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Population ageing has become an issue of maximum interest in developed countries. Romania is facing the acceleration of this process in the context of the post-1990 decline in fertility and the post-2000 massive emigration after 2000. The main objective is to outline regional and local disparities, starting from the hypothesis that they are due to the differentiated actions of various factors which can stimulate or slow down demographic ageing. The methodology used proposes a descriptive, typological perspective, coupled with a multivariate one. Several regional patterns of evolution, induced by specific ways of adapting to social, economic and political transition, are thus highlighted. The fast expansion in urban areas and the relative rejuvenation of the population in metropolitan areas, which expresses a population transfer induced by changes in people's lifestyle, relocation of economic activities and increased mobility, generated much interest. At the same time, the prevalence of agricultural activities and the decline of mining shape the context of an unprecedented ageing process in areas threatened by depopulation. The paper concludes that the evolution of the ageing process is similar to that of neighbouring countries and that there are strong rural-urban disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The main objective of the study is to investigate and establish the relationship between shooting accuracy to the goal and final ranking in the top football divisions of three Balkan countries. The study was done for Romania. Croatia and Turkey for the season 2023/2024. Methods. Collecting data from the three leagues surveyed for the 23/24 season and analyze the resulting metrics using mathematical and statistical methods. Comparing the three leagues and drawing conclusions and recommendations. Results. The results were obtained after analyzing all 680 matches from the observed professional leagues. The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation of coefficient. A high correlation was found between average age and goalshooting accuracy towards the final ranking. Conclusions. We can conclude that shooting at goal is not of particular importance, and the accuracy and frequency of accurate shots on goal in 90 minutes are fundamental to the final ranking. Average age is strongly correlated with accurate shots on goal, proving that more experienced players would contribute to a better ranking at the end of the championship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the effect of top managers' team age diversity on firm performance and the moderation effect of top managers' average age on the top manager's age diversity and firm performance. The study used quantitative data from 63 listed firms on East African stock exchanges. It used hierarchical linear modeling to test the hypotheses. Results indicated that the main effect of top managers' team age diversity is statistically significant and positively related to firm performance as measured by ROA. Furthermore, the moderation effect of top managers' average age is statistically significant but negatively moderates the relationship between top managers' age diversity and firm performance. The study theoretically contributed to upper-echelon literature by introducing other theories-- the information and decision-making theory, and the socioemotional theory that collaborates with upper-echelon literature to explain the effect of top managers' age diversity on firm performance as moderated by the average age of top managers. The innovation of this study comes from extended knowledge of the micro-contextual factor, which has been used to moderate this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the tobacco-growing area of Shashi Town, Liuyang City as the object, the number of registered, newly added and resigned tobacco farmers in each year, average age, number and proportion of tobacco farmers of different ages, number and proportion of tobacco farmers born in different eras, as well as planting scale and planting history of flue-cured tobacco in the last 10 years were analyzed statistically. The results showed that the number of tobacco farmers in Shashi Town showed a rapid decline trend from 2012 to 2018, while the average age continuously increased, and the average planting scale rose in a wave like way. From 2019 to 2021, the decline rate of the number of tobacco farmers slowed down, and the average planting scale continuously increased, while the aging of tobacco farmers accelerated. Meantime, the birth years of tobacco farmers were further concentrated in the 1960s, and they were mainly at the age of 50 -59. The tobacco industry in Shashi Town of Liuyang City is facing the crisis of aging tobacco farmers and no successor of flue-cured tobacco planting, and it is predicted that the next 5-10 years will continue the change trend from 2019 to 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous registries have shown a younger average age at presentation with cardiovascular diseases in the Middle East (ME), but no study has examined atrioventricular block (AVB). Moreover, these comparisons are confounded by younger populations in the ME. We sought to describe the average age at presentation with AVB in ME and quantify the effect of being from ME, adjusted for the overall younger population. Methodology: This was a retrospective analysis of PANORAMA registries, which collected data on patients who underwent cardiac rhythm device placement worldwide. Countries with a median population age of ≤30 were considered ‘young countries’. Multivariate linear regression was performed to assess the effect of being from ME, adjusted for being from a ‘young country’, on age at presentation with AVB. Results: The study included 5,259 AVB patients, with 640 (8.2%) from the ME. Mean age at presentation was seven years younger in ME than in other regions (62.9 ± 17.8 vs. 70 ± 14.1, P < 0.001). Being from a ‘young country’ was associated with 5.6 years younger age at presentation (95%CI –6.5––4.6), whereas being from ME was associated with 3.1 years younger age at presentation (95%CI –4.5––1.8), (P < 0.001 for both). Conclusion: The average age at presentation with AVB in the ME is seven years younger than in other regions. While this is mostly driven by the overall younger population, being from the ME appears to be independently associated with younger age. Determinants of the earlier presentation in ME need to be assessed, and care should be taken when applying international recommendations.

Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a new type of coronavirus that appeared in 2019 and causes coronavirus disease. This is a descriptive study that shows the incidence of COVID-19 in Romanian counties. 4 from the first 5 counties in Romania that faced high numbers of COVID-19 infections are also the cities with the highest life expectancy in Romania and the lowest mortality rates. I have concluded that 4 of the most populated counties in Romania (Bucuresti, Timis, Cluj, Brasov) are also the most infected counties, so it confirm that SARS-CoV-2 spreading is more likely to happen in populated areas. The percentage values associated with COVID-19 infection in the Romanian area are going from 5.87% in Gorj county and reaching 22.84% in Ilfov county. From all 42 counties, 26 registered bellow 10% infection cases, while 16 registered more than 10% infection cases, until november 2021. We expected a directly proportional relationship between average age and COVID-19 percentage by country but we have concluded that there is no connection between age average of the population and number of infections, meaning that number of infection is not influenced by the age of population, in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the data of an empirical study on the relationship of personal characteristics and styles of coping behavior in middle age. Most studies are devoted to the study of personal determinants of coping behavior at different stages of psychological stress, the number of works on coping behavior of a person with age factor is limited. In this study, an attempt is made to determine the personal determinants of coping behavior in middle age. The research hypothesis is that there are interrelations between the severity of personal characteristics of different levels and the choice of preferred strategies of coping behavior by middle-aged people. The results of this study and the connection revealed in its course can be used in the work of a practical psychologist, both when working with direct inquiries about the formation of the ability to react constructively to life situations, and when inquiring about normative and non-normative crises of middle age, loss of senses or heightened anxiety.

Background: Over the last two decades, early marriage in the Gambia declined significantly (from 58% to 30%), however this rate is still high. The reasons for the decline but continuing practice of early marriage, despite existing legislation prohibiting child marriage, are not very well understood. Very few studies have been conducted to find out what and how local factors influence decisions about early marriage in the Gambia. More information is therefore needed on underlying reasons for the persistence of early marriage in the Gambia so that program managers can use this information to design strategies to decrease early marriages. Methods: The study was conducted in 24 rural settlements in Lower Baddibu District in the North Bank Region of the Gambia. It was based on a mixed-methods design including a cross-sectional household survey with a sample of 181 female adolescents, focus group discussions with 16 male and female parents, and eight key informant interviews with community-based decision makers. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic content analysis, while survey data were analyzed using Stata. Results: The study finds that ethnicity and the fear that girls may engage in premarital sex are two important factors associated with early marriage in rural Gambia. In addition, lack of meaningful alternatives to marriage including work opportunities in rural areas may also limit the options and resources available to girls, resulting in early wedlock. Conclusions: These findings suggest that in order to decrease early marriages in rural Gambia, future efforts should focus on understanding and addressing the role of ethnicity in determining marriage patterns and allaying the fear around premarital sex.The findings also suggest a need to provide girls with employment-oriented education including vocational skills which may result into more empowerment and a delay in marriage.

