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The purpose of this study is to document the current status of historical fountains located in the town center of Karacasu district in Aydın province and to make recommendations for their restoration. Within the scope of the study, a fountain located in the town center and one within the Afrodisias ancient city were examined. An analysis of a total of eleven fountains dating back to the Ottoman period was conducted. Surveys of the fountains built between the 15th and 20th centuries were taken, and their existing conditions were drawn in plan and elevation views using AutoCAD drawing software. As a result of the examination, it was determined that all fountains were constructed with a single facade. Three of the fountains with simple facade arrangements have undergone restoration. It was found that these fountains were reconstructed deviating from their original designs. One fountain is completely ruined. It was observed that historical fountains, which have survived to the present day, are in a state of disuse and are at risk of disappearing due to neglect and loss of function. Documenting the current status of fountains that convey the cultural heritage of cities is important for preserving these resources for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a gender-based analysis of collective space in the domestic realm, beyond privacy, produced in significant social housing case studies in the urban expansion of Carabanchel neighbourhood (Carabanchel PAU, Madrid, Spain). Designed at the beginning of the 21st century, this period involves the incorporation of women into young architectural teams. Thus, this study seeks to delve into the significance of this role through the detailed study of eleven cases. Focussing on the common spaces of housing buildings, these small elements seem to recall the passage from the safe to the unsafe environment, from the space of the reproductive labour to that of the intersectionality. Following this finding, we propose an incipient study of the transitional spaces between the private and the public, where contacts between neighbours and the exchange of care beyond the private sphere are celebrated, as well as the public representation of domestic life. The methodological approach has stablished four meaning aspects to analyse, related to inhabitants’ life and intended as architectural parameters: spaces for neighbourhood flows, both for residents and visitors; areas of activity and leisure, available for resident daily life; connections between these areas of activity and leisure and, finally, connections of the common areas with the dwellings. The aim is to investigate the extent to which the participation of women architects makes these spaces more effective for care giving—or simply, more suitable for the expansion of intimate life and socialisation with neighbours. The results provide optimistic data for the discipline and its capacity, through this type of sensitivity, to correct some of the errors in the system of production of public space.

Caño Roto (Madrid) is one of the most relevant Spanish post-war architectures. Its typological contributions have already been studied within the framework of the so-called “Led Settlements”. This paper proposes a systematic analysis of the evolution of the neighborhood townscape, its most singular characteristic as a critical approach to the CIAM city project. It starts with the photographic documentation, studied through the methodology established by Gordon Cullen and developed, in a systematic way, by Nigel Taylor. The comparative study includes the original published photographs, a sample of photographs from the 2010s, and the shots taken in a new exhaustive documentation campaign. The comparison yields relevant results on the evolution of urban space definers: building volumes, facade composition, pavements or vegetation, and the presence of people in public areas. Several paths are studied to allow an understanding of the overall landscape structure. As a result, the key elements of the townscape of the settlement are identified and valued. The aim of this paper is to provide tools for the preservation of both the architectural and landscape heritage of Caño Roto. In short, thorough knowledge will help residents to become aware of the heritage value of their neighborhood.

