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The photosynthetic assemblies in bacteria, as critical structures in early evolutionary photosynthesis, are pivotal for understanding the molecular mechanisms of photosynthesis and for the design of artificial photosynthetic systems. In recent decades, various artificial systems based on synthetic molecules have been developed to mimic these photosynthetic assemblies from structures to functions. This review summarizes the latest advancements in mimicking the photosynthetic assembly systems, discussing three fundamental models: the chlorosome and related complexes in green bacteria, the chromatophore and reaction center system in purple bacteria, and the phycobilisome and photosystem II (PSII) in cyanobacteria, along with their representative mimicking systems. We also address the challenges and unexplored areas in the simulation of photosynthetic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on repression in social movement studies focuses mainly on protest behavior and neglects other aspects of activism. This paper expands this literature by looking at how surveillance as a covert form of repression affects organizational practices in social movements. The secessionist mobilizations around the 1 October 2017 referendum in Catalonia serve as a case study to explore this question. Semi-structured interviews with organizers from the Catalan independence movement were used to identify two surveillance threats. Organizers feared the monitoring of their digital communication and the infiltration of their assemblies. They responded to these threats with five moves of counter-surveillant organizing: encryption, face-to-face communication, analogizing meetings, committee decision making, and closingoff assemblies. How organizers perceived surveillance and responded was closely connected to the cyclical dynamics of contention over time. The five moves allowed the movement to resist surveillance at least in the short term without moderating their claims or going underground. However, they were also harmful to the Catalan independence movement's organizing culture based on inclusivity and horizontality. These findings suggest that the consequences of repression for social movements go well beyond protest behavior and have a profound impact on their organizational practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction One effective approach for spreading and disseminating the teachings of Sufism is to spread the sermons, guidance, and valuable insights of Sufi elders and masters. These teachings were traditionally imparted through lectures and presentations delivered from pulpits and tribunes in the discussion circles attended by students, seekers, disciples, and supporters. Known as "assemblies of preaching", these sessions and study circles are a form of written lecture characterized by a conversational and rhetorical tone, and serve as a platform for the transmission of advice, admonition, and sermons at the behest of the sheikh and mentor, or at the request of the people and followers. Shaykh Abu Sad AbulKhayr (d. 440 AH) diligently embarked on the task of mentoring and guiding seekers and followers after overcoming numerous challenges. His preaching sessions garnered significant popularity among enthusiasts. Owing to his profound expertise in Qur'anic exegesis, hadith, jurisprudence, and literature, his sermons were enriched with in-depth discussions on these subjects. Additionally, his discerning intellect, eloquence, and engaging discourse captivated the audience in attendance. Methodology This study aims to explore Abu Sad Abu'l-Khayr's assemblies of preaching, their quality of organization, and the rhetorical language used in them. It also examines the topics and issues raised in these assemblies. This study aims to familiarize the audience with the content and style of the assemblies, the use of rhetorical techniques, the teachings and circumstances of Abu Sad Abu'l-Khayr in these gatherings, and the variations in the conduct of these assemblies. This study will serve as a resource for those interested in Sufi traditions, the history of Sufism, particularly in the realm of Sufi gatherings and mystical prose. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the assemblies of Abu Sad Abu'l-Khayr, drawing from the works of "The States and Sayings of Abu Sad Abu'l-Khayr" and "Asrar al-Tawhid fi Maghamat al-Sheikh Abu Sad". The motivations behind Abu Sa'id's preaching assemblies, the structure of his lectures, and the emotional and intellectual content of the assemblies are all explored, with reference to specific examples. Additionally, the article examines Abu Sa'id's inner states and those of his audience, as well as the stylistic elements of his lectures, including tone, expression, and rhetorical devices.. Discussion The primary objective of Abu Sa'id's assemblies and lectures was to steer individuals away from wrongdoing and towards virtuous behavior, with a focus on cultivating a deeper connection with God. These assemblies served as a platform for imparting guidance and counsel, with a central emphasis on combating inner desires and hypocrisy. The central theme of his teachings in these assemblies was the struggle against the ego and its desires, and avoiding hypocrisy. One of the inner states of Abu Sa'id in the assemblies of preaching can be referred to his numerous and amazing mind-readings that led to inner transformation and the elimination of many of the enmity of deniers, opponents, and claimants. Abu Sad Abu al-Khayr used the ornaments of rhetoric in his assemblies in order to make his lecture more beautiful and appealing to the audience. These ornaments included the use of Quranic verses, hadiths, sayings of the great Persian and Arabic poetry, proverbs, and anecdotes. Studies of Abu Sad's personality, beliefs, and thoughts have shown that he did not feel obligated to preach the sharia in his