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Background: This study aims to investigate the awareness rate of six common geriatric syndromes and related influencing factors among the older adults aged 65 and above in China. Methods: This is a multicenter cross-sectional study involving 6,653 participants aged 65 and older from four regions who completed a questionnaire on geriatric syndrome awareness. The questionnaire covered demographic data, health information, medication usage, and an assessment scale for knowledge of six geriatric syndromes (GS Awareness Scale). Results: A total of 6,653 respondents were surveyed, with 5,318 valid questionnaires collected (79.93%), including 1,311 from Zhejiang (24.7%), 1,356 from Beijing (25.5%), 1,373 from Sichuan (25.8%), and 1,278 from Fujian (24.0%). The highest awareness was for falls, with 3,295 individuals (62.0%), followed by dementia with 2,929 individuals (55.1%), malnutrition with 2,907 individuals (54.7%), frailty with 2,156 individuals (40.5%), urinary incontinence with 2,006 individuals (37.7%), and sarcopenia with 1,914 individuals (36.0%). Univariate analysis showed that factors such as region, age, marital status, living situation, educational level, source of respondents, income status, and smoking had statistically significant differences in awareness rates (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression results indicated that the source of respondents significantly affected the awareness rates (P < 0.05), with the older adults from rural areas having an increased risk of lower awareness compared to urban areas; age also significantly influenced the awareness rates (P < 0.05), with older age groups (76–85, 86–95 years) having a higher risk of reduced awareness compared to those aged 65–75 years. Conclusions: The awareness of common geriatric syndromes among the older adults population aged 65 years and older in China is notably low. Consequently, there exists a critical need to enhance the formulation of policies regarding geriatric syndromes across various regions, aiming to elevate health literacy among this demographic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the knowledge of monkeypox among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Central Jiangsu Province in 2023, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of monkeypox in this population. Methods The monkeypox questionnaire designed by Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention was used to investigate HIV Voluntary Counseling & Testing (VCT) clinic and social organizations in central Jiangsu Province. Excel 2010 and SPSS19. 0 software were used to organize and analyze the data. Also, univariate and multivariate Logistic regressions were used to analyze the factors affecting the awareness rate of monkeypox knowledge, χ² test was used to compare the difference of concern degree of monkeypox among people with different characteristics. Results A total of 1 290 valid questionnaires were collected. The majority were aged from 26 to 50 years, accounting for 65.04% (839/1 290). The majority of the students were college students, bachelor students or above, accounting for 64.26% (829/1 290). The awareness rate of monkeypox was 26. 12%, and the complete awareness rate was 15.27%. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the related factors with higher awareness rate of monkeypox included Taizhou (OR = 6. 710, 95% CI: 4. 309 - 10.447), high school/technical school (OR =2.461, 95% CI: L 270 - 4.769), college (OR = 2. 515, 95% CI: L 311 - 4. 825), bachelor, s degree or above (OR = 2.253, 95% CZ: 1. 184 -4.288), concerned about monkeypox epidemic and related situation (OR = 1. 684, 95% Cl: 1, 188 - 2. 387) (all P < 0. 05). The correct rates of monkeypox symptoms, preventive measures and transmission routes were 30. 78%, 42. 25% and 27. 75%, respectively. 1 186 people (91. 94%) paid attention to monkeypox epidemic and prevention knowledge from WeChat, Weibo and other network new media. MSM with different regions (χ² = 65. 348, P < 0. 001), age groups (χ²= 19. 422, P = 0. 001), educational levels (χ² = 31. 447, P < 0. 001), marital status = 11. 162, P = 0. 025), results of the latest HIV test (χ² = 37. 793, P < 0. 001), sexual orientations (χ² = 39. 441, P < 0. 001), whether they had sexual contact with the same sex in the last 6 months = 29. 329, P < 0. 001), and whether they had sexual contact with overseas personnel (χ² = 29. 199, P < 0. 001), paid different attention to monkeypox information, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion The awareness rate of MSM monkeypox knowledge in central Jiangsu Province is low, and the accuracy rate of monkeypox symptoms, transmission routes and prevention and control measures are low. Therefore, it is necessary to publicize monkeypox symptoms and transmission routes through new media such as WeChat, Weibo, Douyin and Baidu in the later stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background This study aims to investigate the awareness rate of six common geriatric syndromes and related influencing factors among the older adults aged 65 and above in China. Methods This is a multicenter cross-sectional study involving 6,653 participants aged 65 and older from four regions who completed a questionnaire on geriatric syndrome awareness. The questionnaire covered demographic data, health information, medication usage, and an assessment scale for knowledge of six geriatric syndromes (GS Awareness Scale). Results A total of 6,653 respondents were surveyed, with 5,318 valid questionnaires collected (79.93%), including 1,311 from Zhejiang (24.7%), 1,356 from Beijing (25.5%), 1,373 from Sichuan (25.8%), and 1,278 from Fujian (24.0%). The highest awareness was for falls, with 3,295 individuals (62.0%), followed by dementia with 2,929 individuals (55.1%), malnutrition with 2,907 individuals (54.7%), frailty with 2,156 individuals (40.5%), urinary incontinence with 2,006 individuals (37.7%), and sarcopenia with 1,914 individuals (36.0%). Univariate analysis showed that factors such as region, age, marital status, living situation, educational level, source of respondents, income status, and smoking had statistically significant differences in awareness rates (P

ObjectiveTo understand the level of professional knowledge of hepatitis C prevention and control among practicing clinicians in Jiangxi province, and to provide a reference for targeted training and development of in-hospital hepatitis C case screening and management policies. MethodsUsing stratified cluster sampling and the questionnaire of the "National Implementation Plan for Hepatitis C Knowledge Awareness Rate Survey" developed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, we conducted an on-site anonymous survey of 752 practicing clinicians aged 21 – 60 years in 10 hospitals in 5 counties and districts of Jiangxi province from August 2021 to May 2022. Participants who correctly answered 12 out of 16 questions on hepatitis C detection, diagnosis, and treatment from the questionnaire were classified as having professional knowledge of hepatitis C prevention and control. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the associated factors influencing hepatitis C awareness among clinicians. ResultsAmong 751 participants with valid responses, 17.0% were assessed as having professional knowledge of hepatitis C prevention and control, with lower proportions of participants correctly answering "diagnostic classification of hepatitis C cases" (7.0%), "diagnostic basis for clinical diagnosis of hepatitis C cases" (7.0%), and "correct practices after diagnosis of hepatitis C cases" (33.9%). Compared with surgeons, clinicians working in infectious disease departments (odds ratio [OR] = 8.308, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 3.746 – 18.427) and internal medicine departments (OR = 1.855, 95%CI: 1.011 – 3.406) were more likely to have higher awareness of professional knowledge. Compared to those with a bachelor′s degree, clinicians with a master's degree or higher were more likely to have a higher awareness of professional knowledge (OR = 1.750, 95%CI: 1.157 – 2.647). ConclusionsThe awareness level of professional knowledge on hepatitis C prevention and control is low and mainly influenced by work department and education among practicing clinicians in Jiangxi province.

ObjectiveTo understand the awareness of hepatitis E knowledge and its influencing factors among pregnant women in Jiaxing city, Zhejiang province, and to provide evidence for the development of community hepatitis E prevention and control strategies. MethodsUsing random cluster sampling and a self-developed questionnaire, we conducted an anonymous on-site survey among 2 512 pregnant women undergoing physical examinations in 8 city- or county-level maternal and child health hospitals in Jiangxi province in April 2023. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the awareness of hepatitis E knowledge and its influencing factors among the pregnant women. ResultsOf the 2 495 participants (99.32% of women surveyed) with valid responses, 809 (32.42%) were considered knowledgeable about hepatitis E (correctly answering 7 of 12 hepatitis E knowledge questions). Knowledge of hepatitis E varied significantly among participants with different regions of household registration, weeks of pregnancy, occupations, education levels, and annual household income (P < 0.05 for all). Binary multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with those with local household registration, pregnant women with non-local household registration were less likely to be aware of hepatitis E knowledge (odds ratio [OR] = 0.552, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.445 – 0.684); compared with those in early pregnancy, pregnant women in late pregnancy were less likely to be aware of hepatitis E knowledge (OR = 0.598, 95%CI: 0.476 – 0.752); compared with those who were civil servants or worked in public institutions, the participants who were medical personnel were more likely to be aware of hepatitis E knowledge (OR = 4.460, 95%CI: 2.663 – 7.469), while the participants who were workers (OR = 0.643, 95%CI: 0.422 – 0.980) and unemployed/self-employed (OR = 0.578, 95%CI: 0.431 – 0.776) were less likely to be aware of the knowledge; compared to those with a junior college education and below, participants with a bachelor′s degree and above were more likely to be aware of hepatitis E knowledge (OR = 2.052, 95%CI: 1.648 – 2.555). ConclusionThe awareness of hepatitis E knowledge among pregnant women in Jiaxing city is low, especially among the pregnant women with non-local household registration, in late pregnancy, with an education level of junior college and below, being workers and and unemployed/self-employed; the results suggest that interventions on publicity of hepatitis E knowledge should be promoted among targeted populations.