The formation of black crust upon building stones and the resulting damage depend upon the fabric of the stone and atmospheric effects. The formation of black crust on limestone occurs more rapidly and distinctly compared to stones such as granite and sandstone, in which the mineral calcite is absent or in small quantities in its composition. In this study, black crust formation developed on the surfaces of limestone in İstanbul and Edirne, where important historical monuments belonging to the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires are located, were examined visually, microscopically, and experimentally. The factors causing the development of this crust and their effects on weathering were determined, and comparative analyses of the black crust with the sub-layer stone were made. In addition, by classifying the morphology, chemical structure, mineralogical composition, and damage to the stone by the black crust, chemical, and physical weathering that causes surface deterioration on the stone and back of the crust were examined. Physical (Schmidt hammer), mineralogical (X-ray diffraction), petrographic (polarizing microscopy), chemical (inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry), and microstructural (field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry) analyses were carried out to characterize this process. The black crust formation on limestone was shown to be caused by sulfation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caño Roto (Madrid) is one of the most relevant Spanish post-war architectures. Its typological contributions have already been studied within the framework of the so-called "Led Settlements". This paper proposes a systematic analysis of the evolution of the neighborhood townscape, its most singular characteristic as a critical approach to the CIAM city project. It starts with the photographic documentation, studied through the methodology established by Gordon Cullen and developed, in a systematic way, by Nigel Taylor. The comparative study includes the original published photographs, a sample of photographs from the 2010s, and the shots taken in a new exhaustive documentation campaign. The comparison yields relevant results on the evolution of urban space definers: building volumes, facade composition, pavements or vegetation, and the presence of people in public areas. Several paths are studied to allow an understanding of the overall landscape structure. As a result, the key elements of the townscape of the settlement are identified and valued. The aim of this paper is to provide tools for the preservation of both the architectural and landscape heritage of Caño Roto. In short, thorough knowledge will help residents to become aware of the heritage value of their neighborhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of 3D surveying methods, the role of drones is growing in importance. The capacity to approach the object and acquire both photos and videos from points that are highly inaccessible from the ground make these devices an efficient tool on the architectural and territorial scales, whether anthropized or not. Even more widespread are so-called unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), inoffensive and lighter than 250 g, due to the simplification of the related standards and continued improvements in their acquisition devices. The most advanced photo-modelling programs are now able to process video clips directly, automatically selecting the photos suitable for input in scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) and speeded up robust features (SURF) algorithms, essential aspects of structure from motion (SfM). This technological progress constitutes a significant jump in automating SfM investigations, especially when made with UAS. With this background, the case study presented here is the sighting tower of Capo d’Omo, situated atop Mount Argentario near Grosseto. Two questions are addressed: assessment of the metric reliability of a model automatically reconstructed from video clips (in this case, taken from an UAS) through comparison with a model acquired from an active sensor device; and a study of its potential and possible use in the SfM workflow, also considering the limited software and hardware requirements necessary to process this type of product.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.30.2023.6

Historical buildings are among the most important cultural heritages transferred from past generations to the present. These structures, which reflect the cultural structure of the society and the architectural and urban style of the period in which they were built, are documents that need to be preserved and are works of universal quality. Developing cities and differentiating needs have increased the interest in refunctioning, which is used as a method for the preservation of historical buildings. Re-functioning is a protection method that provides a different function to buildings that cannot meet today's comfort needs and cannot be used in their original form, allowing them to continue to be used. The maintenance and repair of historical buildings that have been re-functioned are prevented from disappearing by making them permanent and transferring them to future generations is ensured. However, these structures provide important contributions to the economies of cities, cultural tourism and promotion. With the zoning and city regulations under the influence of westernization that started in the Tanzimat Period, many public buildings began to be built in the Ottoman Empire. Sultan II. During the reign of Abdulhamid between 1876-1909, public buildings built in many cities are important structures that reflect the power and authority of the state. With the effect of social and economic developments, the development process of the city started with the construction of public buildings and many monumental and historical buildings in the city. Government mansions are the most important