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Current manufacturing environments have to face a competitive and evolving framework characterised by high-mix and low-volume demands. To properly deal with new requests coming from the market, Reconfigurable Assembly Systems (RASs) have to be designed. In this paper, we propose a methodology for the design of the architecture of a RAS, featuring both human and mobile robotic agents, and dealing with multi-product assembly of medium-light-weight products, originally assembled manually. In particular, a systematic methodology is proposed to define the number of workstations, specifying which set of operations must be performed in each one, and to design the system layout guaranteeing reconfigurability. To this end, the concepts of operation, datasheet of an operation, assembly tree, and macro-operation are introduced and formalised. Guidelines to automatise the required operations in a flexible way are also proposed. The method is applied to a use case where we define the proper number of workstations of a RAS to assemble several types of motorbike brakes, showing the reconfigurability of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) has become one of the promising studies for nano-scale computing. QCA is one of the candidate technologies to be replaced with CMOS technology. QCA technology not only reduces power consumption and delay but also increases operating frequency and speed. The arithmetic logic unit is the essential component in a processor that performs arithmetic and logical operations. This paper presents a novel 5 × 5 reversible logic gate called the NRRG (Norouzi_Rasouli Reversible Gate) which can be used as the basic building block of 4:1 and 8:1 reversible multiplexers. Then, we have designed a RALU (reversible arithmetic and logic unit) using this gate. Our design can perform 20 operations such as AND, NAND, OR, XOR, XNOR, COPY, addition, and increment. The proposed QCA RALU requires 0.44 μm2 area, 480 QCA cells, and 10 clock phases. The proposed design needs less cell count, delay, and cost of QCA compared to previous works. The structure is implemented without any rotated cells and only uses one layer which improves the manufacturability of the design. The architectures are designed and simulated using QCA Designer 2.0.3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents BubbleID, a sophisticated deep learning architecture designed to comprehensively identify both static and dynamic attributes of bubbles within sequences of boiling images. By amalgamating segmentation powered by Mask R-CNN with SORT-based tracking techniques, the framework is capable of analyzing each bubble's location, dimensions, interface shape, and velocity over its lifetime and capturing dynamic events such as bubble departure. BubbleID is trained and tested on boiling images across diverse heater surfaces and operational settings. This paper also offers a comparative analysis of bubble interface dynamics prior to and post-critical heat flux conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing desire for inter-package modularity within the chemistry software community to reuse encapsulated code units across a variety of software packages. Most comprehensive efforts at achieving inter-package modularity will quickly run afoul of a very practical problem, being able to cohesively build the modules. Writing and maintaining build systems has long been an issue for many scientific software packages that rely on compiled languages such as C/C++. The push for inter-package modularity compounds this issue by additionally requiring binary artifacts from disparate developers to interoperate at a binary level. Thankfully, the de facto build tool for C/C++, CMake, is more than capable of supporting the myriad of edge cases that complicate writing robust build systems. Unfortunately, writing and maintaining a robust CMake build system can be a laborious endeavor because CMake provides few abstractions to aid the developer. The need to significantly simplify the process of writing robust CMake-based build systems, especially in inter-package builds, motivated us to write CMaize. In addition to describing the architecture and design of CMaize, the article also demonstrates how CMaize is used in production-level software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assistance systems have been widely adopted in the manufacturing sector to facilitate various processes and tasks in production environments. However, existing systems are mostly equipped with rigid functional logic and do not provide individual user experiences or adapt to their capabilities. This work integrates human factors in assistance systems by adjusting the hardware and instruction presented to the workers' cognitive and physical demands. A modular system architecture is designed accordingly, which allows a flexible component exchange according to the user and the work task. Gamification, the use of game elements in non-gaming contexts, has been further adopted in this work to provide level-based instructions and personalised feedback. The developed framework is validated by applying it to a manual workstation for industrial assembly routines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate-responsive building design holds immense potential for enhancing comfort, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability. However, many social, cultural, and economic obstacles might prevent the wide adoption of designing climate-adapted buildings. One of these obstacles can be removed by enabling practitioners to easily access, visualize and analyze local climate data. The CBE Clima Tool (Clima) is a free and open-source web application that offers easy access to publicly available weather files and has been created for building energy simulation and design. It provides a series of interactive visualizations of the variables contained in the EnergyPlus Weather Files and several derived ones like the UTCI or the adaptive comfort indices. It is aimed at students, educators, and practitioners in the architecture and engineering fields. Since its inception, Clima’s user base has exhibited robust growth, attracting over 25,000 unique users annually from across 70 countries. Our tool is poised to revolutionize climate-adaptive building design, transcending geographical boundaries and fostering innovation in the architecture and engineering fields.