Objective To understand the awareness of core knowledge of Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases among multi-ethnic residents in Shimian County, a minority-concentrated area in southern Sichuan, and its influencing factors, and to provide strategic suggestions for Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases prevention and treatment. Methods A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of 4 160 permanent residents aged 18 and above in Shimian County from May to November 2022. The scores and awareness rates of the core knowledge of Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases among Han and minority residents were calculated separately. A multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the knowledge and awareness of the core Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases among residents of different ethnic groups and their influencing factors. Results The median score for the core knowledge of chronic diseases among the residents of Shimian County was 40 points. Among them, the median score for the core knowledge of chronic diseases among Han residents was 50 points, which was higher than the median score of 40 for ethnic minorities (Z = -3.905, P <0.001). The awareness rate of core knowledge of chronic diseases among the residents of Shimian County was 36.7%, and the awareness rate among Han residents (38.1 %) was higher than that of ethnic minorities (31.6%) (χ² = 12.544, P < 0.001). Both Han and ethnic minority residents had the highest correct answer rate for social responsibility for chronic disease prevention and control (Han: 68.89%; ethnic minorities: 67.67%), and the lowest correct answer rate for knowledge about cardiovascular disease prevention (Han; 18.60%; ethnic minorities: 19.47%). The results of multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that regardless of Han or ethnic minorities, having a bachelor' s degree or above (Han; OR = 3. 77, 95% CI: l.99-4.32; ethnic minorities: OR = 9. 98, 95%CI :5. 61-17.72) and sufficient physical activity (Han: OR = 2.30, 95% CI : 1.97-2.69; ethnic minorities: OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.36-2.62) were promoting factors for the awareness of core knowledge of chronic diseases, while engaging in non-physical labor(Han: OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.54-0.73; ethnic minorities: OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.33-0.64) was a hindrance factor for the awareness of core knowledge of chronic diseases, and being middle-aged and elderly was a hindrance factor for the awareness of core knowledge of chronic diseases among Han residents (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60-0.98). Conclusion The awareness level of core knowledge of chronic diseases among residents of all ethnic groups in Shimian County needs further improvement. Regardless of whether they are Han or ethnic minorities, with low educational levels, engaged in non-physical labor, and lacking physical activity, they should be the key populations for health education on core knowledge of Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rui Jing,1 Hui Dong,1 Kun Huang,2 Zhong Liu,1 Ran Xue,1 Yiran Dong,1 Mei Jiao,3 Na Li,4 Yumei Guo,5 Yun Liu,6 Wenqian Zhang,1 Hongyun Sun1 1Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 2Tuberculosis Control Division, Licheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS Prevention and Control, Lixia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 4Tuberculosis and Vector Control Division, Shizhong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Infectious Diseases and Endemic Disease Control, Huaiyin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 6AIDS Prevention and Control Department, Tianqiao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Wenqian Zhang; Hongyun Sun, Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 0531-81278897 ; +86 0531 81278873, Email wqzh618@gmail.com; jncdcxxtb@jn.shandong.cnPurpose: This study aimed to investigate awareness of tuberculosis control among post-treatment tuberculosis patients, in order to provide a basis for future preventive and control work in this population.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on post-treatment patients with tuberculosis in seven districts of Jinan City between July 2021 and December 2022. A face-to-face or telephone interviews using structured questionnaires for the research subjects were conducted by data collectors. Analyses were carried out first for all subjects, and then separately for male and female subjects.Results: A total of 837 valid questionnaires were collected, of which 495 were males and 342 were females. The awareness rate of the core TB knowledge was 82.46%. The ≥ 65 year group in the total group (OR=0.43, 95% CI: (0.28, 0.68)), male (OR=0.47, 95% CI: (0.27, 0.83)) and female group (OR=0.40, 95% CI: (0.19, 0.86)) was lower than that of the control group. Educational level and monthly income are the main factors of TB cognition in total group. People with university or higher education (OR=2.05, 95% CI: (1.38, 3.05)) and with a monthly income of ≥ 6,000 (OR=1.89, 95% CI: (1.10, 3.25)) had a higher awareness rate. The group with current residence in the city was more aware than the reference group.Conclusion: In the future, the communication of the main transmission route, suspicious symptoms, and cure of TB needs to be strengthened for the post-treatment TB patients. The elderly, those with secondary school education or below, agricultural workers and low-income people are the groups with weak knowledge of TB, and they are also the groups that need to be focused on health education. The above information should be focused on the above groups of people in order to educate them in a way that is easily acceptable to them.Keywords: pulmonary tuberculosis, awareness rate, completed treatment patients, layered analysis

ObjectiveTo understand the awareness of knowledge about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） and influencing factors among residents in Yangpu District， Shanghai.MethodsWe used cluster random sampling method to conduct face-to-face questionnaire surveys on selected household residents in 12 streets of Yangpu District. The survey questions included their understanding of COPD name， lung function test， and COPD related knowledge. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of awareness rate.ResultsA total of 1 440 people were ultimately included in the analysis， and the awareness rates of COPD name， lung function test， and COPD awareness were 19.93%， 18.61%， and 14.95%， respectively. Among the people who knew the name of COPD， awareness rate of shortness of breath or dyspnea was the highest （84.12%） in the three main symptoms of COPD. Among the main risk factors of COPD， second-hand smoke（86.78%）and smoking （85.82%） were the highest. The main ways to obtain knowledge of COPD names were through television （12.60%） and the internet （11.97%）. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that men were significantly higher than women in the awareness of COPD name， lung function test， and COPD knowledge， with the OR values of （OR=1.39， 95%CI：1.08‒1.79）， （OR=1.47，95%CI：1.12‒1.92） and （OR=1.37，95%CI：1.02‒1.84）， respectively. The awareness rate of COPD names and lung function tests was the highest among people aged ≥ 65 years old， while the awareness rate of COPD knowledge was the highest among people aged 35‒50 years old. The awareness rate of COPD names was the highest among people with college education or above， civil servants， teachers， and medical staff， people with an annual household income of 100 000‒200 000 yuan.ConclusionThe overall awareness rate of COPD names， lung function tests， and COPD related knowledge among residents in Yangpu District is still at a low level. We should intensify the promotion and education of COPD among key groups such as women， young people， and those with low income， in order to improve the overall awareness rate of COPD among the population.

ObjectiveTo examine the status quo and influencing factors of nutrition and health knowledge among permanent residents aged 18 – 64 years in Hunan province in 2021. MethodsThe participants of the study were 4 351 permanent residents aged 18 – 64 years in 13 districts/counties of Hunan province. An on-site survey was conducted among the participants using a questionnaire designed for a national surveillance on nutrition and health knowledge in Chinese residents aged 18 – 64 years during April – May 2021. A participant′s awareness on nutrition and health knowledge was assessed according to the total scaled score ( ≥ 75 out of the full score of 100) for the questionnaire′s 20 items on dietary guidelines, food characteristics, nutrition and diseases, food choices, and food safety. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 22.0. ResultsThe mean score of nutrition and health knowledge questionnaire was 62.2 ± 12.4 for the 4 010 participants with eligible responses and 15.0% of the participants were assessed as having the awareness on nutrition and health knowledge. Of the participants, 77.4% reported obtaining nutrition and health knowledge through using mobile applications such as Wechat/MicroBlog/Tiktok/Kuaishou, followed by 53.5% and 43.4% reported obtaining the knowledge from television/radio programs and the communication with family members/relatives/friends. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the participants with following characteristics were more likely to have the awareness on nutrition and health knowledge: being female ( versus male: OR = 1.319, 95%CI: 1.097 – 1.585), living in urban regions (versus living in rural regions: OR = 1.266, 95%CI: 1.044 – 1.536), with the education higher than primary school and below (junior middle school: OR = 2.257, 95%CI: 1.433 – 3.553; senior high school/technical secondary school/technical school education: OR = 3.916, 95%CI: 2.452 – 6.255; junior college/vocational college: OR = 7.859, 95%CI: 4.813 – 12.830; bachelor degree: OR = 11.943, 95%CI = 7.105 – 20.075; master degree or above: OR = 12.813, 95%CI: 3.929 – 41.788), and working in medical institutions (versus in other work units: OR = 1.849, 95%CI: 1.397 – 2.447) . ConclusionThe awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge needs to be improved and the awareness is mainly influenced by gender, place of residence, education level and work unit among 18 – 64 years old residents in Hunan province.

