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Decentralization as an organizing principle has drawn growing interest from scholars and practitioners because of its perceived suitability for contemporary market conditions and alignment with employees' evolving work expectations. However, efforts to decentralize authority face significant obstacles and often end in failure. I propose that existing research on decentralization has struggled to generate insight into how such barriers can be overcome because it has treated decentralization as a static outcome imposed by organizational designers. In contrast, this article treats decentralization as a dynamic and situated achievement that must be continually enacted, and it leverages ethnographic data from a decentralization effort in order to build theory on the organizational practices that support enactments of decentralized authority. I find that successful enactments of decentralized authority were supported by practices that established clear boundaries of authority and focused collective attention on these boundaries, as well as by practices that depersonalized collective attributions of the source of authority. At the same time, the practices were difficult to sustain because they were cognitively, emotionally, and temporally demanding. Through this study, I show that decentralization is not merely a one-time structural change but an ongoing collective process that requires navigating and neutralizing the structural and psychological forces pulling organizations back toward hierarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human resource (HR) managers hire conscientious employees because they are both productive and are viewed as upholding high ethical standards due to their propensity to engage in voice. Organizations may strive to create a work context conducive to all employees acting ethically, not just conscientious ones, by centralizing decision‐making authority and promoting formalization through a higher hierarchy of authority. Yet, we propose that from the social information processing perspective, in higher hierarchy of authority contexts, peers may view their highly conscientious colleagues as less ethical. We hypothesize these effects through the lens of trait activation theory, according to which in a higher hierarchy of authority context, others are less likely to notice the voice behaviors of conscientious employees. Problematically, when others fail to notice conscientious employees' voice, they may perceive these workers as being less ethical. We tested our hypothesized moderated mediation model in a matched sample of employees (N = 820), their supervisors (N = 445), and peers (N = 529). As predicted, hierarchy of authority moderated the positive relationship between conscientiousness and voice, which in turn explained others' perceptions of their ethicality. Conscientiousness was positively related to peer assessments of ethicality via promotive (not prohibitive) voice when hierarchy of authority was lower (but not higher), partially supporting our hypotheses. These results suggest HR practitioners should be cognizant of the differential evaluations of highly conscientious employees in contexts with different levels of hierarchy of authority, and continuing challenges associated with balancing flexibility and formalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating the theory of workplace deviance with person–environment fit theory, we propose a two‐pathway model to explain why and how employees who feel overqualified engage in time theft behavior. Specifically, we anticipate that feeling overqualified will negatively influence focal employees' experienced authority fairness and erode their work meaningfulness, which in turn will lead to increased time theft behavior. Further, we argue that voice endorsement serves as a key boundary condition mitigating the negative effects of perceived overqualification. We conducted two multi‐waved and multi‐sourced field studies to test our proposed hypotheses. Study 1 (247 employees and 47 supervisors) revealed that perceived overqualification is associated with time theft behavior through the mediators of experienced authority fairness and meaningfulness. Study 2 (405 employees and 73 supervisors) replicated the findings of Study 1 and tested our full model. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This short reflection on forty years of the UK's History and Philosophy of Geography group reflects on the poetics of geographical knowledge. Whilst histories of geography have diverged from philosophies of geography over recent years, the intervention proposes that a useful avenue of enquiry for future work is to develop fuller historical and philosophical accounts of the forms and poetics of geographical writing. This includes: philosophical reflection on form and space; historical studies of the varying forms, styles, and poetics of geographical knowledge; and active experiments with formal aspects of writing. Through a short reflection on the ethics of Jean-Marie Guyau (a sociologist whose naturalist and vitalist ethics had an important influence on anarchist geographers) the paper proposes an approach to the authority of geographical texts that is animated by an anomic ethos that is: genetic; affirmative; and generous. • Proposes an agenda for future histories and philosophies of geography based on experimental genealogical analyses of form and aesthetics. • Explores the different forms of authority co-constructed through the forms, styles and genres of geographical writing. • Argues that a productive space of intersection between history and philosophy of geography can be found in a revitalised genealogical study of the forms and aesthetics of geographical writing. • Draws on Jean-Marie Guyau's vitalist ethics to argue for a genealogical approach to ethics of history and philosophy of geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to theories on ideological differences, individuals who endorse the values of freedom, justice, and equality are expected to be left-wing oriented, whereas individuals who endorse authoritarian values are expected to be right-wing oriented. I hypothesize that such associations do not hold in the Arab world, where in the context of past state formation trajectories, leftists and secularists endorsed an authoritarian-nationalist discourse to build post-colonial states, while Islamists endorsed a freedom-and-justice discourse as a reaction to state oppression. Using original representative face-to-face survey data collected right after the 2019 Tunisian elections, I test this hypothesis by examining which values determine citizens' voting behavior in both parliamentary and presidential elections. Results show that people who endorse liberty-and-justice values are more likely to vote for Islamist right-wing parties, whereas those who endorse authoritarian-nationalist values are more likely to vote for leftist parties. These results have important implications for the study of voting behavior in the Arab world and in comparative politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introduction presents the context in which digital participatory biodiversity science has developed. After describing its basic operating model and how it is affecting scientific practice, the text suggests that a science and technology studies perspective may shed light on some of the issues raised by new ways of doing biodiversity science. It highlights