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Aim: to analyze the results of surgical treatment of patients with ruptured arterial aneurysms in the presence of occlusive-stenotic lesions of cerebral arteries and to evaluate the impact of combined lesions on the choice of surgical treatment method. Materials and methods. A retrospective study was conducted on the medical histories of patients with aneurysmal disease of cerebral arteries from 2006 to 2022. The main group consisted of 63 patients with occlusive-stenotic lesions of cerebral arteries who underwent surgery for ruptured arterial aneurysm. The comparison group included 63 patients without occlusive-stenotic lesions. The analysis included an assessment of neurological status, examination results, and statistical data processing. Results. Occlusive-stenotic lesions of the head and neck arteries were more frequently observed in men, the maximum difference in age was found at a stenosis of 50–75 % (men – 48.30 ± 2.51 years; women – 62.00 ± 5.06 years, p < 0.01). Cerebral artery stenosis was more commonly observed in cases of ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms. The main group had more fatal cases (n = 5) compared to the comparison group (n = 2), p = 0.25. Conclusions. Ruptured arterial aneurysms are more frequently diagnosed in the presence of middle cerebral artery stenosis (p < 0.05). Ruptured aneurysms in patients with occlusive-stenotic lesions of cerebral arteries are more often diagnosed in middle age (p = 0.0001). The combination of stenosis and aneurysm complicates the disease course and affects the choice of surgical method. Patients with combined lesions have a higher risk of ischemic complications (p = 0.03). The greatest life risks arise from ruptured arterial aneurysms in men with concomitant arterial stenosis. The main risk factors are occlusive-stenotic lesions of the arteries, recurrent hemorrhages, and large intracranial hemorrhages.

Hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorder (HV-LPD) is a rare cutaneous form of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) that presents with vesicular lesions induced by sun-exposure. Arterial aneurysm is a rare but potentially fatal complication of CAEBV and HV-LPD.

Objective – to investigate the clinical and morphological characteristics of the manifestations of the rupture of arterial aneurysms of the brain in patients with occlusive-stenotic lesions of the cerebral arteries. Materials and methods. 1147 case histories of patients with aneurysmal disease of the cerebral arteries who underwent comprehensive examination and treatment in the Department of Neurosurgical Pathology of Head and Neck Vessels with X-ray Surgical Department «Romodanov Institute of Neurosurgery NAMS of Ukraine» since 2006 until 2022. The medical histories of 126 patients who were included in this study and divided into two groups were studied in detail. The criteria for inclusion in the main group (38 men and 25 women) were: surgical treatment; rupture of arterial aneurysm the presence (proven using instrumental examination methods) of occlusive-stenotic lesions.The criteria for inclusion in the control group (38 men and 25 women) were: surgical treatment; rupture of arterial aneurysm; absence (proven by means of instrumental examination methods) of occlusive-stenotic lesions; the gender and age distribution had to match the main group.Among the patients included in this study, there were 76 men (60.32 %) and 50 women (39.68 %). The age of the patients varied from 31 to 77 years. The average age of patients ‒ 55.9 ± 0.76 years. Results. The Hunt‒Hess severity of patients was approximately the same between the main and control groups. When evaluated by the World Federation of Neurologican Surgeons (WFNS) and Glasgow Coma scale (GCS), more patients in the control group had a lighter score. Aneurysms of the anterior cerebral-anterior connecting artery complex prevailed in both groups. A higher frequency of arterial aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery was revealed among patients of the main group (main group ‒ 27.0 %, comparison group 15.8 %). The higher number of multiple aneurysms in the main group (the main group ‒ 25.4 %, the controlgroup ‒ 12.7 %) and the smaller number of miliary aneurysms and the larger number of large aneurysms in the main group may indicate the predominance of congenital etiological factors common to both pathologies in the development of the disease until the rupture of the arterial aneurysm. Conclusions. Gender differences were established with a predominance of men among patients of the main group (60.32 %). The average age of men with occlusive-stenotic lesions was lower than that of women (men – 54.3±0.94 years, women – 58.3±1.19 years). The difference in age is especially pronounced in the subgroup of the main group where the severity of stenosis is 50‒75 % (men ‒ 48.3 years; women ‒ 62.0 years).The neurological status of patients with a hemorrhagic stroke, as a result of the rupture of an arterial aneurysm, is significantly aggravated by occlusive-stenotic lesions due to the occurrence of chronic brain ischemia. The worst prognosis is in men with a ruptured arterial aneurysm and a 50‒75 % stenotic lesion.

Embolization is one of the four approaches to the treatment of arteriovenous malformations. Typical complications of endovascular interventions include intraoperative or postoperative hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, perforation or dissection of a vessel, forced retention of a microcatheter in vessels due to polymerization of embolic material. Infectious complications after endovascular interventions and brain abscesses caused by Escherichia coli have been reported quite rarely. Although abscess formation after embolization is extremely rare, it is a serious condition that requires immediate treatment. This is a case of a unique clinical picture of a spontaneous brain abscess caused by Escherichia coli on the background of a giant arteriovenous malformation in an adult man without a typical route of infection and immunosuppression. This possibility should be taken into account in the treatment of arteriovenous malformation of the brain. A 37-year-old patient complained of convulsive attacks, increased body temperature, impaired speech, and right-sided hemiparesis. A brain abscess developed 1 month after the third stage of embolization of a giant arteriovenous brain malformation. Cultures of the contents of the abscess showed a positive result for Escherichia coli. During the long course of treatment, relapses of the abscess were registered several times, with each of them a complex approach to solving the problem was used ‒ a combination of surgical intervention and antibiotic therapy. Choosing the most effective method of treatment makes it possible to prevent or reduce the likelihood of complications and improve the patient's quality of life. Long and repeated procedures, partial exclusion of the malformation, repeated passages with microinstrumentation, use of a significant amount of substance for embolization can cause the development of inflammation, thrombus formation in the vessels of arteriovenous malformations and increase the risk of developing purulent-infectious complications after endovascular neurosurgical interventions. Consideration of the given clinical case will contribute to deepening the understanding of this pathology.

Introduction. The relevance of conducting this study is determined by the necessity to create organizational conditions and optimize the clinical-diagnostic aspect of medical care for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and acute stroke. This aims to improve patients' quality of life by enhancing the effectiveness of medical care provision in Ukraine. This improvement is based on identifying the causes and analyzing deficiencies in medical care for these conditions. The aim of the research is to investigate the specificity of deficiencies in providing medical care to patients with isolated traumatic brain injury and acute hemorrhagic stroke due to the rupture of cerebral arterial aneurysms based on a retrospective analysis of medical documentation, as well as the results of patient treatment in cases of discrepancies between clinical and forensic diagnoses concerning the primary, concomitant diseases, and their complications. Materials and methods. Clinical assessment of the results of providing care to patients with traumatic brain injury and stroke was conducted through a retrospective analysis of medical documentation of patients who were hospitalized with these pathologies. The applied methods include clinical and laboratory investigations of homeostasis and metabolism parameters, and instrumental techniques. Results. In the identified influence of the timing of the operation (within the first few days) and the breakthrough of blood in the subarachnoid space of the brain, including with intracranial hemorrhage as a result of a re-rupture of a cerebral arterial aneurysm, on the risk of lethal outcomes of surgical treatment, a rationale for searching ways to optimize therapeutic tactics in this category of patients was provided. This includes identifying defects and shortcomings in the organizational aspect of medical care. Conclusions. Based on the analysis and identification of the most informative factors influencing the results of surgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms, a prediction system has been developed that allows calculating the probability of its outcome. The application of the forecast is advisable to consider in the prevention and timely detection of possible deficiencies in providing medical care to patients with stroke.

