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Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Louchébem, the ancient trade argot of the Paris butchers, is based on a word formation (or rather deformation) process used to disguise French words according to a rule. The butchers did not invent the process but borrowed it from Largonji  (a deformation of jargon). Words from this source are attested in the argot of the so-called 'dangerous classes', who used it to produce language opaque to the authorities. Louchébem combines a means of secrecy, an opportunity for language play and a tool for constructing craft identity. In this article, I present the linguistic and sociolinguistic details of Louchébem based on primary data collected from 233 traditional butchers. I further investigate secrecy in the modern context, when the key to Louchébem is available on the internet over 150 years after the emergence of the butchers' argot. My research shows that both internal and external factors influence how secret Louchébem really is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Na primeira metade do século XIX, importantes romancistas franceses começaram a explorar literariamente o socioleto da criminalidade, chamado de argot por filólogos e linguistas, com vistas a caracterizar e avaliar personagens ficcionais. Dotado de uma função críptica mais acentuada do que os outros socioletos literários, o argot permite examinar, de uma perspectiva privilegiada, o problema da intraduzibilidade. Neste artigo, pretende-se comparar as traduções literárias para o português do argot explorado nos romances O último dia de um condenado (1829), de Victor Hugo, Os Mistérios de Paris (1842), de Eugène Sue, e Esplendores e misérias das cortesãs (1847), de Honoré de Balzac.

The work is devoted to the study of the vocabulary of youth groups in Yoshkar-Ola in 1980–1990. The purpose of this article is to characterize the local features of the language of Yoshkar-Ola youth unofficial groups. The research material was the jargon of participants in street gangs in the capital of the Republic of Mari El at the end of the twentieth century. The sources of language material were documentary literature, journalistic articles, dictionaries of substandard vocabulary and recordings of live speech of former group members. During the research, methods of linguistic observation and description, dictionary interpretation, and contextual analysis of lexical units were used. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that a number of jargons discussed in the article have become part of the unofficial microtoponymy of the city of Yoshkar-Ola. The likelihood of such lexical units appearing in dictionaries of non-literary vocabulary published by leading publishers is extremely low. The collected material contains information about the etymology of the unofficial toponymy of the city of Yoshkar-Ola, the communicative preferences of local youth and the linguistic realities of 1980–1990. The sublanguage of hooligan youth is very close in nature to Russian argot. A more detailed study of the jargon of street gang members may help change the uncritical attitude of Russian speakers towards the language of the criminal world.

В статье рассматриваются анормативные явления в области синтаксиса, которые присущи русскому арго. Авторы приводят примеры ненормативного глагольного управления, выявленные не только в живой речи носителей арго, но и в языке СМИ и художественной литературы. Изучение синтаксических особенностей языка асоциальных элементов остаётся насущной задачей современного языкознания. По мнению авторов, в арго сложились определённые речевые субнормы, одобряемые не только представителями определённой субкультуры, но часто и законопослушными носителями русского языка. Исследование специфики этого социального диалекта в области синтаксиса помогает выявить грамматические аномалии в речи россиян и даёт возможность противодействовать отрицательному влиянию арготизмов на речевой стандарт.

Автор статьи акцентирует внимание на том, что благодаря культурным событиям последнего времени усилился общественный интерес к феномену молодёжных группировок, появившихся в поздние годы существования СССР. Материалом для проведённого исследования послужила живая речь бывших участников молодёжных преступных формирований, представленная в книге Р. Гараева «Слово пацана. Криминальный Татарстан 1970-2010-х». Её следует рассматривать как важное документальное свидетельство своей эпохи. В результате анализа языка представителей молодёжных группировок были выявлены аутентичные лексические единицы, не включенные в словари субстандартной лексики. Статья может быть полезна жаргонологам и культурологам, изучающим лексику ограниченного употребления разных эпох.