assemblies. However, he was always attentive to the esoteric and mystical meanings of Quranic verses and stories, and he often expressed these meanings in a subtle way. In some of his assemblies, Abu Sad even used love poems to interpret Quranic verses. Abu Sa'id used Persian and Arabic proverbs in his lectures in a beautiful way, and he used folk tales or stories from his own life and history that had a wisdom-like and instructive aspect, in order to educate and train his disciples and those present in the assembly. The tone of Abu Sa'id's lectures in his assemblies was both authoritative and reflective of the common conversational style of his era. His language possessed a unique power and strength, often imbued with the essence of the moment and a sense of profound maturity, despite its apparent simplicity. While it may be challenging to unite these qualities, Abu Sa'id's lecture was notably characterized by its simplicity and depth. Additionally, the original Nishapuri dialect occasionally emerged in his assembly speeches, enhancing the allure of his sermons. Abu Sa'id employed subtle, natural, and at times colloquial language, demonstrating extraordinary skill in his use of words and their cadence. This adept linguistic approach captivated his audience, drawing them into his speeches and sermons. The use of beautiful and pleasant combinations in lectures is also one of the linguistic characteristics of Abu Sad Abu al-Khayr during the assembly. Abu Said, with the variety of words and mastery in the correct and appropriate selection of them, and the use of short sentences and adherence to brevity and conciseness, has left no room for the entry of inappropriate synonyms in speech. Thus, in expressing the purpose, the side of the word did not break down the meaning, and rhetoric and rhetoric did not prevail over his gatherings, and by observing brevity and conciseness in speech and avoiding prolixity, he quickly achieved his goal, which is the impact of sermons on the audience and forcing them to think and ultimately return them to righteousness and salvation. Conclusion Upon examining various aspects of Abu Said Abu alKhayr's assemblies, it becomes evident that he articulated his educational and mystical ideas in an imperative, yet conversational, manner, employing a diverse range of words and beautiful language combinations typical of his era. Furthermore, in these gatherings, he imparted his Sufi teachings to his disciples through the use of verses, hadiths, Persian and Arabic poems, renowned and lesser-known, as well as through the incorporation of Persian and Arabic aphorisms, parables, proverbs, and stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious groups endured great angst during the COVID-19 pandemic due to, among other things, temporary restrictions and prohibitions on group assemblies. Responses by Christians in the United States, in particular, varied from acquiescence to innovation to non-compliance. Religious groups should carefully consider the theological and practical merits of these approaches so they can respond in ways that are reasonable and consistent with their faith should circumstances lead to future curtailments of their freedoms to assemble for public worship. In most cases, reasonable expectations and legal recourse will resolve concerns. Outright defiance of government restrictions on assemblies during crises is rarely necessary and appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Institutional configurations in multilevel states create tensions in political decision-making processes resulting from constitutional decisions. Often, these decisions affect party competition, e.g., a member of the parliament (MP) may be legally bound to represent the constituency or the entire territory yet be elected regionally. In these settings parties place their members in additional positions thereby gaining advantage. Does former experience as a regional MP increase the probability of becoming a national MP? We expect that MP candidates from regional constituencies are more likely to have legislative experience in the regional assembly. We test our expectations with novel data from Portugal and demonstrate that candidates who were regional MPs are more likely to be in eligible positions and to take office. Conversely, former regional government members (elected officials) have a negative likelihood of becoming a national MP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International best practices require that corporate governance principles are introduced to guide institutions to operate in the best interest of stakeholders. Some local governments in Ghana have not been able to improve the lot of the people although corporate governance principles have been established in their systems. In an attempt to find the underlying reasons, this study assessed the corporate governance framework of four local governments in Ghana. The in-depth interview design was adopted and a purposive sampling procedure was employed to select 25 key informants who provided primary data for the study. The informants were four Internal Auditors, four Co-ordinating Directors, four members of Audit Committees, three District Auditors, four Regulators from the national level, and six members of the District Planning Co-ordinating Unit of the Assemblies. Data collection methods were key informant interviews and library searches. The interview guide and document review guide were the data collection instruments used. Pattern matching, comparison, content analysis, and interpretation were employed to analyze the data. The study revealed that the components of the corporate governance framework of the selected local governments were the same as that of the standard framework. However, there were lapses in their functioning. The recommendation is that the management bodies and officers responsible for the lapses in the functioning of the components should be sanctioned.