issues of authority and expertise, different modes of representation and visibility, and the importance of infrastructure. Finally, the introduction briefly describes each of the four papers in the special section and draws parallels among them. Digital technologies blur previous clear-cut dichotomies between producers and users of data and reconfigure the distribution of agency among living beings and technologies. They connect local practices and achievements of biodiversity monitoring with extended outcomes, produced by the transposition, and adaptation of practices or the interoperability of data in larger infrastructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high predictive accuracy of contemporary machine learning-based AI systems has led some scholars to argue that, in certain cases, we should grant them epistemic expertise and authority over humans. This approach suggests that humans would have the epistemic obligation of relying on the predictions of a highly accurate AI system. Contrary to this view, in this work we claim that it is not possible to endow AI systems with a genuine account of epistemic expertise. In fact, relying on accounts of expertise and authority from virtue epistemology, we show that epistemic expertise requires a relation with understanding that AI systems do not satisfy and intellectual abilities that these systems do not manifest. Further, following the Distribution Cognition theory and adapting an account by Croce on the virtues of collective epistemic agents to the case of human-AI interactions we show that, if an AI system is successfully appropriated by a human agent, a hybrid epistemic agent emerges, which can become both an epistemic expert and an authority. Consequently, we claim that the aforementioned hybrid agent is the appropriate object of a discourse around trust in AI and the epistemic obligations that stem from its epistemic superiority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces the informal institutionalization of the Norwegian Haugian revival during the first decades of the nineteenth century. The revival was the first nationwide popular movement in Norway and flourished in the footsteps of its protagonist Hans Nielsen Hauge (1771–1824). Lay preaching in religious assemblies was a core activity among the Haugians from the inception of the revival. As part of the institutionalization process, beliefs and practices related to lay ministry were both established and adapted. Although the institutionalization involved a significant break with previous teaching and practice, the Haugians themselves saw the adaptation of beliefs and practices mainly as a story of continuity, maintaining that the revival essentially remained the same. I argue that acknowledging both the changes in beliefs and practices, on the one hand, and the Haugians' claim to remaining the same, on the other hand, are key to understanding the development of the revival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, agents working in positions of authority within health sector organisations shared their perspectives concerning both the involvement of experts by experience with intellectual disabilities within their own organisations and their recommendations as to how best to involve experts by experience in policy and practice. Method: Using purposive sampling, eight agents were selected for semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: The results indicated the importance of involving experts by experience. However, they also highlighted several barriers such as a lack of emphasis on genuine attention, insufficient visibility and recognition of expertise, and a lack of support for sustainable inclusion. Conclusions: Agents are willing to involve experts by experience in health sector organisations, but practical challenges hindered them from actually doing so. This study emphasises the importance to find solutions for better inclusion in policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term 'zero responder' was initially devised in 2010 to describe those passing by or unharmed in a mass casualty incident, who provide life-saving care for injured persons before qualified professionals arrive. This review aims to determine how the literature defines the role of the zero responder and to explore how they can be better integrated into the emergency response. Current definitions of the zero responder in a medical setting were found through a literature search of several databases and online libraries using defined search terms. Additionally, a manual search of citations in included articles was performed to yield more results. In total, 16 papers defining the zero responder were included. These definitions were evaluated, and a revised definition was suggested to clarify the role in a medical setting relating to mass casualty incidents. The role of the zero responder can be facilitated through authority recognition and adequate equipment provision. Familiarisation with the term and role of zero responders among ambulance services is essential for effective collaboration. Further research and clarity on the integration of these two groups is necessary to facilitate effective and safe working between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this chapter, we examine the negative impact of excessive teacher entitlement on school life. We argue that teacher entitlement goes beyond individual traits, intricately linked to sociocultural processes and power dynamics within and outside educational institutions. The focus is on theoretical foundations to understand pedagogical practices in science education, highlighting two key components contributing to excessive teacher entitlement. First, we discuss the relationship between teachers and scientific knowledge, emphasising that a narrow view of science may create a strong hierarchical dynamic in classrooms, with teachers positioned as knowledgeable authorities and neglecting students' needs. Second, the organisation of interaction between teachers and students is explored, emphasising how teachers perceive and wield authority. We recognise the limitations of common critiques of authority in science education, as they may lead to excessive indulgence or indifference. We propose a teaching framework based on cultural-historical activity theory to address or prevent excessive teacher entitlement in science classrooms. While acknowledging the phenomenon's complexity, the framework is presented as a pedagogical reorientation addressing identified underpinnings. The study concludes by suggesting that the proposed framework, grounded in science education experiences, could serve as a foundation for understanding and addressing excessive teacher entitlement across various academic fields. We suggest that the authoritative teacher style aims to balance extremes, providing an alternative to authoritarianism while avoiding carelessness. Additionally, the scientific-cultural inquiry promotes a pluralist approach to knowledge, challenging the notion of absolute truth in science education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article compares and analyzes the common structural features of apex courts in legal systems that exemplify judicial supremacy. Topics discussed include foundations of apex courts, scheme of government authority, independence and representation in apex courts, subcategories of apex courts, and correlation between the structural features of an apex court and its social, historical, constituent, constitutional, legal, model of democracy and political environment.