Background: Over the last two decades, early marriage in the Gambia declined significantly (from 58% to 30%), however this rate is still high. The reasons for the decline but continuing practice of early marriage, despite existing legislation prohibiting child marriage, are not very well understood. Very few studies have been conducted to find out what and how local factors influence decisions about early marriage in the Gambia. More information is therefore needed on underlying reasons for the persistence of early marriage in the Gambia so that program managers can use this information to design strategies to decrease early marriages. Methods: The study was conducted in 24 rural settlements in Lower Baddibu District in the North Bank Region of the Gambia. It was based on a mixed-methods design including a cross-sectional household survey with a sample of 181 female adolescents, focus group discussions with 16 male and female parents, and eight key informant interviews with community-based decision makers. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic content analysis, while survey data were analyzed using Stata. Results: The study finds that ethnicity and the fear that girls may engage in premarital sex are two important factors associated with early marriage in rural Gambia. In addition, lack of meaningful alternatives to marriage including work opportunities in rural areas may also limit the options and resources available to girls, resulting in early wedlock. Conclusions: These findings suggest that in order to decrease early marriages in rural Gambia, future efforts should focus on understanding and addressing the role of ethnicity in determining marriage patterns and allaying the fear around premarital sex.The findings also suggest a need to provide girls with employment-oriented education including vocational skills which may result into more empowerment and a delay in marriage.

Background: Over the last two decades, early marriage in the Gambia declined significantly (from 58% to 30%). Yet evidence indicates that nearly 8.6% of marriages in the Gambia involved girls younger than 15, and 46.5% of marriages are with girls aged 18 or below. The reasons for the decline but continuing practice of early marriage, despite existing legislation prohibiting child marriage, are not very well understood. Very few studies have been conducted to find out what and how local factors influence decisions about early marriage in the Gambia. More information is therefore needed on underlying reasons for the persistence of early marriage in the Gambia so that program managers can use this information to design strategies towards accelerating the decline of early marriages. Methods: The study was conducted in 24 rural settlements in Lower Baddibu District in the North Bank Region of the Gambia. It was based on a mixed-methods design including a cross-sectional household survey with a sample of 181 female adolescents and focus group discussions with 16 male and female parents. Focus group discussions were digitally-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic content analysis, while survey data were analyzed using Stata. Results: Using multiple regression analysis, this study found that ethnicity more than other factors, exerts an independent effect on early marriage. Themes identified during focus group discussions also revealed that fear of premarital sex and loss of virginity outside marriage were major reasons for the perpetuation of early marriage. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the practice of early marriage in rural Gambia is associated with ethnicity and practices related to social and cultural norms. The findings also suggest that in order to decrease early marriages, future efforts should focus on allaying the fears around premarital sex and loss of virginity related to delay in marriage.

I simulated selective harvest strategies of moose (Alces alces) using antler point restrictions and protection of cows with calves to assess the impact of these strategies on population age structure and potential harvest efficiency (proportion of allowed shooting opportunities). The post-hunt, adult bull:cow ratio was held constant throughout the simulations, but age structure of the bull cohort was allowed to vary. The simulation showed that protecting bulls with few antler points (

Copyright of Filosofija, Sociologija is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nobel Laureates are used as a proxy to study at what age scientists produce their most groundbreaking work. We determine the average age of Nobel Laureates at the time that their Prize-winning research was conducted. This is done using the Advanced Information document with scientific background information published by the Nobel Foundation for every awarded Nobel Prize since 1995 for physics and economics, 2000 for chemistry and 2006 for physiology or medicine. For all Laureates their average age when their Prize-winning research was conducted was 44.1 ± 9.7 , with Laureates in physics generally being younger compared to the other fields. It is shown to be statistically significant that Laureates in physics have published their Nobel Prize winning works within a shorter span of years compared to the other fields, whereas Laureates in economics use a longer span of years. The number of papers