The project phase is where the life-cycle of a building starts. The best decisions are made during the design or pre-project step. In terms of both economic resources and time, changes to specific design decisions made at this step are inexpensive compared to subsequent steps of architectural planning, not to mention the course of the construction's operation itself. The choices made during the design phase determine to a large extent whether the architectural design decisions of a building are achieved, whether the building and site can be used appropriately, and whether the project is economically viable. With BIM, building spatial planning is possible. As a result, architects can evaluate the proposed structure, its impact on the ecology, and the ecology's impact on the structure more comprehensively and at an earlier stage. This research proposes an energy modeling approach for the BIM-based spatial planning phase of a construction. The proposed method will result in an energy model for specific sites and building resolutions when utilized to create a spatial modelling for a construction. The energy model can then be used for new architectural creations. In this study, 36 different alternative scenarios were designed in terms of the rate of construction height to construction spacing, orientation factor, and form factor. With the help of BIM and GBS softwares, the energy consumption values of the alternative scenarios in cooling and heating load conditions were compared, and the alternative scenario with the minimum energy consumption was tried to be determined with spatial planning parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sydney's Waterloo estate is one of Australia's largest and most concentrated areas of public housing. There has been an almost two-decade-long effort to renew the estate, with successive governments persistently making the case that the demolition and mixed-tenure redevelopment must happen. In the process, the quality of the housing on the estate has been denigrated and misrepresented. This paper combines a detailed examination of the architectural qualities of the Waterloo estate with a critical analysis of historical and contemporary policy settings and political decisions driving the redevelopment project. It identifies the phases of development at Waterloo since the first buildings were constructed in 1948, describing the key characteristics of the dwellings that were part of each phase and situating them within in the wider story of public housing in NSW. It then evaluates the qualities identified in the buildings on the estate against the government's own guidelines for new apartment development. This evaluation reveals the extent to which the state government has avoided a good-faith assessment of the architectural quality of the estate. The paper concludes by reviewing planning and policy objectives and highlighting that tenant interests and housing quality have been obscured through the stigmatzation of the estate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate and climatic factors influence live creatures and their activities. Climatic design is a method for coping with challenging climatic conditions and creating comfort. Indeed, architectural design can be done by utilizing data related to climatic conditions and the thermal needs of the desired location. Hence, the current study presented strategies for architectural design based on climatic zoning and indices of thermal comfort in Qazvin city. The study data were obtained through library research and documents, analyzing and combining the data, and by applying an experimental-analytical method. Some compatible climate strategies and measuring thermal comfort indices were presented (based on data from Qazvin Meteorological Organization until 2017). TCIC software was used to calculate thermal comfort indices. Considering that Qazvin climate is cold-arid and according to the analysis of thermal comfort indices in different months, building heating has been paid more attention to rather than cooling in architectural design. Different strategies in this area and methods to gain maximum benefit from climatic facilities (in Qazvin) in other parts of a building have been presented in the suggested tables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, we explored the prison design and infrastructural changes that Canadian correctional officers consider to be essential in the construction of a new provincial correctional institution intended to replace Her Majesty's Penitentiary (HMP) in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Analyzing 28 semi‐structured interviews conducted with correctional officers employed at HMP, we found the poor working conditions within HMP are, at least in part, related to the physical design of the prison, including inadequate lighting, poor air quality and temperature, high sound levels, and other spatial limitations. Building on the prison design literature, findings suggest that while prison design requires attention to physical security at the forefront, there are ways to improve the space, recognizing how an uncomfortable workplace and living conditions also pose a potential threat to the well‐being and safety of correctional officers and people who are incarcerated. Key messages: Correctional officers at HMP believe poor working conditions within the prison in part are affected by the physical design of the prison.Safety for both officers and prisoners is at risk due to infrastructure, technology, and air quality issues within the prison.Carceral space, particularly the physical design of a prison, should contribute to the well‐being of all its occupants, prisoner or staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edge computing is a new paradigm for processing data at the edge of networks. There are a variety of edge computing scenarios, depending