Following the 2016 elections, several feminist groups emerged in the U.S. in response to the election of President Trump. This manuscript focuses on a feminist assembly located in marginal and conservative Appalachia. Grounded in reflexivity, we employ affective solidarity to better understand feminist organizing in a post‐Trump rural Appalachian town. Based on a collaborative ethnography, including the National Organization of Women's local chapter members, conducted between 2016 and 2022, we analyze how political engagement has been initiated by an affective response—vulnerability, misery, rage, passion, and hope. By organizing open houses, marches, and voter guides, this group's outreach strives to inform and engage community members in dialogs around women's rights to improve gender equality in West Virginia, a state historically characterized by a conservative, heteronormative, patriarchal, and anti‐abortion mentality. We show how the dissonance between Trump's glorification of these ideologies and our affective responses served as a mechanism for feminist solidarity. This paper uses Butlerian principles to explore how vulnerability and resistance shape a feminist social movement held together by affective solidarity. We argue that responses to threats prompted by the Trump Presidency have been critical to the resurgence of our feminist agency and political engagement where conservative and masculine ideologies impose control over vulnerable populations. This paper advances the knowledge of vulnerability and agency and contributes to the literature on assemblies for political resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International best practices require that corporate governance principles are introduced to guide institutions to operate in the best interest of stakeholders. Some local governments in Ghana have not been able to perform to improve the lot of the people despite the fact that corporate governance principles have been established in their systems. In an attempt to find the underlying reasons, this study assessed the corporate governance framework of four local governments in Ghana. The in-depth interview design was adopted and purposive sampling procedure was employed to select 25 key informants who provided primary data for the study. The informants were four Internal Auditors, four Co-ordinating Directors, four members of Audit Committees, three District Auditors, four Regulators from national level, and six members from District Planning Coordinating Unit of the Assemblies. Data collection methods were key informant interview and library search. Interview guide and document review guide were data collection instruments used. Pattern matching, comparison, content analysis, and interpretation were employed to analyse the data. The study revealed that the components of the corporate governance framework of the selected local governments were the same as that of the standard framework. However, there were lapses in their functioning. The recommendation is that the management bodies and officers responsible for the lapses in functioning of the components should be sanctioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Spain, the 15M movement organised itself into self-managed assemblies in public squares, going beyond the militant circles to which these practices had hitherto been confined. Based on an ethnographic study conducted over a ten-year period in Madrid, this article examines the effects of this broadening of audiences on the practice of assemblies. By looking at the difficulties involved in resorting to consensus, it focuses on the main political challenge of building a shared culture of collective decision-making. The question of temporality, central to this process, is expressed at the levels of learning a shared culture of assembly and of decision-making itself. We are thus exploring the tension between, on the one hand, the openness of the 15M assemblies to all, and on the other, the production of norms specific to these meeting practices, which require an apprenticeship that makes participation and integration into the assembly difficult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biohybrid catalysts that operate in aqueous media are intriguing for systems chemistry. In this paper, we investigate whether control over the self‐assembly of biohybrid catalysts can tune their properties. As a model, we use the catalytic activity of functional hybrid molecules consisting of a catalytic H‐dPro‐Pro‐Glu tripeptide, derivatized with fatty acid and nucleobase moieties. This combination of simple biological components merged the catalytic properties of the peptide with the self‐assembly of the lipid, and the structural ordering of the nucleobases. The biomolecule hybrids self‐assemble in aqueous media into fibrillar assemblies and catalyze the reaction between butanal and nitrostyrene. The interactions between the nucleobases enhanced the order of the supramolecular structures and affected their catalytic activity and stereoselectivity. The results point to the significant control and ordering that nucleobases can provide in the self‐assembly of biologically inspired supramolecular catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Estudos Politicos is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Revista Brasileira de Estudos Politicos) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present study the main numerical characteristics of the reliability indicators for the Komatsu SAA4D104E-1 engines of the KOMATSU WB93R-5 backhoe loader have been determined, and the laws of resource allocation have been established.To study the level of reliability of machines, a methodology for experimental research has been developed, where the complex, comparative and formal methods, as well as the systematic, cybernetic and statistical approach have been used. It has been found that increasing the level of reliability of the engine elements can be improved by increasing the quality and timeliness of the repair and maintenance activities and compliance with the rules of operation.This study is a continuation of a study conducted by the author.

