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The reaction of different acyl hydrazines with hexafluoro‐1,4‐napthoquinone was studied for the first time. It was demonstrated that this interaction stops at the substitution of one fluorine atom in the quinone moiety. Based on the observed reaction, a general approach to the synthesis of different pentafluoro‐1,4‐dioxo‐1,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐2‐yl hydrazides was developed. It was revealed that optimal conditions for the condensation of hexafluoro‐1,4‐napthoquinone with hydrazides are reflux in MeOH for 0.25 h; note, the protocol does not require any chromatographic purification of the target products. The method is versatile and makes it possible to prepare products containing various substituents in the aryl part of the molecule. In addition, alkyl and heteroaryl hydrazides can be employed as starting compounds too, and the presence of hydroxy and cyano groups in the applied acyl hydrazines does not interfere with the condensation. The structure of one of the obtained products, namely 4‐chloro‐N□‐(3,5,6,7,8‐pentafluoro‐1,4‐dioxo‐1,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐2‐yl)benzohydrazide, was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. In crystals of this hydrazide, both NH groups form intermolecular hydrogen bonds that give rise to layers lying in the [001] plane. Prepared N'‐(3,5,6,7,8‐pentafluoro‐1,4‐dioxo‐1,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐2‐yl)hydrazides are of interest as redox‐active ligands and precursors for obtaining a wide range of functionalized 1,4‐napthoquinones for medicine chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we developed a metal‐free, photosensitized strategy for difunctionalization of olefin feedstocks to access β‐amino sulphone architectures, enabled by a tailor‐made, readily accessible sulfonylamide bifunctional reagent. This protocol could accommodate a wide range of alkenes and a variety of sulfonylamides, with high yields and excellent regioselectivity. Given remarkably mild reaction conditions, readily accessible starting materials, excellent functional group tolerance, and well‐defined regioselectivity, this approach would enable an efficient platform for the assembly of densely functionalized molecular scaffolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reported herein is a method for the construction of azepino[1,2‐a]indoles via an intramolecular aldehyde–alkyne metathesis of 1‐(5‐aryl‐4‐pentynyl)indole‐2‐carbaldehydes. This Sc(OTf)3‐catalyzed reaction has several remarkable features, such as ready accessibility of the starting materials, broad substrate scope, operational simplicity, and high yields. The practicality of the process and the synthetic potential of the products were demonstrated with an upscaling experiment and downstream synthetic derivatizations of the obtained products. We have also extended this methodology to synthesize a 6,7‐dihydropyrido[1,2‐a]indole derivative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we report a Rh(I)/dppf catalytic system that can tune the regioselectivity of methylenecyclobutanes. Under the optimal reaction conditions, a series of 1,3‐disubstituted cyclobutanes were prepared in high yields (up to 95%) with excellent regioselectivity (>20:1 r.r.). Scale‐up synthesis of the cyclobutane product at a low catalyst loading (2 mol%) demonstrates the robustness of this dppf‐controlled hydroacylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical industry, a cornerstone of the global economy essential for modern life, has raised significant concerns due to its unique nature. Chemical technologies often require high energy inputs, involving ecotoxic reagents thus assessing risks from an economic standpoint becomes complex. While the economic aspects of chemical technologies have been discussed and economic tools have been used to inform investment decisions in this field, many fundamental issues remain unexplored, such as the clear definition of chemical technology economics and the reasons for its importance. The primary contribution of this article is to synthesize insights into these fundamental issues and propose pathways for future research in chemical technology economics. This review is divided into two sections: the first provides an overview of the significance of economic factors in chemical technologies, and the second explores the fundamentals of economics and their application to chemical technology considerations. Our research underscores that economic theories significantly influence the profile of chemical technologies, viewing the chemical sector as a dual asset. First, the sector has a unique opportunity to lead the way in promoting sustainable economic development, and second, it can adopt economic behaviors that align with environmental and societal needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The real implementation of biogas reforming at an industrial scale to obtain interesting products (like hydrogen or syngas) is a developing research field where multidisciplinary teams are continuously adding improvements and innovative technologies. These works can contribute to the proliferation of green technologies where the circular economy and sustainability are key points. To assess the sustainability of these processes, there are different tools like life cycle assessment (LCA), which involves a complete procedure where even small details count to consider a certain technology sustainable or not. The aim of this work was to review works where LCA is applied to different aspects of biogas reforming, focusing on the role of catalysts, which are essential to improve the efficiency of a certain process but can also contribute to its environmental impact. In conclusion, catalysts have an influence on LCA through the improvement of catalytic performance and the impact of their production, whereas other aspects related to biogas or methane reforming could equally affect their catalytic durability or reusability, with a subsequent effect