BackgroundExcessive intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is harmful to health. In recent decades, the consumption of SSBs by Chinese residents has increased rapidly, increasing the risk of death and burden of disease. ObjectiveTo analyze the knowledge level and influencing factors of SSBs for Chinese residents aged 18-64 years in 2021. MethodsA multi-stage cluster random sampling approach was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among residents aged 18-64 years in 302 survey sites across the country in 2021, and 98567 valid questionnaires were obtained. Four questions are about SSBs among the questionnaire's 5 dimensions. Respondents who answered 3 or more questions correctly were considered to have a basic understanding of SSBs. Frequency and weighted proportion were used for description. With individual as level 1 and resident council (village council) as level 2, a two-level logistic regression model was applied to examine the influencing factors. A null model was used to determine whether the two-level logistic regression model was appropriate. ResultsThe knowledge awareness rate of SSBs was 57.0% among the Chinese residents aged 18-64 years in 2021. The knowledge point with the lowest correct rate was "It is best to consume no more than 25 grams of added sugar per day" (22.6%), while the one with the highest correct rate was "Excessive intake of SSBs can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes" (81.1%). The results of the null model showed that SSBs knowledge level had a clustering effect at resident council (village council) level (t=25.00, P

Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment among adult residents in Sichuan Province in 2022, to provide basis for tumor prevention and treatment in Sichuan Province. Methods By using the method of network convenient sampling, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 35 586 permanent residents aged 18 and above in Sichuan Province. The 於 test was used to compare the differences of cancer prevention and treatment knowledge among subjects with different characteristics, and multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of cancer prevention and treatment knowledge. The test level was a = 0,05. Results The overall awareness rate of core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment among adult residents in Sichuan Province was 77.54%. Female (78.38%), age of 25 to 44 years (78,42%), bachelor degree or above (82.86%), married (78.12%), working in government institutions (81.59%), urban household registration (80.92%), family population of 1 to 3 persons (78.54%), family history of cancer (80.07%), non-smoking (78.26%), and those with better self-rated health status (79.90%) had higher awareness rate (all P < 0.001). The results of multiple linear regression model analysis showed that gender, age, education, occupation, household registration type, family history of tumor and self-assessed health status were all influencing factors of residentsknowledge, Concluaon The overall awareness of the core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment of adult residents in Sichuan Province is good, and it is still necessary to strengthen the popularization of cancer rehabilitation related knowledge and strengthen the science popularization of cancer prevention and treatment in key population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundCollege students, especially those in the lower grades, constitute the main high-risk population for tuberculosis (TB). Insufficient knowledge about TB among college students contributes to an increased risk of TB infection. In Zhejiang Province, China, limited research has been conducted recently on the awareness of TB in schools among college students. Therefore, this study aims to gain insight into TB knowledge among low-grade college students in Zhejiang Province and develop effective strategies for TB education targeted at this specific population.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted between 1st and 20th May 2022 in 20 colleges in Zhejiang Province, southeastern China. The survey aimed to assess the level of TB awareness among 1st and 2nd-year college students. Chi-square tests were performed to compare the rates, while multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors influencing the overall awareness level of students' regarding key knowledge about TB.ResultsA total of 4,414 lower-grade students participated in the study. The total awareness rate and entire awareness rate of key TB knowledge were 81.6 and 25.3%, respectively. Participants who demonstrated a relatively poor understanding of the definition were (51.0%), curable outcomes (75.7%), and preventive measures of TB (76.1%). Female participants [adjusted odds ratio (aOR):1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.25–1.65], medical students (aOR:2.00; 95%CI:1.63–2.64), had a high level of monthly expenditures (aOR:2.50; 95%CI:1.49–4.19), had prior TB health education (aOR:1.95; 95%CI:1.68–2.25) and previous exposure to TB patients (aOR:2.13; 95% CI:1.48–3.08) indicating a better level of awareness of key knowledge about TB. Among the students, 58.5% expressed their willingness to acquire TB knowledge through “broadcasting, television, films, and audiovisual materials.”ConclusionsThe total awareness rate of key knowledge among low-grade college students in Zhejiang did not meet the national requirements. To effectively prevent TB in schools, it is crucial to develop a comprehensive understanding of the disease among college students. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance TB awareness through theoretical and practical education, starting from the early semesters of college.

Women aged 18–49 years are women of childbearing age. Their nutrition knowledge (NK) is not only related to their physical health but also affects the diet quality of the entire family and the health status of the next generation. Studies that assess the NK level of women of childbearing age using representative data in China are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the NK level of Chinese women aged 18–49 years and explore influencing factors at both the individual and provincial levels. Data were from the Chinese Nutrition and Health Knowledge Survey 2021. A total of 38,065 females aged 18–49 years were included in the analysis. A face-to-face validated standard questionnaire was used to collect NK from respondents. The full score of the questionnaire was 100. Respondents who scored higher than 75 were considered to have NK. The Rao-Scott chi-square test was used to compare the differences in the NK awareness rate between or among the subgroups. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to explore influencing factors at the individual and provincial levels. All analyses accounted for complex sample design including clustering, stratification, and sample weights. The mean score of NK among Chinese women aged 18–49 years was 65.1 ± 11.8, and the awareness rate was 20.9% (95% CI: 19.6−22.3%). Among the five dimensions, the awareness rate of food safety was the highest (74.0%, 95% CI: 72.8−75.3%), and the dietary recommendation was the lowest (16.4%, 95% CI: 15.3−17.5%). The two-level logistic regression model analysis revealed that at the individual level, age, education level, occupation, chronic disease status and residence were the main influencing factors of the NK level. At the provincial level, the region and the female illiteracy rate were associated with the NK level. Dependent children ratio, per capita income, and health expenditure were not significantly associated with the NK level. The model accounted for 58.8% of the variance in the NK level. The NK level of Chinese women aged 18–49 years was low. Knowledge of dietary recommendations was weakest. Both individual and provincial-level factors were associated with the NK level. There is an urgent need to strengthen nutrition education actions for enhancing the NK of reproductive-age women effectively to improve their dietary behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 调查邯郸市居民心脑血管病危险因素的流行现状，并分析高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率的影响因素。 方法 本研究采用非随机整群抽样的方法，于2019年6-9月对邯郸市7个社区中≥40岁的居民开展横断面调查，对居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查，分析当地居民心脑血管疾病危险因素的分布情况，并分析高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率的影响因素。 结果 本研究共纳入3933例调查对象，其中吸烟、缺乏运动、不合理膳食、超重或肥胖、单独居住、卒中家族史、冠心病家族史、高血压家族史、服用降压药物、服用降糖药物、服用调脂药物、高血压、高血脂、糖尿病调查对象分别为982例（24.97%）、528例（13.42%）、1794例（45.61%）、2621例（66.64%）、244例（6.20%）、760例（19.32%）、647例（16.45%）、1362例（34.63%）、730例（18.56%）、105例（2.67%）、147例（3.74%）、1698例（43.17%）、1265例（32.16%）、682例（17.34%）。1698例高血压患者对高血压的知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为66.96%（1137例）、42.99%（730例）、14.96%（254例），其中女性的知晓率、治疗率和控制率均高于男性（均P

Introduction Tobacco smoke contains a large number of harmful substances and carcinogens. Smoking and secondhand smoke cause a variety of cancers and diseases, seriously endangering human health. However, the status and characteristics of the awareness of hazards due to tobacco among people aged ≥15 years in Chongqing, China, are still unknown. Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select ten districts and counties in Chongqing, China, and a total of 6622 people were investigated between August and October 2020. The chi-squared test was used to analyze the awareness of hazards due to tobacco in various populations after the data had been cleaned and weighted. Results In 2020, the awareness rates of people aged ≥15 years in Chongqing, China, about a specific disease caused by smoking were lung cancer (77.1%), heart disease (45.1%), stroke (40.1%), and penile erectile dysfunction (24.2%). However, only 22.1% of the respondents knew that smoking could simultaneously lead to all four diseases mentioned above. Adult lung cancer was the disease with the highest awareness rating (72.5%), followed by children’s lung disease (54.2%) and adult heart disease (46.1%). A total of 42.0% of respondents knew that secondhand smoke could cause the three diseases simultaneously. Only 22.0% of those correctly understood the harm of low-tar cigarettes. The logistic regression results showed that education level and occupation were risk factors for lack of awareness of hazards due to tobacco. In contrast, media campaigns on tobacco control were a protective factor. Conclusions The awareness of hazards due to tobacco among people aged ≥15 years in Chongqing, China, still needs to be improved. More graphic health warning labels and mass media campaigns about the hazards of tobacco should be carried out to raise people’s awareness and warn about the health risks of smoking.