This case report addresses segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM), a rare non-inflammatory vasculopathy. A 51-year-old man presented at the emergency department for epigastric and left upper quadrant pain. He had a history of arterial hypertension and had recently received methylprednisolone for knee pain. Blood tests revealed elevated C-reactive protein levels at 40 mg/l and lactate dehydrogenase levels at 496 IU/ml. Abdominal computerized tomography showed arterial thickening, arterial dilatations, and dissections of the splenic and renal arteries, leading to organ ischemia. This case emphasizes the importance of considering SAM in cases of unexplained abdominal pain or suspected arteriopathy.

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Four therapeutic approaches have been developed for the treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs): microsurgery, radiosurgery, embolization, and conservative treatment. The lack of consensus regarding the choice of treatment method and the different specializations of the doctor who are onvolved to the patient with AVM often determine the wrong treatment strategy. We performed a prospective analysis of the results of AVM of the IV degree according to Spetzler‒Martin scale, 4–5 points on the Buffalo scale complex treatment, based on clinical and tomographic data after the use of partial endovascular embolization and radical microsurgical removal of the AVM node assisted by cell saving technology. According to cerebral angiography 4 months follow-up there is no visible AVM vessels, the malformation was completely resected. Treatment of large and giant AVMs (IV and V degrees according to the Spetzler‒Martin scale) requires tailored surgical treatment approache using endovascular, microsurgical and radiosurgical techniques, but in many cases without achieving a radical result. The use of cell saver technology is necessary to reduce the risks of intraoperative complications associated with blood loss during microsurgical intervention, and enables radical removal of the AVM and recovery of the patient. The role of cell saver technology is crucial in vascular microsurgical interventions, which are often accompanied by a significant volume of blood loss, ensuring rapid autologous hemotransfusion and restoration of circulating blood volume. Endovascular embolization is a necessary step to reduce the risks of intraoperative complications during microsurgical intervention, which, together with the use of cell saver technology, makes it possible to achieve radical AVM removal and patient recovery.

Objective: To evaluate the results of diagnosis and treatment of patients with cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) using modern technologies Methods: The results of the diagnosis and treatment of 105 patients with CVD for the period from January 2018 to May 2022 were evaluated. The age of the patients ranged from 10 to 75 years. The Glasgow Coma (GCS) and Hunt-Hess (HHS) Scales were used to assess the severity of the disease. In patients with arteriovenous malformation (AVM), the Spetzler-Martin grading scale was used to determine the size, location, and drainage into the deep cerebral veins. The Fisher scale was used in all cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Additional research methods included computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Results: Of the 105 patients, operations were performed in 55, the remaining 50 patients underwent conservative treatment (due to refusal of surgery). The main reasons for the development of non-traumatic intracranial hematomas (NICH) were: hypertension – in 30 (28.5%) cases, arterial aneurysm (AA) – in 12 (11.4%) cases, AVM – in 20 (19.5%) cases and other causes in 8 (7.6%) patients. Out of 38 (69.1%) patients operated on during the acute period, 5 (9.1%) underwent surgery during the first 5 days, while 12 (21.8%) – were operated on within 10-14 days. The following interventions were performed: external ventricular drainage – 10, removal of blood clots from the basal cisterns – 1, clipping of vessels – 7, and decompressive craniotomy – 37. In the group of operated patients, mortality was 9.1% (5 patients); mortality in the conservative treatment group constituted 40% (20 patients). Conclusion: The wider use of modern and highly informative imaging methods resulted in increased detection of asymptomatic AVMs and AA. This, in turn, contributed to the application of adequate treatment techniques in a relatively safe period of the disease, thereby reducing the frequency of deaths and serious complications.

Key Clinical Message Hydroa vacciniforme‐like lymphoproliferative disorder (HV‐LPD) is a rare cutaneous form of chronic active Epstein–Barr virus (CAEBV) that presents with vesicular lesions induced by sun‐exposure. Arterial aneurysm is a rare but potentially fatal complication of CAEBV and HV‐LPD.

Abstract The arterial aneurysm refers to localized dilation of blood vessel wall and is common in general population. The majority of aneurysm cases remains asymptomatic until a sudden rupture which is usually fatal and of extremely high mortality (~ 50–60%). Therefore, early diagnosis, prevention and management of aneurysm are in urgent need. Unfortunately, current understanding of disease driver genes of various aneurysm subtypes is still limited, and without appropriate biomarkers and drug targets no specialized drug has been developed for aneurysm treatment. In this research, aneurysm subtypes were analyzed based on protein–protein interaction network to better understand aneurysm pathogenesis. By measuring network-based proximity of aneurysm subtypes, we identified a relevant closest relationship between aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection. An improved random walk method was performed to prioritize candidate driver genes of each aneurysm subtype. Thereafter, transcriptomes of 6 human aneurysm subtypes were collected and differential expression genes were identified to further filter potential driver genes. Functional enrichment of above driver genes indicated a general role of ubiquitination and programmed cell death in aneurysm pathogenesis. Especially, we further observed participation of BCL-2-mediated apoptosis pathway and caspase-1 related pyroptosis in the development of cerebral aneurysm and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in corresponding transcriptomes.

