Search

Taking into consideration Calvino's 1967 lecture "Cibernetica e  fantasmi," the article discusses wheter the similarities between mathematics and literature previously noticed when reading Calvino's Six Memos for the Next  Millennium (Lezioni americane) may be extended to include both central characteristics of 21st century mathematics and the mechanization of formal proofs.

This paper provides a brief review on modeling of composite structures. Composite structures in this paper refer to any structure featuring anisotropy and heterogeneity, including but not limited to their traditional meaning of composite laminates made of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites. Common methods used in modeling of composite structures, including the axiomatic method, the formal asymptotic method, and the variational asymptotic method, are illustrated in deriving the classical lamination theory for the composite laminated plates. Future research directions for modeling composite structures are also pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article employs a model-theoretic semantics to interpret a fragment of the language of the Quantified Argument Calculus (Quarc ), a recently introduced logical system whose main aim is capturing the structure of natural language sentences in a closer way than does the language of classical logic. The main contribution is an axiomatization for the set of formulas that are valid in all standard interpretations within the employed semantics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Análisis Filosófico is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Analisis Filosofico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper provides a brief review on modeling of composite structures. Composite structures in this paper refer to any structure featuring anisotropy and heterogeneity, including but not limited to their traditional meaning of composite laminates made of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites. Common methods used in modeling of composite structures, including the axiomatic method, the formal asymptotic method, and the variational asymptotic method, are illustrated in deriving the classical lamination theory for the composite laminated plates. Future research directions for modeling composite structures are also pointed out.

Copyright of Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Filosofia Medieval and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Comparing philosophies is an effort to find ways of interaction and synergy between these schools. It seems that finding the commonalities and differences between these structures and the appropriate method of achieving this are important. The method can be considered at two levels: macro and definite levels. The problem here is that if for this adaptation we choose the phenomenological method with carbon as a macro method, and to give objectivity to this macro method, the adapted structures in the context of the "Axiomatic method" in the contemporary time using the theory of the "model" has become more formal, we implement, then the most fundamental similarities and differences that are emphasized in the phenomenological method, in which components of the structures of the thematic principle in question are determined. How is the relationship between these two categories of components explained to each other, so that in the light of this explanation, the other points of commonality and differences of the matching devices are clearly and systematically identified? Therefore by using the context of the Axiomatic method and the capacity to formalize model theory in a limited circle in Islamic philosophy, an attempt was made to show that "undefined concepts" the most fundamental similarities and their "interpretations" or the emergence of differences in these interpretations are also the main factor of differentiation and creation of different devices, and the ratio of the two to each other is the "absolute" relation to the "constraint".