Sequencing technologies have rapidly evolved over the past two decades, and new technologies are being continually developed and commercialized. The emerging sequencing technologies target generating more data with fewer inputs and at lower costs. This has also translated to an increase in the number and type of corresponding applications in genomics besides enhanced computational capacities (both hardware and software). Alongside the evolving DNA sequencing landscape, bioinformatics research teams have also evolved to accommodate the increasingly demanding techniques used to combine and interpret data, leading to many researchers moving from the lab to the computer. The rich history of DNA sequencing has paved the way for new insights and the development of new analysis methods. Understanding and learning from past technologies can help with the progress of future applications. This review focuses on the evolution of sequencing technologies, their significant enabling role in generating plant genome assemblies and downstream applications, and the parallel development of bioinformatics tools and skills, filling the gap in data analysis techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give a general framework for approximations to decomposable combinatorial structures suitable to the situation where the size n$$ n $$ and the number of components k$$ k $$ are specified. In particular for assemblies, this involves a Poisson process, which, with the appropriate choice of parameter, may be viewed as an extension of saddlepoint approximation. We illustrate the use of the Poisson process description for assemblies by analyzing the component structure when the rank, defined as r:=n−k$$ r:= n-k $$, is small relative to the size n$$ n $$. There is near‐universal behavior, in the sense that, apart from degenerate cases where the exponential generating function has radius of convergence zero, we have for t∈(0,∞)$$ t\in \left(0,\infty \right) $$ and ℓ=1,2,...$$ \ell =1,2,\dots $$: when r≍nα$$ r\asymp {n}^{\alpha } $$ for fixed α∈(ℓℓ+1,ℓ+1ℓ+2)$$ \alpha \in \left(\frac{\ell }{\ell +1},\frac{\ell +1}{\ell +2}\right) $$, the size L1$$ {L}_1 $$ of the largest component converges in probability to ℓ+2$$ \ell +2 $$; when r∼tnℓ/(ℓ+1)$$ r\sim t\kern0.3em {n}^{\ell /\left(\ell +1\right)} $$, we have ℙ(L1∈{ℓ+1,ℓ+2})→1$$ \mathbb{P}\left({L}_1\in \left\{\ell +1,\ell +2\right\}\right)\to 1 $$, with the choice governed by a Poisson limit distribution for the number of components of size ℓ+2$$ \ell +2 $$. This was recently observed, for the case ℓ=1$$ \ell =1 $$ and the special cases of permutations and set partitions, using Chen–Stein approximations for the indicators of attacks and alignments in rook placements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was hypothesized that activated carbons (ACs) prepared from hydrochar could be dispersed in solvents under certain conditions. The crude hydrochar formed by the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of glucose and was purified by dialysis. Dried dispersions of hydrochar were chemically activated with potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) at temperatures of 750–800 ​°C in N2. The AC prepared from a freeze-dried dispersion of hydrochar could be dispersed in ethanol as 500 nm-sized colloids. It was noted that on regular drying of the hydrochar dispersions, macroscopically large, long, curved, and thin rods of hydrochar formed in the vials. The rods comprised colloidally-packed spherical particles. The rods may have formed from cracked and fractured colloidal coatings and detached from the wall of the vials. This conclusion was supported by analysing the structural features of the rods. The macroscopic shapes were retained on the chemical activation when the hydrochar precursor had been pyrolyzed in N2 before activation. The ACs had specific surface areas of up to 1800 ​m2/g, and CO2 uptake levels of up to 7.1 ​mmol/g at 0 ​°C and 101 ​kPa.

This work reports the synthesis of cubic morphology self-assemblies formed by AgNPs inside delimited by AgCl crystals using Losselia mexicana (L. Mexicana) leaf extract at room temperature. At the same time, an attempt was made to replicate the synthesized products using an aqueous extract of Sedum praealtum (S. praealtum), discussing the results obtained. Likewise, the photocatalytic properties of the assemblies in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) were measured. UV–Vis, XRD, SEM, TEM, and FTIR techniques characterized the morphology and crystal structure of the experimental results. SEM micrographs show that particles obtained by L. mexicana have a cube-shaped morphology and an average size of 357 nm. TEM studies also demonstrate that the cube-shaped assemblies contained AgNPs bounded by AgCl crystals. The SEM analysis obtained from the products synthesized with S. praealtum extract indicates the presence of both AgNPs and AgCl, although not assembled but as independent crystals. XRD patterns confirmed the presence of AgCl and Ag fcc crystalline phases in the products obtained with both plant extracts. AgNPs/AgCl cubic particles were more efficient than AgNPs in MB dye degradation. Thus, self-assembled AgNPs/AgCl particles that show promise as excellent catalysts for environmental applications in wastewater treatment were achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stretchable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active metal–organic nanocomposites with exceptional optical, mechanical, and electrical properties have attracted a lot of attention for emerging applications such as wearable devices, smart energy storage, and point-of-care (POC) personal sensing. However, the current fabrication of SERS-active metal–organic nanocomposites usually involves time-consuming procedures, expensive and toxic chemicals, and harsh conditions such as high temperature, vacuum conditions, and strong acid–base reactions. Here, we developed a simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly fabrication of stretchable porous poly-(styrene–butadiene–styrene) (SBS)-based metal–organic nanocomposites with exceptional SERS enhancement and mechanical stability using a scalable and easy-to-operate microplasma engineering under ambient conditions. SERS-active polyhedral silver nanoparticles (polyAgNPs) with enormous localized electromagnetic field-induced hot spots can be synthesized and deposited on the elastic SBS fiber-based porous substrates with high density and uniformity by the plasma synthesis. The plasma-engineered polyAgNP-SBS nanocomposites show outstanding SERS enhancement factor (EF), low detection limit and wide detection range for SERS-based detection of cancer biomarkers. Our work provides a step for scalable and controlled engineering for stretchable metal–organic nanocomposites and an understanding of SERS properties of plasmonic nanostructures used for emerging applications such as optoelectronics, biomedical sensing, and clean energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Civil aircraft is assembled by various and a large number of parts and components, which requires a clear classification of aircraft products to establish an efficient technology control mechanism throughout the whole lifecycle. The system engineering methodology is adopted to identify the stakeholders of aircraft products. On the basis of analyzing and summarizing the demand of key stakeholders, a source-based civil aircraft product classification so-lution and criteria is proposed, which is suitable to distinguish specified parts from equipment. The unified, stan-dardized and multi-dimensional civil aircraft product classification and definition is realized. The case of a certain type aircraft product classification is verified. The results show that the proposed source-based civil aircraft product classification solution is convenient for engineers to quickly determine product categories in practical work, which can ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of product classification, and provide a basis for civil aircraft product de-sign and technical management, and satisfy the application requirements of civil aircraft projects.