With the development of society and economy and the acceleration of population aging and urbanization, the prevalence of hypertension in China is gradually increasing, and the growth is more obvious in rural areas. The rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Chinese adults have not reached a satisfactory status despite recent improvements. The number of Chinese people suffering from hypertension is 245 million, and that of those with high normal blood pressure keeps growing, imposing a growing financial burden on residents and society. Hypertension has become a major public health problem, so it is urgent to strengthen the government-led prevention and control of hypertension.

BackgroundResearchers have conducted a considerable number of epidemiological studies on dyslipidemia in China over recent years. Nevertheless, a representative study to comprehensively appraise for the epidemiological status of dyslipidemia is still lacked. This meta-analysis is intended to explore the pooled prevalence, rates of awareness, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia among adults in Chinese Mainland.Materials and methodsA systematic review was performed on relevant cross-sectional studies published since January 2012 by searching six authoritative literature databases. Meta-analyses were conducted in included studies based on a random-effect model to summarize the epidemiological status of dyslipidemia in China. A potential source of heterogeneity was detected by subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's test and funnel plots. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the study quality's influence on the pooled estimate of prevalence and rates of awareness, treatment, and control.ResultsForty-one original researches with a total of 1,310,402 Chinese participants were finally included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence, rates of awareness, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia were 42.1%, 18.2%, 11.6%, and 5.4%, respectively. With a pooled prevalence estimate at 24.5%, low HDL-C was the most prevalent among various dyslipidemia types, followed by hypertriglyceridemia (TG) (15.4%), hypercholesterolemia (TC) (8.3%), and high LDL-C (7.1%). The pooled prevalence of elevated serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] was 19.4%. By gender, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 47.3% in males and 38.8% in females. Subgroup analyses revealed that the prevalence in southern and urban areas were higher than their counterparts. Females and population in urban areas tended to possess higher rates of awareness, treatment, and control. Meta-regression analyses suggested that the year of screening influenced prevalence estimates for dyslipidemia. The impact of the study's quality on the pooled estimates is insignificant.ConclusionOur study suggested a severe epidemic situation of dyslipidemia among adults in Chinese Mainland. More importantly, the awareness, treatment, and control rates were extremely low, revealing that dyslipidemia is a grave health issue. Consequently, we should attach more importance to the management of dyslipidemia, especially in economically underdeveloped areas.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO [CRD42022366456].

Objective To investigate the cognition of medical waste management of microbiological laboratory personnel in health institutions in Ezhou, Hubei Province, so as to provide basis for standardizing the management of medical waste in Ezhou microbiological laboratory.Methods In November, 2021,a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 350 microbiological laboratory personnel from secondary and above medical institutions, Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),township health centers, blood collection and supply institutions and other health institutions in Ezhou, Hubei Province as the survey objects.A unified questionnaire was designed to conduct the survey, and then the survey results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software.Results The total awareness rate of medical waste management knowledge of 350 microbiological laboratory personnel was 80.99% (5 669/7 000) .The awareness rate of general knowledge [90.91% (3 182/3 500) ] was significantly higher than that of protection knowledge [71.06% (2 487/3 500) ],and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) .The awareness rate of microbiological laboratory personnel with bachelor degree or above, long working years, senior professional and technical positions, CDC and blood supply institutions increased significantly, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) .Conclusion The awareness rate of medical waste management knowledge among microbiology laboratory personnel in health institutions in Ezhou, Hubei Province is good, but the training and learning of microbiological laboratory personnel with low educational background, short working years, low-level professional and technical positions and township health centers should be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoke contains a large number of harmful substances and carcinogens. Smoking and secondhand smoke cause a variety of cancers and diseases, seriously endangering human health. However, the status and characteristics of the awareness of hazards due to tobacco among people aged ≥15 years in Chongqing, China, are still unknown. METHODS A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select ten districts and counties in Chongqing Municipality, China and a total of 6622 people were investigated between August and October 2020. The chi-squared test was used to analyze the awareness of hazards due to tobacco in various populations after the data had been cleaned and weighted. RESULTS In 2020, the awareness rates of people aged ≥15 years in Chongqing, China, about a specific disease caused by smoking were lung cancer (77.1%), heart disease (45.1%), stroke (40.1%), and penile erectile dysfunction (24.2%). However, only 22.1% of the respondents knew that smoking could simultaneously lead to all four diseases mentioned above. Adult lung cancer was the disease with the highest awareness rating (72.5%), followed by children's lung disease (54.2%) and adult heart disease (46.1%). A total of 42.0% of respondents knew that secondhand smoke could cause the three diseases simultaneously. Only 22.0% of those correctly understood the harm of low-tar cigarettes. The logistic regression results showed that education level and occupation were risk factors for lack of awareness of hazards due to tobacco. In contrast, media campaigns on tobacco control were a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS The awareness of hazards due to tobacco among people aged ≥15 years in Chongqing, China, still needs to be improved. More graphic health warning labels and mass media campaigns about the hazards of tobacco should be carried out to raise people's awareness and warn about the health risks of smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo determine the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of hypertension in residents in Songjiang District of Shanghai， and provide evidence for prevention and control of hypertension.MethodsLocal residents aged between 20 and 74 years were recruited from four towns in Songjiang District from 2016 to 2017 by using a multistage sampling strategy. Questionnaire surveys were conducted， and then physical examination， blood pressure measurement， glucose test and lipid test were performed. The data was analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in the prevalence of hypertension in residents， stratified by demographics and health conditions. Risk factors were determined by multivariate logistic regression.ResultsAmong 35 759 residents with a median age of 58 years and the proportion of male being 40.67%， crude prevalence of hypertension was 54.24% （19 395/35 759） and standardized prevalence was 31.69%. In the hypertensive patients， proportion of hypertension awareness was 61.09%， with 63.67% in male and 59.10% in female. Proportion of receiving treatment was 49.00%， with 50.91% in male and 47.51% in female. Furthermore， in the hypertensive patients with treatment， proportion of effectively controlling hypertension was 40.50%， with 44.46% in male and 37.21% in female. Multivariate logistic regression showed that male （OR=1.272）， senior age （40‒59 years old： OR=4.353， 60‒74 years old： OR=9.802）， overweight （OR=1.823）， obesity （OR=3.070）， central obesity （OR=1.380）， diabetes （OR=1.923）， dyslipidemia （OR=1.452）， and drinking （OR=1.338） were risk factors associated with hypertension.ConclusionPrevalence of hypertension is high， while the proportions of receiving treatment and effective control remain low in residents in Songjiang District. It warrants strengthening prevention and control of hypertension in targeted and young residents.

ObjectiveTo investigate the awareness on the knowledge about hematopoietic stem cell donation among the registered volunteers for improving volunteer recruitment and promoting donation willingness in the volunteers.MethodsUsing cluster sampling, we conducted a self-administered survey among 2 361 volunteers with oral swab-based registration in Shanghai Marrow Donor Program during 2017. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect participants′ information on the situation and acquisition of knowledge about hematopoietic stem cell donation and related factors.ResultsFor the 2 240 participants with valid responses, the mean score for knowledge about hematopoietic stem cell donation was 3.94 ± 1.951 to a maximum score of 7, indicating a relatively low level. The results of multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that significant influencing factors for the knowledge status included academic background, blood donation experience, voluntary service experience, with relatives or friends ever registered in donation programs, ever having discussion on organ transplantation with family members, value judgment on donation behavior, and the pattern of registration in the donor program (P < 0.05 for all). The participant-reported main ways of acquiring knowledge on hematopoietic stem cell donation were internet media, television program, and on-site publicity campaign.ConclusionThe level of knowledge about hematopoietic stem cell donation is relatively low among registered donation volunteers, indicating that comprehensive and continuous supporting measures are needed to effective operation of the marrow donation program.