cited by the Nobel Foundation for each Laureate was found to be 9.6 ± 8.6 , with Laureates in physics have significantly fewer papers cited compared to the other fields, 5.4 ± 4.8 , while Laureates in economics have significantly more, 17.3 ± 11.5 . Finally, we find that Laureates wait an average of 22.3 ± 10.8 years between conducting their prize-winning research and receiving the Nobel Prize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I simulated selective harvest strategies of moose (Alces alces) using antler point restrictions and protection of cows with calves to assess the impact of these strategies on population age structure and potential harvest efficiency (proportion of allowed shooting opportunities). The post-hunt, adult bull:cow ratio was held constant throughout the simulations, but age structure of the bull cohort was allowed to vary. The simulation showed that protecting bulls with few antler points (<5) reduced the average bull age in the posthunt population, whereas protecting bulls with more points (4 - 8) yielded a higher average age. Regardless of type, restrictions caused a measurable drop in harvest efficiency, and subsequently, substantially more hunting days to achieve the harvest quota. Only 33% and 55% of the bulls in the population were eligible for harvest under the <5 points and 4-8 points restrictions, respectively. For cows, the post-hunt, average age was unaffected when cows accompanied by calves were protected during the first 3 weeks; likewise, harvest efficiency was unaffected by harvest restrictions on cows. However, restrictions protecting reproductive cows reduced harvest efficiency of calves, making it more difficult to reach calf harvest quotas. I suggest that antler point and cow hunting restrictions be abandoned in favour of sex-differentiated harvest quotas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of a gymnast’s career is participation in the Olympic Games (OG) at least once. Survey results determined a significant difference between genders in the number of gymnasts who competed in only one OG (277 males and 408 females); also, between those who consecutively participated in two OG (104 males and 70 females), three OG (28 males and 11 females), and four OG (six males and zero females). There were no gender differences found in the number of those who consecutively participated in five OG (one male and one female) and six OG (zero males and one female). For both genders, for consecutive participants of three and more OG longevity of high-quality performance, seen through their rank in different finals, was presented showing how it is not endangered with their above average age. The obtained results should be the encouragement for the coaches to plan quality training for more than one Olympic cycle during which the constant increase in the quality of the performance, for both genders, can and should be expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free, fair and transparent elections are a prerequisite for the functioning of democracy. In a functioning democracy, the integrity of elections guarantees high citizens’ trust in the democratic system; in a new or fledgling democracy fair and transparent elections help to consolidate the regime. In this article, the authors test whether inclusive parliaments improve the fairness and objectivity of elections. Using data from more than 100 elections, the authors establish through descriptive and inferential statistics that only one of the three indicators of inclusiveness – women’s representation, minority representation and average age – namely women’s representation, significantly improves the fairness and transparency of elections. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background and objective The lung cancer incidence was significantly increased in the past two decades in China. But the secular trend of lung cancer incidence difference between gender (male and female), area (urban and rural) and average age was not clear. The aim of this study is to analyze the trend of lung cancer incidence rate ratio between gender, area and average age in China during 1989-2008, and provide some inspiration for lung cancer prevention and control activities. Methods Cancer registry data and population data in China from 1989 to 2008 were collected by the National Cancer Registration Center. Stratified for gender and area, Poisson regression model was used to estimate annual lung cancer incidence rate ratio between male and female, urban and rural areas. The average age of lung cancer incidence was calculated. Linear regression was used to model the trend of annual incidence rate ratio and average age over time. Results Incidence rate ratios of lung cancer between male and female, urban and rural areas were significantly decreased from 2.47 and 2.07 to 2.28 and 1.14 during 1989-2008, respectively. Meanwhile, the average age of lung cancer incidence among male and female dramatically increased from 65.32 and 65.14 to 67.87 and 68.05, respectively. Conclusion The difference of lung cancer incidence between male and female, urban and rural areas remarkably decreased from 1989 to 2008. The average age of lung cancer occurrence gradually increased. Researches, prevention and control activities on lung cancer with consideration of new incidence pattern should be strengthened.