Aim. To understand the current situation of upward bullying in the Chinese nursing field and explore the manifestations, reasons, and outcomes of upward bullying experienced by Chinese nurse managers. Background. Workplace bullying, a serious social problem, is characterised by recurring incidents of intimidating, aggressive, and hostile behaviour. Bullying in the nursing profession exhibits all or some of the above traits. The evidence of upward bullying by subordinate nurses against nurses in positions of authority or power is limited in China. Methods. This qualitative study was conducted with semistructured, in‐depth interviews involving 12 hospital nurse managers in Wuhan, Hubei Province, between June and August 2023. The data were analysed using the Colaizzi seven‐step analysis method with Nvivo 12.0 software as a support. Results. We grouped our findings into three main categories: manifestations of upward bullying; reasons for upward bullying; and outcomes of upward bullying. Conclusions. Nurse managers in China are exposed to upward bullying in many forms and for complex reasons. More emphasis needs to be given to creating a positive work environment for them to facilitate their managerial role. Implications for Nursing Management. This study probes the realities of upward bullying against Chinese nurse managers and highlights the need for managers to develop the skills needed to identify, manage, and prevent bullying from subordinates. By contributing to the development of interventions and strategies that address workplace bullying, this study shows promise for enhancing managerial effectiveness and improving the nursing practice environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The number of patients seeking medical care is increasing, necessitating more access to primary healthcare services. As several of these patients usually present with complex medical conditions, the need for interprofessional collaboration (IPC) among health professionals in primary care is necessary. IPC is essential for facing the increasing and challenging healthcare demands. Therefore, the facilitators of and the barriers to IPC should be studied in the hope that the results will be used to promote such endeavors. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the perspectives of different health professionals regarding the facilitators of and the barriers to IPC in the primary healthcare settings in Qatar. Methods: A qualitative study using focus groups was conducted within the Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) in Qatar. Several health professionals were invited to participate in the focus groups. The focus groups were uniprofessional for general practitioners (GPs), nurses, and dentists, while they were interprofessional for the other health professionals. Focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim and validated by the research team. The data were analyzed by deductive thematic analysis using the "Gears" Conceptual Model as a coding framework. Results: Fourteen focus groups were conducted involving 58 participants (including 17 GPs, 12 nurses, 15 pharmacists, 3 dentists, and 11 allied health professionals) working in PHCC in Qatar. The findings revealed a spectrum of factors influencing IPC, categorized into four main domains: Macro, Meso, Micro, and individual levels, with each accompanied by relevant barriers and facilitators. Key challenges identified included a lack of communication skills, insufficient professional competencies, and power imbalances, among others. To address these challenges, recommendations were made to implement dedicated training sessions on IPC, reduce hierarchical barriers among different health professionals, and enhance the effectiveness of existing systems. Conversely, it was emphasized that projects and campaigns focused on IPC, alongside the development of enhanced communication skills and the presence of supportive leadership, as essential for facilitating effective IPC in PHCCs. Conclusion: The interplay between the meso, macro, micro, and individual levels highlight the significance of a multifaceted approach to interventions, aiming to enhance the successes of IPC. While initiatives like interprofessional education training are underway, numerous challenges persist before achieving improved collaboration and more efficient integration of IPC in the PHCC setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework to describe facilitators’ use of power in facilitation practice. Facilitators are mainly, in theory as well as in practice, described as neutral power sharers. This reductive understanding of the role of facilitators is problematic as it hides the influence that these practitioners have over the process and outcome of collaborative governance. Analyzing two Swedish collaborative governance processes, we develop a framework that sheds light on facilitators’ use of power. The framework includes three alternative power moves that facilitators can make: sequencing, framing and concluding. Facilitators’ attempts to make these moves are, in the framework, located on a continuum between authority and argumentation in the following positions: authority, tempered authority, tempered argumentation and argumentation. This paper contributes to the facilitation and collaborative governance literatures by providing a conceptual framework applicable for further research into facilitators’ use of power, as well as for developing facilitation handbooks and training programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an examination of a corpus comprising 244 letters authored by Chinese women residing in Wangxia, a rural district within Guangdong province, to their emigrant family members settled in Arizona, the United States from the 1910s to 1920s, this article posits that the phenomenon of being left-behind constituted a pivotal catalyst for the social and economic empowerment of women within rural contexts, fostering heightened self-awareness and autonomy. These accounts of their personal experiences, emotions, and reflections on gender relations document the awakening initiative and self-empowerment of ordinary women in the first half of the twentieth century. On the one hand, the absence of male authority in the family caused by the exclusive emigration of males out of villages created space and conditions for women’s independence and autonomy; on the other hand, transnational epistolary communications with emigrants empowered these women to control remittances and enabled them to increase their families’ fortunes, which further stimulated their desire for economic independence and education. These women’s letters offer rich historical testimony to the reality that an awareness of gender equality and female empowerment were the result of the Chinese women’s own initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing frailty or a medical crisis threatens older people's autonomy. Further threats may arise from adult children if such changes or events are perceived as permitting or signalling a need to assume greater control over their parent's life. In the context of reablement—a time‐limited intervention seeking to help older people regain their confidence and ability to live as independently as possible—this is observed in cases where adult children resist, or seek to sabotage, reablement. This runs counter to the notion of family