Mohammed Jeraiby Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Mohammed JeraibyDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 2349, Jazan, 82621, Saudi ArabiaTel +966544589494Email mojer2011@hotmail.com; mmojer@jazanu.edu.saBackground: Pregnancies in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes for mothers and their infants.Objective: To assess the awareness of preconception care among women with T1DM and their self-management status in the southern region of Saudi Arabia.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study that was done on 187 women participated of childbearing age with T1DM who were seen in diabetic centers between June 2019 and September 2020. Pre-pregnancy care and disease management were assessed via a questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of preconception awareness of diabetes management was 66.9%. Several factors significantly influenced the level of awareness, including education level (P= 0.001) and HbA1c (P= 0.014). In multivariate analysis, the lower educational level turns out to be a significant risk factor for low awareness (OR = 3.71, 95% CI [1.65, 8.31], P= 0.001). Additionally, compared to controlled DM, uncontrolled diabetes had a twofold increased risk of low awareness (OR = 2.03, 95% CI [1.08, 3.81], P= 0.027).Conclusion: The awareness level was significantly correlated with a high educational level and better glycemic control. Meanwhile, it was not significantly correlated with diabetes duration.Keywords: T1DM, preconception care, awareness rate, women of childbearing age and self monitoring blood glucose

目的 了解神经病学专业硕士研究生对睡眠专业知识的掌握现状,探讨在带教过程中的知识传播重点。 方法 对首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院2021年在读的神经病学硕士研究生50人，开展轮转睡眠中心前后的睡眠医学知识问卷调查并比较轮转前后的差异。 结果 神经病学硕士研究生在轮转睡眠中心前对失眠的非药物治疗方式、评估方法、指南等专业知识的知晓率较低，其中对经颅直流电刺激治疗失眠、睡眠时间与卒中风险的曲线关系这两方面知晓程度最低，分别为2%和10%。经过1个月的轮转学习后，研究生对睡眠障碍专业知识的知晓程度显著提升，与轮转前相比，除音乐和芳香疗法的知晓程度差异未达到统计学意义外，其他知识点的知晓率差异均有统计学意义。 结论 神经病学专业硕士研究生对睡眠专业知识的知晓率偏低，短期的临床教学即可弥补其睡眠医学知识短板。 Abstract: Objective To understand the current status of neurology graduate students on sleep medicine knowledge, and to discuss the critical teaching knowledge in clinical teaching. Methods A questionnaire survey on sleep medicine was conducted on 50 neurology graduate students in Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Medical University in 2022 before and after their rotation to the Sleep Center. The differences in sleep medicine knowledge between before and after their rotation were compared. Results The awareness rates of non-drug treatments evaluation methods, and guidelines of insomnia for neurology graduate students were relatively low before rotation, with the lowest rates of transcranial direct current stimulation for insomnia at 2% and the curvilinear relationship between sleep duration and stroke risk at 10%. After the 1-month rotation, the degree of mastering the knowledge of sleep disorders for neurology graduate students were significantly improved. The differences in awareness rates of the other knowledge except for music and aromatherapy between before and after the rotation were statistically significant. Conclusions The awareness rate of professional knowledge of sleep medicine among graduate students in neurology was low. Short-term clinical teaching can make up for the deficiency of sleep medicine knowledge.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant long-term complication of diabetes and is a primary contributor to end-stage kidney disease., Objective: This study aimed to report comprehensive nationwide data on the prevalence, screening, and awareness rates of CKD in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, along with associated risk factors., Methods: Baseline data analysis of the ongoing prospective, observational IMPROVE study was conducted. The study cohort comprised patients who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes more than 12 months prior, received at least 1 hypoglycemic medication, and were aged ≥18 years. The participants completed questionnaires and underwent laboratory assessments, including blood and urine samples. The data encompassed patient demographics, medical history, concurrent medications, and comorbidities. Comprehensive evaluations involved physical examinations, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ), fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, fasting blood lipid profile, and urinalysis. Descriptive statistics were applied for data interpretation, and logistic regression analyses were used to identify the CKD-associated risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes., Results: A national study from December 2021 to September 2022 enlisted 9672 participants with type 2 diabetes from 45 hospitals that had endocrinology departments. The enrollees were from diverse regions in China, as follows: central (n=1221), east (n=3269), south (n=1474), north (n=2219), and west (n=1489). The prevalence, screening, and awareness rates of CKD among patients with type 2 diabetes were 31% (2997/9672), 27% (810/2997), and 54.8% (5295/9672), respectively. Multivariate binary regression analysis revealed that the CKD risk factors were screening, awareness, smoking, age, diabetes duration, concurrent antihypertensive and microcirculation medications, diabetic complications (foot, retinopathy, and neuropathy), hypertension, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and suboptimal glycemic control. Subgroup analysis highlighted an increased CKD prevalence among older individuals, those with prolonged diabetes durations, and residents of fourth-tier cities. Residents of urban areas that had robust educational and economic development exhibited relatively high awareness and screening rates. Notably, 24.2% (1717/7107) of patients with an eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m 2 had proteinuria, whereas 3.4% (234/6909) who had a UACR <30 mg/g presented with an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . Compared with patients who were cognizant of CKD, those who were unaware of CKD had increased rates of HbA 1c ≥7%, total cholesterol >5.18 μmol/L, LDL cholesterol >3.37 μmol/L, BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 , and hypertension., Conclusions: In a Chinese population of adults with type 2 diabetes, the CKD prevalence was notable, at 31%, coupled with low screening and awareness rates. Multiple risk factors for CKD have been identified., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05047471; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05047471., (©Lixin Shi, Yaoming Xue, Xuefeng Yu, Yangang Wang, Tianpei Hong, Xiaoying Li, Jianhua Ma, Dalong Zhu, Yiming Mu. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org), 30.08.2024.)

Objective: To evaluate the awareness of College Students (CSs) of HPV vaccine in China and provide evidence-based recommendations for HPV vaccine’s publicity and promotion. Methods: Web of Science, PubMed, Science of Direct, EBSCO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data were searched. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to determine pooled estimates of Awareness Rate (AR) for HPV vaccine. Results: Of the 36 studies included, the estimated AR of HPV vaccine was 40.27% (95% CI: 30.86%, 50.06%) among Chinese CSs. The AR of HPV vaccine was stratified by factors as gender, major, area, city, survey time, and sampling method of the study. The pooled AR of HPV vaccine among CSs was as follows: 44.17% (95% CI: 31.65%, 57.09%) and 31.93% (95% CI: 13.25%, 54.30%) for females and males; 44.47% (95% CI: 29.90%, 59.55%) and 12.02% (95% CI: 7.69%, 17.15%) for medical-related and nonmedical majors; 44.47% (95% CI: 28.71–60.82%) and 41.16% (95% CI: 26.48–56.64%) for Eastern and Midwestern region; 48.86% (95% CI: 30.63–67.25%) and 33.19% (95% CI: 22.27–45.12%) for first-tier and second- and third-tier city; 29.67 (95% CI: 11.44–52.16%) and 38.81 (95% CI: 27.14–51.21%) for AR before and after HPV vaccine entered in China; 51.51% (95% CI: 32.21%, 70.53%) and 26.21% (95% CI: 17.41%, 36.10%) for nonrandom and random sampling. Conclusion: This review indicates that awareness of HPV vaccine among CSs remains relatively low in China compared with European countries. Our findings may provide useful information to better understand the HPV vaccine awareness status among Chinese CSs.

Objective To understand the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) knowledge, related attitudes and sexual behaviors of the general population in Chongqing, so as to provide scientific evidence for AIDS prevention strategy. Methods In September 2020, in accordance with the requirements of the survey plan on the public awareness rate of HIV/AIDS in the notification of the final assessment of China′s 13th Five-Year Action Plan for the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS of The State Council AIDS Prevention and Control Office, a total of 600permanent residents aged 15-60in Chongqing were selected by multi-stage sampling, and relevant questionnaires were used to investigate their AIDS knowledge and related attitudes and behaviors. A total of 600questionnaires were collected and 597were valid, with an effective rate of 99. 5%. Results The awareness rate of 597respondents basic knowledge about AIDS was 89. 44% (534/597), and they had a poor grasp of the non-transmission channels of AIDS. The HIV testing rate was 12. 23% (73/597) . Most of the respondents had negative attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. Television was the most important source of knowledge. The protective factors of AIDS-related knowledge were less than 40years old, higher education level, newspapers, books, counseling services (including telephone consultation) and free publicity materials, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05) . There was significant difference in the knowledge of different occupations (P<0. 05) . Conclusion The general population in Chongqing have a poor grasp of non-transmission channels. Discrimination against HIV/AIDS is widespread. The rate of condom use is low. And there exists a separation of HIV/AIDS knowledge and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women aged 18–49 years are women of childbearing age. Their nutrition knowledge (NK) is not only related to their physical health but also affects the diet quality of the entire family and the health status of the next generation. Studies that assess the NK level of women of childbearing age using representative data in China are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the NK level of Chinese women aged 18–49 years and explore influencing factors at both the individual and provincial levels. Data were from the Chinese Nutrition and Health Knowledge Survey 2021. A total of 38,065 females aged 18–49 years were included in the analysis. A face-to-face validated standard questionnaire was used to collect NK from respondents. The full score of the questionnaire was 100. Respondents who scored higher than 75 were considered to have NK. The Rao-Scott chi-square test was used to compare the differences in the NK awareness rate between or among the subgroups. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to explore influencing factors at the individual and provincial levels. All analyses accounted for complex sample design including clustering, stratification, and sample weights. The mean score of NK among Chinese women aged 18–49 years was 65.1 ± 11.8, and the awareness rate was 20.9% (95% CI: 19.6−22.3%). Among the five dimensions, the awareness rate of food safety was the highest (74.0%, 95% CI: 72.8−75.3%), and the dietary recommendation was the lowest (16.4%, 95% CI: 15.3−17.5%). The two-level logistic regression model analysis revealed that at the individual level, age, education level, occupation, chronic disease status and residence were the main influencing factors of the NK level. At the provincial level, the region and the female illiteracy rate were associated with the NK level. Dependent children ratio, per capita income, and health expenditure were not significantly associated with the NK level. The model accounted for 58.8% of the variance in the NK level. The NK level of Chinese women aged 18–49 years was low. Knowledge of dietary recommendations was weakest. Both individual and provincial-level factors were associated with the NK level. There is an urgent need to strengthen nutrition education actions for enhancing the NK of reproductive-age women effectively to improve their dietary behaviors.