Copyright of Papers of Hungarian Studies / Hungarologiai Kozlemenyek is the property of Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى بيان أهمية اللغة المضادة "anti-language" في إظهار علاقة اللغة بالبنية الاجتماعية، وتتناول هذه الظاهرة تطبيقيًا على أدب السجون. وتنقسم الدراسة إلى مقدمة نظرية تعرض التأسيس النظري لظاهرة اللغة المضادة عند اللغويين، ثم تنطلق إلى الجزء التطبيقي الذي يحلل هذه الظاهرة في بعض الأعمال الأدبية التي تنتمي إلى أدب السجون. وترمي الدراسة إلى تحقيق عدة أهداف منها؛ تعريف اللغة المضادة وأسباب ظهورها، وإظهار علاقتها بالمجتمع المضاد، كما ترمي إلى بيان أنواعها وسماتها. وتتبع الدراسة المنهج الوصفي؛ فتصف لغة السجناء وتحللها دلاليًا وتركيبيًا؛ لتبين مدى خصوصيتها، وارتباطها بالبيئة الجديدة التي خلقتها الظروف المحيطة. وقد وقع اختيار الدراسة على مجموعة من الأعمال التي تنتمي إلى أدب السجون (المصرية) خاصة؛ لأن دراسة اللغات المضادة تهتم بالعلاقة بين اللغة والبنية الاجتماعية، كما تهتم بالطريقة التي يعمل بها النص في إدراك السياقات الاجتماعية، وبالتالي فهي ترتبط ارتباطًا وثيقًا بالبيئة المحيطة بها. وقصدت الدراسة التنوع؛ فشملت هذه الأعمال الرواية والمسرحية والقصة القصيرة والسيرة. Abstract This study seeks to demonstrate the importance of anti-language in showing the relationship of language with social structure, and deals with this phenomenon applied to prison literature. The study is divided into a theoretical introduction, then proceeds to the applied part that analyzes this phenomenon in some literary works that belong to prison literature. It also aims at achieving several goals, including; Defining anti-language, showing its relationship to the anti-society, and indicating its types and characteristics. The study follows the descriptive approach. It describes and analyzes the language of prisoners semantically and syntactically; to show the extent of its privacy, and its connection to the new environment created by the surrounding circumstances. The study has chosen a group of works that belong to (Egyptian) prison literature, in particular; because the study of anti-languages ​​is concerned with the relationship between language and social structure.

Copyright of Opera Slavica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The speech of business coaches is distinguished by the speaker's desire to influence the mind of the recipient through the use of various linguistic means. The addresser takes into account not only the goal of communication (informing, attracting attention / entertainment, persuasion), but also its synthetic character, which combines vertical and horizontal vectors. The speaker is trying to gain and keep the sympathy of the audience, get its support, understanding, and trust by complexly influencing the feelings, emotions, and subconscious of the addressee, as well as by demonstrating belonging to the "In-group". One of the features of Irina Khakamada's speech as a business coach is the use of special colloquial vocabulary (youth slang, argot, vulgarisms, obscene vocabulary).

Данная статья посвящена рассмотрению вымышленного языка надсат, разработанного Энтони Берджессом, значимости употребления надсата в романе, а также в фильме, снятом Стэнли Кубриком. Вопросы, на которые отвечает данная работа, заключаются в том, можно ли сохранить надсат в кинематографе, соответствует ли роль надсата в фильме роли, которая была заложена в книге автором изначально и каковы последствия ее интерпретации. Результаты покажут, что без понимания надсата читатель/зритель не сможет понять основную идею, которую отразил автор романа, ведь именно этот уникальный язык раскрывает мир, изображенный в романе, и позволяет читателю понимать Алекса, главного героя, и его окружение. Но нас интересуют как понимает надсат читатель книги и как понимает этот же язык зритель известной одноименной интерпретации, снятой Стэнли Кубриком.