Our ability to twin the digital and physical worlds can now be achieved through a broad range of low-to-high fidelity sensors and simulation and modelling techniques including analytical, numerical and artificial intelligence. The challenge for Digital Twins is now moving from the technical exercise of achieving the Digital Twin to how we categorise Digital Twin architectures and how we can predict the cost benefit when investing. This paper explores some existing categorisations of the model component of the Digital Twin and examines the variance in cost-benefit of two Digital Twin model components for twinning the location of a thermally sensitive assembly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is among the most widely applied analytical techniques due to its easy execution and extreme sensitivity. Target molecules can be detected and distinguished based upon the fingerprint spectra that arise when absorbed on the SERS substrates surface, particularly on the SERS‐active hotspots. Thus, rational fabricating the enhancing substrates plays a key role in broadening SERS application. Programmable DNA functionalized plasmonic nanoassemblies, where DNA acts as both structure basis and functional unit, combine the specificity of DNA recognition, and modulate the assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs). Specifically designed DNA not only improves the selectivity to target molecules but also promotes the sensitivity of the optical signals through precisely regulating the distance between the molecule and the substrate. A variety of DNA‐functionalized SERS sensors have been reported and obtained well performance in the analysis of heavy metal ions in water, toxins, pesticide residues, antibiotics, hormones, illicit drugs, or other small molecules. This review places an emphasis on the design and sensing strategies of the DNA‐functionalized plasmonic nanoassemblies, as well as basic principles of Raman enhancement, and recent advances for environmental analysis. The current challenges and potential trends in the development of DNA‐functionalized SERS sensors for environmental pollutant monitoring in complicated scenarios are subsequently discussed.

Democratic representation is increasingly remote from citizens. Many institutions exacerbate this remoteness, but the shrinking ratio of legislative representatives to citizens is perhaps the most obvious. Around the world, the number of representatives has not kept pace with growing populations. To what extent does this distance, between citizens and their elected politicians, explain our current democratic malaise? Relying on both quantitative and historical evidence, this article maps the remoteness of democratic representation and considers its causes, consequences, and potential remedies. Strongly associated with economic inequality and rural elites, the remoteness of representation has far-flung implications, ranging from deficits of diversity and accountability in political representation to the weakened capacity of citizens to engage in political collective action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state of most current political anthropology tends to be the modern nation-state, and relatively few works address questions posed by other state formations. Focusing on the Moroccan makhzan and the non-state institutional environment in which it operated, this paper argues for a more sustained engagement with alternative traditions of political thought and practice. It does this by drawing on historical ethnography from Morocco and southwestern Algeria, and through a sustained reciprocal comparison with parts of the classic European literature on the concept of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background As cancer is one of the main leading causes of mortality, a series of monotherapies such as chemotherapy, gene therapy and radiotherapy have been developed to overcome this thorny problem. However, a single treatment approach could not achieve satisfactory effect in many experimental explorations. Results In this study, we report the fabrication of cyclic RGD peptide (cRGD) modified Au4-iron oxide nanoparticle (Au4-IO NP-cRGD) based on aggregation-induced emission (AIE) as a multifunctional theranostic system. Besides Au4 cluster-based fluorescence imaging and enhanced radiotherapy, iron oxide (IO) nanocluster could realize magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and Fenton reaction-based chemotherapy. Abundant toxic reactive oxygen species generated from X-ray irradiation and in situ tumor-specific Fenton reaction under acidic microenvironment leads to the apoptotic and necrotic death of cancer cells. In vivo studies demonstrated good biocompatibility of Au4-IO NP-cRGD and a high tumor suppression rate of 81.1% in the synergistic therapy group. Conclusions The successful dual-modal imaging and combined tumor therapy demonstrated AIE as a promising strategy for constructing multifunctional cancer theranostic platform. Graphical Abstract