Objective To study the effect of holidays on patients with acute myocardial infarction, to guide the secondary prevention and hospital emergency work of patients with acute myocardial infarction during coronary holiday. Methods 654 patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction who underwent interventional therapy in the emergency department from 2015 to 2017 were selected as subjects. The patient's clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and analyzed. The analysis included the time of the visit, the number of daily visits, and the age. Results The daily average number of patients in the holiday group was ( 0.68 ± 0.90) person/day, unretired patients (38.9% ), and the average age was ( 66.1 ± 11.7) years old. The average daily age of the non holiday group was (0. 56 ± 0. 80) person/day, unretired (27.6%), and the average age was ( 68. 5±12. 9) years. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of daily visits between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion The incidence of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients with coronary heart disease during the holiday period increased com pared with the working day, and clinical attention should be paid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMEN: Las diferencias de género en la arquitectura de las órdenes mendicantes son una constante a lo largo de su historia. Las distintas necesidades planteadas por frailes y monjas se reflejan en la arquitectura de conventos y monasterios, e incluso en el lugar que ocupan estos en la ciudad. El presente estudio aborda estas diferencias de género a través de la documentación emanada desde los protagonistas y analiza el reflejo de la Contrarreforma en los espacios mendicantes. ABSTRACT: Gender differences in the architecture of mendicant orders have been a constant feature throughout history. Monks’ and nuns’ needs are reflected in the architecture of convents and monasteries, and even in their location within towns. This research looks at gender differences using documents written by their key figures and by analyzing the Counter Reformation’s effect on the mendicant orders’ environments.

Epidemiological parameters, such as age-dependent force of infection and average age at infection () were estimated for rubella, varicella, rotavirus A, respiratory syncytial virus, hepatitis A and parvovirus B19 infections for a non-immunized Brazilian community, using the same sera samples. The for the aforementioned diseases were 8.45 years (yr) [95% CI: (7.23, 9.48) yr], 3.90 yr [95% CI: (3.51, 4.28) yr], 1.03 yr [95% CI: (0.96, 1.09) yr], 1.58 yr [95% CI: (1.39, 1.79) yr], 7.17 yr [95% CI: (6.48, 7.80) yr] and 7.43 yr [95% CI: (5.68, 9.59) yr], respectively. The differences between average ages could be explained by factors such as differences in the effectiveness of the protection conferred to newborns by maternally derived antibodies, competition between virus species and age-dependent host susceptibility. Our seroprevalence data may illustrate a case of the above-mentioned mechanisms working together within the same population.

Aluminum production and consumption have increased quickly in China in recent years， while bauxite is in severely shortage and has to been imported from overseas. With the increment of aluminum social stock， the old scrap will become larger and play a greater role in aluminum industry. The social stock of aluminum， average age， old scrap recovery rate and regeneration index were analyzed. The results showed that social stock of aluminum in China increased from 7.23 million tons to 103.55 million tons in the period 1990~2010. The average age of aluminum products in social stock was about 4.3 years， and the regeneration index of depreciated aluminum products and recovery rate of aluminum social stock were 0.0747t/t and 1.17 percent， respectively， in 2010. Three scenarios analysis for different aluminum consumption conditions were carried out， and under the third scenario: the amount of aluminum social stock will reach 6 hundred million tons in 2035 and keep constant at 5.7 hundred million tons in 2055. In the year 2040， the average age of aluminum products in social stock will reach its maximum value at 7.13 years， the regeneration index of depreciated aluminum products and recovery rate of aluminum social stock will also get their maximum value in the same year， and the values were 0.79t/t and 5.05%， respectively. The analyzing results will give some references for the policy making of aluminum industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last census of 20 October 2011, confirmed the decrease in the stable population in most localities, although this did not occur uniformly across the county. The analysis aims to highlight the stable population evolution in the last two censuses, which mainly led to decreases in existent disparities between localities, to a slight increase of the degree of uniformity in this regard. If in urban areas, all localities have recorded drops, in the rural areas there were 11 localities with population increases, especially large suburban cities. This led to a slight decrease in the degree of variation in the area, from a coefficient of 45,6% at the census of 2002 to 43,4% in 2011 and the reduction in the ratio of the largest and smallest area, from 7,84 times to 6,08 times. If in 2002 there were 21 local rural residents under 3000 inhabitants, in 2011 their number increased to 26, while more than 10 thousand people do not exist in any village in the county, compared to 2 as they were at the previous census. Territorial disparities are found also among the population by age, existing only 8 villages where the average age has decreased compared to 2002, these being mainly poor localities from Valea Siretului, where the birth rate is higher.