on the situation. In this paper, we investigate an architecture with heterogenous devices for intelligence aquaculture. The system will collect water sensor data and run real-time video-based fish detection with a Deep Learning algorithm and Deepstream. Each system was monitored to ensure all the architecture design was running properly. Kubernetes Lightweight Kubernetes (K3s) was used to manage all applications deployed in Docker containers. In addition, to synchronizing the heterogenous devices and visualizing the node's resource system, the Rancher Kubernetes Engine is used to coordinate its resources. The container-based architecture with embedded GPU can work properly for fish detection and the POD schedule scheme that we propose show an improvement in container AI performance and increased around 20%. The architecture of this system can be referenced as a model for edge computing ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cavity-nesting animals are limited by the options available in the environment and thus may have to adapt their nest structure to optimize its function. After choosing a cavity, honey bee colonies must decide where to initiate their comb nest within the empty cavity. Within-cavity location preferences remain untested, but previous studies suggest proximity to the ceiling, entrance and east side may be important. To distinguish potential preferences for nest initiation sites, we designed 'infinity nest' hive boxes that were extremely elongated (2.4 m), with target features at opposite ends, thus forcing colonies to choose between the entrance, the east side and the ceiling. Not only did colonies show a clear preference for nesting near the entrance (89%; N = 9), but when the entrance was far from the ceiling, colonies modified their nest by building combs from vertical walls. Combs that were attached to walls were more vertically elongated than combs attached to horizontal ceilings, which likely reduces the straining forces from gravity and shows that bees can alter their entire nest structure to accommodate different attachment angles and initiation site preferences. Therefore, honey bees are not constrained to attaching their comb to the cavity's ceiling and instead pursue other important initiation site features, like proximity to the cavity entrance, which may reduce commute time. Given that colonies reuse their nest for multiple worker generations, the decision of where to initiate the nest within a cavity likely has long-term impacts for colony function. This work demonstrates the importance of plasticity in built structures and the extended phenotype. • We tested where honey bees prefer to initiate their nest within an empty cavity. • Given the cavity's ceiling, east side and entrance, colonies preferred the entrance. • When the entrance was far from the ceiling, colonies attached their nest to the walls. • This elongated the nest and reduced forager commute time. • Honey bees demonstrate impressive flexibility in their nest architecture design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the role of large-scale infrastructure projects in constructing a new Turkey, involving economic, political, and cultural transformation led by the conservative Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi - JDP) with a focus on the post-2010 period. This research takes a case study approach focusing on two newly inaugurated infrastructure projects of the JDP in Istanbul: The Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge and Istanbul Airport. Through analyses of (1) speeches, discourses, and performances of political elites during the projects' ceremonial events and (2) the technologies, aesthetics, and architectural designs used for the projects, this article argues that infrastructure projects are not only aimed to anchor (present and) future for civilization but also, to certain degrees, revive particular pasts. Hence, the paper contends that large-scale infrastructure projects in Istanbul aim at resurrecting an imaginary of the glory of the Ottoman Empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient design of architecture for digit-serial multiplication over generic GF( 2 m ), which could be used for different fields as and when required and to enhance the security by changing the fields. An efficient input scheduling scheme is proposed to reduce the required number of input pins and a digit extraction circuit for digit-serial multiplication. Besides, to reduce the dynamic power consumption, we have proposed a simple technique using an array of m AND gates that minimizes the output bit-switching. To study the impact of digit size, the digit-serial multipliers for m = 163 and 233 are synthesised by Xilinx Vivado for FPGA implementation. It is found that the required number of slices, power consumption, and energy per multiplication increase while the computational delay falls with the increase in digit size. Therefore, larger digit sizes could be considered only when fast multiplication is necessary. The array of AND gates for output bit control helps in reducing the dynamic power consumption and energy per multiplication, respectively, by 50.4% and 57.7% for m = 163 and 49.8 % and 51.8 % , for m = 233 , on average, for different digit sizes over the conventional least-significant-digit-first design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted significant attention due to their considerable capacity for delivering effective energy storage. As LIBs are the predominant energy storage solution across various fields, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems, advancements in production technologies directly impact energy efficiency, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. The fast-growing demand for improved battery performance, such as higher energy densities and reduced costs, necessitates continuous innovation to meet these requirements. Furthermore, LIBs play a pivotal role, making it crucial to track and adopt emerging manufacturing techniques that contribute to cleaner and more efficient energy solutions. This review surveys multiple aspects of LIB manufacturing, beginning with electrode-level