on LCA. Further research about this subject is required, as this is a continuously changing technology with plenty of possibilities, in order to homogenize this research field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A general and atom-efficient synthesis of quinoline-C2-substituted β-hydroxyarylethylamino derivatives was achieved by copper-catalyzed [3+3]-cycloaddition reaction of N -oxide with N -Ts aziridines. Notably, temperature has a huge impact on this transformation as evidenced by the fact that, at 80 °C, exclusively the [3+3] cycloadduct was isolated whereas, at elevated temperature (140 °C), it has been converted into the aminated product with good yield. Notably, there is no byproduct in the overall process. The use of base-free conditions, excellent site selectivity, and good functional group tolerance are the important features of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We successfully constructed an ultrathin Ti3C2Tx supported Pt nanocluster catalyst for highly selective and efficient hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB) to p-chloroaniline (p-CAN) under mild conditions (30 °C, 0.1 MPa H2). The Pt/Ti3C2Tx catalyst displayed a very high conversion (>99%) and selectivity (>99%). In addition, a higher reaction rate (41 mol h–1 g–1) was obtained in comparison with the previously reported catalysts. The excellent catalytic activity of Pt/Ti3C2Tx was attributed to the strong metal–support interactions between Pt nanoclusters and the support, in which the electrons were transferred from Ti3C2Tx to Pt sites, affording a high electron density of Pt active sites. Moreover, the electrostatic repulsion between C–Cl moiety and Pt sites inhibited the dechlorination process. In addition, the Pt/Ti3C2Tx catalyst also exhibited excellent performance in substrate scope (reducible heterocyclics such as pyridine and phthalimide), stability (10th cycles, conversion >99% and selectivity 98%), and gram-scale reaction (99% yield, 1.89 g). This work will promote the research in constructing efficient and highly selective noble metal-based catalysts for hydrogenation of halogenated nitroarenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the synthesis of nanoparticles through the thermal decomposition of single‐source precursors, a method gaining popularity due to its low cost, minimal environmental toxicity, rapidity, scalability, and the ability to form nanoparticles with few defects. Zinc ethyl carbamate was synthesized and characterized using 1H NMR and infrared spectroscopy. Its purity was confirmed through microelemental analysis and melting point determination. The melting point of the complex was determined to be 165 °C. The thermogravimetric analyses indicated a one‐step decomposition of zinc ethyl carbamate with a decomposition onset of of 200 °C, yielding a stable ZnS residue. Further thermal decomposition led to the formation of wurtzite phase ZnS nanoparticles, as evidenced by XRD. SEM micrographs displayed mixed spherical, and cubic unevenly sized, polydispersed nanoparticles, while EDX revealed approximately a 1 : 1 Zn to S ratio. Estimated band gap from the Tauc's plot gave 3.93 eV and 3.42 eV for the nanoparticles synthesized at 300 and 400 °C respectively. The wide difference in the band gaps may be as a result of the larger particles observed at 400 °C and the deformations in the sample as observed in the SEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have reported an effective, metal free, one‐pot methodology for synthesising benzofuro[3,2‐c]quinolines via a Pictet‐Spengler reaction under mild conditions in open air. Our approach has a few advantages over the traditional two‐component synthesis as it is step and atom economic, environmentally benign and a convergent synthetic method. We have discussed here the good substrate scope of this novel methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review explores the pivotal role of sulfur in advancing sustainable carbon‐carbon (C−C) coupling reactions. The unique electronic properties of sulfur, as a soft Lewis base with significant mesomeric effect make it an excellent candidate for initiating radical transformations, directing C−H‐activation, and facilitating cycloaddition and C−S bond dissociation reactions. These attributes are crucial for developing waste‐free methodologies in green chemistry. Our mini‐review is focused on existing sulfur‐directed C−C coupling techniques, emphasizing their sustainability and comparing state‐of‐the‐art methods with traditional approaches. The review highlights the importance of this research in addressing current challenges in organic synthesis and catalysis. The innovative use of sulfur in photocatalytic, electrochemical and metal‐catalyzed processes not only exemplifies significant advancements in the field but also opens new avenues for environmentally friendly chemical processes. By focusing on atom economy and waste minimization, the analysis provides broad appeal and potential for future developments in sustainable organic chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern organic chemistry, harnessing the power of multicomponent radical reactions presents both significant challenges and extraordinary potential. This article delves into this scientific frontier by addressing the critical issue of controlling selectivity in such complex processes. We introduce a novel approach that revolves around the reversible addition of thiyl radicals to multiple bonds, reshaping the landscape of multicomponent radical reactions. The key to selectivity lies in the intricate interplay between reversibility and the energy landscapes governing C−C bond formation in thiol‐yne‐ene reactions. The developed approach not only allows to prioritize the thiol‐yne‐ene cascade, dominating over alternative reactions, but also extends the scope of coupling products obtained from alkenes and alkynes of various structures and electron density distributions, regardless of their relative polarity difference, opening doors to more versatile synthetic