of the public structures built in different provinces and provinces towards the end of the 19th century, where the power and authority of the state are shown. Squares were created around the government mansions with the addition of other public buildings. It is known that the government mansions and other public buildings built during the Ottoman Period were under the influence of Western (Italian) architecture. Today, public buildings have been built in Diyarbakır Province, which is one of the important centers of the Southeastern Anatolia Region, and the historical building diversity of the city has been increased. Ergani is one of the big districts of Diyarbakir city. Ergani Government Mansion was built in accordance with the architectural style of the government mansions built during the Tanzimat Period. In the Ergani Government House, which was built in a rectangular plan and two storeys, the oratory balcony, which is one of the architectural elements of the government mansions, and the traditional plan order have been preserved. Restoration work was carried out in Ergani Government House (2010) and it was organized as a museum by giving it a new function. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the current situation after the functionalization with the architectural analysis of the re-functioning work carried out within the scope of Ergani Government House, which is functioned as a museum, and to present suggestions about the sustainability of the building. In the field study, visual analyzes were made with photographs taken on site and determinations were made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saidpur is one of the oldest villages in Pakistan, its origin dates back five hundred years ago. Along with its scenic landscape, it has centuries-old historic importance as well. From the Mughal dynasty to subcontinent partitioning, this village has witnessed evolution of diverse eras. It displays architectural art and heritage of three cultures: Sikhism, Hinduism, and Islam, concentrated on one node in this place. Pakistan does not have any reliable system for recording, managing, and preserving heritage or platforms for recognition of heritage sites. As many other sites, the heritage of Saidpur is in demise and subject to vandalism today. It is important to bring forward the historic and architectural importance of this village globally. Before Saidpur’s historical vernacular construction styles are completely lost, it is essential to record its authentic and onsite information so that history can be preserved, and further actions could be taken on its protection and preservation. The case analysis of heritage buildings can also provide inspiration and learning for the future. Hence, this paper shall record and discuss Saidpur’s architectural and urban growth with time, its current situation, and analysis of its heritage architecture. This paper intends to collect and preserve both current and old accounts of Saidpur’s urban growth and architecture by research through interviews, surveys, and onsite data collection, and present them through images, drawings, records and mapping, survey infographics, tables, and analysis diagrams. The aim of this paper is to collect, generate, and record information on the evolution, history, vernacular architecture style, and heritage architecture of Saidpur and, promote and present data for further heritage conservation and protection work in Saidpur.

Copyright of ESTOA: Revista de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Cuenca is the property of ESTOA Revista de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Cuenca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines both vertical and lateral facies changes as well as petrographic characteristics of the outcropping section of the Upper Cretaceous Shendi Formation in the Musawwarat-Naga area with a view of interpreting the depositional environment, provenance, and tectonic setting that prevailed during the deposition of the sediments. Field studies revealed the presence of eight different sedimentary lithofacies. The predominant is the trough cross-bedded sandstone facies (St), representing 75% of the total succession. Four architectural elements were recognized: sandy bedforms (SB), channel fill (CH), gravelly bars and bedforms (GB), and overbank fines (OF). Moreover, the mean value of paleocurrent directions was 285.3°, suggesting a southeasterly located source area. The majority of the sandstones were classified as quartz arenites with subordinate sublithic-arenites. Ternary plots of quartz-feldspar-lithic fragments (QFL) revealed that the tectonic setting is predominantly within the interior craton. It can be suggested that the sediments were sourced from the southeast region and associated with a braided, proximal, fluvial depositional environment. The results of this study provide outcrop analog data that might be useful in exploring hydrocarbons. Specifically, it can enhance the understanding and prediction of the proximal fluvial depositional styles in the subsurface deposits in the Shendi-Atbara Basin and similar rift basins in Sudan and Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saidpur is one of the oldest villages in Pakistan, its origin dates back five hundred years ago. Along with its scenic landscape, it has centuries-old historic importance as well. From the Mughal dynasty to subcontinent partitioning, this village has witnessed evolution of diverse eras. It displays architectural art and heritage of three cultures: Sikhism, Hinduism, and Islam, concentrated on one node in this place. Pakistan does not have any reliable system for recording, managing, and preserving heritage or platforms for recognition of heritage sites. As many other sites, the heritage of Saidpur is in demise and subject to vandalism today. It is important to bring forward the historic and architectural importance of this village globally. Before Saidpur's historical vernacular