El artículo tiene un doble objetivo. Por un lado, pasar revista a los medios de comunicación de mayor importancia en la transmisión de valores contraculturales entre la juventud española (entre ellos la radio, televisión, prensa marginal y el internet), especialmente en el último cuarto del siglo XX. Y por otro, examinar los principales recursos expresivos que conforman el “antilenguaje” que refleja los valores de los jóvenes, en especial el de aquellas subculturas que más han sobresalido en su oposición a la sociedad convencional; estos mecanismos lingüísticos son descritos mnemotécnicamente como “las 4 C’s” (o Cambios): cambio de significante (por truncamiento, sufijación parasítica, deformación y sustitución, ortografía hipercaracterizada), cambio de significado (por metonimia, metáfora y antífrasis), cambio de código (por préstamo de términos procedentes de sociolectos marginales, y de lenguas de prestigio como el inglés) y cambio de registro (por cambio del eufemismo al disfemismo).

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The interest in Czech slang in the 1930s was not only the domain of the academic community, but we can also find good collection of data among amateur researchers. This text focuses on the researchneglected work of Jaroslav Podzimek and his fieldwork in the years 1934–1935, which is unique in its focus on the „language“ of the non-settled population. The study compares data from the urban environment, published mainly by German researchers, with data from the so-called itinerant niche and examines their validity at present.

The Arabic ecclesiastical heritage contains many unique linguistic phenomena, vocabulary, and meanings. However, the Arabic library lacks a dictionary for its ecclesiastical heritage apart from a few lexicons and glossaries whose material is limited to strictly ecclesiastical terms. With the aims to direct researchers to this heritage in need of care and to pave the way for workers in lexicography in order to systematically construct a dictionary of Ecclesiastical Arabic, this study seeks to reveal the reality of the Arabic ecclesiastical heritage and the uniqueness of its words, meanings, and evidence and then provide an applicable systematic vision for constructing this dictionary. The study is committed to the descriptive approach based on studying the texts and deducing their characteristics regardless of the criteria of right and wrong as imposed by language rules. The researcher relies on a linguistic corpus derived from the reality of the ecclesiastical heritage throughout the history of Arabic in which the representation of sects and ecclesiastical sciences was taken into account while choosing the material. The study aims to provide a reference framework to set the standards for constructing an ecclesiastical Arabic dictionary in two stages (i.e., collecting and editing), as well as to reveal some of the characteristics of this language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L’article propose un regard critique sur le vocabulaire lié à l’amour, à l’acte sexuel, aux personnes impliquées dans des relations amoureuses, aux étapes et aux rôles dans le jeu de l’amour. L’analyse porte sur une période de plus de 100 ans – de la fin du 19e siècle jusqu’à nos jours en passant par l’époque du régime communiste. Pendant cette période, le vocabulaire spécifique argotique et familier lié à l’amour et au sexe a subi d’importants changements, tant au regard de la richesse des mots et de leurs significations, qu’au regard de l’origine, de la diffusion et de l’utilisation de ces unités lexicales. L’emploi dans le cinéma, la littérature, les chansons populaires, les médias et même dans le discours politique officiel des termes argotiques est aussi étudié. Une attention particulière est accordée à la désargotisation de plusieurs lexèmes et à leur intégration progressive dans le langage familier et la pratique langagière de personnes de tous les âges, professions et statuts sociaux.

Notre étude porte sur le procédé lexicogénique de forme qu’est le verlan et sa relation avec la néologie. En se basant sur les travaux des linguistes (Walter 1984, Méla 1988, Goudaillier 1996 et autres) nous essayerons de faire un bilan sur l’état actuel des recherches sur le verlan et de proposer une typologie actualisée basée sur les textes de rap récents (2019). Nous essayerons de nous pencher sur les études concernant la néologie (Darmesteter 1887, Tournier 2009, Sablayrolles 2019) afin de situer (ou exclure ?) le verlan des recherches portant sur la néologie. Ensuite il sera question de situer le verlan parmi les procédés responsables pour la création néologique telles qu’on les retrouve dans le tableau des matrices lexicogéniques de Sablayrolles.