possibilities. In the present study, we provide a powerful tool for atom‐economical C−S and C−C bond formation, paving the way for the efficient synthesis of complex molecules. Carrying out our experimental and computational studies, we elucidated the fundamental mechanisms underlying radical cascades, a knowledge that can be broadly applied in the field of organic chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the presence of a base catalyst (20 mol %) such as DBU, DABCO or Na2S ⋅ 3H2O/N‐methylpyrrolidone, phenylacetylenes were found to efficiently undergo sulfurative amination with elemental sulfur and anilines under neat conditions, leading to N‐aryl thioamides with complete atom efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study explores the synthesis of nanoparticles through the thermal decomposition of single‐source precursors, a method gaining popularity due to its low cost, minimal environmental toxicity, rapidity, scalability, and the ability to form nanoparticles with few defects. Zinc ethyl carbamate was synthesized and characterized using 1H NMR and infrared spectroscopy. Its purity was confirmed through microelemental analysis and melting point determination. The melting point of the complex was determined to be 165 °C. The thermogravimetric analyses indicated a one‐step decomposition of zinc ethyl carbamate with a decomposition onset of of 200 °C, yielding a stable ZnS residue. Further thermal decomposition led to the formation of wurtzite phase ZnS nanoparticles, as evidenced by XRD. SEM micrographs displayed mixed spherical, and cubic unevenly sized, polydispersed nanoparticles, while EDX revealed approximately a 1 : 1 Zn to S ratio. Estimated band gap from the Tauc's plot gave 3.93 eV and 3.42 eV for the nanoparticles synthesized at 300 and 400 °C respectively. The wide difference in the band gaps may be as a result of the larger particles observed at 400 °C and the deformations in the sample as observed in the SEM.

In response to the imperative of eco‐friendly material substitution, a comparative cradle‐to‐gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of two epoxy adhesives is presented: a traditional epoxy resin and an innovative self‐curing epoxy derived by epoxidizing poly‐beta‐myrcene (a constituent of Chios Mastic natural resin). Employing ReCiPe 2016 indicators and standard normalization, our study reveals that epoxidized poly‐beta‐myrcene outperforms conventional epoxy in 9 of 18 assessed midpoint indicators, with minimal impact in 7, and marginally higher impact in 2. The superiority of epoxidized poly‐beta‐myrcene extends to all three ReCiPe Endpoint protection areas. Atom economy and the E‐factor are also considered and related to the LCA results. Furthermore, the evaluation demonstrates epoxidized poly‐beta‐myrcene's remarkable environmental favorability compared to a literature bio‐based epoxy across multiple CML‐IA‐baseline indicators. In summary, epoxidized poly‐beta‐myrcene emerges as a promising, ecologically sensitive alternative to current conventional and bio‐based epoxy options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An expedient synthesis of silyl ethers is reported via photocatalytic free radical coupling of ketones with hydrosilanes and subsequent [1, 2]‐Brook rearrangement. This strategy features the advantages of 100 % atom economy, environmental friendliness, easily available starting materials as well as late‐stage functionalization of complex molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atom economy is one of the main concerns for material synthesis. Here, the facile synthesis of Lewis acidic boron‐containing porous organic polymers (B‐POPs) via hydroboration polymerization reaction of commercially available borane dimethyl sulfide complex (BH3∙SMe2) with multi‐alkynes under mild reaction conditions is presented. This new synthetic method for B‐POPs has the advantage of high atom economy. The resulted porous alkenyl borane polymers (PABPs) have unique features such as high boron content, strong Lewis acidity, and high surface areas. Owing to the strong Lewis acid‐base interactions, PABPs exhibit excellent adsorptive capacity toward triethylamine (up to 841 mg g−1) and pyridine (up to 1396 mg g−1) vapor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nexus of solid waste management problems and energy crisis necessitates the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass agro residues and municipal solid wastes for fuel and energy generation. Thermochemical technologies like pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction and gasification are promising options to produce bio-oil, bio-crude and syngas from biomass, which can be further catalytically upgraded to hydrocarbon fuels. While there are technical merits associated with these processes and the products derived from them, the sustainability analysis of the processes from a systems level is imperative to evaluate their commercial viability. This perspective article presents fundamental understanding, importance and analysis of the different sustainability metrics based on mass and energy. The salient properties of biomass and wastes, and that of various fuels derived from them are presented. The three technologies are evaluated based on key metrics such as energy recovery/efficiency, E-factor, process mass intensity and CO2 footprint. The E-factor for different technologies follows the trend: hydrothermal liquefaction (0.14) ≈ gasification (0.13) < pyrolysis (0.5). However, it is clear from the analysis that the E-factor and GHG emissions of the HTL process, a promising feedstock-agnostic pathway, can be further reduced by valorizing the organic-laden aqueous phase and upgrading the bio-crude to hydrocarbons. The key results of process technoeconomics are presented and assessed from a sustainability viewpoint. This study recommends the use of simple sustainability metrics in research works on thermochemical conversion so that the results from different studies can be compared on a common sustainability platform.