construction styles are completely lost, it is essential to record its authentic and onsite information so that history can be preserved, and further actions could be taken on its protection and preservation. The case analysis of heritage buildings can also provide inspiration and learning for the future. Hence, this paper shall record and discuss Saidpur's architectural and urban growth with time, its current situation, and analysis of its heritage architecture. This paper intends to collect and preserve both current and old accounts of Saidpur's urban growth and architecture by research through interviews, surveys, and onsite data collection, and present them through images, drawings, records and mapping, survey infographics, tables, and analysis diagrams. The aim of this paper is to collect, generate, and record information on the evolution, history, vernacular architecture style, and heritage architecture of Saidpur and, promote and present data for further heritage conservation and protection work in Saidpur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fortified masías of Teruel's Maestrazgo make up a heritage set of scattered implantation of great interest, with a high degree of authenticity, but little studied. Its status of ambiguous legal protection, a consequence of the generic protection modality with which Spanish legislation protects defensive architecture, and its lack of use place it at risk, and the first step for its revaluation and conservation goes through its knowledge and divulgation. That is why this work focuses on the architectural analysis of this complex through three complementary graphic strategies: a Geographic Information System -GIS-, an eminently graphic catalogue and the architectural survey through the combination of terrestrial photogrammetry and the system traditional manual. A methodology that, adapted to the material means available, has proven to be very appropriate for a heritage of this nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The settlement of Gornji Stoliv is an abandoned rural ensemble located on the northern hillside of Mount Vrmac, in the Bay of Kotor, Montenegro. Including around six dozen residential, commercial and religious buildings, the village is a rare testimony to a social and architectural tradition that was developed throughout the Adriatic coast within the borders of the Republic of Venice from 1420 to 1797. A research conducted between December 2018 and May 2019 was the first wide-scale research into the historical, social, urban, and architectural characteristics and cultural landscape of the village since the 1950s. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive set of analyses carried out on the current state of conservation of the village and demonstrates the methodologies required to analyse a historical built environment of this kind in the absence of sufficient written and archival material.

This paper deals with the color theory and the application of this theory in architectural design. Since the modernist architects and modern era in architecture, the colors of the buildings were not in the focus of their authors. On the contrary, the modern movement has taught us that color, and especially artificial one, is almost a crime to use and in a way, it expresses a lack of a style. Through examining universal color harmony principles in this paper the problem and phenomenon of using colors in contemporary architecture was discussed, which had its roots in the modern movement and evolved through technological advance especially in material technology. The industrial architecture is used as an example, to narrow down the research field, but also for the reasons of extensive and creative use of color in this type of buildings. We have examined several industrial buildings that have been systematized into three categories. All three categories are analyzed for the application of general color harmony principles. Then discussion focuses on refining principles of color usage in architecture that appear in contemporary architecture in order to systematize those principles, particularly important for architectural education and new practitioners of architecture. In conclusion, it is stated that universal color harmony principles are applicable in architecture as well, as in other visual arts.

An analysis of the sedimentary fill of a foreland basin can provide information on the relative effect of tectonics, base‐level fluctuations and climate during basin development. This study analyzes fluvial strata from the upper Cedar Mountain and Naturita formations of the mid‐Cretaceous foreland basin of Utah (USA) to determine the effects of spatial location within the foreland basin on fluvial planform and architecture. The study results document consistent planform and architecture across the distal foredeep and forebulge depozones during flooding of the Western Interior Seaway suggesting that fluvial planform and architecture did not change as a function of position within foreland basin depozone or as a result of base‐level rise. Outcrop data, virtual outcrop models and satellite imagery were used to perform facies and architectural analysis and to collect dimensional and geometric data. Fluvial channel deposits consist of coarse‐grained, laterally accreting bars deposited within narrow, low to moderate sinuosity channels, that were vertically stacked and encased in floodplain fines regardless of geographic location or stratigraphic position and may represent distal deposits of a distributive fluvial system. Bar elements increased in thickness over time indicating increasing channel depths and enhanced discharge. Palaeohydraulic calculations indicate an increase in discharge from between 315 and 1023 to between 1896 and 5270 m3/s, likely due to enhanced precipitation and/or drainage capture in the catchment and basin. Calculated drainage areas for the system increased from 104 to 105 km2 scale over time. The uppermost fluvial deposits