Copyright of Białostockie Archiwum Językowe is the property of University of Bialystok and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Románicos is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La langue des jeunes est une variante de la langue « standard » qui est utilisée par des pairs et qui fait partie de la variation diastratique de la langue. L’utilisation d’un sociolecte propre aux jeunes locuteurs de la langue est un signe d’appartenance à un groupe dont l’âge est le facteur déterminant. Il est vrai que l’utilisation de certains lexèmes est conditionnée par la situation linguistique dans laquelle les gens se retrouvent (variation diaphasique), mais il n’est pas moins vrai que certaines formes lexicales sont plus utilisées par des jeunes, surtout dans des échanges au sein d’un groupe de pairs. Notre recherche aura comme objectif de présenter le vocabulaire dit « jeune » qui touche le domaine de la boisson (les noms des boissons, les types d’alcools, les verbes utilisés pour parler de l’action de boire). Notre corpus sera constitué à la base du lexique que nous retrouverons sur le site du parler jeune (www.miejski.pl ; langue universelle des jeunes). Les résultats obtenus seront classés selon les procédés lexicogéniques responsables de la création de nouvelles formes lexicales (de forme, de sens, emprunts). Dans notre analyse nous nous occuperons des formes lexicales néologiques contemporaines comme les mots wudżistu ‘vodka’ (mot-valise de wódka ‘vodka’ et jujutsu ‘ju-jitsu’), zibol ‘personne qui est en train de boire’ (onomatopée de zib ‘bruit produit pendant l’ingestion d’un liquide’), tankować ‘faire le plein d’essence’ (métaphore) ou sztela ‘gnôle’ (emprunt au parler de Silésie).

Peu de boissons sont aussi présentes dans la culture française que l’absinthe, ce spiritueux à base de Artemisia absinthium, autrement nommée herbe de la Saint-Jean. Traitée par les uns comme fée verte, accusée par les autres « qu’elle rend fou et criminel, fait de l’homme une bête et menace l’avenir de notre temps » (formulations des ligues de vertu du début du XXe s.), l’absinthe a fourni un motif largement exploité dans la littérature, dans la peinture, dans la chanson etc. L’usage de l’absinthe s’est largement popularisé à la fin du XIXe et au début de XXe siècle. Par conséquent, la boisson a obtenu en français plusieurs appellations informelles, oscillant entre les formulations mélioratives comme nymphe verte et péjoratives comme poison vert. Dans notre article, il sera question de présenter le lexique de l’absinthe, standard et non standard, ainsi que la façon dont différents auteurs français ont parlé de cette boisson dans leurs ouvrages.

Les dernières décennies du XIXe siècle marquent le début des recherches scientifi consacrées aux sociolectes bulgares, notamment aux argots secrets des artisans : maçons, cordonniers, musiciens de la rue, mendiants, petits voleurs. Progressivement, l’intérêt se tourne vers les argots corporatifs des écoliers et des étudiants des grandes villes et ces sociolectes restent au centre des études jusqu’à nos jours. Toutefois, le vocabulaire argotique relatif aux boissons et à l’action de boire n’a jamais été spécialement étudié en Bulgarie. L’article proposé, qui est basée sur plusieurs ouvrages littéraires et journalistiques, les forums d’Internet et le discours quotidien, examine le vocabulaire de l’argot bulgare relatif aux boissons et à l’action de boire, ses relations avec la langue standard et le langage familier, leurs différences et leurs similitudes. Le vocabulaire analysé est classifié selon son appartenance à une variété spécifique de la langue nationale : langue standard, langage familier et sociolecte ; puis, chaque groupe est organisé selon les caractéristiques lexico-morphologiques des éléments constitutifs : verbes, substantifs ou adjectifs, expressions verbales ou substantivales.