Biorefinery design uses various metrics for achieving biomass conversion with process efficiency and biochemical selectivity. A common optimization strategy targets the product yield expecting favorable waste reductions. As a green-chemistry metric, atom economy offers a novel approach to achieving mass efficiency by simultaneously computing products and waste. A comparison between the product yield and atom economy presumes different optimal operating conditions. This study applied atom economy to a biomass-to-olefins process to elucidate metric differences. An initial revision of the stoichiometric conditions determined the ideal product and waste generations. A realistic simulation predicted the mass flows to olefins via gasification, methanol synthesis, and methanol-to-olefins conversion. The gasifier operating conditions were modified to clarify interactions among the atom economy, reaction temperature, and steam-to-biomass mass ratio (S / B). The optimal atom-economic and product-yield conditions differed; a lower gasification temperature and atom-economic (S / B) ratio enhanced the olefins-to-waste ratio. The atom economy indicated that CO 2 and H 2 O are inefficient transport molecules for releasing oxygen in biomass. Both wastes consume at best 33% g/g of feedstock carbon or hydrogen, complying to olefin and intermediate H/C ratios. A comprehensive revision of the energy performance is required to complement the atom economy as a performance indicator. [Display omitted] • Optimal operating conditions for product yield and atom economy differ. • Atom economy for BTO is maximum at gasifier temperature 820 ∘C and (S ∕ B) 0.8 g/g. • Atom economy indicates CO 2 and H 2 O are inefficient transport molecules in BTO. • From 33% to 64% g/g of the carbon in biomass is wasted in CO 2. • H 2 O recirculation into the steam gasifier improves atom economy from 11.5% to 22%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient, simple and general protocol for the selective hydration of terminal alkynes into the corresponding methyl ketones has been developed by using a cheap, easy‐to‐synthesise and sustainable FeIII‐based eutectic mixture [FeCl3 ⋅ 6H2O/Gly (3 : 1)] as both promoter and solvent for the hydration reaction, working: i) under mild (45 °C) and bench‐type reaction conditions (air); and ii) in the absence of ligands, co‐catalysts, co‐solvents or toxic, non‐abundant and expensive noble transition metals (Au, Ru, Pd). When the final methyl ketones are solid/insoluble in the eutectic mixture, the hydration reaction takes place in 30 min, and the obtained methyl ketones can be isolated by simply decanting the liquid FeIII‐DES, allowing the direct isolation of the desired ketones without VOC solvents. By using this straightforward and simple isolation protocol, we have been able to recycle the FeIII‐based eutectic mixture system up to eight consecutive times. Furthermore, the FeIII‐eutectic mixture is able to promote the selective and efficient formal oxidation of internal alkynes into 1,2‐diketones, with the possibility of recycling this system up to three consecutive times. Preliminary investigations into a possible mechanism for the oxidation of the internal alkynes seem to indicate that it proceeds through the formation of the corresponding methyl ketones and α‐chloroketones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: As a typical type of sustainable plastic, polyesters can be recycled or upcycled into value‐added chemicals in a variety of methods. However, excess reagents are required for most of the depolymerization and upcycling processes, causing the emission of environmental pollutants and the waste of chemical resources. Here we demonstrate a one‐pot catalytic process to directly crack polylactic acid into acrylic acid by acid catalyst with the assistance of an ionic liquid, Bu4PBr. Polylactic acid is attacked by the Br– from Bu4PBr and the H+ from acid to form oligomers containing Br or acryloyl group, and these oligomers serve as intermediates to produce acrylic acid during their mutual transformation. The acrylic acid is vaporized directly from the reactor and obtained in a collector with a selectivity around 90 % when polylactic acid is fully converted. This green process shows great advantages in atom economy compared to the conventional recycling/upcycling methods for polyesters, in addition, a better efficiency in converting the polymer than the corresponding monomer could inspire new upcycle strategies for different plastic wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acid catalyzed multicomponent reaction (MCR) for the synthesis of N‐benzhydryl amide derivatives from aldehydes, N,N‐disubstituted arylamines and nitriles is reported. The reaction is compatible with electronically differentiating aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes/acetals, different nucleophiles (cyclic and acyclic N,N‐disubstituted arylamines,β‐naphthols, 1,3 dicarbonyl, 1,3,5‐trimethoxy benzene), alkyl nitriles, aryl/heteroaryl nitriles in catalytic TFA/TfOH through tandem Ritter reaction. The one‐pot MCR with broad substrate scope generated a wide variety of sterically hindered N‐substituted amides and is successfully applied for the synthesis of isoindolinone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of carbon resources stored in plastic polymers through chemical recycling and upcycling is a promising approach for mitigating plastic waste. However, most current methods for upcycling suffer from limited selectivity towards a specific valuable product, particularly when attempting full conversion of the plastic. We present a highly selective reaction route for transforming