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The essay examines the relationship between the national level collective bargaining agreement and wage regulation, with exclusive reference to the Italian private sector, focusing especially on current issues such as those posed by the fragmentation of union representation and the increase in the number of national collective agreements. In this perspective, the paper first analyses some of the case law rules concerning the application of Article 36, paragraph 1 of the Italian Constitution, in the light of the recent doctrinal debate and reform prospects currently under discussion. Particular attention is then paid to the solutions introduced by the main trade unions, in an attempt to offer a picture of the trends that can be seen today in the collective regulation of the employees’ remuneration.