Copyright of Journal of Capital Institute of Physical Education is the property of Shoudu Tiyu Xueyuan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Calvin, when dealing with the referring subjects to its time in Geneva, does not worry only about theological questions, but he understands he cannot deal with theology without also taking care of the social aspects. In this direction, it rescues the sensible truth of the work, had as curse at its time. Calvin sample that the work is a blessing and that the man must also use its vocation for the glory of God and for the benefit of the society. He also understands that in a society always he will have poor persons and rich and that these must live in such a way that makes possible the assistance to the needed ones, for this it recommend a thrifty life, where the human being living with moderation, will be able not only to be taken precautions for a time of shortage as well as will have to help its next one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The clone of the ciliated protozoan Paramecium caudatum has the immaturity period of about 60 fissions and the lifespan of about 600 fissions. These life cycle figures have been depicted through laboratory experiments that allow continuous cell divisions for hundreds, which never occur in nature. We here constructed the nature-mimicking model culture that alternated the log- and stationary phases to allow conjugation, and computer-simulated the age structure modifying parameters such as cell distributions to start the culture, fission rates, death rates, immaturity periods, probabilities of conjugation, proportions of transplantation and so on. The average and maximum ages in the culture after thousands of alternations were converged to and fissions, respectively, when parameters for the immaturity period and the maximum clonal lifespan were set at 60 and 600 fissions. This result explains why cells collected in nature are usually young and vigorous. The average and maximum ages proportionally prolonged as the immaturity period was prolonged, as reported true for species of the ciliate. These results indicate the validity of our simulation. The average and maximum ages remained unchanged when the initial condition for starting the culture was changed from two complementary mating-type cells to a population with a quadratic-function distribution, and when the fission rate at the log-phase and the death rate at the stationary phase were modified for older ages. The average and maximum ages changed slightly when either the conjugation rate or the proportion of transplantation was somewhat lowered. Although they changed considerably when such parameters as the immaturity period, conjugation rate and death rate were extremely modified, no clones with the age over 230 fissions appeared in any simulations. These results indicate the robustness of the model, which provides us with fresh insight into the structural system of the clonal lifespan of P. caudatum in nature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Focusing on the 18 counties along “One River and Two Tributaries” region, and based on the data from China 3nl, 4th and 5th population censuses, this article has analyzed the time and spatial changing patterns of the population in this region. The analyses show that since the 3nl population census, total population, average age and total birth rate have all changed considerably: ① Total population has grown, fast, with most counties' annual average growth rate of more than 10. ② In terms of the region's average age, in 2000 the age in the 18 counties is younger than 30 years old. ③ Compared with the 3nl population census, labor force by the 5th census is much younger. ④ Countermeasures are proposed to control population by controlling birth rate as the result of the local resident's quality improvement by education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence of larynx cancer in Lithuania in the years 1978--2001 and to outline possible future trends. Materials and Methods: The number of new laryngeal cancer cases in 1978--2001 was obtained from the Lithuanian Cancer Registry. The Lithuanian Department of Statistics provided data on the population being at the same age in the same years. The data were adjusted for age, using the direct method in accordance with the European standard; a linear regression analysis of trends in the larynx cancer incidence was performed. Results: After standardization of data for the period of 1978--2001, an upward trend was registered for both men and women: in 1978 the incidence was 10.73 for men and 0.26 for women per 100 000 population, in 2001 the corresponding data were 11.6 and 0.7. Throughout the study period the incidence was higher in men than in women and the mean age of male and female larynx cancer patients was increasing: mean age for men was annually increasing by 0.1566 years and for women by 0.0602 years. The forecast for men in 2006 is 13.88 and for women 0.54 cases per 100 000 population. Conclusions: The increase in larynx cancer incidence is growing more rapidly among women than among men, and the mean age of the patients is also increasing. The forecast is that in 2006 the incidence rate will be increasing, and both men and women will get ill at an older age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand better a possible future constant global population that is demographically heterogeneous, this paper analyzes several models. Classical theory of stationary populations generally fails to apply. However, if constant global population size P(global) is the sum of all country population sizes, and if constant global annual number of births B(global) is the sum of the annual number of births of all countries, and if constant global life expectancy at birth e(global) is the population-weighted mean of the life expectancy at birth of all countries, then B(global) x e(global) always exceeds P(global) unless all countries have the same life expectancy at birth.