polylactic acid (PLA) into 1,2‐propanediol utilizing a Zn‐modified Cu catalyst. This reaction exhibits excellent reactivity (0.65 g gcat−1 h−1) and selectivity (99.5 %) towards 1,2‐propanediol, and most importantly, can be performed in a solvent‐free mode. Significantly, the overall solvent‐free reaction is an atom‐economical reaction with all the atoms in reactants (PLA and H2) fixed into the final product (1,2‐propanediol), eliminating the need for a separation process. This method provides an innovative and economically viable solution for upgrading polyesters to produce high‐purity products under mild conditions with optimal atom utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A catalyst‐ and oxidant‐free, highly efficient, scalable, and sustainable synthetic method is developed for the selenylative annulation of 2‐alkynyl biaryls or 2‐heteroaryl‐substituted alkynyl benzenes with readily available diselenides under electrochemical conditions to synthesize a wide variety of selanyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic heteroaromatics in high to excellent yield up to 99% at room temperature in a short time (2‐5 h). The transformation required only electricity as a green reagent and produces hydrogen gas as the only innocuous byproduct. Notably, the green chemistry metrics of the protocol are found excellent. Mechanistic studies revealed a radical pathway being initiated by the in situ generation of the corresponding selenyl radical from diselenides under electrochemical conditions. Significantly, a direct comparison of the electrochemical approach with that of our previously developed iodine‐catalyzed chemical approach revealed that the electrochemical approach is not only catalyst‐ and oxidant‐free, but also more energy‐efficient, high‐yielding, sustainable, and practical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In decades, heterogeneous catalysis has played a more significant role in social progress. However, the exorbitant price and low reserves vastly limit the application of noble metal catalysts, which are extensively used in heterogeneous catalysis. The single‐atom‐alloy catalysts (SAAs) have been regarded as a crucial way to improve the dispersion ratio of noble metal while maintaining great heterogeneous catalytic performance by dispersing noble metal single atoms on the surface of another metal. Besides the benefit from the metal bonds between noble metals and support metals, SAAs is also a unique method to construct metallic metal single atoms and obtain its characteristic catalytic performance, which is not possessed by other single atoms catalysts with positive electricity metal atoms. Most recently, SAAs have been demonstrated to catalyze a lot of significant heterogeneous reactions. This review will introduce the synthesis methods of SAAs and then summarize their applications in heterogeneous catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acetophenone stereoselective reduction reactions carried out by different chemical or biochemical methodologies reported in the literature were analyzed. This study showed the importance of evaluation in each reaction step, both holistically and quantitatively, even if the amounts used are at the mmol level. It is clear that the use of catalysts does not guarantee that the chemical process is environmentally friendly, as well as that the benefits of bio-driven processes can be diminished due to the complications of product purification. This work shows that the development of tools to determine the sustainability of a process is extremely important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A synthesis of novel bicyclic 1,3,5-triazinane-2,4-diones has been accomplished through base-promoted fragmentation followed by cyclization. Various saturated ring-fused bicyclic urazoles were prepared by two complementary methods: by the reaction of N , N ′-bis(2-chloroethyl)urazoles with various nucleophiles or by using 4-substituted urazoles and dibromoalkanes. Treatment of these symmetrical urazole derivatives with LDA at –78 °C to 25 °C resulted in fragmentation of the N–N bond to form an imine that underwent intramolecular cyclization, resulting in moderate yields of nonsymmetric heterocycle derivatives with an asymmetric (racemic) center and various ring sizes. The utility of these transformations was extended to syntheses of a tricyclic system and bicyclic systems containing additional heteroatoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Academic chemical literature (and much current teaching to University Students) still often describes “Green Chemistry,” as having originated in the late 1990s from the United States EPA, the “12 Principles of Green Chemistry”, and/or Academia. But all of the “12 Principles” had already been in “un-enunciated” Industrial practice and had produced many commercialized examples of environmentally favorable chemical products and processes in major segments of Industry, long before the 1990s. This article briefly reviews the early 1990s publications of Professor Barry Trost and Roger Sheldon that spread awareness of the importance of catalysis to the evolving “Green Chemical” concepts of “Atom Economy”, the “E-Factor” metrics, and into Academic “Green Chemistry” research. Trost and Sheldon’s publications admitted that catalysis and “Atom Economy” had been in practice in the commodity chemicals industry for decades, but encouraged more use of those techniques and concepts in the Fine Chemical and Pharmaceutical industry segments, and into Academic research and the teaching of organic chemistry, years before the words “Green Chemistry” or the “12 Principles” came into literature use.

