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This diploma thesis deals with the topic of asymmetry of information in relation to the insurance markets. The first part of the thesis defines the basic concepts and identifies the types of asymmetry of information on insurance markets and the possible consequences of their effects. Next part of this thesis deals with the description and analysis of selected methods and tools, which can be used to reduce the influence or consequences of asymmetric information. An analysis that examines the impact of selected factors on the volume of gross claims is also part of the thesis. The last part of the thesis evaluates the achieved results and presents proposals for further reduction of asymmetry of information on insurance markets.

The Bachelor´s thesis deals with an evaluation of the Sklizeno s.r.o. chain´s role in supporting the local production and the definition of buying behavior characteristics, preferences and opinions of chain´s customers. Based on analysis and synthesis of findings in scientific resources, characteristics of the food market, current trends in alternative production and factors influencing consumer´s decision making in the food market were described in the theoretical section. In the practical section, Sklizeno s.r.o. chain´s strategy was described and the impact of supporting regional producers was evaluated, based on the range of goods analysis. The primary research was focused on customer´s buying behavior analysis, as well as their opinions and preferences through the use of a questionnaire, whereas customer´s preferences regarding local food as well as the evaluation of their satisfaction with the chain.

This thesis researches whether there is an effect of casting Leonardo DiCaprio or other star actors in a film on the revenue of the given film and what the effect is, respectively. The data consists of a sample of 905 films screened between 2005-2015 in the United States of America and Canada. The results estimated by the method of least squares indicate that star actors have a positive influence on revenue. The presence of a financialy successful actor means 12% increase in revenue. On the other hand, Oscar-awarded actors influence revenue to a lesser degree. The hypothesis about Leonardo DiCaprios influence could not be either confirmed or denied. Other factors researched were e.g. budget, ratings, whether there is a sequel or director, among others. The variable with the most positive influence is budget; the existence of a sequel is the second most decisive factor.

This thesis deals with post-privatization development of the water industry and sewerage. It leads to problems that the current state of regulation has been unable to handle effectively. There is an outflow of money into private foreign companies rather than investing in the aging infrastructure of the Czech water system. Water has not been earning a financial gain for the state, even though its price over the years continues to grow. The state has been unable to allocate investments toward cities and municipalities that have a high incentive to establish a superior water infrastructure. Water companies often have the privileged position in this field and even though they are regulated by antitrust laws, their operation is not socially efficient. In compliance with the information asymmetry and the pressure of the groups of interest, the regulator is affected more by the preferences of the water system companies rather than the interests of society. The aim of the thesis is to suggest the adjustment of regulation in the Czech Republic on the basis of foreign experience. Comparative analysis of the approaches of chosen European countries was used for this purpose; and further, for a deeper comparison, the situation is presented at a much better mapped and described telecommunication market. From the discussed methods of regulation (following the example of the European experience), not only the recommendations regarding the changes of duties for operators to lease the water infrastructure are suggested, but also non-discrimination of the individual consumer groups, changes of legislation in favor of long-term sustainable development in the field of water supply, and suggestions for dealing with information asymmetry.

This thesis looks into information asymmetry on the food market. In the theory part, it focuses on voluntary labeling and logos, which can help the consumer with his decisions, and analyses the impact of three selected Stream.cz programmes that help in the raising of public awareness. The practical part of this thesis uses mystery shopping to show some currently used misleading and dishonest commercial practices of food producers and sellers. Finally this thesis judges, whether there's any improvement on the food market in the last few years.

i Abstract This Master Thesis is focused on under-pricing of initial public offering. We examine the possibility of signaling by IPO under-pricing on Polish data over the period 2005 - 2010. Signaling by IPO under-pricing is analyzed using signaling model. Taking into consideration the uniqueness of Polish sample, we also analyze the signaling by IPO under- pricing used to the build up the government reputation as market-oriented. Our results suggest the statistical significant positive effect of IPO under-pricing on probability of seasoned equity issue as well as on size of seasoned issue. These findings together with negative relation between IPO under-pricing and lag between IPO and seasoned issue are consistent with predictions of signaling model. We do not find any statistical significant evidence that the Polish government tries to build up reputation for its privatization policy over time by under-pricing and selling a high fraction at the initial offer. Keywords IPO under-pricing, signaling hypothesis, Central Europe, asymmetric information, seasoned equity offering, privatization

This paper aims to find an optimal regulatory system for banking industry. In its first part, it analyzes main sources of banking crises throughout 20th and 21st century. In the second part, it proposes a regulatory system and its tools. Analysis is based on understanding of incentives of market participants, regulators and their interactions. Regulatory tools are assessed in terms of efficiency, i.e. examining their consequences for the economy. This paper is based on an idea that despite unquestionable flaws, market mechanism is the best tool to organize an economy and its industries.

The aim of this thesis is to describe particular financial products and compare them from the evaluation point of view. We also will review these products from the perspective of clients who differ in investment and saving attitude. We will focus on czech households and describe their habits in area of financial products and examine their behaviour during a time period in relation to phases of economic cycles and other exogenous variables. We also will describe functioning of financial system and focus on information asymmetry between houselholds and financial institutions. Further we will look at examples of moral hazard done by financial institutions. The conclusion of this thesis provides recommendations of suitable products for each client.

The work deals with the phenomenon of information asymmetry on the insurance markets. The aim of this work is to identify the information asymmetry as such and its specifics on the insurance markets, to describe and evaluate the possible procedures for its reduction and finally to estimate the future developments in this field. We use the study of the scientific literature, analysis of related legislation and insurance conditions of relevant insurance products and last but not least the author's own experience of work in the field of banking. There are described the procedures to reduce the information asymmetry such as the insurance legislation, possible modifications in the insurance conditions, information registers and expert systems.

The main objects of this diploma thesis are basic trends in the mortgage market in the United States and their role in the current mortgage crisis. As a theoretical background in the first part of this work are mentioned asymetric information with the optimal consumer choice regarding mortgage product and the general theory of the securitization. Practical part continues from the description of the main characteristics of the mortgage to the whole mortgage market and the role of government agencies. Following analysis is concerning the significant tendencies in the past years, which dominates in the mortgage market in the USA. The focus is mainly aimed at the growth of alternative mortgage products in connection with strong home price apreciation. Then the position of mortgage brokers and their role in the subprime sector are discusssed. Subprime sector is analysed as well and then the securitization of mortgages as the main trend in the past years is investigated. The development of the current crisis is the object of the last chapter.

Vzdělání je investicí do lidského kapitálu, která svému majiteli přináší výnosy. Studenti mají na kapitálovém trhu omezený přístup k půjčkám na financování svého studia. Důvodem je asymetrie informací a potřeba záruky při žádosti o půjčku, které brání vytvoření trhu se studentskými půjčkami. Vzdělání je proto financováno z veřejných zdrojů, které jsou ovšem omezené. Asymetrie informací, která brání vzniku trhu studentských půjček dala vzniknout trhu půjček kontingenčních, u kterých není potřeba ručení. Velká Británie je jednou ze zemí, která zavádí kombinovaný způsob financování vysokých škol na základě kontingenčních půjček, kdy hradí náklady studia jak veřejnost, tak studenti. Cílem práce je popsat a zanalyzovat výhody a nevýhody britského systému financování vysokých škol a zjistit zda je možné podobný systém zavést v České republice.