Background: The etiopathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is still unclarified, but vascular inflammation and matrix metalloproteases activation have a recognized role in AAA development and progression. Circulating lipoproteins are involved in tissue inflammation and repair, particularly through the regulation of intracellular cholesterol, whose excess is associated to cell damage and proinflammatory activation. We analyzed lipoprotein metabolism and function in AAA and in control vasculopathic patients, to highlight possible non-atherosclerosis-related, specific abnormalities. Methods: We measured fluorometrically serum esterified/total cholesterol ratio, as an index of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity in patients referred to vascular surgery either for AAA (n=30) or stenotic aortic/peripheral atherosclerosis (n=21) having similar burden of cardiovascular risk factors and disease. We measured high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), through the ATP-binding cassette G1 (ABCG1) and A1 (ABCA1) pathways and serum cell cholesterol loading capacity (CLC), by radioisotopic and fluorimetric methods, respectively. Results: We found higher LCAT (+23%; p < 0.0001) and CETP (+49%; p < 0.0001) activity in AAA sera. HDL ABCG1-CEC was lower (-16%; p < 0.001) and ABCA1-CEC was higher (+31.7%; p < 0.0001) in AAA. Stratification suggests that smoking may partly contribute to these modifications. CEC and CETP activity correlated with CLC only in AAA. Conclusions: We demonstrated that compared to patients with stenotic atherosclerosis, patients with AAA had altered HDL metabolism and functions involved in their anti-inflammatory and tissue repair activity, particularly through the ABCG1-related intracellular signaling. Clarifying the relevance of this mechanism for AAA evolution might help in developing new diagnostic parameters and therapeutic targets for the early management of this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this study is to report a case of a 65-year-old woman who presented with pallor and pain of her left arm secondary to a true arterial brachial aneurysm, which was successfully treated with saphenous vein bypass and embolization of the aneurysm sac. A review of the literature is also presented. Case report: A 65-year-old woman presented with an acute onset of pallor and pain of her left forearm, and hand. On physical examination, there was a pulsatile mass at the forearm. A doppler ultrasound showed a fusiform aneurysmal dilatation of the brachial artery of 23 mm of diameter. A dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI angiogram confirmed a fusiform dilation of the distal brachial artery. The patient was scheduled for open repair. A fusiform 20 x 60 mm aneurysm of the distal brachial artery extending to the cubital fossa was found and a brachial artery to radial and ulnar arteries bypass with interposed reverse right saphenous vein was created. Embolization of the aneurysm sac was performed using Gelita-spon ® (Gelita Medical, Eberbach, Germany). A final angiogram showed an adequate perfusion through the bypass to the hand, and no contrast in the aneurysmal sac. Postoperative course was uneventful with discharge on the fourth postoperative day. Conclusion: Revascularization with autologous saphenous vein graft and exclusion of the aneurysm with local embolization is a good treatment alternative in a patient with symptomatic brachial aneurysm with distal embolization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Popliteal artery aneurysm (PAA) has been increasingly treated with endovascular intervention in recent years. However, whether transpedal access can be utilized to treat PAA has not been widely reported. We report a case of successful treatment of a PAA with a covered stent via retrograde transpedal approach in an 80-year male with prohibitive surgical risk who initially failed antegrade approach. This case demonstrates the feasibility of treating PAA via a retrograde transpedal access in selected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundThe etiopathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is still unclarified, but vascular inflammation and matrix metalloproteases activation have a recognized role in AAA development and progression. Circulating lipoproteins are involved in tissue inflammation and repair, particularly through the regulation of intracellular cholesterol, whose excess is associated to cell damage and proinflammatory activation. We analyzed lipoprotein metabolism and function in AAA and in control vasculopathic patients, to highlight possible non-atherosclerosis-related, specific abnormalities.MethodsWe measured fluorometrically serum esterified/total cholesterol ratio, as an index of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity in patients referred to vascular surgery either for AAA (n=30) or stenotic aortic/peripheral atherosclerosis (n=21) having similar burden of cardiovascular risk factors and disease. We measured high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), through the ATP-binding cassette G1 (ABCG1) and A1 (ABCA1) pathways and serum cell cholesterol loading capacity (CLC), by radioisotopic and fluorimetric methods, respectively.ResultsWe found higher LCAT (+23%; p < 0.0001) and CETP (+49%; p < 0.0001) activity in AAA sera. HDL ABCG1-CEC was lower (−16%; p < 0.001) and ABCA1-CEC was higher (+31.7%; p < 0.0001) in AAA. Stratification suggests that smoking may partly contribute to these modifications. CEC and CETP activity correlated with CLC only in AAA.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that compared to patients with stenotic atherosclerosis, patients with AAA had altered HDL metabolism and functions involved in their anti-inflammatory and tissue repair activity, particularly through the ABCG1-related intracellular signaling. Clarifying the relevance of this mechanism for AAA evolution might help in developing new diagnostic parameters and therapeutic targets for the early management of this condition.

Abstract Background Pazopanib is a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor that is used in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Post market reports demonstrate an increasing awareness of the association of arterial aneurysms and dissections with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor use, although, few reports exist for pazopanib. Case Here we report a 69‐year‐old patient with minimal cardiovascular risk factors who developed a rupture of a splenic arterial aneurysm after more than 5 years of effective treatment with pazopanib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Conclusion This case report outlines the necessity to monitor patients while on pazopanib, even when there are minimal risk factors and long periods of tolerance.

The aim of this study was to investigate sex-dependent aneurysm distributions. A total of 3107 patients with arterial aneurysms were diagnosed from 2006 to 2016. Patients with anything other than true aneurysms, hereditary connective tissue disorders or vasculitides (n = 918) were excluded. Affected arterial sites and age at first aneurysm diagnosis were compared between women and men by an unpaired two-tailed t-test and Fisher's exact test. The study sample consisted of 2189 patients, of whom 1873 were men (85.6%) and 316 women (14.4%) (ratio m:w = 5.9:1). Men had considerably more aneurysms in the abdominal aorta (83.4% vs. 71.1%; p < 0.001), common iliac artery (28.7% vs. 8.9%; p < 0.001), internal iliac artery (6.6% vs. 1.3%; p < 0.001) and popliteal artery (11.1% vs. 2.5%; p < 0.001). In contrast, women had a higher proportion of aneurysms in the ascending aorta (4.4% vs. 10.8%; p < 0.001), descending aorta (11.1% vs. 36.4%; p < 0.001), splenic artery (0.9% vs. 5.1%; p < 0.001) and renal artery (0.8% vs. 6.0%; p < 0.001). Age at disease onset and further aneurysm distribution showed no considerable difference. The infrarenal segment might be considered a natural border for aneurysm formation in men and women suspected to have distinct genetic, pathophysiologic and ontogenetic factors. Screening modalities for women at risk might need further adjustment, particularly thoracic cross-sectional imaging complementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective ‒ to evaluate the influence of age, gender and localization on the clinical manifestation of cerebral bifurcational-hemodynamic arterial aneurysms (AA). Materials and methods. The retrospective study is based on the results of a comprehensive examination and surgical treatment of 547 (100 %) patients with bifurcational-hemodynamic cerebral AA in the Department of neurosurgical pathology of head and neck vessels of Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute during the period from 2011 till 2019. Recruiting of the patient to the clinical groups was done during the period between 2011‒2016 with their follow-up examination until 2019. It were enrolled 268 ((49.0 ± 4.2) %) men and 279 ((51.0 ± 4.2) %) women with bifurcational-hemodynamic aneurysms. The age of the patients was 18‒84 years (mean age ‒ 49,0±12,2 year). Results. Clinical manifestation of the cerebral bifurcational-hemodynamic AA was more often seen in patients during working age (16‒60 years) — 430 ((78.5 ± 3.4) %) patients, more often in men (p˂0.05). The peak frequency of clinical manifestation of AA ‒ 34.2 % (187 patients) was seen in the age interval 51‒60 years (the male/female ratio ‒ 51.3 % (96) and 48.7 % (91)). In patients with AA, a significant predominance of women was observed in age group older 61 years (χ2 = 21.68, p 0.05). At other localizations, gender-age dependence was not observed. Multiple cerebral aneurysmal lesions were associated with clinical manifestation at the age of 41‒50 years in males with 3 AA. Conclusions. A statistically significant influence of age, gender and the presence of multiple cerebral AA on the clinical manifestation of the disease was revealed. Localization of AA did not affect the timing of the clinical manifestation.