[Display omitted] A 100% atom-efficient thia-Michael addition process between thiols and α,β -unsaturated carbonyl compounds in a Brønsted acidic deep eutectic solvent at room temperature has been developed. The medium, choline chloride/ p -toluene- sulfonic acid, not only showed good catalytic activity, but also could be readily recovered and reused with slight decrease in its activity after successive five runs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To help students address problems related to climate change, chemistry fundamentals are taught using sustainable principles. The principles of green chemistry and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are guides to help us reach a sustainable future. Educators use these to create resources to connect green principles and sustainability goals. Systems thinking provides the method for creating relevant lectures, meaningful activities, and cohesive assessments in an educational module. A week-long stoichiometry module for introductory chemistry is described. Students tackle multiple learning outcomes to answer complex questions such as ‘what makes an reaction efficient?’. This module relates SDGs #7 and #13, clean energy and climate action, to the green principle of atom economy, which evaluates the efficiency of chemical transformations. The process of backward design is used with systems thinking to map learning outcomes across the module. Students demonstrate skills related to individual outcomes and use their knowledge to evaluate chemical systems from multiple perspectives across outcomes. Incorporating real-world examples the module explores how incomplete combustion impacts human health and the environment while exploring the material efficiency of making different fuels. The context and practice of sustainable science can be used to teach chemistry in a systematic way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bio‐catalysis is a versatile and powerful tool in organic synthesis, hazardous chemical remediation, biosensors, and industrial sectors. It has been claimed that laccases can function as an intriguing class of biocatalyst in organic chemistry. They are highly favourable catalysts and offer advantages over conventional oxidants and toxic metal catalysts by exhibiting high activity in aqueous media under mild conditions and also work on diverse functional groups possessing substrates maintaining the atom economy. They coordinate well with molecular oxygen and perform chemo selective oxidation reactions, as well as a plethora of other reactions. However, this review is intended to cover molecular oxygen‐assisted laccase catalysis in organic transformations and its significance in industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of clean energy generation and environmental preservation is of utmost importance for societal progress. However, couple clean energy production and pollution control is still a difficulty. In this study, a novel electrospun composite mat, with nano zero valent iron (Fe0, nZVI) encapsulated into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers was acted as a catalyst. The activation energy (E a) for the hydrolysis of NaBH 4 to produce hydrogen is 22 kJ·mol−1, hydrogen atom utilization efficiency (HGE) of NaBH 4 is 60.80%. Three kinds of organic dyes 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), methylene blue (MB), and Rhodamine B (RhB) were served as the model pollutant, to construct NaBH 4 -organic system for energy production and pollution reduction. The NaBH 4 -organic system demonstrates a collaborative capability to simultaneously remove organic pollutants and generate hydrogen, with a coupling equilibrium point between the two processes. The hydrogen generation rate (HGR) and HGE increased with the concentration of pollutants increased. The degradation of 4-NP, MB, and RhB followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with RhB degrading dosage 20 and 44 times higher than 4-NP and MB, respectively. H 2 and H· contributed to the organic degradation. nZVI directly participated in the formation H 2 and H·. PAN@Fe0 possessed good recyclability and moderate cost. The degradation process adhered to the classical surface reaction controlled Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) model. The integration of synergistic production capacity and pollutant degradation aligns well with the principles of green chemistry and sustainable development. This study demonstrates a novel approach to no precursor loss catalysts preparation, efficient production clean H 2 , advanced treatment of dye-containing wastewater, carbon neutral operation of sewage treatment plant. [Display omitted] • The PAN@Fe0 nanofibrous composite was successfully fabricated by