advancements in novel materials and process optimization and extending to the cell-level and innovative cell designs. It further investigates automotive battery production, the significance of battery management systems, and the interdisciplinary aspects of battery pack design. The emerging domain of all-solid-state technologies is also scrutinized, focusing on criteria, architectural designs, manufacturing processes, and the innovative application of 3D printing technology. Finally, this paper emphasizes the transformative potential of digitalization in LIB manufacturing, elucidating its advantages, challenges, and future prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the major "design issues" raised by the goals, missions, and pedagogical approaches of educational programs and tries to link pedagogical approaches and the architectural design of educational spaces. The scope of this research is the latest Quebec Educational Program (QEP) published in 2005–2007. Donna Duerk's issue-based architectural programming is used as a research approach to investigate issues and requirements for the design of educational spaces. This approach is a systematic method of inquiry that defines the requirements for a successful project, and it is used to develop a model for the design issues related to the goals, missions, and pedagogical approaches of the QEP for secondary school design in Quebec. The following ten major design issues extracted from the literature review are considered as the basis for the analysis of the QEP: health and comfort, flexibility, technology, efficiency, accessibility, safety and security, pedagogy and space, aesthetics, building condition, and school size. The latest QEP is analyzed to verify which of these design issues are related to the goals and approaches of this program and based on the issue-based programming approach, the final model of design issues related to the QEP is developed. Practical Applications: New pedagogical approaches replaced the traditional understanding of the transition of knowledge with the viewpoint that knowledge is constructed through active learning and social interactions among students. Therefore, hands-on learning, critical thinking and problem-solving are encouraged as the basics of knowledge acquisition and incorporated into educational programs in many countries. Regarding the significant changes in educational approaches, one of the important challenges for architects is how to translate these requirements into the architectural design of schools. Studies show that the organization of a learning space affects the choice of teaching styles and the prevailing characteristics of the physical design of schools are crucial impediments to reform in educational approaches in schools. This study tries to create a practical approach toward the design of educational spaces to incorporate and translate educational programs into architectural design to support the teaching and learning requirements. Although this study focuses on the QEP, the result of this study can be applied to other educational programs that are based on the same pedagogical approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent advancements in theories and numerical methods of engineering optimization have paved the way for the widespread application of computational techniques in architectural and structural design, as well as software development. This paper is focused on exploring the practical implementation of various optimization strategies within architectural and structural design contexts. By utilizing mesh generation algorithms, intricate geometries inherent to architectural and structural design can be systematically constructed and discretized, facilitating analysis, design, and optimization processes. In the domain of grid-shell design, achieving optimal and aesthetic forms while adhering to engineering constraints is essential. This research explores grid-shell form finding and optimization, using a potential energy-based algorithm to reach equilibrium in grid-shell structures. Subsequent size optimization addresses stress and buckling concerns to ensure structural robustness. For long-span structures, often desired for their creation of expansive spaces and incorporation of architectural design principles, structural performance optimization is achieved using topology optimization. This study explores multiple manufacturing constraints embedded within topology optimization to enhance the feasibility of realizing topologically optimized material configurations. Another area of engineering optimization is in roof truss and frame design, aimed at creating distinctive and aesthetically pleasing configurations beyond traditional forms while meeting engineering load combinations and design criteria. To generate unique forms for roof truss structures, the genetic algorithm is employed in this study. This algorithmic approach facilitates diverse geometrical configurations while maintaining required strength and serviceability criteria. Through these studies, the paper highlights the transformative potential of optimization methodologies in shaping innovative architectural and structural designs with enhanced efficiency and functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the design and implementation of a PLC microprocessor adhering to the IEC-61131-3 standard, executed on a Cyclone V FPGA using a DE10-NANO development board. Our microprocessor optimizes the central processing unit by streamlining the data path, achieving a remarkable simulated response time of approximately 60 ns, equivalent to three clock cycles at a 50 MHz frequency for Boolean operations. To substantiate our approach, we conducted practical experiments utilizing a FESTO conveyor station, employing relays as actuators, and incorporating optical and inductive sensors. The results underscore the feasibility of our proposed approach and serve as practical validation of its efficacy. This work introduces a promising avenue for the development of cost-effective PLCs employing SoC FPGA variants. Additionally, a thorough comparison of execution times with other early reported