Aneurysms of the extracranial carotid arteries can occur as a result of atherosclerotic degeneration, traumatic injury, dissection, or local infection or as a complication after carotid endarterectomy. Extracranial carotid artery aneurysm (ECAA) is an uncommon but important clinical entity. Carotid aneurysms are extremely rare in comparison with atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the same location. These aneurysms are also rare in comparison with aneurysms involving the intracranial carotid arteries and their branches. The reported incidence of incidental intracranial aneurysms discovered in autopsy studies ranges from 0.8% to 18%. The incidence of ECAA is largely unknown, but it represents only 1%–1.5% of procedures performed for extracranial cerebrovascular disease at major referral centers.

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a leading cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admission in pancreatic cancer patients., Aims: To analyze causes, ICU mortality and hemostatic treatment success rates of GI bleeding in pancreatic cancer patients requiring ICU admission., Methods: Retrospective multicenter cohort study between 2009 and 2021. Patients with a recent pancreatic resection surgery were excluded., Results: Ninety-five patients were included (62 % males, 67 years-old). Fifty-one percent presented hemorrhagic shock, 41 % required mechanical ventilation. Main GI bleeding causes were gastroduodenal tumor invasion (32 %), gastroesophageal varices (21 %) and arterial aneurysm (12 %). Arterial aneurysms were more frequent in patients with previous pancreatic resection (36 % vs 2 %, p < 0.001). Hemostatic procedures included gastroduodenal endoscopy in 81 % patients and arterial embolization in 28 % patients. ICU mortality was 19 %. Multivariate analysis identified four variables associated with mortality: performance status >2 (OR 9.34, p = 0.026), mechanical ventilation (OR 14.14, p = 0.003), treatment success (OR 0.09, p = 0.010), hemorrhagic shock (OR 11.24, p = 0.010). Treatment success was 46 % and was associated with aneurysmal bleeding (OR 29.89, p = 0.005), ongoing chemotherapy (OR 0.22, p = 0.016), and prothrombin time ratio (OR 1.05, p = 0.001)., Conclusion: In pancreatic cancer patients with severe GI bleeding, early identification of aneurysmal bleeding (particularly in case of previous resection surgery) and coagulopathy management may increase the treatment success and reduce mortality., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest None., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The arterial aneurysm refers to localized dilation of blood vessel wall and is common in general population. The majority of aneurysm cases remains asymptomatic until a sudden rupture which is usually fatal and of extremely high mortality (~ 50–60%). Therefore, early diagnosis, prevention and management of aneurysm are in urgent need. Unfortunately, current understanding of disease driver genes of various aneurysm subtypes is still limited, and without appropriate biomarkers and drug targets no specialized drug has been developed for aneurysm treatment. In this research, aneurysm subtypes were analyzed based on protein–protein interaction network to better understand aneurysm pathogenesis. By measuring network-based proximity of aneurysm subtypes, we identified a relevant closest relationship between aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection. An improved random walk method was performed to prioritize candidate driver genes of each aneurysm subtype. Thereafter, transcriptomes of 6 human aneurysm subtypes were collected and differential expression genes were identified to further filter potential driver genes. Functional enrichment of above driver genes indicated a general role of ubiquitination and programmed cell death in aneurysm pathogenesis. Especially, we further observed participation of BCL-2-mediated apoptosis pathway and caspase-1 related pyroptosis in the development of cerebral aneurysm and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in corresponding transcriptomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK1) is one of the positive regulators of apoptosis, and it is widely involved in apoptosis induced by multiple pathways. We examined that the function of DAPK1 in Clinical treatment of arterial aneurysm and its underlying mechanisms. Arterial aneurysm is a common cerebrovascular disease with high disability and fatality rate. Objectives: Male C57BL/6 mice or DAPK1−/− mice were injected with 50 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium and then were injected with angiotensin II (AngII) infusion for vivo model. hASMCs (Human artery smooth muscle cell) were treated with murine recombinant IL-6 (20 ng ml−1; Cell Signaling) for vitro model. Results: DAPK1 gene, mRNA expression, and protein expression were induced in mice of arterial aneurysm. DAPK1 mRNA expression was increased and Area Under Curve was 0.9075 in patients with arterial aneurysm. Knockout of DAPK1 decreased inflammation and vascular injury in mice model of arterial aneurysm. Beclin1/NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3) signal pathway is a critical downstream effector of DAPK1 by TAP production. The regulation of Beclin1 participated in the effects of DAPK1 on inflammation of arterial aneurysm by ATP-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome. The regulation of NLRP3 participated in the effects of DAPK1 on inflammation of arterial aneurysm. Conclusion: Collectively, our data indicated that DAPK1 may be a potential biomarker for arterial aneurysm in clinical treatment and activated inflammation levels in arterial aneurysm through NLRP3 inflammasome by Beclin1. DAPK1 might be a key pathogenic event underlying excess inflammation of arterial aneurysm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of and identify characteristics associated with the presence of aneurysms in a cohort of patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT).Materials and Methods: In the study institution's HHT database, 418 patients with a definite HHT diagnosis were identified based on the clinical Curaçao criteria and/or an HHT-associated genetic mutation. Regression modeling was used to evaluate the association between arterial aneurysms and older age, male sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, genetic mutations, the presence of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) unrelated to the aneurysms, and HHT-related genetic mutations.Results: Forty-three (10.3%) patients had at least 1 aneurysm. Sixteen (3.8%) patients had multiple aneurysms. Of the variables analyzed, older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0-1.1), the presence of anatomically and flow-unrelated AVMs (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.3-8.0), and the presence of activin A receptor type II-like 1 (ACVRL1) mutation (OR = 4.0; 95% CI: 1.5-10) were associated with the presence of at least 1 aneurysm.Conclusions: In this cohort of patients with HHT, the prevalence of intracranial and visceral arterial aneurysms was estimated to be 10.3%. Older age, the presence of unrelated AVMs, and the presence of the ACVRL1 mutation were associated with the presence of arterial aneurysms. Further study is required to assess the clinical importance and risk of rupture of aneurysms in patients with HHT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved multiple systemic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors since 2004 to treat various malignancies. Inhibition of the VEGF signaling pathway can result in impairment of vascular wall integrity through medial degeneration and endothelial dysfunction, potentially resulting in arterial (including aortic) aneurysm/dissection. We performed a postmarketing review to evaluate arterial aneurysm/dissection as a potential safety risk for patients with cancer treated with VEGF inhibitors. We searched the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database and literature for reports of arterial (including aortic) aneurysm/dissection with VEGF inhibitors currently approved by the FDA for a cancer indication. We identified 240 cases of arterial aneurysm/dissection associated with VEGF inhibitors. The median time to onset of an arterial aneurysm/dissection event from the initiation of a VEGF inhibitor was 94 days (range 1–1955 days). Notably, 22% (53/240) of cases reported fatal outcomes related to arterial aneurysm/dissection. We determined the drug–event association as probable in 15 cases that lacked relevant confounding factors for arterial aneurysm/dissection, which is supported by unremarkable computed tomography (CT) findings prior to starting VEGF inhibitor therapy, despite nondrug-associated background arterial aneurysm/dissection generally demonstrating preexisting arterial abnormalities. FAERS and literature case-level evidence suggests that VEGF inhibitors may have contributed to arterial aneurysm/dissection, as a class effect, based on short onset relative to natural history of disease and biologic plausibility. Cardiovascular and oncology healthcare professionals should be aware of this rare, but life-threatening safety risk associated with VEGF inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 57‐year‐old man with a family history of aortic aneurysm was found, during assessment of unexplained fever, to have an infrarenal aortic aneurysm requiring immediate repair. Dilatation of popliteal and iliac arteries was also present. Progressive aortic root dilatation with aortic regurgitation was documented from 70 years leading to valve‐sparing aortic root replacement at 77 years, at which time genetic studies identified a likely pathogenic FBN1 missense variant c.6916C > T (p.Arg2306Cys) in exon 56. The proband's lenses were normally positioned and the Marfan syndrome (MFS) systemic score was 0/20. Cascade genetic testing identified 15 other family members with the FBN1 variant, several of whom had unsuspected aortic root dilatation; none had ectopia lentis or MFS systemic score ≥ 7. Segregation analysis resulted in reclassification of the FBN1 variant as pathogenic. The combination of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) and a pathogenic FBN1 variant in multiple family members allowed a diagnosis of MFS using the revised Ghent criteria. At 82 years, the proband's presenting abdominal aortic aneurysm was diagnosed retrospectively to have resulted from IgG4‐related inflammatory aortopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective – to study the experience and technical possibilities of the optimal using of the endoscopic assistance during different stages of intracranial surgical procedures in patients with chiasmal–sellar tumors (CST) and arterial aneurysms (AA) of the anterior circulation (AC). Materials and methods. The results of initial series of 59 patients with CST and 14 patients with AA of the AC who were operated at Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute NAMS of Ukraine between 2012 to August 2017, with the using of endoscopic assistance at the different stages of procedure were analyzed. There were used following methods: clinical and neurological exams, laboratory measurements, instrumental evaluation, neuroimaging (brain Computer Tomography (CT), CT Angiography, brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRA), Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA), Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) of cerebral vessels), functional (Doppler Ultrasound (DU) of the head and neck vessels), morphological evaluation, electroencephalography, statistical analysis. Results. The choice of surgical tactics and approach for CST was performed considering the localization and expansion of CST on the seller region (ante, retro, para, endosellar) and three-dimensional virtual and material modeling. According to the histological type, distribution of CST was follow: tuberculum and diaphragm sellar meningioma – 22 (37.2%) cases, craniopharyngioma – 15 (25.5%), pituitary adenomas – 14 (23.8%), epidermoid and dermoid cysts – 5 (8.5%), optic nerve gliomas – 3 (5.1%). Craniotomy approaches was follow: supraorbital – in 25 (42.4%) patients, pterional – in 18 (30.5%), modified orbitozygomatic- in 16 (27.1%). In 48 (81.3%) cases, initial removal was done, and in 11 (18.7 %) – repeated surgical interventions (regrowth and residual growth of the pituitary adenoma – 7 (63.6%) cases, craniopharyngioma – 4 (36.4%). Microscopic tumor removal were considered as radical in 46 among 56 patients (82.1%). Postoperative mortality was 2.49% (1 patient). The new onset of diabetes insipidus occurred in 3 (5.1%) observations, transient functional disorders, including cosmetic – in 38 (64.4%). Thirty-two (54.3%) patients showed an improvement of visual function (expansion of vision fields, regression of scotomas and / or increased of visual acuity according to Kadasheva scale assessment). Patients with AA of the AC underwent microsurgical procedure under endoscopic assistance and measuring the depth of the wound and the angles of the surgical field during pterional approach – in 9 (64.3%), orbitozygomatic – in 1 (7.1%), pterional with anterior clinoidectomy – in 2 (14.3%), infratemporal – in 2 (14.3%) cases. The evaluation of results included an assessment of AA clipping: Simple clip – 6 (42.9%), Multiple clips – 8 (57.1%). Following intraoperative complication was seen – AA rupture in 1 (7.1%) case, and secondary postoperative ischemic complication in 1 (7.1%) case. The grade of AA exclusion from the blood flow after clipping was done according to Raymond scale: class I – 13 (92.9%) cases, class II – 1 (7.1%). The quality of life of the surgical treated patients was evaluated using Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale. Full and good recovery was observed in 6 (42.9%) patients, mild dependence in 4 (28.6%), moderate dependence in 4 (28.6%). Conclusions. Endoscopic assistant should be used during tumor inspection, its dissection and for control of radical removal considering the size of the bone window, parameters of surgical approach and quality of microscopic visualization. Extreme importance has the utilization of endoscopic assistance for controlling of tumor removal, since its remaining may be inaccessible for microscopic examination, which is situated in «blind» spots. Endoscopic assistance during different stages of clipping of AA of the AC is accessory technique that improves intraoperative visualization during separation of the affected aneurysmal arterial segment of the AC, determining the anatomical location of the perforating arteries, AA neck regions, assessment of the clip / clips position on the AA neck or AA body without additional traction on the wound margins, and for inaccessible regions for microscope examination.