one-step electrospinning. • The PAN@Fe0 mat was applied to H 2 production in NaBH 4 -H 2 O systems with low E a. • The PAN@Fe0 mats could effectively degradate organics and couple H 2 production. • The degradation of organics followed the surface reaction controlled L-H model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTTo help students address problems related to climate change, chemistry fundamentals are taught using sustainable principles. The principles of green chemistry and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are guides to help us reach a sustainable future. Educators use these to create resources to connect green principles and sustainability goals. Systems thinking provides the method for creating relevant lectures, meaningful activities, and cohesive assessments in an educational module. A week-long stoichiometry module for introductory chemistry is described. Students tackle multiple learning outcomes to answer complex questions such as ‘what makes an reaction efficient?’. This module relates SDGs #7 and #13, clean energy and climate action, to the green principle of atom economy, which evaluates the efficiency of chemical transformations. The process of backward design is used with systems thinking to map learning outcomes across the module. Students demonstrate skills related to individual outcomes and use their knowledge to evaluate chemical systems from multiple perspectives across outcomes. Incorporating real-world examples the module explores how incomplete combustion impacts human health and the environment while exploring the material efficiency of making different fuels. The context and practice of sustainable science can be used to teach chemistry in a systematic way.

We report a one-pot hydrothermal route for the atom-economical biosynthesis of C-aerogel-supported noble-metal nanoparticles. A simple sugar derived from hemicellulose, e.g., xylose, and a natural phenol produced by brown algae, e.g., phloroglucinol, were used as renewable and abundant precursors. We demonstrated the versatility of the one-pot hydrothermal route to prepare Pt/C and Ru/C nanocomposites with tunable properties of both the carbonaceous support and supported metal nanoparticles. We obtained Ru nanoparticles with an unusual face-centered-cubic structure. The Pt/C aerogel nanocomposites showed competitive properties as catalysts for a model hydrogenation reaction compared with analogous M/C catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protected 2-O-benzyolated glycosyl formates were synthesized in one-step from the corresponding orthoester using formic acid as the sole reagent. Glucopyranosyl, mannopyranosyl and galactopyranosyl donors were synthesized and their glycosylation properties studied using model glycosyl acceptors of varied steric bulk and reactivity. Bismuth triflate was the preferred catalyst and KPF6 was used as an additive. The 1,2-trans-selectivities resulting from neighboring-group participation were excellent and the glycosylations were generally high-yielding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving optical properties is an important topic in the field of polymer science. In this research, a novel, metal-free, and inexpensive vitamin C sulfonamide adduct has been developed to enhance the optical behaviors of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Initially, the vitamin C adduct has been fabricated through atom economic reaction and then characterized using several spectroscopic techniques, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT-135, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Accordingly, a dramatic chemical alteration in ascorbic acid structure has been confirmed and led to enhancing chemical interactions with the host polymer. The ascorbic acid adduct has been doped into PVA to prepare a flexible film of polymer composites with potential optical behaviors. The identity of composite film has specified from FTIR, XRD, and UV–vis spectroscopy. The XRD pattern of the hybrid polymer has revealed a remarkable boost in its amorphous structure compared to the PVA host. The FTIR data of both matrix PVA and its composites reveal the potent chemical interactions of functional groups within the hybrid PVA. The main optical information of synthesized hybrid film was obtained from the UV–vis spectra. The refractive index (n) and dielectric loss (εi) values are elevated notably, whereas the optical band gap energy (Eg) declined from 6.3 to 3.6 eV. The direct electronic transition between the valence band (VB) and conduction band (CB) was determined by implementing Tauc’s model. These preliminary results suggest that the fabricated flexible composite will have an excellent opportunity to use in the manufacturing optical devices.