In this paper I provide a detailed history of von Neumann's "No Hidden Variables" theorem, and I argue it is a demonstration that his axiomatization mathematically captures a salient feature of the statistical transformation theory (namely, that hidden variables are incompatible). I show that this reading of von Neumann's theorem is obvious once one recalls several factors of his work. First, his axiomatization was what I call a Hilbert-style axiomatic completion; indeed, it developed from work initiated by Hilbert (and Nordheim). Second, it was responsive to specific mathematical and theoretical problems faced by Dirac and Jordan's statistical transformation theory (then called 'quantum mechanics'). Third, the axiomatization was completed across his 1927 papers and 1932 book when he identified the basic assumptions underwriting quantum mechanics, showed that these suffice for deriving the trace rule, and showed that the trace rule is incompatible with hidden variables. With this reading in mind, his claim that quantum mechanics was in "compelling logical contradiction with causality" appears as a straightforward consequence of his theorem. I conclude by reassessing the theorem's broader historical and scientific significance. • Critics believe von Neumann slandered all hidden variable theories. • However, his axiomatization was only of the statistical transformation theory (STT). • Von Neumann's theorem showed, contra Jordan's claim, that STT was complete. • The theorem thus documents the axiomatic method's successful completion of STT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Filozofski Vestnik is the property of Scientific Research Centre of Slovenian Academy of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Formalism in the philosophy of mathematics has taken a variety of forms and has been advocated for widely divergent reasons. In Sects. 1 and 2, I briefly introduce the major formalist doctrines of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These are what I call empirico-semantic formalism (advocated by Heine), game formalism (advocated by Thomae) and instrumental formalism (advocated by Hilbert). After describing these views, I note some basic points of similarity and difference between them. In the remainder of the paper, I turn my attention to Hilbert's instrumental formalism. My primary aim there will be to develop its formalist elements more fully. These are, in the main, (i) its rejection of the axiom-centric focus of traditional model-construction approaches to consistency problems, (ii) its departure from the traditional understanding of the basic nature of proof and (iii) its distinctively descriptive or observational orientation with regard to the consistency problem for arithmetic. More specifically, I will highlight what I see as the salient points of connection between Hilbert's formalist attitude and his finitist standard for the consistency proof for arithmetic. I will also note what I see as a significant tension between Hilbert's observational approach to the consistency problem for arithmetic and his expressed hope that his solution of that problem would dispense with certain epistemological concerns regarding arithmetic once and for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the search for the nature of the ontology of an art work on the example of a literary work. Tradition viewed a work of art as the discovery of a higher truth. Analytical philosophy deprived literature of the status of truth in general, and thereby deprived it of any ontological dimension. Heidegger’s attempt to return this dimension to literature through its relationship with Being did not find continuation in philosophy. The author proposes to consider a literary work as a model of the world, primarily the social world. This approach makes liken a literary work to a mathematical theory. A mathematical theory is built as a correlation of simple elements; in a literary work such elements are characters (sometimes things). A mathematical theory is built on clearly defined axioms, a literary work is also built on axioms, but they do not have an explicit expression within the work and cannot always be perceived intuitively. The author shows that the mathematical theory never fully meets the specified conditions, and the mathematicians themselves note that in the future they will largely lose their strength. Thus, a literary work is of the same nature as a mathematical theory, only it presents a more complex case. The problem of truth serves as the way to find the ontological dimension. Analysis shows that in mathematics it is solved not by reducing a hypothesis to axioms, but by recognizing a theory through its effectiveness or applicability. For a work of art, such a criterion is its perception by its readers. In both cases, the ontological dimension is in the mind of the reader [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of innovation infrastructure is detailed and differentiated using various approaches, the grounds for its relationship with the innovation system in the context of their impact on the formation of innovation results is clarified. The aspects of interpreting the investigated concept of innovation studies by regulatory sources of domestic legislation and international standards are considered; inconsistency of the definitions in normative acts is indicated; the author’s definition of innovation infrastructure is presented; the substantive content of the concept of innovation system in conjunction with the innovation infrastructure is clarified. The essence of innovation infrastructure as a result of innovative activity is revealed, and its place in their formation is indicated. Using the axiomatic principle of transitivity, the list of results of the investigated innovation category as results of the innovative orientation of entrepreneurial activity is also given and justified. The theoretical substantiation of the interdependence and certainty of innovation infrastructure and the innovation system in the context of determining the results of innovation from a position of systematic functioning and certainty by signs of innovation is in-depth.

It is known that a professional artist can enter the structure of any already created painting style, simulate it, or even independently create in it. Today, a painter can, for example, paint an impressionist, fauvist, cubist, etc., composition. The question that arises, however, is what does he have to know, understand, and master so that an existing painting style can “come to life” in a concrete painting? And, of course: what actually is the “existence” of style, as it appears to have already existed before a work of art, while on the other hand it does not factually reveal itself until the painting is realized? The hypothesis that the author will be defending on these pages is that painting artworks as “systems of organized perceptions” and painting styles as their generative matrices have an axiomatic nature and organization, that in their formalsemantic complexity they behave as specific axiomatic systems.

The development of the methodology is one of the principal problems of the humanities. There are two solutions: the endogenous development of methods within each science by increasing the existing methodological base; and the exogenous development by making use of methods, techniques, algorithms of research from other sciences. The paper focuses on the development of the economic science methodology through utilization of the axiomatic method used in mathematics. The main idea is to expand the application scope of the method by going beyond the borders of natural sciences, mathematics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, etc. to adapt it to the active application in the field of the humanities. Using the axiomatic method in the economic theory may expose a number of relationships between previously unrelated subjects and justify new theories, hypotheses, and concepts.

The article deals with the problem of the dispersion of ordinal variables. At first, it specifies the very concept of dispersion for this type of scale. Then some of the most known measures that fit to the concept of ordinal variation are recalled. They are constructed with two different types of statistical models: using loss functions and using distance functions. Finally, a new approach, which is the use of an axiomatic method for the construction of a dispersion measure, is proposed. Some relations and comparisons between different measures and between different approaches are shown.