Objective To investigate the awareness rate of hypoglycemic drugs in the diabetic patients at convenient outpatient services which dispense drugs, and to explore the factors affecting the awareness rate of hypoglycemic drugs. Methods Diabetic patients who visited the community health service centers of Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University convenient outpatient service and its medical alliances from December 2018 to June 2020 were selected. Baseline data such as age, gender, education level, family history of diabetes, whether the patient lives alone, number of types of hypoglycemic drugs, total number of types of drugs taken, and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were recorded. The patients were divided into complete awareness group, partial awareness group and completely unknown group according to drug awareness. Full-time clinical pharmacists provided medications education for patients in each group. The participants were given with specialist medical education, and questionnaires were given again at 12 and 24 weeks to acquire the drug awareness, moreover the patients were rechecked HbA1c level. The comparison of clinical parameters in two or three groups was performed using t-test, analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test or χ2 test, and multivariate logistics regression analysis was used to analyze the possible factors affecting the awareness of hypoglycemic drugs. Results A total of 1 811 diabetic patients were enrolled, of whom 29.26% (530/1 811) were fully aware, 63.56% (1 151/1 811) were partially aware, and 7.18% (130/1 811) were completely unaware. After medications education 12 weeks, the proportion of patients in the fully aware group increased to 52.90% (958/1 811), the proportion of patients in the partially aware group decreased to 42.08% (762/1 811), and the proportion of patients in the fully unaware group decreased to 5.02% (91/1 811). After education intervention 24 weeks, the proportion of the patients with complete awareness was 46.05% (834/1 811), the proportion of the partially aware group was 50.80% (920/1 811), and the proportion of the completely unaware group was reduced to 3.15% (57/1 811). There were significant differences in HbA1c among the three groups before and 12 weeks and 24 weeks after medications education (F values were 48.21, 16.22 and 8.03, respectively, all P<0.01). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, age (OR=0.98, 95%CI 0.97--0.99, P<0.001), gender (OR=0.70, 95%CI 0.57--0.86, P=0.001), education level (OR=1.94, 95%CI 1.57--2.39, P<0.001), living alone (OR=0.48, 95%CI 0.35--0.65, P<0.001), family history of diabetes (OR=1.28, 95%CI 1.04--1.57, P=0.020), hypoglycemic drugs taken (OR= 0.56, 95%CI 0.49--0.65, P<0.001), and total number of medications taken (OR=0.19, 95%CI 0.16--0.22, P<0.001) were the main influencing factors of hypoglycemic drug acquaintance. Conclusions The complete awareness rate of diabetic patients for hypoglycemic drugs is low, and the awareness rate is sighificantly improved after drug education. There are many factors that affect the awareness rate of hypoglycemic drugs used by diabetic patients. Among them, eldly, low educational level, the number of hypoglycemic drugs taken and the total number of drugs taken are unfavorable factors, while non-solitary, male, high education and family history of diabetes are conducive to hypoglycemic drug acquaintance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge and prevention measures among homosexual men in Beijing. Methods The Blued platform registered users whose place of registration was Beijing were investigated by anonymous questionnaire. Results Of the 600 sending questionnaires, totally 500 questionnaires were retrieved. A low level of awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge was identified among respondents, and there was a significant difference in awareness rate between respondents with different age and education level (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Findings of the survey showed a low level of awareness of AIDS-related knowledge and prevention among homosexual men in Beijing, and awareness of AIDS-related knowledge was influenced by age and education level of. It is required to strength the efforts on publicity and education of AIDS prevention among homosexual men. (目的 调查北京市男同性恋者艾滋病预防相关知识知晓率现状。方法 采用无记名方式通过Blued平台对地理位置显示北京地区的注册用户发放600份问卷。结果 回收有效问卷500份。调查对象问卷总体得分较低, 不同年龄、学历的受访人员知晓率比较, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 北京市男同性恋人群艾滋病预防相关知识的知晓率偏低, 年龄和文化程度影响知晓率。应加强对男同性恋预防艾滋病知识的宣传力度。)

Abstract Background To analyze the risk factors for hypertension in different age groups of urban and rural residents in Tianjin. Methods A total of 33,997 people (35–75 years old) from 13 community health service centers and primary hospitals in Tianjin participated in this study. They were divided into the youth group (≤ 40 years old), middle-aged group (41–65 years old), and elderly group (> 65 years old). Then, a questionnaire survey was administered, followed by physical and blood biochemical examinations. The demographic characteristics and prevalence were recorded and counted. Subsequently, risk factors were analyzed using univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results In the youth, middle-aged, and elderly groups, the prevalence rate of hypertension was 18.65, 51.80, and 76.61%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that obesity(OR: 3.263, 95% CI: 1.039–1.656), men (OR: 2.117, 95% CI: 1.691–2.651), diabetes (OR: 1.978, 95% CI: 1.398–2.799), high triglycerides(OR 1.968 95% CI: 1.590–2.434) and family history of stroke (OR: 1.936, 95% CI: 1.287–2.911) are the five factors in youth. In middle-aged group, the significantly associating factors were obesity (OR: 2.478, 95% CI: 2.330–2.636), diabetes (OR: 2.173, 95% CI: 1.398–2.799), family history of stroke (OR: 1.808, 95% CI: 1.619–2.020), maleness (OR: 1.507, 95% CI: 1.412–1.609),Hypertriglyceridemia (OR 1.490 95% CI: 1.409–1.577),family history of cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.484, 95% CI: 1.307–1.684),Hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.228 95% CI: 1.160–1.299). In the elderly group, obesity (OR: 2.104, 95% CI: 1.830–2.418), family history of strokes (OR: 1.688, 95% CI: 1.243–2.292), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.544, 95% CI: 1.345–1.773), family history of cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.470, 95% CI: 1.061–2.036), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.348, 95% CI: 1.192–1.524) increased the risk for hypertension. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) increased with age, and the value of these two measures for predicting hypertension was better than BMI in middle-aged group. Conclusion Obesity is the most important risk factor for hypertension in all age groups. Diabetes, family history of strokes and high triglyceride were also significant risk factors for all age groups. There was a gender difference between the young and middle-aged groups, with men more likely to hypertension. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were better predictors of hypertension than BMI in middle-aged group.

Objective To explore the prevalence and control of hypertension among workers in manufacturing and electric power enterprises in Guangxi, and to provide basis for hypertension intervention based on occupational places. Methods Utilizing sampling survey, selecting the workers from 30 large and mediumsized enterprises in Guangxi as the experimental group, a total of 10 028 people were investigated, and 1 586 people suffered from hypertension. Further carrying out blood pressure classification and the influencing factors of blood pressure control were analyzed. Results The total prevalence of hypertension among professionals in manufacturing and electric power enterprises in Guangxi was 15.82%, and the rates of hypertension awareness, treatment and control were 59.96%, 28.47% and 29.51%, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension among professionals in manufacturing and electric power enterprises in Guangxi is lower than the national level. The awareness rate and control rate of hypertension are higher than the national levels, and the treatment rate is lower than the national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The awareness rate of mental health knowledge among medical staff is an important evaluation index to assess the service capacity of a country or region, and this indicator in China has not been quantitatively evaluated. Study Design: This study systematically combined pertinent quantitative study data from previous related studies to conclude the awareness rate of mental health knowledge among Chinese medical staff. Methods: Related studies from five electronic databases were searched, and a meta-analysis was conducted to obtain the combined result. The primary outcome of the present study was the awareness rate of medical staff or the sample size and the number of those who can answer the relevant questions correctly. We also performed a hierarchical analysis according to the sample group's region and specialty. The awareness rate of medical staff and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The heterogeneity was assessed with the I 2 test, and Egger's test was used to evaluate publication bias. Results: A total of 15 articles with 11,526 medical staff were included in the present study; the overall awareness rate of mental health knowledge among Chinese medical staff was as low as 81%. The awareness rate of mental health knowledge among medical workers in developed regions is higher than that in developing regions. The awareness rate of mental health among medical staff in the department of psychiatry, non-psychiatry, and community medical staff was 88, 68, and 82%, respectively. Conclusion: The overall awareness rate among medical staff in this country is unsatisfactory, and the awareness rate in developed regions is higher than medical staff in developing regions. Psychiatric hospital staff has a higher awareness rate than community medical staff, and non-psychiatric hospital staff has the lowest awareness rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the coverage of HIV health education among rural residents in western China by ascertaining their awareness of HIV/AIDS and its transmission routes, and to investigate how these residents receive health information. Methods A survey was conducted through stratified clustered sampling at 99 county hospitals in 11 provinces in western China. Information was collected on awareness of HIV/AIDS and its transmission routes, as well as residents’ access to health knowledge. Chi-square analysis was used to analyse the differences in HIV/AIDS awareness (knowing of the existence of HIV/AIDS, hereinafter referred to as “HIV awareness rate”) between different subgroups categorized by demographic status, regional factors, and different methods of access to health knowledge. To further analyse the effects of access to health knowledge on HIV awareness, a logistic regression model was established. The relationship between access to health knowledge and transmission routes was also examined using chi-square analysis. Results The HIV awareness rate of the total 9274 participants was 80.9%. There were statistically significant differences between subgroups classified by age (χ 2 = 482.118, p