Objective – according to the separate clinical observation to evaluate the strategy and tactics of an individualized treatment planning after the rupture of posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm in acute period of hemorrhagic stroke. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the case of microsurgical treatment of PICA aneurysm in the acute period after hemorrhage was performed. The patient’s diagnosis and treatment was held at the State Institution «Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute, NAMS of Ukraine» in 2019. The patients age at the time of diagnosis was 50 years. The complex of diagnostic workout included clinical neurological examination, instrumental (neuroimaging and functional tests) and laboratory investigation. Results. According to the results of comprehensive clinical and instrumental examination, patient underwent emergency combined one-stage surgical procedure that include aneurysms clipping with external ventriculostomy of the posterior horn of the right lateral ventricle for surgical correction of the consequences after aneurysms rupture (expansion of the blood into the ventricular system, with hemotamponade of III and IV ventricle, internal obstructive hydrocephalus), which caused the emergency of surgical procedure. The intervention (external drainage of the posterior horn of the right lateral ventricle, clipping of left PICA aneurysm) was performed on the 5th day after rapture. Operation and postoperative period have passed without complications with positive neurological and neuroimaging follow-up. Conclusions. The applied diagnostic and therapeutic options can be utilized as a method of choice for individualized surgical planning after rapture of PICA aneurysm.