The photophysical properties of pure organic materials in solid‐state are widely related to the crystal's arrangements. Herein, 4,6‐bis((E)‐4‐(dibenzothiophene)styryl)‐5(ethoxycarbonyl)‐2,2‐difluoro‐2H‐1,3,2‐dioxaborinin‐1‐ium‐2‐uide (BBSF) is employed as a mode molecule to explore the relationship between molecular arrangement and performance. Three elegant crystals (solvent‐free‐J‐aggregation of EA‐crystal, solvent‐J‐aggregations of CB‐crystal, and FB‐crystal) are obtained by solvato‐tailored strategy. Detailed single crystal structures and photophysical data reveal that all the three crystals adopt a J‐type aggregation model. EA‐crystal does not involve solvent molecular while the CB‐ and FB‐crystals involve chlorobenzene (CB) and fluorobenzene (FB) molecules, respectively. Solvent molecules can effectively separate the two columns of BBSF molecules, resulting in high brightness emission. Laser behaviors indicate that the solvent‐microcrystals display higher brightness, lower threshold, as well as higher quality factor than solvent‐free‐microcrystal due to the weakened bimolecular exciton annihilation process. This strategy not only paves an intriguing way to the construction and preparation of pure organic J‐aggregation laser materials but also offers a guideline for suppressing bmEA process through introducing solvent molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over 30 years have passed since the beginning of the Reform Movement; however, women’s initiatives in the Reform Movement of Lithuania have not been analysed. Commemorating the anniversary of the Reform Movement, Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania declared 2018 as the year of the Reform Movement and highlighted the period of 1988-1990 as a period of great importance in the Lithuania history when Seimas of the Reform Movement acted as a partial yet legal democratic representative of the nation in the Soviet occupation system. The article analyses women’s engagement into the initiative groups of the Sąjūdis, their participation in the initiative group and congress. The aim of this article is to shed light on the role of women in the building of the Soviet Union and the specific nature of the activities of the women's Sąjūdis, the degree of involvement, the problems raised and the solutions proposed. In order to achieve this goal, the archival material contained in the fund of the Lithuanian Perestroika Sąjūdis of the New Archive of the Lithuanian State, the fund of the Kaunas Movement of the Kaunas Regional State Archive, the periodical press of the time were analysed, and the following scientific research was made available.

In industry, the modelling of product / process assemblies is based on the concept of Geometrical Product Specification and Tolerancing analysis. One of the main hypotheses is the rigid workpiece principle. However, for some parts and assemblies, this assumption can be not acceptable. Thus, in this paper, the authors propose an approach to take into account the flexibility of the assemblies in the 3D tolerancing analysis. Designed on a hybridization between the tolerancing methods and finite element analysis, an original approach, based on a rigid / flexible linear model, is developed to build flexible stack-ups and fully integrated in 3DX®, MECAmaster® and Abaqus® software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies in Politics & Society / Polityka & Społeczeństwo is the property of University of Rzeszow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Information & Media is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Gold has been one of the most vastly used noble metals due to its unique properties. In modern manufacturing, gold is extensively used in electronics industry as electrical connectors due to the high conductivity and corrosion resistance. With advancements in gold chemistry and nanofabrication technologies, gold materials can be tailored down to the dimension of nanoscale, which enables various novel properties. However, it is still a huge challenge to realize practical functional devices by rational utilizing these gold nanostructures‐based materials. Herein, the recent developments in the design and fabrication of various functional devices based on assemblies and composites of gold nanostructures are summarized. Starting from the plasmonic effect, optical colorimetric sensors, optoelectronics and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensors are introduced. Followed by conductive devices with novel properties, flexible transparent conductors, stretchable electronics, wearable and implantable devices are discussed. Both bottom‐up and top‐down approaches to prepare assemblies and composites are covered. In addition, the challenges and future developments in the field are also addressed. It is believed that further developments in gold nanostructures‐based materials will greatly contribute to the next‐generation biosensors, optoelectronics, wearable and implantable electronics.

El libro que presentan al público Anders Blok e Ignacio Farías se inscribe en los debates contemporáneos sobre las posibilidades analíticas que ofrece la Teoría del Actor-Red (TAR) al campo de los estudios urbanos. Este reúne en 10 capítulos el trabajo de 16 investigadores, quienes contribuyen al estudio de las problemáticas urbanas desde la antropología (8), la sociología (4), la geografía (3) y la arquitectura (1). La mayor parte de los autores escriben desde Europa (Alemania, Reino Unido, Francia y España), con excepción de uno que lo hace desde la academia estadounidense y otros dos que lo hacen en colaboración entre investigadores de Chile y Reino Unido.