Notre article vise à traiter le champ lexical de l’alcool, extrêmement riche dans tout argot, donc dans l’argot roumain aussi. Sans prétendre à être exhaustif, chose pratiquement impossible dans les conditions d’une véritable pléthore de terminologies véhiculées dans ce domaine, nous nous arrêterions à une série de métaphores désignant l’alcool, les plus connues mais surtout les plus surprenantes. Ces métaphores et constructions métaphoriques prouvent que l’inventivité des utilisateurs d’argot est inépuisable. Ainsi, grâce à l’idée profondément enracinée dans la pensée populaire des Roumains, que l’alcool est un médicament, ce que nous avons appelé la « métaphore médicale » est très bien représentée dans l’argot roumain (par exemple, doctorie (de docteur ‘docteur’, ‘médecin’ + suf. -ie) signifie ‘boisson spiritueuse’). Religieux, surtout au niveau déclaratif, les Roumains utilisent également le vocabulaire religieux pour employer des mots auxquels ils attribuent… une signification alcoolique : agheasmă (< sl. agiazma ou ngr. αγιασμα – agiásma) ‘eau bénite’ signifie également ‘boisson spiritueuse’ et fait partie de la « métaphore religieuse ».

Denis Poulot naquit à Gray-la-Ville, au nord de Dijon, le 3 mars 1832. Après son parcours à l’École des Arts et Métiers de Châlons, il s’installa à Paris pour y débuter sa première étape professionnelle avant de s’établir comme entrepreneur et de fonder plusieurs fabriques. En partageant la vie de ses ouvriers, leurs conditions de travail, leurs habitudes ainsi que leurs contestations quotidiennes, Poulot eut, en tant que patron, une occasion unique de pouvoir étudier de très près leur façon de s’exprimer. Il en résulta son ouvrage Question sociale. Le Sublime ou le travailleur tel qu’il est en 1870, et ce qu’il peut être (1870) dont l’argot desdits sublimes, qui s’y trouve mentionné, échappa, jusqu’à présent, à une étude linguistique, voire argotologique. Sans qu’elle soit exhaustive, on trouvera, dans cet article, l’essentiel de la liste des unités lexicales et des expressions propres à l’argot des sublimes se focalisant sur le domaine des boissons alcooliques, sur l’action de boire et de s’enivrer et, enfin, sur les différentes dénominations du marchand de vin ainsi que sur celles désignant son établissement.

The article is devoted to the study of the motivation of the Russian and English argot on the material of somatic vocabulary. During the investigation, the types of motivation that prevail within this layer of the vocabulary were identified, the somatic components (foot, hand, head, hair, eyes, nose, ears, mouth, face, fingers, brain), characterizing each of the language subsystems, were revealed. The results showed that somatisms are actively involved in the derivational processes of both languages. It was determined that in the Russian and English argot there is a high frequency of the use of argotic units with such components as leg, hand and head. Also, somatic components are actively involved in the creation of long synonymic chains which confirms the anthropocentric worldview of the representatives of the underworld.