architectures. Our microprocessor outperforms even well-established PLCs like the S7-312, with substantial reductions in execution times of 94.54% for floating-point operations, 71.42–93.33% for word operations, and up to 78.57% for bit operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various parameters can be integrated in material-based computational design in architecture. Materials are the main driver of these processes and evaluated with the constraints related to the form, performance, and fabrication techniques. However, current methodologies mostly involve investigating already existing materials. Studies on computational material design, in which new materials are developed by designing their microstructures in response to the performative issues, are generally undertaken at the material scale, and not adopted to the architectural design process yet. To resolve this issue, the methodology titled Interscalable Material Microstructure Organization in Performance-based Computational Design (I2MO_PCD) is developed and presented in three stages, including (1) identification of different types of material microstructures, (2) computational material design, and (3) prototyping. Data-based material modelling and visualization, and algorithmic modelling techniques are utilized, followed by various performance simulations as a part of an iterative process. New microstructure organizations are designed computationally, organized under three main groups as linear-curvilinear, crystal and metaball-voronoi. The outcomes of different performance analyses, including structure, radiation, direct sun hours, acoustics and thermal bridge were compared. Thus, the role of geometrical organization of microstructures, scales and material types in different performance computations were identified, by designing and fabricating synthetic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stepwell is one of the unique medieval groundwater resource structures distributed across most of all the states in India. The main purpose of constructing stepped wells was to get access to the groundwater, but was also used for the storage of food, and as a summer shelter in medieval times. In tropical regions such as India, temperature is a major problem that causes thermal distress. Traditional architectural concepts were incorporated in the medieval Indian structures to achieve thermal comfort. Traditional architecture is optimization of building design to climate, adaptive crafts, and building techniques learnt over time and experience. The objective of this study is to interpret and evaluate the architectural and engineering aspects of stepwells pertaining to passive cooling techniques used in stepwells and the shelters associated with them. This paper reviews technical aspects pertaining to passive cooling in the design of stepwells, which has identified fundamental principles that can adopted for the building of various structures presently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the most exteriorized architectural elements, façades are significant features of the urban image and important contributors to the aesthetic and other urban experiences. However, discussions on the subject have lost relevance in academic and professional circles following arguments about physical determinism, façadism, beautification, and aestheticisation practices. Reflecting on the multiple contributions of façades to contemporary urban life, this article re-engages with the debate on façade design and the aesthetic and other urban experiences it affords from a political perspective to interrogate the impact of individualistic design practices in an era dominated by capitalist place-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Engineering Design & Technology (IJEDT) is the property of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Architecture & Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The country's ever-growing population and numerous administrative areas and centres for decentralisation, good administration, and efficient use of the country's resources have allowed for the construction of several administrative buildings. However, these spaces are typically modified or do not meet the architectural and planning criteria of administrative centres due to shortcomings in planning standards as well as a lack of sustainable design standards and principles. Using an observational data collection method and qualitative research methods, the results of the study examined the appraisal of the proposed design. The study proposed a sustainable design that would help minimise the usage of vast lands for only administrative purposes and provide developable lands for the fast-growing urban population. The study analysed three sites for their suitability. Details of the proposed design are emphasised in the rest of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of climate parameters in Shiraz's urban design and architecture with a focus on energy management. For this purpose, Climate Consultant software was used; this software can display and graphically examine climatic features and uses a strong and documented database called EPW in the time step of long-term hourly averages for radiation data, dry temperature, soil temperature at different depths, relative humidity, and wind speed and direction. Determining the level of comfort and providing energy-saving strategies in different climate zones are among the important capabilities of this tool. The results showed that the months of January, February, and December are completely outside the range of thermal comfort, and the most comfortable conditions are in the radiation range of 800 to 900 W/m2 with a temperature range of 20 to 25 degrees Celsius. According to the psychometric chart, 10.1% of the hours of the year are in complete comfort conditions, and reaching comfort conditions in other hours and days of the year requires the use of different strategies. The ideal thickness for the mass of the walls is estimated to be 4 to 5 inches with optimal materials (brick, concrete, and stone), and it is better for the mass of the inner wall to be denser than