Background: The awareness rate of mental health knowledge among medical staff is an important evaluation index to assess the service capacity of a country or region, and this indicator in China has not been quantitatively evaluated.Study Design: This study systematically combined pertinent quantitative study data from previous related studies to conclude the awareness rate of mental health knowledge among Chinese medical staff.Methods: Related studies from five electronic databases were searched, and a meta-analysis was conducted to obtain the combined result. The primary outcome of the present study was the awareness rate of medical staff or the sample size and the number of those who can answer the relevant questions correctly. We also performed a hierarchical analysis according to the sample group's region and specialty. The awareness rate of medical staff and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 test, and Egger's test was used to evaluate publication bias.Results: A total of 15 articles with 11,526 medical staff were included in the present study; the overall awareness rate of mental health knowledge among Chinese medical staff was as low as 81%. The awareness rate of mental health knowledge among medical workers in developed regions is higher than that in developing regions. The awareness rate of mental health among medical staff in the department of psychiatry, non-psychiatry, and community medical staff was 88, 68, and 82%, respectively.Conclusion: The overall awareness rate among medical staff in this country is unsatisfactory, and the awareness rate in developed regions is higher than medical staff in developing regions. Psychiatric hospital staff has a higher awareness rate than community medical staff, and non-psychiatric hospital staff has the lowest awareness rate.

Objective To explore the awareness and influencing factors of care knowledge among main caregivers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Methods From February to March 2020, in Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing Xinwu Hospital, and Huaxi Street Elderly Service Center in Banan District of Chongqing City, AD dementia patients with diagnostic criteria and their main caregivers (1 patient corresponds to 1 caregiver) were randomly selected as the research object according to the random number table in line with the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), for questionnaire survey, scale evaluation and statistical analysis. Results (1) The overall score of awareness was (82.07±22.76) score, and there was no statistical significance in the scores of patients, caregivers and environment problems (F=0.009, P =0.991). Among the overall score, the top three awareness scores were rehabilitation guidance, nurser-patient communication and caregiver support. The first three areas with low awareness were environment setting, humanistic care and patient needs.(2)The overall scores of awareness was negatively correlated with marriage, complications, delirium symptoms, hallucination, risk degree, gender of care, physical environment( P <0.05), and which was positively correlated with the number of onset, diet and sleep, days of care, social humanities, cognitive ability and life ability (P <0.05).(3)Delirium symptoms, living ability, complications, marriage and physical environment were the main influencing factors for overall scores of awareness among main caregivers (P<0.001). Conclusion The main caregivers need to improve the concept of human centered professional care, and pay attention to the physical and mental state and environmental factors of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: To analyze the risk factors for hypertension in different age groups of urban and rural residents in Tianjin.Methods: A total of 33,997 people (35-75 years old) from 13 community health service centers and primary hospitals in Tianjin participated in this study. They were divided into the youth group (≤ 40 years old), middle-aged group (41-65 years old), and elderly group (> 65 years old). Then, a questionnaire survey was administered, followed by physical and blood biochemical examinations. The demographic characteristics and prevalence were recorded and counted. Subsequently, risk factors were analyzed using univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: In the youth, middle-aged, and elderly groups, the prevalence rate of hypertension was 18.65, 51.80, and 76.61%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that obesity(OR: 3.263, 95% CI: 1.039-1.656), men (OR: 2.117, 95% CI: 1.691-2.651), diabetes (OR: 1.978, 95% CI: 1.398-2.799), high triglycerides(OR 1.968 95% CI: 1.590-2.434) and family history of stroke (OR: 1.936, 95% CI: 1.287-2.911) are the five factors in youth. In middle-aged group, the significantly associating factors were obesity (OR: 2.478, 95% CI: 2.330-2.636), diabetes (OR: 2.173, 95% CI: 1.398-2.799), family history of stroke (OR: 1.808, 95% CI: 1.619-2.020), maleness (OR: 1.507, 95% CI: 1.412-1.609),Hypertriglyceridemia (OR 1.490 95% CI: 1.409-1.577),family history of cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.484, 95% CI: 1.307-1.684),Hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.228 95% CI: 1.160-1.299). In the elderly group, obesity (OR: 2.104, 95% CI: 1.830-2.418), family history of strokes (OR: 1.688, 95% CI: 1.243-2.292), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.544, 95% CI: 1.345-1.773), family history of cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.470, 95% CI: 1.061-2.036), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.348, 95% CI: 1.192-1.524) increased the risk for hypertension. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) increased with age, and the value of these two measures for predicting hypertension was better than BMI in middle-aged group.Conclusion: Obesity is the most important risk factor for hypertension in all age groups. Diabetes, family history of strokes and high triglyceride were also significant risk factors for all age groups. There was a gender difference between the young and middle-aged groups, with men more likely to hypertension. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were better predictors of hypertension than BMI in middle-aged group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the knowledge of hepatitis B prevention and control among community residents and analysis on the influencing factors of hepatitis B discrimination. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1276 residents in Hongshunli community of Tianjin by stratified cluster random sampling method, each of them was given a questionnaire. After the questionnaire was collected, the residents' knowledge of hepatitis B prevention and control and the status of hepatitis B discrimination were analyzed, and the influencing factors of hepatitis B discrimination were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. A total of 1214 valid questionnaires were collected, with a recovery rate of 95.14% (1214/1276). Among the 5 main routes of transmission of hepatitis B, the highest awareness of blood transmission was 70.18% (852/1214), awareness of sharing toothbrushes and razors transmission was 48.76% (592/1214), awareness of mother-to-child transmission was 37.73% (458/1214), awareness of sexual transmission was 34.68% (421/1214), and awareness of contaminated medical devices transmission was 34.18% (415/1214), awareness of the 5 transmission routes was 27.92% (339/1214). 90.77% (1102/1214) of the respondents knew "whether hepatitis B is infectious or not". The overall awareness rate of hepatitis B knowledge was 21.91% (266/1214). 79.90% (970/1214) of the respondents were unwilling to fall in love/marry with hepatitis B patients. 60.96% (740/1214) of the respondents were unwilling to share meals with hepatitis B patients. The proportion of non discrimination, light and medium discrimination and severe discrimination 24.87% (302/1214), 50.91% (618/1214) and 24.22% (294/1214) respectively. There were significant differences in hepatitis B discrimination among different age, occupation, degree of education and monthly income (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, occupation, education level and monthly income were all the possible influencing factors of hepatitis B discrimination. The awareness rate of knowledge about hepatitis B prevention and control among residents in Hongshunli community of Tianjin is low and discrimination is serious. We should strengthen the propaganda and education of knowledge about hepatitis B, and correct the discriminatory attitude towards Hepatitis B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the mental health literacy of urban and rural residents in Chengdu area. Methods: A multi-stage stratified cluster system sampling method was used to randomly select 1674 residents in Chengdu area, including 811 in urban and 863 in rural areas. The Mental Health and Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire (MHMHKQ), Devaluation-Discrim in at ion Scale(DDS) and Five Common Cases of Mental Disorders Questionnaire (FCCMDQ) were used to evaluate the awareness rate of mental health knowledge, attitude towards mental illness and recognition ability of mental disorders in participants. Results: 'Hie mean awareness rate was 75. 1%, and higher in urban residentsthan in rural residents (77.4% vs. 73.0% , P <0. 05). The DDS scores were higher in urban residents than in rural residents[(35. 6 ±5.4) vs. (34. 9 ±6. 1), P <0.05]. The recognition rate of common mental disorders was 35. 4% in all residents, and the recognition rate of schizophrenia with positive symptoms was higher in urban residents than in rural residents (24. 4% vs. 19. 8% , P <0. 05). Conclusion: Residents in Chengdu area show considerable knowledge about mental disorders, but show lower recognition rate and negative attitudes toward mental disorders. Urban residents have higher level of mental health literacy than rural residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the nursing effect of peer-assistance platform based on WeChat in patients for colorectal cancer stoma. Methods A total of 82 patients for colorectal cancer stoma treated from May 2016 to May 2019 were enrolled and divided into the control group (n = 41) and the observation group (n = 41) based on the randomized table. The control group was given routine nursing management. The observation group was managed by peer-assistance platform based on WeChat. Both groups were administered for 3 months. The self-efficacy, quality of life, complication rate and awareness rate were compared between the two groups. Results The health knowledge level (29.41±3.41), self-responsibility (21.49±2.54), self-concept (32.39±2.74) and self-care skill score (40.29±4.73) observed in the observation groupwere higher than those in the control group (P < 0.001); In addition to social relations, the quality of life scores of the observation group 3 months after care were (23.12±3.58, 10.48±1.43, 23.12±1.43, 17.63±2.74) points respectively, higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05); The incidences of post-treatment ostomy around the stoma (2.44%), stoma retraction (0.00%), parastomal hernia (2.44%), stoma stenosis (0.00%) and stoma prolapse (0.00%) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P = 0.042, 0.039, 0.027, 0.021, 0.017); daily diet (92.68%), functional exercise (90.24%), skin care (95.12%), prevention of complications (97.56%) and the awareness rate of mouth function judgment (95.12%) were higher than those of the control group (P = 0.039, 0.014, 0.032, 0.048, 0.011). Conclusion Peer-assistance platform based on WeChat for patients for colorectal cancer stoma can improve patients' self-efficacy, quality of life and awareness rate, and can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications. It is worthy of popularization and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2017, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) updated the Guideline of Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Management and Management of High Blood Pressure (HBP) in Adults. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the potential impact of the 2017ACC/AHA HBP guideline on hypertension prevalence, awareness, and control rates. The data were collected from Physical Examination Center of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2012 to December 2017 (N = 66 977), including demographic information and risk factors of hypertension. The hypertension prevalence, awareness, and control rates of people were evaluated according to the new guideline. Additionally, the factors related to hypertension prevalence were also assessed. According to previous HBP guideline, hypertension prevalence, awareness, and control rate were 30.54%, 44.33%, and 13.04%, respectively. However, when the 2017 ACC/AHA HBP guideline was introduced, the population with hypertension increased from 20 453 to 34 460, the hypertension prevalence rate increased from 30.54% to 51.45%, the awareness rate decreased from 44.33% to 26.31%, and the control rate declined from 13.04% to 2.72%. The most newly diagnosed hypertension patients were from the low-risk population with young age and without the above histories. The 2017ACC/AHA HBP guideline indicated that high hypertension prevalence rate still existed with a substantial increase, while the awareness and control rates were relatively lowered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: College students, especially those in the lower grades, constitute the main high-risk population for tuberculosis (TB). Insufficient knowledge about TB among college students contributes to an increased risk of TB infection. In Zhejiang Province, China, limited research has been conducted recently on the awareness of TB in schools among college students. Therefore, this study aims to gain insight into TB knowledge among low-grade college students in Zhejiang Province and develop effective strategies for TB education targeted at this specific population., Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 1 st and 20 th May 2022 in 20 colleges in Zhejiang Province, southeastern China. The survey aimed to assess the level of TB awareness among 1 st and 2 nd -year college students. Chi-square tests were performed to compare the rates, while multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors influencing the overall awareness level of students' regarding key knowledge about TB., Results: A total of 4,414 lower-grade students participated in the study. The total awareness rate and entire awareness rate of key TB knowledge were 81.6 and 25.3%, respectively. Participants who demonstrated a relatively poor understanding of the definition were (51.0%), curable outcomes (75.7%), and preventive measures of TB (76.1%). Female participants [adjusted odds ratio (aOR):1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.25-1.65], medical students (aOR:2.00; 95%CI:1.63-2.64), had a high level of monthly expenditures (aOR:2.50; 95%CI:1.49-4.19), had prior TB health education (aOR:1.95; 95%CI:1.68-2.25) and previous exposure to TB patients (aOR:2.13; 95% CI:1.48-3.08) indicating a better level of awareness of key knowledge about TB. Among the students, 58.5% expressed their willingness to acquire TB knowledge through "broadcasting, television, films, and audiovisual materials.", Conclusions: The total awareness rate of key knowledge among low-grade college students in Zhejiang did not meet the national requirements. To effectively prevent TB in schools, it is crucial to develop a comprehensive understanding of the disease among college students. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance TB awareness through theoretical and practical education, starting from the early semesters of college., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Chen, Peng, Zhou, Wang, Chen and Qu.)