The Argot language is one of the standard varieties of language that is formed among young people or a group of delinquents. Each social group has its own terms and expressions that must be learned in order to enter that group. Argot language is not separate from the language. Rather, it is one of its various varieties. This language represents a heterogeneous society, with each group having an impact on language. One can argue beyond this, claiming that the difference between each Argot language and the language commonly depends on the group attribute that uses this Argot language. The more different these groups are, the more they use different language forms to establish and maintain a relationship with the linguistic community. Young people form a large part of the active population of our community and the tendency towards peers and differences with adults are important features of this group. They have a particular language system that consists of the norms, values, behaviors and the core of their subculture. It is a secret code and a special communication symbol that transmits messages and creates certain rules and behaviors. Therefore, young people have their own subculture and use special vocabulary. The use of these vocabulary by young people and their influence on the youth subculture has created a certain verbal and non-verbal communication among young people that requires a scientific review. Groups and circles of friends, SMS, social networking messages, television movies, virtual social media, print media such as fictional characters, borrowing from other languages, and other forms of creativity are the means for dissemination of these words. The purpose of this paper is to identify semantic relations in the secret language within the framework of the theory of constructivism. Constructive semantics is one of the most important methods of achieving analysis using structuralism theory. In this view, the network language is one of the systematic relationships. Structural meanings refer to what the equivalent of a semantic unit is and how they are connected. The constructive semantic label is usually limited to lexical semantics. One of the most fundamental and general principles of constructivist linguistics is that languages, systems, and sub-systems or their constituent levels –grammatical, lexical, and phoneme levels– are interdependent. An important aspect of lexical semantics is how semantic relations of vocabulary are with each other; in particular, the discovery of the four classes of semantic relations, opposition, hyponymy, synonymy, and member-collection is important. Semantic Relationship is the relationship between lexical categories with other vocabulary, which confronts the speaker with the choice of different lexical categories. This term has different types. In other words, the meaning of the semantic relation is that the language has a semantic structure and the words are related in groups. Of course, these groups are formed on the basis of the semantic relations between the words. According to the tradition of studying meaning, these relations are in the semantic system of language between concepts that at first glance may seem independent, but have a close connection with each other, which is sometimes impossible to distinguish them from one another. Conceptual relationships have two types. Some of them are substitutions, and the others are synthetic, or, according to the famous statement, according to the Saussure’s attitude, is a function of substitution and conjunction. The substitution relationships between concepts arise among members of a grammatical category and with their replacement. This category of conceptual relationships, typically and not necessarily, consists of words from various grammatical categories that together create well-formedness. In order to achieve the purpose of the article, we first discuss the categories of semantic, synonymy, polysemy, opposition, hyponymy, meronymy, collocation, portion-mass, member-collection, homophony and homography. After processing and identifying these relationships in the Argot language vocabulary derived from an interview of the 15-30 year old young people in Tehran subway, as well as the Persian Dictionary of Argot of Samai’s work, the frequency of each semantic relationship was determined. The sample size is 1507 words; it has been extracted by two methods of documenting the Persian Dictionary of Argot and a researcher-made interview with a Snowball Sampling method. After collecting and deletion, the words were classified according to their nature and meaning in fourteen semantic areas. These classes include tools and objects, automobiles, moods, ethics and behavior, secret communication, the condition of organs, numbers, organs, eating and drinking, people, actions, opiates, clothing and places. The information of each word includes the semantic domain, the concept, the lexical entry and the Encyclopedia meaning. In addition to identifying semantic domains, the concept of each lexical category was also identified. Because the creators of the Argot language vocabulary use or create these words in an attempt to keep secrets hidden within a group of their inherent knowledge, the words reference may be different from these concepts. Then, the semantic relations of lexical data in each area were determined by qualitative content analysis method. The question of this research is if semantic relations exist in the secret language and what the relationship between the highest and lowest frequencies of semantic relations is. The results of the derivation of semantic analysis show that the highest and lowest lexical frequencies belong to the domains of people and clothing, respectively. Also, synonymy with the frequency of 63.05% has the highest semantic and homography with the frequency of 0.11% has the least semantic relation. The high frequency of synonymy relation in the vocabulary of this language represents the main reason for the use of Argot language; that is, to hide the meaning of these words. If these meanings are revealed to others, new terms replaces the previous words.

The article argues for the need to compile a new fundamental argotic dictionary on a scientific basis. Using the comparative and historical method, the paper provides the criticism of the previous lexicons reflecting the language of the criminal world. With respect to the mistakes and inaccuracies made by compilers of the available dictionaries, the author develops the principles of lexicographic representation of the Russian argot, determines the sources of the language material included in the dictionary (folklore, old Russian literature, speech of modern representatives of the criminal subculture), proposes criteria and methods of the qualifying a lexical unit as argot. The article describes the new dictionary structure that reflects complex characteristics of its constituent units (a headword with stress, reference articles, meaning interpretation, context of use, phraseological units, grammatical characteristics, etymology). It also identifies tendencies of the modern Russian argot evolution caused by the influence of changes in the Russian society in general and in the criminal world in particular, as well as the reasons for penetrating argot in the spoken language and media texts. Besides, the paper shows the possibilities of using the new qualitative linguistic dictionary to study the linguistic picture of the world of argot speakers, to form an objective evaluation of this phenomenon and to improve the speech culture of Russian society.