were in close proximity (≤60 km) to contemporaneous shoreface systems as the Western Interior Seaway expanded; yet backwater effects are not observed, suggesting that rising base level had no significant effect on fluvial planform or architecture. These results show that fluvial planform and architecture remained constant despite rising base‐level, changing climate, increased discharge and position in different foreland basin depozones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of [i2]: Research & Innovation in Architecture / Investigación e Innovación en Arquitectura y Territorio is the property of Universitat D'Alacant and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the paper is to discuss and analyze the discovery made during an archaeological and architectural rescue research conducted by a team led by Dr Ing. Arch. Piotr Kmiecik and Dr Robert Szwed in the years 2015–2019 on the premises of the former Babiński Hospital at John Paul II Square in Wrocław/Poland. During the research, a piece of glass with a very interesting painting decoration was discovered. The carried out architectural and archaeological research made it possible to unequivocally state that the discovery came from the times when Wroclaw was within the borders of the Kingdom of Bohemia within the Holy Roman Empire. The research used the method of historical, architectural and heraldic analysis, as well as physico-chemical research on glass together with its historical comparative analysis. This allowed to determine with great accuracy the time of creation and the origin of decoration. The graphical representation on the analyzed piece was also specified. It is the coat of arms of Stefan Bátory as Polish king, reconstructed on the basis of conducted analyses. Due to the high quality of elaboration of the detail and the subject matter of the presentation, this discovery was connected with court circles. Therefore, the discovery complements the knowledge about relations between Wroclaw and Poland at the end of the 16th century. The research itself allows to analyze the methodology of conducting interdisciplinary research in the field of history of art and architecture based on the cultural context of the place.

Al- Shuaybiyya Mosque in the old city of Aleppo is recorded in Arabic chronicles as the first mosque built in the city by the Muslims. Its position commemorates the location of their first prayer. It is suggested that it was built on over Roman remains, then rebuilt in Zengid period during the reign of Nur al- Din al- Zengi. It underwent a renovation in the 14th century, and possibly most of the surviving structure either dates to the Ayyubid or the Mamluk period. However, to our knowledge, this mosque has not been explored in the context of an analytical architectural study to trace the remains of each period. This paper aims to examine the architectural development of the mosque using terrestrial laser scanning to identify the elements of the previous structures. The use of laser scanning offers highly accurate survey results, in addition to a better identification of architectural elements and their relation to the structure and the modern-day city. The conducted survey-study suggests the chronology of the building (phases of construction and their limits), based on the architectural analysis of the digital model and consultation of previous studies and historical text.

During the first half of the 14th century, the council of Seville, supported by the Castilian monarchy and the local nobility, responded to the fear of a new invasion from North Africa by embarking on a defence programme that required unprecedented logistical efforts, far beyond the resources available at the time. This programme consisted in building a defensive system across the south of the territory, the so-called "Moorish strip", which included at least 40 defensive towers and small fortifications situated in strategic, visually connected positions. Their aim was to neutralise the Nasrid raids in this border area. Very few of these towers remain intact today, most of them having fallen into an advanced state of decay or having disappeared completely. Since they were abandoned at the end of the Granada War, very little documentation has survived and in some cases all that we have today is a handful of drawings, engravings by travellers and postcards. However, the analysis of this graphic documentation is an efficient method for acquiring knowledge about this heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mot so razo Journal is the property of Mot so razo Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article contributes to clarifying the questions of whether and how fractal geometry, i.e., some of its main properties, are suitable to characterize architectural designs. This is done in reference to complexity-related aesthetic qualities in architecture, taking advantage of the measurability of one of them; the fractal dimension. Research in this area so far, has focused on 2-dimensional elevation plans. The authors present several methods to be used on a variety of source formats, among them a recent method to analyze pictures taken from buildings, i.e., 2.5-dimensional representations, to discuss the potential that lies within their combination. Color analysis methods will provide further information on the significance of a multilayered production and observation of results in this realm. In this publication results from the box-counting method are combined with a coordinate-based method for analyzing redundancy of proportions and their interrelations as well as the potential to include further layers of comparison are discussed. It presents a new area of box-counting implementation, a methodologically redesigned gradient analysis and its new algorithm as well as the combination of both. This research shows that in future systems it will be crucial to integrate several strategies to measure balanced aesthetic complexity in architecture.

