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It is a truth of today's world that there is a growing investment in advancing technological opportunities in education. The literature contains a substantial quantity of research on the integration of digital educational settings that contribute to the development of higher education institutions. However, actual data linking key factors like TPACK (technological pedagogical content knowledge) level and ideas of teaching and learning science is still lacking in the literature. For this purpose, the study was designed to find out how a digital environment affects the development of TPACK. Twenty pre-service chemistry teachers (PCHTs) were chosen for this investigation using the convenience sampling methodology. Mixing qualitative and quantitative methods to collect, analyse, and evaluate data was used in this study. The study's results showed that digital intervention had an impact on how PCHTs used their digital abilities and instructional techniques. It was also found that TPACK scores predicted the association of PCHTs' technological knowledge (TK), pedagogical knowledge (PK), and content knowledge (CK), which eliminated deficiencies in these areas of knowledge as well as in the understanding of TPACK in favor of the synch group. Because of synchronous instruction, students seemed to talk to each other more and build learning experiences that helped each other. Synchronous meetings helped more PCHTs and TPACKs grow. The synch environment helped to develop the relationship between TK, PK, and CK and PCK. In this study, it is recommended that PCHTs have a basic understanding of what digital tools are. Also, the findings of this study are expected to theoretically and practically contribute to the integration of TPACK in online sync and async systems.

Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), with sizes below 2 nm, have emerged as remarkable nanomaterials exhibiting unique optical, electronic, and chemical properties. Their ultra-small size imparts advantageous characteristics, including high surface area, tunable fluorescence, and excellent biocompatibility, making AuNCs highly promising for diverse applications. This article explores recent advancements in leveraging AuNCs to address critical challenges in clean energy storage and environmental remediation. For energy storage, AuNCs boost the performance of Li-based batteries by facilitating rapid electron transfer kinetics and limiting polysulfide shuttling. The review delves into mechanistic insights governing AuNC–hydrogen interactions, various synthetic approaches for tailoring AuNCs, and their emerging applications as advanced electrodes, efficient catalysts, and conductive additives enabling improved charge storage capabilities. Additionally, using plasmonic effects and hot carrier generation induced by AuNCs shows tremendous potential in photocatalytic water splitting for clean hydrogen fuel production. For environmental applications, AuNCs enable the degradation of persistent organic pollutants, heavy metal ion detection at part-per-trillion levels, and solar-driven water purification, relying on plasmon-enhanced hot carrier processes. However, the long-term ecological impacts of AuNCs remain unclear. This study thus underscores the need for further toxicological assessments and life cycle analyses to promote sustainable AuNC-based technologies through responsible research and innovation. Overall, it highlights the versatile applicability of AuNCs in addressing critical energy and environmental challenges.

It might be challenging for pre-service science teachers to apply their theoretical knowledge in the laboratory. Any attempt to shift the perspective in chemistry will necessitate the creation of novel techniques for elucidating theoretical themes. Examining how a virtual chemistry lab has affected the evolution and trend of scientific practice and digital competence throws insight into the far-reaching implications of technology's rapid expansion. For this reason, a total of 64 pre-service science teachers participated in the current study; 34 were assigned to the experimental group and 30 to the control group. The study included semi-structured interviews, a scale for assessing scientific practice, and a digital competence test both before and after the experiment. The results showed that the experimental group, who received their standard chemistry education alongside a VCHL, advanced significantly in their scientific practices and digital competence. The experimental group's time spent in the online chemistry lab was a fascinating learning opportunity. This study is valuable for those planning careers in education because it presents a wide range of tried-and-true approaches, current-events-based applications, and forward-thinking ideas for teaching chemistry via a virtual chemistry lab. The challenges of VCHL deployment have been highlighted, indicating potential for future research.

This paper deals with studying a rare dirham in the name of Ya’la b. Ahmed Al-Yafirny. As this dirham has never been studied before and its being studied for the first time through this paper. This dirham has not bearing date or mint, Ya’la bin Ahmed is one of the men of the Banu Ifran tribe, Banu Ifran an important tribe of Berber dynasty,which is one of the Zenata tribal complex that settled in Morocco and Algeria.That tribe appeared on the scene of events before Islam until the middle of the fifth century AH / eleventh century AD. It is one of the most powerful barbarian tribes that occupied a great position in the Morocco during the Middle Ages, and the tribe of Banu Ifran is attributed to Ifran b. Yaslatin b. Misra b. Zakia b. Warsik b. Al-Dirt b. Jana b. Zenata, and their homeland was initially in Ifriqiya and then spread to many other regions Like the area between Tlemcen and Tiaret, and a large part of them stayed in AL- Andalus. The study of this dirham is very importance, represented in foccus on that historical era of the history of Muslims in North Africa, as well as identifying the relationship of Prince Ya’la b. Ahmed al-Yafirny with the Fatimid Caliphate and the extent of his loyalty to them, and an analytical study of the content of the writings recorded on it, in order to identify some important historical aspects that can only be reached through coinage, to be a new addition to the Islamic coinage that was struck in North Africa, specifically in Morocco.

There is no doubt that women play a vital role in all aspects of economic activities around the globe. However, despite the great efforts that governments have made over the past three decades to increase women’s integration into the labor market, their participation is still relatively low compared to men. On the other hand, economic literature argues that the government can use fiscal policy tools such as tax revenue and spending to decrease gender inequality in the labor market. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of government spending and tax revenue shocks on the female labor force participation rate (the share of women in the total labor force) in Egypt. Annual time-series data were collected from the Central Bank of Egypt and the World Bank from 1990 to 2021, where the vector autoregressive (VAR) model and impulse response functions have been used. The results suggest that government spending and tax revenue shocks increase gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate, female labor force participation, and inflation. Results validated the research hypotheses and showed that a one standard deviation shock to either government spending or tax revenue has a positive impact on female labor force participation. Therefore, the study recommends that using an expansionary fiscal policy may increase the accessibility of Egyptian women to the labor market.