En el presente trabajo analizamos la obra Coa: jerga de los delincuentes chilenos. Estudio y vocabulario (1910), de Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, desde un enfoque glotopolítico. Sostenemos que la representación ideológica del habla de los delincuentes chilenos (el coa), contenida en dicha obra, responde a un mecanismo de iconización, mediante el cual se legitima la política de disciplinamiento policial y carcelario del Estado chileno basándose en la comprobación científica de la supuesta condición degenerada del delincuente, reflejada en su lenguaje. Esta estrategia semiótica tiene como efecto glotopolítico último naturalizar la posición dominante de las élites socioeconómicas chilenas. Dicha representación responde al contexto chileno de comienzos del siglo XX, marcado por el surgimiento de la “cuestión social” y el positivismo ilustrado que marcó la institucionalización de los estudios antropológicos y lingüísticos en el Chile de ese periodo.

The interest in Czech slang in the 1930s was not only the domain of the academic community, but we can also find good collection of data among amateur researchers. This text focuses on the research-neglected work of Jaroslav Podzimek and his fieldwork in the years 1934–1935, which is unique in its focus on the „language“ of the non-settled population. The study compares data from the urban environment, published mainly by German researchers, with data from the so-called itinerant niche and examines their validity at present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Synergies Afrique des Grands Lacs is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis: Folia Litteraria Romanica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In cases where there have been few or no sociological field surveys or studies conducted on a particular language phenomenon, it is often studied through literature. Tango songs are one of the sources of choice for the study of lunfardo (an Argentine argot). The fact that a maximum emotive effectiveness is concentrated in just a few verses, giving the words quite specific and enduring semantic and symbolic values, presents a significant advantage for the study of this working-class argot, which is otherwise highly unstable and subject to change. Studying poetic texts also offers the possibility of observing changes in lexico-thematic configurations, frequency of lexical items and lexical redundancy and stability over the decades. However, the language of tango songs in no way constitutes genuine spontaneous expression. The songs present aspects of a stylised orality that is used as a tool in poetic resources with particularly rich emotional effects. The researcher, and indeed the listener, must therefore not try to decipher subtle information supposedly relating to ‘real’ speakers or give in to the temptation of seeing language as a ‘mirror’ of society. These linguistic phenomena should be seen purely as representations within the complex plurisemiotic system that is song. Drawing on some examples of tango songs, we will examine these questions, taking into account the circumstances of the act of utterance – a sung performance – and the reception of the oral message.

En este trabajo nos centramos en dos textos que leemos como parte de una misma serie: aquella constituida por intervenciones públicas en torno a las lenguas en intelectuales de lengua española a fines del siglo XIX. Concretamente, enfocamos uno de los relatos iniciales de Ramón del Valle-Inclán, “Babel”, publicado en Galicia en 1888, y otros escritos sobre cuestiones lingüísticas del autor más importante del modernismo en la América hispana, Rubén Darío, publicado en 1894, de manera simultánea, en las dos capitales del Río de la Plata. A partir de un análisis que se inscribe en la glotopolítica histórica, indagamos el modo en que en ellos se configura una concepción de lengua en términos de heterogeneidad de voces y materiales y de movilidad, una concepción que pensamos como asociada con figuras como las del extranjero, en el caso de Valle-Inclán, y con las de la minoría y el migrante, en el caso de Rubén Darío. Sostenemos que en ellos se postula una visión crítica de lengua que entra en tensión con las concepciones monoglósicas y normativistas, en el marco de un proceso de consolidación de la red de academias nacionales de la lengua y de la incipiente institucionalización de los estudios filológicos en el mundo hispano.

An argot is a secret language used by various groups to prevent outsiders from understanding their conversations. Romani knowledge among non-Romani is very rare, so the Romani language, being incomprehensible to a person belonging to the majority population, is a source of material for argots. This article focuses on the specific speech of semi-itinerant Czech funfair providers and traders, entertainer minorities etc. Part of the study is an analysis of authentic text using the example of a fairy-tale and two songs recorded during fieldwork.