being a valuable resource and partner to reablement services in achieving the desired outcomes. Notions of autonomy and legitimate authority, which often co‐occur in care relationships, provide a useful lens to understand this phenomenon. The aims of this study were to explore reablement staff's accounts of the ways adult children seek to assume control over their parents' reablement, and how they manage such situations. We undertook a secondary analysis of a qualitative dataset comprising transcripts of 11 focus groups with staff (n = 78) in five reablement services in England and Wales conducted for the purposes of a study investigating the factors affecting older people's engagement with reablement. Staff's accounts included descriptions of the different ways adult children can seek to exert control over the reablement process. Staff believed that, when aware this was happening, older people ceded control to their child(ren) because preserving the relationship with their child(ren) was a greater priority than maximising their independence. Staff's descriptions of the different strategies they used to protect family relationships whilst supporting the older person's autonomy shed light on the skills reablement staff require. Findings support person‐centred approaches to reablement which understand and respond to the wider family context. They also point to possible limitations or gaps in workforce training and supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social inequities in the healthcare system threaten global health. Efforts to establish equity in healthcare is a key goal of healthcare systems worldwide. Social justice is a basic value of the nursing profession that always merits attention. Objective: This study aimed to identify and explain the processes of the nursing profession's participation in establishing social justice in healthcare system. Research design and methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the grounded theory method. Participants and research context: Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured, individual interviews with 26 participants, 23 of whom were members of the nursing profession. Sampling started purposefully and, then, continued with theoretical sampling. Field notes were also taken for data collection. Data analysis was performed using Corbin and Strauss' 2015 method. Ethical considerations: The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of Urmia University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Findings: The "Professional Dynamics in the Path of Justice" was the study's core category. This theory is the result of nine main categories: "inefficient professional authority," "social justice, a neglected component in education," "clinical concerns, barriers to nurses' presence in society," "individual input reserves to facilitate social justice," "inadequate maturity of the profession in the path of equity in health," "promoting justice in clinical practice," "a tendency to community-oriented profession," "use of personal approaches for justice promotion," and "emerging justice-expanding nursing." These categories cover the underlying factors, strategies, and outcomes of the nursing profession's participation in establishing social justice process in healthcare. Conclusion: The theory of professional dynamics in the path of justice can be used as a practical guide to describe the role of nurses in establishing social justice. Further studies with a quantitative approach to applying this theory are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Military gendarmes are frequently exposed to events with traumatic impact, with negative effects on emotional and physical health. The present research aims to analyse the effectiveness of Military Resilience Training (MRTR), a psychological intervention programme developed to reduce perceived stress, increase the perception of adaptive resources and strengthen resilience. Ninety‐eight participants who met the inclusion criteria were enroled in a single‐blind randomized controlled trial. The psychological training programme was implemented in the intervention group (n = 48) for a duration of 5 months. The participants in the control group (n = 50) were scheduled to start the training later. The levels of perceived stress, adaptive resources and resilience were measured in all participants, from the intervention and the control group, before and after the intervention, and at a 3‐month follow‐up. The effects of the intervention (Cohen's d) were very high for adaptive resources (d = 0.99), self‐schemes (d = 1.33), family support (d = 0.70), and partner support (d = 0.66), average for resilience (d = 0.53) and stress (d = 0.49), with very high effects on military task demands (d = 1.19) and averages for friction with authority (d = 0.51). The effects were obtained only in the intervention group, and all gains were maintained at follow‐up. This study provides evidence of the effectiveness of MRTR, a psychological intervention implemented in the military gendarmerie population. In the short and long term, MRTR has significant effects in reducing perceived stress, increasing the perception of adaptive resources and strengthening the resilience of military gendarmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article comprehensively examines Donald Trump's political leadership, arguing that his tenure as the 45th President of the United States exhibited characteristics commonly associated with authoritarian mob bosses. Drawing upon various empirical evidence and theoretical political science frameworks, the study sheds light on the underlying dynamics that shaped Trump's leadership style and its implications for democratic governance. The analysis begins by contextualizing Trump's rise to power within the erosion of democratic norms. It explores how his rhetoric, characterized by demagoguery and the demonization of opponents, mirrors the tactics employed by mob bosses to consolidate their power and suppress dissent. Moreover, the study uncovers the striking similarities between Trump's administration management and the hierarchical structures of organized crime, highlighting his reliance on loyalty, personal connections, and a disregard for institutional checks and balances. Furthermore, this research delves into Trump's autocratic tendencies, as evidenced by his disdain for the free press, attacks on the judiciary, and attempts to undermine the integrity of democratic processes. It reveals how these actions align with the strategies employed by authoritarian leaders to silence opposition and perpetuate their dominance. By examining Trump's presidency through process tracing, this study contributes to our understanding of the complex relationship between authoritarianism and the erosion of democratic institutions. The findings underscore the urgent need for continued scholarly and public scrutiny of leaders who exhibit traits akin to authoritarian mob bosses to safeguard the principles of democratic governance and protect the integrity of liberal democracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the Huainanzi (The Master of Huainan), this article delineates an ancient Chinese understanding of distributed leadership. Accordingly, distributed leadership advocates the distribution of task that combines responsibility and authority; and the harmonious co-existence of the empowerment of others and positional authority. The distribution of responsibility and authority