the outer wall. It is very convenient to use massive structures with small holes that perform night ventilation. Ceiling fans can reduce indoor temperature by at least 2.8 degrees Celsius. Flat roofs with light colors are the most suitable option, and in designs with courtyards, the presence of small ponds is very effective in cooling the adjacent rooms. Interior spaces and doors can be used to promote natural cross-ventilation. Also, to protect privacy, the design of air-flow jump channels can be used. By shading the windows in line with the direction of the prevailing wind, natural ventilation can reduce or even eliminate the need for cooling facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the increasing pressure of urbanization and the diversity of social preferences have led to the loss of human peace and the disconnection between man and nature. One of the ways to reconnect people with nature is to pay more attention to green and blue spaces (rivers, streams, and green areas) through planned architectural and urban design solutions. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between nature (view and access to nature) and Sanandji citizens' mental health and use ART and SRT theories to find a solution to revitalize the landscape of the Qeshlaq River. The current research is based on the nature of practical objectives and follows a quantitative-qualitative approach. According to the research objectives, 254 questionnaires, including scales of contact time, frequency of visits, and the short form of mental health scale (WHO-5), were distributed to the target population in two periods based on the available population samples. In addition to the questionnaire, a structured interview was used to substantiate the results of the questionnaire and to highlight the problems of the Qeshlaq River environment. To analyze the data according to the type of variables, statistical tests were used in SPSS software version 27. The results of this study showed a significant but inverse relationship between the contact time/frequency of visits and the level of mental health. The most common reasons cited were lack of amenities and services, environmental issues, and lack of access to riverscapes. However, the relationship between mental health and access to nature was significant and positive. Finally, the results of this study provide guidelines for revitalizing riverscapes using two theories, ART and SRT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With advancements in digital technology, the field of architectural design has increasingly embraced data and algorithms to enhance design efficiency and quality. Recent advancements in text-to-image (T2I) generation models have enabled the creation of images that correspond to textual descriptions. However, textual descriptions struggle to capture essential style characteristics in style images. In this study, we proposed a method for architectural facade design based on the stable diffusion model (SDM) that combined stylistic images or keywords as input with the structural conditions of content images to generate images with both stylistic and architectural features. By employing the constrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP) image encoder to convert the style image into its initial image embedding and feature extraction from multilayer cross-attention and training optimization to obtain a pretrained image embedding, the proposed method extracts stylistic features from style images and converts them into corresponding embeddings. This process enables the generated images to embody stylistic features and artistic semantic information. Furthermore, the T2I adapter model is employed to use the architectural structure of content images as conditional guidance, thereby ensuring that the generated images exhibit the corresponding structural features. By leveraging these two aspects, the proposed method can decorate architecture with stylistic features from stylistic images while preserving the architectural structure features of content images, resulting in images that reflect the content images after style transformation. Our method is mainly used in architectural design applications. It was capable of generating facade images from flat design drawings, three-dimensional (3D) architectural models, and hand-drawn sketches and has achieved commendable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We present a novel approach to generate developable strips along a space curve. The key idea of the new method is to use the rotation angle between the Frenet frame of the input space curve, and its Darboux frame of the curve on the resulting developable strip as a free design parameter, thereby revolving the strip around the tangential axis of the input space curve. This angle is not restricted to be constant but it can be any differentiable function defined on the curve, thereby creating a large design space of developable strips that share a common directrix curve. The range of possibilities for choosing the rotation angle is diverse, encompassing constant angles, linearly varying angles, sinusoidal patterns, and even solutions derived from initial value problems involving ordinary differential equations. This enables the potential of the proposed method to be used for a wide range of practical applications, spanning fields such as architectural design, industrial design, and papercraft modeling. In our computational and physical examples, we demonstrate the flexibility of the method by constructing, among others, toroidal and helical windmill blades for papercraft models, curved foldings, triply orthogonal structures, and developable strips featuring a log-aesthetic directrix curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meshes with spherical faces and circular edges are an attractive alternative to polyhedral meshes for applications in architecture and design. Approximation of a given surface by such a mesh needs to consider the visual appearance, approximation quality, the position and orientation of circular intersections of neighboring faces and the existence of a torsion free support structure that is formed