By articulating terminology, functional logics and geometrical logics, the semantics of an element can be considered as an architectural concept. In many ways, architectural semantics is one of the foundations of architectural theory, essential for understanding stylistic evolutions in time and space. At the crossroads of architectural theory, art history and even survey practices, architectural vocabularies offer efforts to provide semantic standardisation that might be revisited today, in the light of recent scientific advances in the field of the built heritage. This article aims to reconcile the cognitive issues specific to the semantic study of architectural elements and the exploitation of big data resulting from building digitisations. It is necessary to compare the geometrical characterisation of a corpus of elements (resulting from the examination of the geometrical similarities shared by this corpus) with the description given by four architectural vocabularies. The challenge is to observe the encounters, but also the points of tension between a semantics proposed by the history of art and a semantics resulting from fine geometrical observations. By highlighting the contradictions between the vocabularies themselves and the geometric model, this article discusses the contribution of methods of analysis coming from computer graphics for the development of architectural knowledge.

Al‐Khafaji is a central and well‐known point on the early third millennium BC map of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Bat, in the Sultanate of Oman. For years, Kasr al‐Khafaji ("Tower 1146") has been understood as an Umm an‐Nar (ca. 2800–2000 BCE) monument standing amid a contemporary village. However, recent excavations by the Bat Archaeological Project (BAP) reveal that the entirety of the known site—monument(s) and settlement—is situated on an anthropogenic clay mound that elevated it meters above the surrounding landscape. This paper presents the results of BAP's recent excavations, emphasising the social spaces created by architecture of various functions and scales. It also considers the implications that this new interpretation of al‐Khafaji may have for how the relationship between Umm an‐Nar towers and settlement should be understood. The paper closes with a discussion of Umm an‐Nar tower function and social meaning, concluding that the Khafaji monument(s) likely served a symbolic and possibly performative role in Umm an‐Nar society that was perceived as separate from Umm an‐Nar settlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A detailed analysis of each floor level of the Sarno Baths is proposed. • The numerous passageways within the complex are highlighted. • The upper floor and the roof system have been reconstructed. • A reconstruction 3D model of the Sarno Bath complex has been realized. • The unsolved themes about the function, usability and ownership are presented. The paper focuses on the architectural study of the so called Sarno Bath complex at its final phase, a six-storey building located at the edge of the city (Regio VIII, Insula 2, nos. 17–21). The complete 3D survey of the complex, obtained from the surveys already carried out by the Archaeological Park of Pompeii and by new surveys of the University of Padua (MACH Project), was the fundamental work tool. The research has several aims: (i) to provide a proposal of reconstruction of the partially collapsed southern façade and of the upper levels; (ii) to define the numerous passages within the building complex, useful for understanding how it was used; (iii) to propose a preliminary hypothesis on the function of the different levels and areas, based on the planimetric analysis and on the materials found (the study is ongoing) as well as on the graffiti still in situ; (iv) to provide a "quantitative" architectural evaluation of the complex, facilitated by the digital survey. The understanding of this extraordinary architectural and multifunctional complex, where public functions, residential areas, a public–private bath and storage areas – all interconnected – might coexist, is only at the beginning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The open-source RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA) is gaining traction, both in industry and academia. The ISA is designed to scale from microcontrollers to server-class processors. Furthermore, openness promotes the availability of various open-source and commercial implementations. Our main contribution in this paper is a thorough power, performance, and efficiency analysis of the RISC-V ISA targeting baseline “application class” functionality, i.e., supporting the Linux OS and its application environment based on our open-source single-issue in-order implementation of the 64-bit ISA variant (RV64GC) called Ariane. Our analysis is based on a detailed power and efficiency analysis of the RISC-V ISA extracted from silicon measurements and calibrated simulation of an Ariane instance (RV64IMC) taped-out in GlobalFoundries 