is undertaken by an exemplary leader who inspires others through one's moral character and influence. Furthermore, distributed leadership infuses responsibility with positional, social and moral authority; harmonises the personal and interpersonal qualities of leaders; and reinforces rational persuasion with role-modelling by the leaders. The notion of distributed leadership that is informed by the Huainanzi contributes to the existing literature by addressing a prominent challenge and a prevailing misconception concerning this leadership construct. In addition, the proposed account guides leaders to revamp organisational structure, implement staff deployment policies and lead on the basis of fairness and moral leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do cultural critics in the digital age convince audiences that their writings are valuable? What discursive strategies do they employ to construct their authority? And which differences can we see between professional critics working in institutionalized media and amateur critics contributing to online platforms? This article presents an in-depth analysis of book reviews by different critics to answer these questions. The results indicate that long-standing critical strategies are still largely intact: both professional and amateur critics construct authority by analyzing the book, contextualizing the book and discussing its reception, suggesting that amateurs have adopted to a large degree the skill sets of professionals. At the same time, amateur critics distinguish themselves by a pronounced presence of their personal experience in their reviews. This could point to a new way of constructing authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facilitators of collaborative governance structure communication between stakeholders. They influence the process and, in some instances, also the outcome of collaborative governance. Even so, facilitators are, in the literature and in practice, most often reduced to being neutral or seen merely as power sharers. This reductive understanding obscures facilititators' use of power. The purpose of this paper is to outline a nuanced understanding of authority in facilitation practice. We analyse a Swedish collaborative governance process where a governmental agency facilitates collaboration between actors with conflicting interests. We combine the work of Hannah Arendt and Mark Warren to study authority as relationally performed. We find that facilitators' use of power takes the form of a pendulum movement between authority and argumentation. Hence, authority and argumentation are linked, rather than incompatible, in facilitation practice. This paper sheds new light on the unrecognised, and yet influential, leadership role that facilitators play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study articulates the authority of penabuhs in interpreting musical patterns because it has never been elaborated on in any research topic. It is vital because penabuhs have a considerable role in the existence of Balinese gamelan from time to time. That is, no Balinese gamelan exists without the involvement of penabuhs in it. The penabuh's authority was examined from two eras of Balinese gamelan development, which aims to determine the differences in penabuh's authority in the two eras, namely the middle and new eras. Therefore, research uses an ethnographic approach. Data collection was conducted through interviews with Balinese gamelan penabuhs. Gajah Nongklang and Jaya Semara are data samples representing the composition of the Middle and New Eras. Aims to identify how changing times, both in the middle era and the new era, influence the way musicians interpret and execute musical patterns in Balinese karawitan. The study results concluded that the authority of penabuhs in the middle era was more significant than in the new era. The middle-era penabuhs had a role in interpreting melody, rhythm, tempo, and dynamics. Therefore, penabuhs are also consumed as composers. In the new era, on the other hand, the authority to interpret these patterns is the composer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine how the authority of investors to speak about climate change with corporations is established. Leveraging the 'communication as constitutive of organisations' (CCO) perspective, we analyse who speaks on behalf of whom (or what) in shareholder engagement on corporate carbon emissions. Based on access to private dialogues between an engager acting on behalf of a pool of investors with 20 utility corporations, we identify how three authoritative personae—that of diplomat, advocate, and coach—convey climate change concerns. We find that the mirroring of these authoritative personae by corporations may lead to deliberation, evasion, or rejection of the suggested courses of action. We theorise how relational authority is communicatively constituted in shareholder engagement through a process of mirroring and switching between authoritative personae. Our framework contributes to the study of CCO and relational authority by highlighting how meta-figures are used by external actors in an attempt to author appropriate corporate actions. We discuss the implications of our framework for the role of shareholder engagement in current attempts at greening financial capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the role of strategic leadership groups in radical organisational change. Previous research has focused on how 'heroic' individual leaders guide change. In contrast, we argue that strategic leadership groups are indispensable to understanding and supporting radical organisational change. Building on a longitudinal study in a global European company, our research identifies four phases of 'negotiated order' that shape group and organisational responses to change. Our findings reveal that strategic leadership groups help manage emotions and understand the shifting authority relations that inevitably arise during periods of change. Drawing upon the psychoanalytic concept of 'projective identification', we develop a theoretical framework for understanding the tensions of change. The model shows how emotional coalitions that develop in strategic leadership groups afford a source of political and psychological containment against the anxieties of radical organisational change. These formations offer transitional spaces for change, providing opportunities for progress. The advantage of this new perspective on radical change is that it helps to move the organisation beyond periods of ambivalence and conflict, with positive implications for leadership practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Educational Studies (1673-1298) is the property of Journal of Educational Studies Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The nature of state governance in consolidated liberal democracies has important implications for the ideal theory debate. The states of these societies are polycentric. Decision-making power within them is disaggregated across multiple sites. This rules out one major justification for ideal theory. On this influential view, the ideal furnishes a blueprint of the morally perfect society that we should strive to realise. This justification is not viable in consolidated liberal democracies because their states lack an Archimedean point from which the institutional structure as a whole can be designed to accord with the true ideal – whichever it might be. However, knowledge