaluated from 44 dogs. The sensitivity and specificity of the RIA test to detect bacteriuria compared to urine culture were 81.8% (95% CI, 65.7%-97.9%) and 95.5% (95% CI, 86.8%-99.9%), respectively. For cultures yielding ≥103 CFU/mL, sensitivity increased to 90.0% (95% CI, 76.9%-100%) and specificity was similar at 95.2% (95% CI, 86.1%-99.9%). Malodorous urine, bacteriuria, and pyuria were more likely to be present in dogs with positive RIA or urine culture results compared to dogs with negative results.Conclusions and clinical importanceThe RIA was easy to perform and had good sensitivity and excellent specificity in this group of dogs. The RIA might be a useful screening test for decision-making regarding antimicrobial therapy in dogs with a clinical indication for urine culture. Consideration could be given to amending the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Disease definition of bacterial cystitis as the presence of signs of lower urinary tract disease together with positive culture or a positive RIA. more...
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- 2023
50. Molecular detection of Staphylococcus aureus in urine in patients with S. aureus bacteremia: an exploratory study
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Schuler, Franziska, Kaasch, Achim J., and Schaumburg, Frieder
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- 2024
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