22FDX technology. Ariane runs at up to 1.7-GHz, achieves up to 40-Gop/sW energy efficiency, which is superior to similar cores presented in the literature. We provide insight into the interplay between functionality required for the application-class execution (e.g., virtual memory, caches, and multiple modes of privileged operation) and energy cost. We also compare Ariane with RISCY, a simpler and a slower microcontroller-class core. Our analysis confirms that supporting application-class execution implies a nonnegligible energy-efficiency loss and that compute performance is more cost-effectively boosted by instruction extensions (e.g., packed SIMD) rather than the high-frequency operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the contribution of women architects to Palomeras operation projects in the context of the Spanish transition and the Madrid housing emergency in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Works were selected according to their professional impacts; 11 projects were analyzed by redrawing and studying the main types of dwelling. The current reading interpretation—according to a gender perspective—focuses on reproduction of tasks in main spaces at home: in-depth testing of the scope of kitchen surface and glazing ratios, as well as direct lighting, views and minimum distance of housekeeping paths. Furthermore, the comparative and qualitative analysis was based on meaningful data, which yield subtle but expressive results about the consequences of gender-inclusive architect teams. Thus, it is possible to approach and discuss the role played by some women architects of the Madrid School after second-wave feminism, in a key time for gender change in architectural practice in Spain.

The aim of this study is to reveal the opinions of the architect in the design of Konya Science Center, to analyze the relationship established by the structure with the city, its scale with surrounding texture and human, the access to structure, its form, material, technology and its spatial presentation to determine whether it is an image structure or not. For this purpose, science centers’ design purpose and their importance for the city are explained at first, examples across the world are given. Observations and interviews are made, photographs of the structure are taken and any kind of written and drawn resources are utilized in order to determine whether the selected structure is in accordance with the definition “image structure”. As a result, it is determined with this study that Konya Science Center is “an image structure” for the city in parallel with the developing trends in design and construction technology fields in general terms after its analysis in architectural terms.

Statement of the problem: "Rab'e Rashidi" or "Rashidiyya" is an architectural complex. According to "Mostowfi", the author of "Nuz'hat al-Qulub", it was a cultural and academic town, in the northeastern Tabriz at the foot of Mt. Sorkhāb.It was planned and founded in the reign of the Ilkhanid "Sultan Muhammad Öljeitü" by "Khwāja Rashid al-Din Fazl- Allah". According to the "Endowment Deed", the town encompassed several public buildings including a bathhouse. Therefore, it was expected that excavations reveal the ruins of an Ilkhanid bathhouse. The outdoor building in the southeastern quadrant of the site was thus overtly introduced as the Ilkhanid bathhouse of the complex by the former excavators. The underlying question of the present paper was the nature and function of this alleged bathhouse. Objectives: A precise understanding and systematic apperception of the nature, function and identity of a historical/archaeological construction is an essential and challenges facing those preparing any restoration plan are inevitable. No restoration master will then be able to restore a building precisely and systematically without gaining correct insights into that building and its archaeological structure. Methodology: Analytical review of the architectural plan, internal spaces, and building materials of the building allegedly designated as the Ilkhanid Bathhouse showed evident discrepancies with those of the known historical bathhouses in Iran. Results: Based on the falsifiable hypothesizing approach, the purported Ilkhanid Bathhouse could not serve such a function, and indeed there was no evidence to support its Ilkhanid date. The authors proposed the falsifiable hypothesis of a dying workshop or a tannery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ESTOA: Revista de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Cuenca is the property of ESTOA Revista de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Cuenca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper provides a summary of an architectural and structural analysis of traditional Tamang houses in Haku, Rasuwa and the best methods for integrating seismic resistant features and cultural preservation in the recovery after the 2015 Nepal earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]