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Objective: This study aimed to compare the arch width and perimeter of the maxillary and mandibular arch in individuals with Class I normal occlusion, Class II Division 1 malocclusion (Class II/1), and Class II Division 2 malocclusion (Class II/2). Methods and Results: A total of 120 patients with a mean age of 14.5±1.1 years (range 13-16) were divided into three groups: Group 1 included 40 individuals with Class I normal occlusion, Group 2 included 40 patients with Class II/1, and Group 3 included 40 patients with Class II/2. The gender structure in all groups was the same. Measurements of intercanine width (ICW), interpremolar width (IPMW), intermolar width (IMW), and premolar width (PW) in the maxilla and mandible, and dental arch width (DAW) were performed using the Maestro 3D Studio program. All mean maxillary and mandibular widths were higher in males than in females. This study showed that the maxillary ICW in Class II/1 was narrower than the ICW in Class I in males (31.6 mm vs. 33.9 mm), showing statistically significant differences P=0.030). In females, the maxillary IPMW in Class II/1 and Claas II/2 was significantly narrower than in Class I. (37.6 mm and 37.5 mm vs. 39.2 mm) (P=0.001). The IPMW in Class II/1 and Class II/2 in males had smaller values (38.1mm and 38.8mm) than Class I occlusion (39.9 mm) but did not show statistically significant differences (P=0.085). The perimeter of the maxillary arch in Class II/1 was smaller than in Class I, but larger than in Class II/2 (71.7 mm, 75.0 mm, and 73.3 mm, respectively, in females (p=0.003) and 76.7 mm, 78.4 mm, and 75.6 mm, respectively, in males, while we did not obtain a statistically significant difference (P=0.395). Intercanine, interpremolar, premolar, and intermolar widths were larger in the maxilla than in the mandible. In the mandible, we obtained a statistically significant difference only in the IPMW of the female gender classes (32,6 mm for Class 1, 32.4 mm for Class II/1 and 31.5 mm for Class II/2, P=0.031). According to gender, we obtained a statistically significant difference only in the mandible ICW in Class I occlusion (24.9 mm in females and 26.0 mm in males, P=0.018). Conclusion: For each gender, the width and perimeter of the dental arch should be adjusted for each malocclusion.

Abstract Background Many indices have been suggested to help orthodontists in predicting the ideal dental arch width. One of these was Pont’s index which was established by Pont. He suggested equations to predict the ideal maxillary dental arch width (interpremolar and intermolar) from the combined mesiodistal width of the maxillary incisors. This study aimed to test the applicability of Pont’s index as an orthodontic diagnostic tool in Egyptian population and to compare the results with those obtained from studies of different ethnic subjects. Methods This study was performed using dental casts of 184 Egyptian individuals (82 males and 102 females; age range, 19–24 years). The casts were divided into 46 casts with normal occlusion, 46 casts with class I, 46 casts with class II and 46 casts with class III malocclusion, according to Angle’s classification. Alginate impressions were taken for all patients and poured immediately using dental plaster. The real models were transformed into digital models using three-dimensional laser scanner to allow digital model analysis. Predicted arch widths were calculated using Pont’s equations. The predicted values were compared to the measured values. Results Intra class correlation coefficient (ICC) (absolute agreement) between measured and predicted arch widths was determined. Poor absolute agreement was found between measured arch width values and the corresponding values calculated according to Pont’s index. Conclusion According to the results of this study, Pont’s index is not a reliable method for predicting the ideal dental arch widths in Egyptian populations.