by the planes of circular edges. The latter requirement implies that the mesh simultaneously defines a second mesh whose faces lie on the same spheres as the faces of the first mesh. It is a discretization of the two envelopes of a sphere congruence, i.e., a two-parameter family of spheres. We relate such sphere congruences to torsal parameterizations of associated line congruences. Turning practical requirements into properties of such a line congruence, we optimize line and sphere congruence as a basis for computing a mesh with spherical triangular or quadrilateral faces that approximates a given reference surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While high-quality texture maps are essential for realistic 3D asset rendering, few studies have explored learning directly in the texture space, especially on large-scale datasets. In this work, we depart from the conventional approach of relying on pre-trained 2D diffusion models for testtime optimization of 3D textures. Instead, we focus on the fundamental problem of learning in the UV texture space itself. For the first time, we train a large diffusion model capable of directly generating high-resolution texture maps in a feed-forward manner. To facilitate efficient learning in high-resolution UV spaces, we propose a scalable network architecture that interleaves convolutions on UV maps with attention layers on point clouds. Leveraging this architectural design, we train a 700 million parameter diffusion model that can generate UV texture maps guided by text prompts and single-view images. Once trained, our model naturally supports various extended applications, including text-guided texture inpainting, sparse-view texture completion, and text-driven texture synthesis. The code is available at https://github.com/CVMI-Lab/TEXGen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does architectural thinking make a difference in interior space? Is it just a formal difference? From two-dimensional decoration to three-dimensional space experience, this should be the biggest difference between the two. In simple terms, interior design pays more attention to decoration, while architectural design is basically functional design. If architectural thinking is applied to interior design, will it make the interior space more applicable, more scientific and more infinite? This paper combines a project of integrated architecture and interior design to interpret the infinite possibilities of architectural thinking in interior design. Several types and paradigms of architectural thinking in interior design are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-supervised monocular depth estimation has always attracted attention because it does not require ground truth data. Designing a lightweight architecture capable of fast inference is crucial for deployment on mobile devices. The current network effectively integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with Transformers, achieving significant improvements in accuracy. However, this advantage comes at the cost of an increase in model size and a significant reduction in inference speed. In this study, we propose a network named Repmono, which includes LCKT module with a large convolutional kernel and RepTM module based on the structural reparameterisation technique. With the combination of these two modules, our network achieves both local and global feature extraction with a smaller number of parameters and significantly enhances inference speed. Our network, with 2.31MB parameters, shows significant accuracy improvements over Monodepth2 in experiments on the KITTI dataset. With uniform input dimensions, our network's inference speed is 53.7% faster than R-MSFM6, 60.1% faster than Monodepth2, and 81.1% faster than MonoVIT-small. Our code is available at https://github.com/txc320382/Repmono. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce new plane curves, i.e. Cassinian focal-directorial curves as curves of a transitory type, of Cassinian multidirectorial curves as counterpart to Cassinian multifocal curves; and demonstrate their geometric genesis, and their form variation for special choices of foci and directrices. The form variation of Cassinian focal-directorial curves (CFDC) for different values of the particular parameter is also considered. Furthermore, it is shown that these algebraic curves also might have applications in architectural space design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a Translation of Form (ToF) model aimed at fostering algorithmic thinking and computational design skills among architectural students. Using Python within Rhino software, students translated architectural formal compositions into algorithmic representations through code writing. The model guided students through steps such as analyzing architectural geometry, creating algorithmic flows, and developing scripts to automatically generate form variations. Challenges arose from students' limited familiarity with Textual Programming Languages (TPLs) and the requisite mathematical knowledge for detailed geometric analyses. Despite initial hurdles, students exhibited genuine algorithmic thinking, successfully creating algorithmic representations of architectural forms. Survey results underscored the model's efficacy in promoting research skills while offering a fresh perspective on architectural form. The study emphasizes the vital role of integrating computational design skills into architectural education early on, equipping students with essential tools for innovative design exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pre-silicon verification is typically more significant than post-silicon verification, which produces an algorithm with the correct functionality and timing parameters. In this paper we propose innovative pre-silicon verification methodology focused on the Ethernet controller architecture as the design under test (DUT). The methodology employs a layered verification architecture implemented using the system Verilog language, aiming to streamline the testing process. A novel test pattern test generator, interfaces and blocks are used to perform