This article is an attempt to compare some elements of the Polish thief jargon (Grypsera) and the Argentinian Lunfardo. Both phenomena share the “date of birth” and are associated to a greater or lesser degree with the criminal scope. First, their respective origins and linguistic status are analyzed to then proceed with the comparison of two lexical fields: the denominations of police and lawyer/judge; all in order to draw the convergences and divergences between both argots.

In this paper we analyze the work Coa: jerga de los delincuentes chilenos. Estudio y vocabulario (1910) by Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, from a glottopolitical approach. We maintain that the ideological representation of the speech of Chilean criminals (coa) contained in said work responds to iconization, through which the criminal policy of the Chilean State is legitimized based on the scientific verification of the alleged degenerate condition of the criminals, reflected in their language. This semiotic strategy has the glottopolitical effect of naturalizing the dominant position of the Chilean socio-economic elites. This representation responds to the Chilean context of the early twentieth century, marked by the emergence of the "cuestión social" and illustrated positivism that marked the institutionalization of anthropological and linguistic studies in Chile during that period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In English, there are a series of paired antonyms ending with the same suffix, particularly in slang or colloquial speech--stardom, regulardom/unknowndom; friendship, enemyship; singlehood, marriedhood, etc. This article looks into the tenets of the analogical suffixation of paired antonyms (ASPA), which is the process that is thought to underlie the mechanisms of morphological analogy and semantic complementation in the structuring of same-suffixed antonymic pairs (APs). In the study of ASPA, the AP innie/outie is used to explore the interconnection of antonymy, suffixation and analogy in the twenty-nine senses identified in the corpora (News on the Web Corpus and Lexis Nexis Academic). This case study shows that the semantic composition of the AP is the result of overlapping categories that involve the bases (in-, out-), the attached suffix (-ie/y), the complementary and coalescent nature of the pairs and the morphological adaptation undergone by the etymons to fit into the pairing markedness. The process of ASPA is a universal and scalar property that depends on the semantic opacity of bases, the sociolinguistic value of the word stock and the concept of lexical creativity. The examination of the morphological analogy of paired antonyms can shed more light on the predictability and performance (profitability) of word-formation mechanisms in both mainstream and peripheral lexis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article is concerned with the developing of slangs and different approaches to types of slang in Uzbek. Furthermore, it deals with the development of active term "slang" in sociolect by young generation. The role and function of Youth slang are given in social layer within comparing world linguistic views on the types of slang. As Youth slang is commonly used and created by young people in Uzbek, it is considered to be a dominant factor inside of Slang itself. Some interesting examples of slang are highlighted from communication among Uzbek people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii şi Cercetări de Onomastică şi Lexicologie is the property of University of Craiova, Faculty of Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Flagellate because considered as the language of some thieves, delinquents and even criminals, burglars, the nouchi' gains more and more ground in the communicative situation of the Ivorian public at large. Today, it is spoken by almost all the strata of society in Cote d'Ivoire. Raising up some critics in the centre of the great scientific studies and literary debates. Today, the 'nouchi' occupies a seat of choice, honour. So to speak its preponderance, constant use in the verbal exchanges we make us thinks that the slang 'nouchi' could be the common language to Ivorians. Indeed, the almost totality of the Ivorian speakers can't express themselves without using a word or an expression of this slang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study based on research conducted in a prison facility for women in Israel aims to establish the existence of an argot among women prisoners and to analyze how it reflects their subculture. This research found that the argot focuses on seven different aspects of prison life: same-sex sexual relations, loyalty, prisoner status, drugs, relations between mentally stable prisoners and mentally ill prisoners, attitudes toward the prison staff, and threats and violence. The argot concerning gender-oriented distresses was found the most common, and the authors concluded that this aspect is the most stressful and threatening in the prisoner subculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]