Soybean (Glycine max) is a legume species of significant economic and nutritional value. The yield of soybean continues to increase with the breeding of improved varieties, and this is likely to continue with the application of advanced genetic and genomic approaches for breeding. Genome technologies continue to advance rapidly, with an increasing number of high-quality genome assemblies becoming available. With accumulating data from marker arrays and whole-genome resequencing, studying variations between individuals and populations is becoming increasingly accessible. Furthermore, the recent development of soybean pangenomes has highlighted the significant structural variation between individuals, together with knowledge of what has been selected for or lost during domestication and breeding, information that can be applied for the breeding of improved cultivars. Because of this, resources such as genome assemblies, SNP datasets, pangenomes and associated databases are becoming increasingly important for research underlying soybean crop improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MEK1 interactions with B-Raf and KSR1 are key steps in Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling. Despite this, vital mechanistic details of how these execute signal transduction are still enigmatic. Among these is why, despite B-Raf and KSR1 kinase domains similarity, the B-Raf/MEK1 and KSR1/MEK1 complexes have distinct contributions to MEK1 activation, and broadly, what is KSR1’s role. Our molecular dynamics simulations clarify these still unresolved ambiguities. Our results reveal that the proline-rich (P-rich) loop of MEK1 plays a decisive role in MEK1 activation loop (A-loop) phosphorylation. In the inactive B-Raf/MEK1 heterodimer, the collapsed A-loop of B-Raf interacts with the P-rich loop and A-loop of MEK1, minimizing MEK1 A-loop fluctuation and preventing it from phosphorylation. In the active B-Raf/MEK1 heterodimer, the P-rich loop moves in concert with the A-loop of B-Raf as it extends. This reduces the number of residues interacting with MEK1 A-loop, allowing increased A-loop fluctuation, and bringing Ser222 closer to ATP for phosphorylation. B-Raf αG-helix Arg662 promotes MEK1 activation by orienting Ser218 towards ATP. In KSR1/MEK1, the KSR1 αG-helix has Ala826 in place of B-Raf Arg662. This difference results in much fewer interactions between KSR1 αG-helix and MEK1 A-loop, thus a more flexible A-loop. We postulate that if KSR1 were to adopt an active configuration with an extended A-loop as seen in other protein kinases, then the MEK1 P-rich loop would extend in a similar manner, as seen in the active B-Raf/MEK1 heterodimer. This would result in highly flexible MEK1 A-loop, and KSR1 functioning as an active, B-Raf-like, kinase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I reflect on the ways in which the families of popular sectors produce their houses through the different movements they make towards community spaces and the links they establish with policies and people. I study how and in what places they are constituted. What roles do daily flows play in their conformation and the policies and things that circulate? How are the various functions of the house supported? As part of ethnographic fieldwork done from 2017 to 2020 in a popular neighborhood in Mar del Plata (Argentina), I propose the house as a network that generates practices. In turn, the house must be extended for its materialization, in constant movement, and produced through the persistent and variable assemblage of actors and places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study the main numerical characteristics of the reliability indicators for the Komatsu SAA4D104E-1 engines of the KOMATSU WB93R-5 backhoe loader have been determined, and the laws of resource allocation have been established. To study the level of reliability of machines, a methodology for experimental research has been developed, where the complex, comparative and formal methods, as well as the systematic, cybernetic and statistical approach have been used. It has been found that increasing the level of reliability of the engine elements can be improved by increasing the quality and timeliness of the repair and maintenance activities and compliance with the rules of operation. This study is a continuation of a study conducted by the author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a response to the observation that little attention has been paid to the relationship between production (manufacturing) system design and product quality. In particular, only very limited work exists analyzing assembly system quality when multiple products are produced in the same system. Here, a computational scheme to estimate material, capacity and resource requirements in assembly manufacturing systems with imperfect quality is proposed. Accurate estimation of these requirements is vital to system design. The proposed scheme integrates the design of both production and inspection systems, accounts for inspection errors of both types—missing defective units and false rejection—and enables the comparison of alternative designs. In addition, the structure of the inspection system significantly affects both the volumes of material flows and the structure of the material flow network. These ramifications of imperfect quality have been overlooked thus far, but are also examined and discussed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the possibilities provided by the provisions of the Polish law to dissolve an assembly in order to guarantee security. The author analyzes the provisions of the Polish normative system that defines the essence and scope of the right to freedom of an assembly, and which sets the limits of this freedom. The paper presents the types of assemblies and the typical features of individual assemblies, entities authorized to issue a decision to dissolve an assembly, as well as the premises legalizing the possibility of dissolving each assembly and the differences between these premises. The author also raises the problem of the legal form of the decision to dissolve an assembly, the procedure for issuing it, and the problems associated with determining the appropriate appeal procedure against the decision to terminate the spontaneous assembly.