the verification. The test patterns are generated based on the operational principles of the ethernet controller block, ensuring comprehensive verification coverage. Additionally, the paper combines different verification parameters with existing approaches to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. It is observed that the performance of the proposed method is better compared to existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since Marilyn Monroe's death in 1962, her final home has endured in popular culture as both a symbol of personal tragedy and a forensically analysed physical location. As the site of her passing, 12305 Fifth Helena Drive has attracted generations of tourists and has provided the backdrop for numerous theories related to her untimely end. This emphasis on Monroe's death has, however, overshadowed the star's experience of homemaking and habitation; so too has a strand of posthumous commentary from those close to Monroe set out that the very structure and décor of the house prefigured her demise. This article challenges the received wisdom around the house to assert its significance as a site of interrupted potential rather than existential failure. Bringing together urban history and environmental psychology, the article argues that a more comprehensive understanding of Fifth Helena's place in an entire legacy of Los Angeles domesticity illuminates what Monroe – a native of the city – was actively seeking in a home in her final months. This, in turn, restores agency to the star in a period of her life long defined by fatalistic and pathologising rhetoric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction between teacher and student in an architecture design studio is an important part of the teaching/learning process because it generates a kind of conversation that solidates the ‘learning by doing’ of teaching. This paper attempts to closely examine the jury system during the design assessment session. By monitoring the jury examination of several architectural schools’ fifth-stage graduation projects this paper highlights the various biases that are present during those sessions. The results revealed that most biases that appear during the assessment sessions are those that primarily occur when jurors focus their attention on one or two options despite the presence of other options. Early identification and disclosure of jury panels, together with the strategic scheduling of evaluation sessions, can alleviate biases that emerge during jury assessments and potentially convert those biases into beneficial and constructive inputs for the student's projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architects use scenario-based design (SBD) to design for diversity, employing instruments like personas and scenarios. The development and use of personas has been subject to debate; these instruments are critiqued for missing either rigour or heart. We contribute to this debate through a reflective case-study on what personas did in the process of designing a care facility. We examine a yearlong collaboration between architectural researchers and a youth care organisation. Next to our own perspective as researchers, the analysis considers that of the end-users (children/youth and staff), the client, and the architects. Our exploration of different perspectives shows that personas – their aspects and situations – must be recognisable beyond mere representation. While initially influential, the personas seemed less capable of steering design propositions beyond current use. Insight into how these instruments (and SBD in general) affect stakeholders’ involvement and the design process can shift discussions about rigour and heart, balancing what is important in development and usage. Rigour and heart, in this context, do not exclude one another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commercialization process of the direct methanol fuel cell technology is seriously blocked by the insufficient catalytic efficiency and low natural abundance of traditional Pt-based anode catalysts, which motivates the research on the design and synthesis of advanced non-Pt catalysts with high performance and acceptable costs. Herein, we report a controllable and robust building method to the bottom-up preparation of ultrasmall Rh-decorated porous heterostructures stereoassembled from Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene and reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (Rh/MX-RGO) through a facile solvothermal process. The presence of three-dimensional crosslinked graphene aerogel network provides abundant porosity and inhibits the nanosheets from longitudinal restacking, while the introduction of MXene offers extra anchoring sites for the immobilization of Rh nanoparticles as well as ameliorates their electronic structure. Consequently, the resultant Rh/MX-RGO catalyst manifests impressive alkaline methanol oxidation properties, including a large electrochemically active surface area of 91.8 m2 g−1, a high mass (specific) activity of 1605.0 mA mg−1 (1.74 mA cm−2), a small Tafel slope of 89 mV decade−1, strong poison resistance, and reliable long-term stability, all of which significantly outperform those of reference Rh/MXene, Rh/RGO, Rh/carbon nanotube, Rh/carbon black, and widely-used Pt/carbon black and Pd/carbon black catalysts. A controllable and robust building method is developed to the bottom-up synthesis of ultrasmall Rh-decorated porous heterostructures stereoassembled from Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene and graphene, which demonstrate superior electrocatalytic performance toward methanol electrooxidation. [Display omitted] • The bottom-up construction of porous heterostructures stereoassembled from MXene and graphene is achieved. • Well-dispersive Rh nanocrystals are in situ immobilized on crosslinked MXene-graphene frameworks. • The unique architectural design prevents the nanosheet restacking and ameliorates the Rh electronic structure. • The resulting heterostructure expresses excellent catalytic properties toward methanol electrooxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]