of the ideal can still aid agents in those societies to determine the worth of more modest political objectives other than the ideal itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1990s, the number and international authority of regional organizations (ROs) have increased significantly. Former national decisions are increasingly being taken at the regional level, affecting governance in (democratically constituted) member states. Brexit demonstrated that democratic legitimacy could play a central role for ROs. As states have different (power) resources and political cultures and often do not benefit equally from their membership, democratic legitimacy likely varies between RO member states. This contribution provides a measurement of the democratic legitimacy of a RO's governance in member states in a selected policy field. The newly developed analytical model can be applied to various ROs and is based on input, throughput, and output legitimacy and the empirical acceptance of a RO and its processes. The requirements for democratic legitimacy vary with the authority and intervention of a RO vis-à-vis its member states, and the concept of democracy contained in input legitimacy is oriented towards the normative core of democracy. This analytical approach aims to highlight and compare the democratic legitimacy of various members of a RO in new or established policy fields and contribute to the discussion on why a member state leaves a RO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paul Bowles's literary productions, both factual and fictional, were significantly influenced by Moroccan culture, where he resided for over half a century. Despite facing harsh criticism, particularly as postcolonial critique gained prominence in literary circles, Bowles gave life to a collection of stories and life histories from a distinctly Moroccan perspective. Issues of (mis)representation, Orientalism, authority, and authorship of translated works were central to the controversy. This paper delves into the portrayal of self and other within Bowles's translation of life stories and fiction by his Moroccan collaborators, Choukri, Layachi, and Mrabet. Their narratives are examined in the context of Tangier's multicultural environment, where sexual, socio-cultural, ethnic, and religious identities are perpetually questioned and negotiated. The paper argues that through collaborative translation, Bowles allowed marginalised voices from the underground of Moroccan society to emerge, subverting stereotypical images perpetuated by colonial hegemony and elitist nationalist discourses. By investigating issues pertaining to (mis)representation, Orientalism, authority, and authorship within these translated works, the study sheds light on the power dynamics and complexities inherent in cross-cultural literary encounters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both individuals and groups sometimes make use of proxy agents who perform actions on their behalf. Although these kinds of actions are vital to our social and political lives, they raise deep questions about agency and responsibility. One concern is whether and in what ways a principal can be responsible for actions performed by way of their proxy. I argue here that two conditions are necessary if a principal is to be considered responsible for such actions in a deep sense. First the proxy must be properly authorised, and second the action performed must cohere with the principal's deliberative perspective. A consequence of this is that successful proxies will often be those who learn to adopt and act from the perspective of the principal they represent. The capacity to reason from the perspective of another individual or group is therefore of great importance in the work of spokespersons and other proxies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the role that local health departments (LHDs) have in cross sector can address alone, including the work of value alignment and the strategic use of organizational authorities. The practices by which LHDs used their authorities to conduct cross-sector work during the pandemic need exploration. Method: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 public health leaders from metropolitan LHDs across the United States. Our interview guide assessed the values that LHD leadership prioritized in their cross-sector work as well as the range of organizational authorities they leveraged to influence external decision-making in other sectors. Results: We found that LHDs approached cross-sector work by leaning on diverse values and authorities, each with unique implications for their work. The LHDs emphasized their approach to value alignment on a sector-by-sector basis, strategically using diverse organizational authorities—economic, political, moral, scientific, and logistical. While each authority and value we assessed was present across all interviewees, how each shaped action varied. Internally, LHDs emphasized certain authorities more than others to the degree that they more closely aligned with prioritized core values. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the ongoing need for LHD leadership to improve their ability to effectively communicate public health values and the unique authorities by which health-supporting work can be facilitated, including how this message must be adapted, depending on the specific sectors with which the LHD needs to partner and the governance arrangement in which the LHD is situated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay takes a radical-relational perspective on systemic, institutional, and individual leadership. It identifies the function of intersectionality and feminism in decoding normative mindsets in leadership. Then, using the ideas of power, authority, and responsibility, the author describes the relational psychodynamics between the powerful and the vulnerable. Two examples are offered to illustrate how these dynamics operate. The first describes mental health provision in the United Kingdom, and the second is a personal example from the author's experiences as a young teacher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Zealand Rugby (NZR) implemented a concussion management pathway (CMP) to improve management at the community level. Physiotherapists play an important role in the CMP. This study explored physiotherapists' experiences in the management of community rugby-related concussion as part of the CMP. We adopted a pragmatic, descriptive qualitative approach to explore perceptions of twenty-four physiotherapists involved in the CMP. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data. Four themes represented participants' experiences: 1) 'walking the tight rope between player welfare and performance' described the balancing act between different attitudes and priorities of the various rugby stakeholders; 2) empowering physiotherapists' authority and responsibilities, described the influence of physiotherapists' authority within the team and concussion management responsibilities; 3) multi-directional communication, described the role of communication between multiple stakeholders; and 4) the influence of context, which included the complexity of concussion, concussion knowledge of the physiotherapists and team, resource support for the physiotherapist, and access to a medical doctor. Physiotherapists had positive attitudes toward the CMP and are well-positioned to play an active role in the pathway. Priorities of other stakeholders, authority of the physiotherapist and the communication flow influences physiotherapists' ability to optimally manage players with concussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on Paul Tyson's A Christian Theology of Science: Reimaging a Theological Vision of Natural Knowledge. Topics include highlighting its challenge to the "Templeton Paradigm" which attempts to harmonize science and religion without critical examination of science's authority; and metaphysical and theological presuppositions within science, and the category mistake of treating divine and natural agency as belonging to the same order.