Objective To analyze the personal health status and related lifestyle and behaviors of chronic diseases in Nu Ethnic Minority；To understand the knowledge and control situation of overweight or obesity， hypertension，diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia among residents of Nu Ethnic Minority aged over 15 years old；To provide basis for health education on chronic disease prevention and treatment. Methods A total of 267 residents aged 15 and above from 209 families in 10 natural villages in Gongshan County in Yunnan Province were selected with stratified multistage cluster sampling method. Cross-sectional survey was applied to obtain the condition of individual health and behavioral lifestyle among Nu minority. The software of SPSS statistical was applied to analyze. Counting data is described by frequency. Results Only 4.3% of Nu Ethnic Minority residents aged 15 years or older considered themselves overweight or obese in Yunnan Province. 75.0% of Nu Ethnic Minority residents controlled weight by diet. Only 10.9%of people knew they had high blood pressure. 87.0% people controlled blood pressure with drugs. Only 5.2% knew themselves had diabetes. 75.0% of Nu Ethnic Minority residents controlled blood sugar with increasing physical activity and receiving medication. Only 6.4% of people knew they had dyslipidemia．66.7% treated with drugs to control blood lipids. Only 28.9% of the population surveyed had undergone a medical examination. Conclusion Among the residents of Nu Ethnic Minority aged 15 and above in Yunnan Province，the awareness rate of chronic diseases，such as overweight or obesity，hypertension，diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia is lower than that in other regions，which should be paid more attention to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate and analyze the case rate, awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate of hypertension among natural population in Jiangsu province, and to provide theoretical basis for expanding the channel of hypertension health education and improving residents self-management behavior. MethodsMultistage stratified random sampling method was used to sample 10 urban and rural areas, and 19 316 research subjects over 15 years old were selected since October 2013. Among them 18 953 cases were enrolled in our study. ResultsThe means systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure(SBP/DBP) of Jiangsu province residents aged over 15 was 129.9(95%CI 129.6-130.2)/76.6(95%CI 76.4- 76.7) mmHg; male was 132(95%CI 131.7-132.4)/78.5(95%CI 78.3-78.8) mmHg while female was 127.9(95%CI 127.5-128.3)/74.6(95%CI 74.4-74.8) mmHg. The case rate of hypertension was 30.6%(95%CI 30.0%-31.3%). SBP in each age group increased with the growth of age. The effect of gender on blood pressure was different between urban and rural residents. Male's blood pressure was higher than female's(P<0.05); female’s SBP in cities was lower than that in rural areas(P<0.01) while male's SBP in cities was higher than that in rural areas(P<0.01). The awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate of hypertension was 49.3%(95%CI 48.0%-50.5%), 43.6%(95%CI 42.3%-44.9%) and 14.2%(95%CI 13.3%-15.1%), respectively. The above three rates of females were all higher than those of males(P<0.01) while the three rates of urban residents were higher than those of rural ones(P<0.01). Subjects aged 15-24 had the lowest awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate of hypertension(P<0.01). ConclusionThe prevalence rate of hypertension is high in Jiangsu province,however the awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate are relatively low. It is necessary to strengthen the health knowledge education of hypertension, especially in males, rural areas and the youths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The awareness of facial expressions allows one to better understand, predict, and regulate his/her states to adapt to different social situations. The present research investigated individuals’ awareness of their own facial expressions and the influence of the duration and intensity of expressions in two self-reference modalities, a real-time condition and a video-review condition. The participants were instructed to respond as soon as they became aware of any facial movements. The results revealed that awareness rates were 57.79% in the real-time condition and 75.92% in the video-review condition. The awareness rate was influenced by the intensity and (or) the duration. The intensity thresholds for individuals to become aware of their own facial expressions were calculated using logistic regression models. The results of Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) revealed that video-review awareness was a significant predictor of real-time awareness. These findings extend understandings of human facial expression self-awareness in two modalities.