Objective – to establish the features of clinical presentation and to optimize surgical treatment of arterial aneurysms (AA) of the anterior cerebral artery–anterior connecting artery (ACA–AComA) complex. Materials and methods. The results of surgical treatment of 267 (100 %) patients with AA of the ACA–AComA complex during the period from 01.01.2011 till 31.12.2017 were analyzed. There were 143 (53.6 %) women and 124 (46.4 %) men. Microsurgical clipping was performed in 165 (61.8 %) cases, endovascular coiling in 122 (38.2 %) cases. The organization of the medical care, clinical and instrumental examinations, medical and surgical treatment was done according to the current protocols (the Decree of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine dated April 17, 2014, N 275, EBM Guidelines, 28.8.2017, Juha E. Jääskeläinen). Results. The AA rupture was diagnosed in 238 (89.2 %) patients. 181 (67.9 %) patients were hospitalized till the 28th day since AA rapture. The severity of the patients state according to the level of conscious during hospitalization: in conscious – 92 (34.4 %), obtunded – in 127 (47.6 %), stuporous – in 28 (10.5 %), comatose – 20 (7.5 %). The severity of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) according to WFNS (World Federation of Neurological Surgeons) Grading Scale: grade I – in 63 (23.6 %) patients, grade II – in 43 (16.1 %) patients, grade III – in 78 (29.2 %) patients, grade IV – in 36 (13.5 %) patients, grade V – in 18 (6.8 %) patients. Altered mental status was found in 87 (32.6 %) patients, among them in 29 (10.8 %) patients with non-hemorrhagic presentation. Motor deficiency was diagnosed in 116 (43.4 %) patients, cranial nerve palsy – in 42 (15.7 %) patients, particular visual disturbances – in 28 (10.5 %) cases, oculomotor palsy – in 5 (1, 9 %) cases, visual and oculomotor disturbances – in 9 (3.3 %) cases. Subarachnoid hemorrhage with intracerebral hematoma was detected in 184 (77.3 %) patients. Localization of hematomas: frontal lobes – 161 (87.5 %) cases, corpus callosum – 15 (8.1 %) and/or septum pellucidum – 8 (4.4 %). The intraventricular hemorrhage was diagnosed in 81 (34 %) patients: 1–4 points according to Graeb score – in 32 (39.5 %) patients, 5–8 points – in 27 (33.3 %) patients, 9–12 points – in 22 (27.2 %) patients. Lateral or axial dislocation was found in 28 (11.8 %) cases. Cerebral vasospasm in acute period was observed in 59.7 % of patients, and in 19.3 % of patients in «cold» period. The localization of the AA of ACA–AComA complex (according to M.G. Yasargil): anterior – in 50 (18.7 %) cases, posterior – in 42 (15.7 %), superior – in 98 (36.7 %), inferior – in 35 (13.2 %), mixed projection – 42 (15.7 %) cases. Saccular aneurysms were found in 192 (71.9 %) patients, «complex» AA – in 75 (28.1 %). The size of AA in the most observations (252 (94.3 %)) was less than 15 mm. Hypoplasia or aplasia of one A1 segments of ACA we revealed in 45 (18.9 %) cases. Comorbid conditions: hypertension (HTN) – in 175 (65.5 %) patients, the combination of HTN with ischemic heart disease (IHD) – in 117 (43.8 %), hypertension, HTN in combination with systemic atherosclerosis – in 87 (32.6 %), diabetes mellitus (DM) – in 61 (22.8 %), combination of HTN, IHD, DM and systemic atherosclerosis – in 47 (17.6 %) cases. According to the timing of procedure, there were 54 (20.2 %) emergency procedure, 127 (47.6 %) urgent, and 86 (32.2 %) semi-elective. In 37 (68.5 %) cases, emergency surgical interventions were microsurgical clipping, in 32 (59.3 %) – combined. Class I of occlusion of the treated AA according to Raymond scale was achieved in 93.9 % after microsurgical clipping, and 77.5 % after endovascular coiling. Favorable outcome according to Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) after surgical treatment were achieved in 75.3 % with a total mortality of 7.1 %, and significant differences in outcome in groups with different timing of surgery. Conclusions. It was found that hemorrhagic presentation with the formation of intracerebral hematoma in the frontal lobes, with dislocation syndrome, intraventricular expansion, cerebral vasospasm with clinical manifestations of the I–III grade of SAH of WFNS scale, motor deficiency (43.4 % of cases), cranial nerve palsy (15.7 %) and altered mental status (32.6 %) was typical for AA of ACA–AComA complex. It was found the dependence of outcome after surgical treatment of AA of ACA–AComA complex from the timing and method of surgical procedure. The criteria for the selection of optimal surgical tactic are the type of clinical presentation of the disease, the timing after aneurysms rapture, the severity of the preoperative condition, the presence of cerebral vasospasm, anatomical and topographical characteristics of the aneurysm.

The results of the study of metabolic and clinical-radiological changes in patients of two groups with and without symptomatic epilepsy on the background of hemorrhages from ruptured arterial aneurysms are shown. The findings suggest that there is the development of hypoxic nature of violations with the activation of prooxidant reactions in both groups, however, in patients with symptomatic epilepsy was found a significant decrease in antioxidant activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic cell protection systems with increasing the production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha in contrast to the group of patients without epilepsy.