Within the last decades, a new way of policymaking has become increasingly prominent: civic hackathons. However, in education policy research, hackathons have not been broadly addressed so far. With this article, we contribute to closing this research gap by empirically investigating the educational #wirfürschule (#wfs) Hackathons that took place in Germany between June 2020 and 2021 as well as their organizing initiative #wfs. As a methodological framework, we hereby draw on social topology. This methodology offers a promising toolbox to get hold of the multiple dynamics and digital platforms of hackathons as well as to address the nuances of such new education policy practices. By applying a topological lens, the aim of this article is to analyze how the spacetimes enacted in, through and around the #wfs Hackathons contribute to new relational ways of policymaking and power shifts in education governance. As our analysis showed, the #wfs Hackathons operated through enabling relational proximity and presence as well as through creating relational distance, by enacting spacetimes that reconfigured traditional policy sites, actors and categories, while supporting new authorities in education policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarship from the nascent subfield of Indigenous politics illuminates an enduring tension between Indigenous politics and political science. Settler colonialism continues to configure the contemporary politics of the United States, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia in profound ways that political science has been slow to grapple with. In a related concern, political science has little ability to engage in Indigenous knowledge production. This article reviews the structural exclusion of Indigenous knowledge despite increased inclusion of Indigenous scholarship and argues that Indigenous understandings of settler colonialism, sovereignty, and authority hold the potential to reconfigure political science's approach to Indigenous politics in research and teaching. This reconfiguration will not only impact the development of the Indigenous politics subfield but also expand the analytic potential of political science more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expanding upon Duckitt's dual‐process motivational model of ideology and prejudice (DPM; Duckitt, 2001), this research explores the psychological underpinnings of the approval of hostile design (AoHD) measures. Hostile design measures are interventions designed to deter undesirable behaviours and specific social groups in urban areas. Across three correlational studies (N = 798) conducted in Germany and the US, we investigated the relationship between AoHD, Right‐Wing Authoritarianism (RWA), Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), as well as dangerous and competitive worldviews. AoHD was positively associated with RWA and SDO, as well as with dangerous and competitive worldviews. In line with the DPM, the relationship between a competitive worldview and AoHD is mediated by SDO in Studies 2 and 3. In addition, the relationship between a dangerous worldview and AoHD is mediated by RWA in Study 2 but not in Study 3. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there have been reports of children without placement (CWOP) in foster care, often resulting in youth sleeping in hotels or child protective service offices. This study explored perspectives of the current crisis among child welfare practitioners who managed CWOP cases. We conducted interviews with 11 child welfare practitioners who had graduated from two universities in a Southern state. Themes aligned with the trauma-informed framework and highlighted challenges related to organizational climate, workforce development, and trauma-informed services. Implications include strategies for cross-sector collaboration, specific training, and continued research to support a healthy, trauma-informed workforce that can better meet youth needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disputes over the transfer of land ownership rights through sales often arise in the community due to Indonesia's land registration system, which follows a negative system. This system allows for multiple legal defects in registered land rights certificates, potentially leading to cancellation requests. This research addresses two main issues: the authority of the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) in handling land cases and the form of legal protection for land rights holders whose transfers are cancelled. This normative legal research employs a statutory and case approach, using document studies for data collection and analyzing the data through descriptive methods and legal analogies (argumentum per analogy). The study concludes that the ATR/BPN's authority in handling land cases is outlined in Permen ATR/BPN No. 21 of 2020. The agency offers two alternatives for resolving disputes: judicial settlement for court decisions and mediation for a win-win solution and peace agreement. Additionally, legal protection for land rights holders, particularly third parties with certificates cancelled due to administrative defects, can be provided both preventively and repressively to ensure legal certainty and protection for all parties involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the twelfth century, certain thinkers in the north of Europe were exalting human reason in a manner that had not been seen since the time of the ancient philosophers. Adelard of Bath, William of Conches, Thierry of Chartres and Peter Abelard all championed ratio in a way that seemed to challenge the hegemony of learning that rested securely with the authority of scripture, the testament of the Fathers and the canons of the established councils. In so doing, it represented a significantly different approach from the firmly established 'authors' (auctores) as certain scholars pursued their learning, and indeed even divine ascent, via other avenues. Even the visionary Hildegard von Bingen set enormous stock in rationality. This paper will discuss the use of reason for the anagogic ascent to the divine in order to trace its roots to a Platonic understanding of the universe in tandem with a highly positive anthropology that allowed for a bold reassessment of human capabilities, as well as a new appreciation of nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though the effectiveness of community pharmacists in helping customers to reduce weight has been evident, few pharmacists provided weight management services (WMS). To drive community pharmacist WMS provision, factors affecting their intention and WMS provision were important to be investigated. The present study aimed to explore relationships among pharmacist authority, perceived customer obstruction, WMS performance support, obstacles, and facilitators with intention to provide WMS and WMS rovision using structural equation modeling (WMS. Self-administered questionnaires were utilized to collect data from 302 Thai community pharmacists from December 2022 to March 2023. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to explore the influencing factors on pharmacist WMS intention and WMS provision. Pharmacist authority (r = 0.35), WMS performance support (r = 0.24), and facilitators (r = 0.22) were significantly correlated with community pharmacist WMS provision. Pharmacist authority (r = 0.50), facilitators (r = 0.46), and WMS performance support (r = 0.42) were significantly correlated with community pharmacist intention to provide WMS e structural equation model (SEM), pharmacist authority (β = 0.34) and intention (β = 0.16) significantly influenced WMS provision (R2 = 0.20). Authority (β = 0.49) and WMS performance support (β = 0.28) significantly influenced pharmacist intention to WMS (R2 = 0.42). The model from empirical data indicated a good fit with the hypothetical model (p -value = 0.000, Comparatively Fit Index = 0.9, and Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.878). Pharmacist authority had direct effects with both their intention to provide WMS and WMS provision. WMS performance support had a direct effect on intention to provide WMS and an indirect effect on WMS provision. Facilitators also had significant correlations with intention to provide WMS and WMS provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at analysing the selected text i.e. a charge sheet letter, from three different dimensions-interpersonal (modality), ideational (transitivity) and textual (theme) (Halliday, 1994). The selected text is a charge sheet issued to an employee of a public-sector university in Peshawar for his non-compliance with prescribed terms of his duty. The selected text falls into two parts: the first part deals with the allegations levelled against the addressee for his failure to attend to his duties; the second part deals with penalties that might befall him in wake of his 'disobedience'. The study offers a clause-wise qualitative textual analysis of the charge sheet and also anonymises the data by removing all references to the identity of the addressee or the workplace. The findings offer an insight into what Halliday calls 'understanding' of the text which in Hallidayan terms refers to the meaning(s), alternatives, and ambiguities. The analysis of the language of the charge sheet is focused on the construal of authority, control, and agency through the lexicogrammatical resources. Our investigation highlights the way the writer employs language as a resource of realizing power and authority in a legal text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Set in the tradition of museum ethnography, this article looks at museum participation through the lens of labor. Based primarily on interview material, it analyzes the lengthy—and laborious—participatory process behind the creation of "Berlin Global," an exhibition at the Humboldt Forum in Berlin, Germany. The authors explore three aspects of participation related to labor, as identified in their research: the different types of knowledge and experience that participants bring with them, the organization of the participatory work process, and the presentation of the participants' contributions within the exhibition. The authors argue that because museum participation tends to be viewed as an act of civic duty, individually and socially meaningful, the different kinds of labor involved in it are often overlooked, resulting in power imbalances between curators and their external partners. A greater awareness of the labor demanded by participatory work is able to address this problem, decreasing the number of frictions and tensions, and thus making mutual beneficiality, participation's main goal, more achievable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of historical arguments in legal reasoning today is relatively rare and often superficial. The aim of the paper is to clarify whether the situation can be changed and whether this would be useful for the interpretation of codified private law. In the author’s view, a change in this direction will be possible and justified when historical arguments are made available in a way that is clearly linked to issues of contemporary practice and is addressed to lawyers who believe in the existence of objective premises of rationality in law and are open to including historical arguments into topical reasoning in order to support a solution that he or she considers legitimate. The author believes that the best way for making historical arguments available for such a purpose is a historical commentary on the Civil Code. The article presents a conception for such a commentary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Israel's Youth Law (Care and Supervision), 1960 grants social workers power, authority and responsibility to intervene to protect minors at risk. But female social workers in Israel's Arab population function in a traditional society in which women's power is often labelled as negative and unfeminine, and power is primarily seen as indicating masculinity. Moreover, the law is perceived as symbolising the Israeli establishment, which the Arab population has experienced as ignoring its substantive problems, such as violence and crime. In this context, a qualitative study using a semi-structured interview was conducted among twenty female Arab social workers employed in Israeli welfare bureaus under the above-mentioned Youth Law, in an attempt to understand the meaning of power for them. The analysis of the findings revealed that some participants used different terminology from the others in describing the power granted them by the law and that this terminology affected how they fulfilled their role, the relation between them and the population they served and their relations with the service users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I show how a group of Iranian Muslims in Trump-era rural Kentucky conceptualize their Islamic practices in relation to the dominant American social, political, racial, and economic norms to compromise Americanness with Muslimness in order to claim cultural citizenship. Drawing on 14 months of ethnographic fieldwork involving participant observation and in-depth interviews conducted with Iranian-American Muslims in rural Kentucky, I develop an argument regarding how these individuals conceive of Islam differently from the monolithic Islam promoted by both Islamic clerics and the post-9/11 dominant discourse that has racialized Muslims. By examining a theoretical and analytical category that can conceptualize the unauthorized practices of Islam, I explore how Iranian Americans in rural Kentucky negotiate some of the most established Shi'i practices independent from clerics and reconcile their Islamic practices with the sociocultural and religious norms and values of the South rather than pursuing orthodox or heterodox Islam. Iranian Muslims in Kentucky are surrounded by multiple transnational Muslim communities that have created a diasporic condition, empowering them to foster a collective identity not by conforming to homogeneity, but rather by developing a nuanced web of intersecting bonds that unifies them through differentiation while confronting Islamophobia and the Muslim experiences of racialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]