Despite growing progress in the construction of chiral organosilicon compounds, the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of silicon‐stereogenic silanols is less explored and remains a considerable challenge. Herein, we report the first enantioselective construction of silicon‐stereogenic silanols by the catalytic asymmetric hydrolytic oxidation of dihydrosilanes. This practical procedure features ambient reaction conditions, high atom economy, good functional‐group compatibility, and H2 as the only by‐product, and produces a wide range of valuable chiral silanols and bis‐silanols in decent yields with excellent chemo‐ and stereoselectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solvent‐free method for the synthesis of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) by iodoquaternization of alkenes with N‐heteroarenes was reported. Its advantages lie in energy‐saving and clean production by using iodine as the oxidant and manual grinding the starting materials, together with the complete atom economy and low process mass intensity (PMI) value. Demonstrated by 50 examples, the generated QAS was proved to be able to produce valuable chemicals, such as biological protease inhibitors, anti‐cancer agents, and organic fluorescent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have gained attention as green and safe as well as economically and environmentally sustainable alternative to the traditional organic solvents. Here, we report the combination of an atom-economic, very convenient and inexpensive reagent, such as BH3NH3, with bio-based eutectic mixtures as biorenewable solvents in the synthesis of nitroalkanes, valuable precursors of amines. A variety of nitrostyrenes and alkyl-substituted nitroalkenes, including α- and β-substituted nitroolefins, were chemoselectively reduced to the nitroalkanes, with an atom economy-oriented, simple and convenient experimental procedure. A reliable and easily reproducible protocol to isolate the product without the use of any organic solvent was established, and the recyclability of the DES mixture was successfully investigated.

The review is devoted to the C–H functionalization of porphyrins. Porphyrins exhibit the properties of organic semiconductors, light energy converters, chemical and electrochemical catalysts, and photocatalysts. The review describes the iridium- and palladium-catalyzed direct functionalization of porphyrins, with more attention given to the results obtained in our laboratory. The development and improvement of synthetic methods that do not require preliminary modification of the substrate with various functional groups are extremely important for the preparation of new organic materials based on porphyrins. This makes it possible to simplify the synthetic procedure, to make the synthesis more economical, environmentally safe, and simple to perform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An atom‐economic ring construction approach to the synthesis of α‐(hetero)arylfurans based on renewable furanic platform chemicals has been developed. Corresponding compounds have been prepared in good to excellent yields via [2+2+2] and [4+2] cycloaddition reactions using metal‐catalyzed or photoredox protocols. Easily available HMF‐based 2‐hydroxymethyl‐5‐ethynylfuran and 2‐hydroxymethyl‐5‐cyanofuran were used as starting materials. A synthetic route with an improved carbon economy factor has been implemented to achieve sustainability aim. The possible application of arylfurans as molecular conductors has been investigated by DFT calculations, which revealed excellent charge transfer properties. As a future perspective, integration of biomass processing strategy into manufacturing of molecular electronics was pointed out to achieve the aim of sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thiol-Michael addition of thiophenol/thiobenzoic acid to 1,2,3-triazole linked chalcone was investigated under greener solvent-free condition. A simple one-pot multicomponent protocol has been achieved under mild conditions at ambient temperature in excellent yield. The protocol is advantageous as it is atom economic, cost-effective, eco-friendly, avoiding multi-step procedure and purification techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mild and facile synthetic method via convergent assembly of two reactive intermediates generated in situ has been developed. This method provides an efficient way to construct six- and seven-membered N -heterocycles containing a biaryl linkage. This reaction features a gem -difunctionalization process of diazo compounds with cyclic hemiaminals, delivering α-hydroxyl-β-amino ester derivatives with a tertiary carbon center through a formal C–O bond-insertion transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia borane (AB) has been successfully employed in the reduction of nitroalkenes. A variety of nitrostyrenes and alkyl-substituted­ nitroalkenes were chemoselectively reduced to the corresponding nitroalkanes, in short reaction time, with an atom-economic, simple experimental procedure that also works with α- and β-substituted nitroolefins.

An acid-catalyzed 2-alkylation of indole molecules is developed. Only catalytic amount of the commercially available, inexpensive and traceless HI is used as the sole reaction promoter. 2,3-Disubstituted indole molecules bearing congested tertiary carbon centers are afforded as the final products in moderate to excellent yields.

Progress in electroorganic synthesis is linked to innovation of new synthetic reactions with impact on medicinal chemistry and drug discovery and to the desire to minimise waste and to provide energy‐efficient chemical transformations for future industrial processes. Paired electrosynthetic processes that combine the use of both anode and cathode (convergent or divergent) with minimal (or without) intentionally added electrolyte or need for additional reagents are of growing interest. In this overview, recent progress in developing paired electrolytic reactions is surveyed. The discussion focuses on electrosynthesis technology with proven synthetic value for the preparation of small molecules. Reactor types are contrasted and the concept of translating light‐energy driven photoredox reactions into paired electrolytic reactions is highlighted as a newly emerging trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]