Purpose: Blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) have a high risk of early recurrence and postoperative rebleeding. This study compared the clinical outcomes and complications between endovascular intervention with low-profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) stent-assisted coiling and the surgical clipping in patients with BBAs. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 39 patients with BBAs who underwent endovascular intervention with LVIS stent-assisted coiling (n = 21) or surgical clipping (n = 18) between January 2013 and July 2018. Primary outcomes were mortality and modified Rankin scale (mRS). Secondary outcomes were hospital stay, intensive care unit (ICU) stay and operation parameters. Complications were also retrospectively collated. Results: At baseline, the two groups were well balanced in patient characteristics. The hospital stays, ICU stays, operation time and intraoperative infusion volume were all significantly lower in LVIS group than that in clipping group (p < 0.05). A second operation was performed in 6 cases in the clipping group but none in the LVIS group (p = 0.006). The mean mRS score in the LVIS group was significantly lower than that of the clipping group both at hospital discharge and final follow-up (p < 0.001). Adverse outcomes occurred in 1 case in LVIS group and 7 in clipping group, with significant difference (p = 0.015). Complications were reported in 8 cases in LVIS group and 16 cases in clipping group, with significant difference (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The endovascular intervention with LVIS stent-assisted coiling has better prognosis than surgical clipping. It decreased the risk of a second operation and procedure-related complications compared with surgical clipping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the results of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and great saphenous vein (GSV) bypass after resection of a degenerative aneurysm of the carotid artery. From January 1994 to November 2017, 37 patients (27 men) with a mean age of 58 years (range, 39-82 years) with a degenerative aneurysm of the carotid artery (median diameter, 28 mm; range, 19-42 mm), underwent resection of the aneurysm followed by a bypass with either a GSV (n = 10) or a PTFE prosthesis (n = 27). Although 31 patients were asymptomatic, 6 patients were symptomatic: transient ischemic attack (n = 4), minor stroke (n = 1), and compression of the hypoglossal nerve (n = 1). The preoperative workup included duplex ultrasound examination of the arteries to the head, and angiography or computed tomography angiography. All patients were operated under general anesthesia and six were intubated through the nose. Sixteen patients were monitored through transcutaneous oximetry. No shunt was used in this series. In 10 patients receiving a PTFE graft, the external carotid artery was implanted in the prosthesis. Mean follow-up was 16.9 ± 2 years (95% confidence interval, 14.5-19.3 years). Primary end points were the 30-day combined stroke/death rate, graft infection, late graft patency, and late stroke-free survival. Secondary end points were cranial nerve injury and length of postoperative hospital stay. Postoperative mortality was nil in both groups. One postoperative stroke was observed in the PTFE group, whereas none occurred in the GSV group (P =.84). No graft infection was observed in either group. At 10 years, survival in the GSV group was 80 ± 12%, and survival in the PTFE group was 76 ± 8% (log-rank [Mantel-Cox], P =.85). In the GSV group, graft patency at 7 and 10 years was 85 ± 13%. In the PTFE group B, graft patency was 100% (log-rank [Mantel-Cox], P =.12). No late stroke was observed. Two transient cranial nerve injuries were observed in the GSV group (20%) and two in the PTFE group (8%) (P =.97). Length of hospital stay was comparable in both groups (GSV group, 6 days; PTFE group, 5 days; P =.12). This study suggests that, after resection of a degenerative aneurysm of the carotid artery, bypass with a PTFE prosthesis gives comparable results to those obtained with the GSV. We recommend sparing the GSV and instead using a PTFE prosthesis in patients with a degenerative aneurysm of the carotid artery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Aberrant peritumoral vessels are predictive of gliomas, specifically glioblastoma. • Prominent intra-tumoral flow voids are also predictive of glioblastoma. • These vascular-related parameters also predict higher operative blood loss. • Relatively simple imaging techniques can capture microscopic pathogenesis pathways. Primary and metastatic brain tumors can overlap in traditional imaging features detected on preoperative conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The research objective was to determine whether morphological vascular characteristics present in routine preoperative imaging using traditional MRI sequences are predictive of primary versus metastatic brain tumors; secondarily to determine association of conventional and vascular-related imaging parameters with intraoperative blood loss, pathological invasion, and World Health Organization (WHO) tumor grade. A retrospective review analyzed 100 consecutive intracranial tumor surgeries, 50 WHO grade II-IV gliomas and 50 intracranial metastases. Two blinded expert readers independently evaluated preoperative MRIs, obtained via standard morphological imaging sequences, for adjacent or intra-tumoral arterial aneurysm, peritumoral venous ectasia, prominence, or engorgement ("aberrant peritumoral vessels"), and prominent intra-tumoral flow voids. Multivariate analysis was performed to develop models predictive of glioma and glioblastoma (GBM). Aberrant peritumoral vessels and prominent intra-tumoral flow voids were statistically significant predictors of glioma in univariate analyses (p = 0.048, p = 0.001, respectively) and when combined in multivariate analysis (OR = 5.23, p = 0.001), particularly for GBM (OR = 9.08, p < 0.001). Multivariate modeling identified prominent intra-tumoral flow voids and FLAIR invasion as the strongest combined predictors of gliomas and GBM. Aberrant peritumoral vessels and larger tumor volume predicted higher intraoperative blood loss in all analyses. No vascular-related parameters predicted pathological invasion on multivariate analysis. Aberrant peritumoral vessels and prominent intra-tumoral flow voids were predictive of gliomas, specifically GBM. These vascular characteristics, evaluated on routine clinical preoperative MRI imaging, may aid in distinguishing glioma from brain metastases and may predict intraoperative blood loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arterial aneurysms remain a significant public health problem because they often result in death when ruptured; therefore, they require immediate medical treatment. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has recently become the primary treatment option, owing to the fewer side effects compared to those with open surgery. However, stents used for conventional EVAR often cause side-branch occlusion, which alters the perfusion of vital organs. Recently, multilayer flow modulator (MFM) stents have been used as a new treatment for arterial aneurysms. These stents appear to be feasible owing to their unique design consisting of an uncoated three-dimensionally braided multilayered structure. MFM stents generally remodulate laminar flow and reduce the flow velocity in the aneurysmal sac, leading to thrombosis, which causes the aneurysm to shrink over time. Thus, they reduce the risk of mortality. Moreover, they reduce morbidity by preserving the side-branch blood flow. They can be easily applied to complex aneurysms and are ready to use without customization, which shortens the waiting time for interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the role of MFM stents in the treatment of arterial aneurysms based on available data.

Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is a rare but serious nonatherosclerotic, noninflammatory vasculopathy of unknown etiology that often results in dissection, aneurysm, occlusion, or stenosis of, primarily, the abdominal arteries. Current literature lacks consensus on diagnostic criteria and management options for SAM. This review summarizes 143 cases and aims to advance appropriate recognition and management of SAM. Literature review of all relevant SAM case studies from 2005 to 2018 yielded 126 individual SAM cases from 66 reports. We identified 17 additional SAM cases from our center, bringing our analysis to 143 patients. Patients with SAM were most commonly men (68%) in their 60s. Hypertension (43%), tobacco use (12%), and hyperlipidemia (12%) were common comorbidities. Abdominal pain (80%) and intraabdominal bleeding (50%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Computed tomography was the most frequently used imaging method (78%), and histology was available in 44% of cases. The most commonly affected vessels were the superior mesenteric (53%), hepatic (45%), celiac (36%), renal (26%), and splenic (25%) arteries with aneurysm (76%), dissection (61%), and arterial rupture (46%). Treatments included coil embolization (28%), abdominal organ surgery (24%), open arterial repair (21%), and medical management (20%). Case-specific treatment modalities yielded symptom relief in the vast majority (91%) of patients, with a mortality rate of 7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is a rare connective tissue disorder owing to pathogenic variants in COL3A1 that lead to impaired type III collagen production. We aim to describe the contemporary multi-institutional experience of aortic and arterial pathology in individuals with vEDS, to evaluate disease patterns and refine management recommendations. This cross-sectional, retrospective study of individuals with genetically confirmed vEDS was conducted between 2000 and 2015 at multiple institutions participating in the Vascular Low Frequency Disease Consortium. Aortic and arterial events including aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms, dissections, fistulae, or ruptures were studied. Demographics, COL3A1 variants, management, and outcomes data were collected and analyzed. Individuals with and without arterial events were compared. Eleven institutions identified 86 individuals with pathogenic variants in COL3A1 (47.7% male, 86% Caucasian; median age, 41 years; interquartile range [IQR], 31.0-49.5 years; 65.1% missense COL3A1 variants). The median follow-up from the time of vEDS diagnosis was 7.5 years (IQR, 3.5-12.0 years). A total of 139 aortic/arterial pathologies were diagnosed in 53 individuals (61.6%; 50.9% male; 88.5% Caucasian; median age, 33 years; IQR, 25.0-42.3 years). The aortic/arterial events presented as an emergency in 52 cases (37.4%). The most commonly affected arteries were the mesenteric arteries (31.7%), followed by cerebrovascular (16.5%), iliac (16.5%), and renal arteries (12.2%). The most common management was medical management. When undertaken, the predominant endovascular interventions were arterial embolization of medium sized arteries (13.4%), followed by stenting (2.5%). Aortic pathology was noted in 17 individuals (32%; 58.8% male; 94.1% Caucasian; median age, 38.5 years; IQR, 30.8-44.7 years). Most notably, four individuals underwent successful abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with excellent results on follow-up. Individuals with missense mutations, in which glycine was substituted with a large amino acid, had an earlier onset of aortic/arterial pathology (median age, 30 years; IQR, 23.5-37 years) compared with the other pathogenic COL3A1 variants (median age, 36 years; IQR, 29.5-44.8 years; P =.065). There were 12 deaths (22.6%) at a median age of 36 years (IQR, 28-51 years). Most of the vEDS arterial manifestations were managed medically in this cohort. When intervention is required for an enlarging aneurysm or rupture, embolization, and less frequently stenting, seem to be well-tolerated. Open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm seems to be as well-tolerated as in those without vEDS; vEDS should not be a deterrent to offering an operation. Future work to elucidate the role of surgical interventions and refine management recommendations in the context of patient centered outcomes is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) more commonly affect men than women and are estimated to affect 4% to 8% of men older that age 60 years. Mortality because of a ruptured AAA is high, but elective repair is an effective and relatively safe intervention. Case Presentation: A 79-year-old man came to the Emergency Department because of worsening back pain. Workup revealed a previously unknown, 10-cm aneurysm that had ruptured. Unfortunately, the patient died during emergency surgery. Discussion: A literature review of proper screening, referral timeframe, the most common surgical techniques, potential complications, and postoperative surveillance was conducted. Early detection, referral to vascular surgery, and possible open or endovascular repair are key to limiting the morbidity and mortality associated with AAA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distal upper extremity arterial aneurysms are rare with only a few case reports and small retrospective studies described. Most aneurysms are secondary to trauma making idiopathic aneurysms an especially rare disease process. An 83-year-old male presented with a painful pulsatile mass that was confirmed with ultrasound and computed tomography angiogram as a 2.0 × 1.5 cm radial artery aneurysm. He had successful aneurysm resection and primary repair. Histopathology confirmed a true aneurysm. This case report demonstrates successful excision and repair of this rare pathology. This case is been reported more for its rarity than complexity of the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute cerebrovascular accidents are rare and serious complication of pregnancy, labor and puerperium, leading to an increase in maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. More than 12% of maternal mortality is related to stroke. Aim: To assess the impact of pregnancy on the incidence of stroke, as well as the impact of cerebrovascular disorders on pregnancy, labor and puerperium. Materials and methods: We retrospectively and prospectively analyzed the course of pregnancy, labor and puerperium in 136 female patients with strokes of various etiologies. The diagnosis of stroke and cerebrovascular disorders was verified with magnetic resonance imaging, angiography, conventional and multiaxial computerized tomography, ophthalmoscopy, electroencephalography, electrocardiography and echocardiography (trans-thoracic and trans-esophageal), 24-hour blood pressure monitoring and electrocardiogram monitoring, ultrasound assessment of extra and intracranial vasculature with duplex scanning, cerebral angiography and laboratory assessments. Results: The analysis of 92 strokes that occurred during pregnancy, labor and postpartum showed that 38% of the cases (n=35) were caused by various cerebrovascular abnormalities. In 18.5% of the cases (n=17), acute cerebrovascular accidents occurred in patients with preeclampsia/eclampsia. Most often (84.8%, or 78/97 of cases) strokes or other cerebrovascular accidents developed in II and III trimesters. The most severe cases were patients with intracranial hemorrhages (n=31). In this group, there were 5 deaths of mothers, 1 antenatal and 1 neonatal fetal deaths. In 90% of these cases (28/31), intracranial hemorrhage in pregnancy was related to manifestation of intracerebral vascular abnormality (arteriovenous malformations, arterial aneurysms, cavernomas). We observed a 4-fold rate of arteriovenous malformation ruptures during pregnancy (21 cases vs. 5). The rates of arterial aneurysm and cavernoma ruptures during pregnancy and in the past history were comparable (6 and 8 cases and 4 and 6 cases, respectively). Conclusion: An acute cerebrovascular accident is a hazardous complication of pregnancy, which increases maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Pregnancy increases the risk of manifestation of brain arteriovenous malformations.

Keywords: abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA); aneurysm; aortic disease; arterial aneurysm; thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) EN abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) aneurysm aortic disease arterial aneurysm thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) 50 52 3 02/13/21 20210201 NES 210201 The most frequent location for aneurysmal degeneration of the aorta is the infrarenal segment, accounting for 90% of cases. Thirteen patients (2.2%) developed a TAA over time: eight affected the descending thoracic aorta, three were aortic arch aneurysms, and two were ascending aortic aneurysms. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), aneurysm, aortic disease, arterial aneurysm, thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). [Extracted from the article]

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This case report addresses segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM), a rare non-inflammatory vasculopathy. A 51-year-old man presented at the emergency department for epigastric and left upper quadrant pain. He had a history of arterial hypertension and had recently received methylprednisolone for knee pain. Blood tests revealed elevated C-reactive protein levels at 40 mg/l and lactate dehydrogenase levels at 496 IU/ml. Abdominal computerized tomography showed arterial thickening, arterial dilatations, and dissections of the splenic and renal arteries, leading to organ ischemia. This case emphasizes the importance of considering SAM in cases of unexplained abdominal pain or suspected arteriopathy., Learning Points: Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is a rare and underdiagnosed vasculopathy.SAM is a challenging diagnosis and should not be confused with vasculitis.SAM has a good prognosis with spontaneous resolution in most cases., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interests: The Authors declare that there are no competing interests., (© EFIM 2023.)

SMAD2 is a downstream effector in the TGF‐β signaling pathway, which is important for pattern formation and tissue differentiation. Pathogenic variants in SMAD2 have been reported in association with arterial aneurysms and dissections and in large cohorts of subjects with complex congenital heart disease (CHD). We used whole exome sequencing (WES) to investigate the molecular cause of CHD and other congenital anomalies in three probands and of an arterial aneurysm in an additional patient. Patients 1 and 2 presented with complex CHD, developmental delay, seizures, dysmorphic features, short stature, and poor weight gain. Patient 3 was a fetus with complex CHD and heterotaxy. The fourth patient is an adult female with aortic root aneurysm and physical features suggestive of a connective tissue disorder. WES identified pathogenic truncating variants, a splice variant, and a predicted deleterious missense variant in SMAD2. We compare the phenotypes and genotypes in our patients with previously reported cases. Our data suggest two distinct phenotypes associated with pathogenic variants in SMAD2: complex CHD with or without laterality defects and other congenital anomalies, and a late‐onset vascular phenotype characterized by arterial aneurysms with connective tissue abnormalities. The manuscript presents detailed clinical and molecular findings of four patients with novel SMAD2 predicted pathogenic variants detected through exome sequencing. The data show that pathogenic variants in SMAD2 are associated with two distinct phenotypes: complex congenital heart malformations with or without laterality defects and other congenital anomalies, and a late‐onset vascular phenotype characterized by arterial aneurysms with connective tissue abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]