When it comes to principles of law, most often these issues in the legal consciousness of ordinary people are misunderstood and they are perceived solely as theoretical matter, as something completely out of touch with the real life on the ground and something without any practical importance. In this material, the author proves the opposite, namely, he shows on concrete cases when constitutional principles directly affect the nature of the actions of all subjects of freedom of peaceful assembly in Russia and Germany. The main attention is focused on the written principles of freedom of peaceful assembly, which are stipulated in the constitutional legislation of the two countries, namely, the author studies the content of two main constitutional principles of the freedom of assembly: principles of peacefulness and unarmed assembly. In addition, the article systematically reviews the existing unwritten principles of freedom of peaceful assembly, which originate in the provisions of international treaties, including the provisions of the “soft law”, which forms as a specific source of international law. Based on comparative research the author provides recommendations to amend the current federal law by introducing a separate chapter which would describe the freedom of peaceful assembly as the most important constitutional legal value and which would also consolidate the set of fundamental principles of this constitutional freedom: the presumption in favour of holding peaceful assemblies; the state’s positive obligation to facilitate and protect peaceful assembly; proportionality and on-discrimination of any restrictions imposed on freedom of assembly; the principle of good administration and transparency of the decision-making process, as well as the liability of the regulatory authority for the violation of the constitutional principles of freedom of peaceful assembly. The author ended with the conclusion that it is necessary to enshrine explicitly in the Russian legislation the positive obligation of state and municipal authorities to monitor the freedom of peaceful assembly, namely the obligation to collect, systematize and publish official statistical information on the number and types of public events held in settlements of the Russian Federation, as well as the information about the number and reasons for ban of the public event during the notification procedure.

Neurons are thought to act as parts of assemblies with strong internal excitatory connectivity. Conversely, inhibition is often reduced to blanket inhibition with no targeting specificity. We analyzed the structure of excitation and inhibition in the MICrONS $mm^{3}$ dataset, an electron microscopic reconstruction of a piece of cortical tissue. We found that excitation was structured around a feed-forward flow in large non-random neuron motifs with a structure of information flow from a small number of sources to a larger number of potential targets. Inhibitory neurons connected with neurons in specific sequential positions of these motifs, implementing targeted and symmetrical competition between them. None of these trends are detectable in only pairwise connectivity, demonstrating that inhibition is structured by these large motifs. While descriptions of inhibition in cortical circuits range from non-specific blanket-inhibition to targeted, our results describe a form of targeting specificity existing in the higher-order structure of the connectome. These findings have important implications for the role of inhibition in learning and synaptic plasticity., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press.)

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Applying simulations with structure‐based Go¯−like models has proven to be an effective strategy for investigating the factors that control biomolecular dynamics. The common element of these models is that some (or all) of the intra/inter‐molecular interactions are explicitly defined to stabilize an experimentally determined structure. To facilitate the development and application of this broad class of models, we previously released the SMOG 2 software package. This suite allows one to easily customize and distribute structure‐based (i.e., SMOG) models for any type of polymer‐ligand system. The force fields generated by SMOG 2 may then be used to perform simulations in highly optimized MD packages, such as Gromacs, NAMD, LAMMPS, and OpenMM. Here, we describe extensions to the software and demonstrate the capabilities of the most recent version (SMOG v2.4.2). Changes include new tools that aid user‐defined customization of force fields, as well as an interface with the OpenMM simulation libraries (OpenSMOG v1.1.0). The OpenSMOG module allows for arbitrary user‐defined contact potentials and non‐bonded potentials to be employed in SMOG models, without source‐code modifications. To illustrate the utility of these advances, we present applications to systems with millions of atoms, long polymers and explicit ions, as well as models that include non‐structure‐based (e.g., AMBER‐based) energetic terms. Examples include large‐scale rearrangements of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike protein, the HIV‐1 capsid with explicit ions, and crystallographic lattices of ribosomes and proteins. In summary, SMOG 2 and OpenSMOG provide robust support for researchers who seek to develop and apply structure‐based models to large and/or intricate biomolecular systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As cancer is one of the main leading causes of mortality, a series of monotherapies such as chemotherapy, gene therapy and radiotherapy have been developed to overcome this thorny problem. However, a single treatment approach could not achieve satisfactory effect in many experimental explorations. Results: In this study, we report the fabrication of cyclic RGD peptide (cRGD) modified Au4-iron oxide nanoparticle (Au4-IO NP-cRGD) based on aggregation-induced emission (AIE) as a multifunctional theranostic system. Besides Au4 cluster-based fluorescence imaging and enhanced radiotherapy, iron oxide (IO) nanocluster could realize magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and Fenton reaction-based chemotherapy. Abundant toxic reactive oxygen species generated from X-ray irradiation and in situ tumor-specific Fenton reaction under acidic microenvironment leads to the apoptotic and necrotic death of cancer cells. In vivo studies demonstrated good biocompatibility of Au4-IO NP-cRGD and a high tumor suppression rate of 81.1% in the synergistic therapy group. Conclusions: The successful dual-modal imaging and combined tumor therapy demonstrated AIE as a promising strategy for constructing multifunctional cancer theranostic platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]