Background: Many indices have been suggested to help orthodontists in predicting the ideal dental arch width. One of these was Pont's index which was established by Pont. He suggested equations to predict the ideal maxillary dental arch width (interpremolar and intermolar) from the combined mesiodistal width of the maxillary incisors. This study aimed to test the applicability of Pont's index as an orthodontic diagnostic tool in Egyptian population and to compare the results with those obtained from studies of different ethnic subjects. Methods: This study was performed using dental casts of 184 Egyptian individuals (82 males and 102 females; age range, 19–24 years). The casts were divided into 46 casts with normal occlusion, 46 casts with class I, 46 casts with class II and 46 casts with class III malocclusion, according to Angle's classification. Alginate impressions were taken for all patients and poured immediately using dental plaster. The real models were transformed into digital models using three-dimensional laser scanner to allow digital model analysis. Predicted arch widths were calculated using Pont's equations. The predicted values were compared to the measured values. Results: Intra class correlation coefficient (ICC) (absolute agreement) between measured and predicted arch widths was determined. Poor absolute agreement was found between measured arch width values and the corresponding values calculated according to Pont's index. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, Pont's index is not a reliable method for predicting the ideal dental arch widths in Egyptian populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To clinically compare the effects of broader archwires to standard archwires, using conventional brackets in both cases, on the transverse and incisor changes in maxillary and mandibular arches during leveling and alignment. Materials and methods: Fifty-two patients presenting with crowding were allocated into two groups; one group received the broad Damon archwires while the other received standard 3M OrthoForm III Ovoid archwires. All participants were treated with conventional brackets using similar archwire sequences (0.014, 0.018, 0.016 × 0.022/0.016 × 0.025, 0.019 × 0.025 NiTi/CuNiTi archwires). Digital casts were obtained from alginate impressions before treatment (T0) and six weeks after inserting 0.019 × 0.025 NiTi archwires (T1). Pretreatment (T0) and post-alignment (T1) lateral cephalograms were obtained for each patient. The primary outcomes were the changes in the transverse arch dimensions and incisor inclination. The secondary outcomes were the horizontal and vertical linear changes in incisor position. Results: Complete data were collected for 47 patients. There was a significant increase in arch width during treatment within each group, except for upper inter-molar width in 3M group (P = 0.071). Damon wire induced a statistically significant increase in maxillary inter-second premolar width (P = 0.042), and mandibular inter-first premolar (P = 0.043), inter-second premolar (P = 0.008) and inter-molar widths (P = 0.033) compared to 3M group. The increase in incisor proclination and the linear change in incisor position were significant within each group, with less mandibular incisor proclination (P = 0.004) and horizontal advancement (P = 0.038) in the Damon group. Conclusions: Damon archwires created a comparatively greater increase in the maxillary inter-second premolar width and the mandibular inter-first premolar, inter-second premolar, and inter-molar widths, and less proclination and horizontal advancement in mandibular incisors. The study provides invaluable evidence that using broad archwires with self-ligating brackets is the reason behind any greater expansion observed in this system rather than the unique mechanical and biological features exerted by the self-ligating system. Clinical relevance: Our results suggest that Damon archwire might be a better alternative compared to the narrower standard archwires that are usually used with conventional brackets, especially in the mandibular arch, in cases where mild to moderate crowding is planned to be resolved with a non-extraction approach. However, as arch expansion in the absence of posterior crossbites raises the question of long-term stability, the reported advantage of the use of wide wires should be interpreted with caution and should be considered in the retention phase, bearing in mind that achieving a good post-treatment occlusion is important for enhancing post-treatment stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs about a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the effects of four first premolar extraction and nonextraction orthodontic treatments on intra-arch width, profile, treatment duration, occlusal outcomes, smile aesthetics, and stability. Topics include the debate between extraction and nonextraction treatments, historical perspectives, and a comprehensive analysis of outcomes, emphasizing the need for further high-quality research in the field.

To investigate long-term stability 20 years after orthodontic treatment and the association with arch width changes during treatment. This retrospective study investigated 103 patients with Class I and II malocclusions treated with fixed appliances with and without extractions. The sample was treated by one experienced orthodontist and collected from a private orthodontic office. Dental casts were obtained pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and long-term postretention (T3); they were scanned and converted to STL files. Measurements were evaluated in for the upper and lower arch: intercanine width (IC), intermolar (IM) width, Little's irregularity index (LII). There were 73 female and 30 male patients. Class I was present in 74 patients and Class II in 29. Average postretention time was 17.2 (±6.5) years after an average active retention time of 3.4 (±1.17) years. Extraction was performed in 55 patients while 48 received nonextraction treatment. Bonferroni Post Hoc test showed that LII in the upper and lower arches at T1 was significantly higher in the extraction group (P <.001). Upper and lower arch LII at T3 was slightly higher in extraction cases but remained under 2.05 mm. LII at T3 in the upper and lower arches showed negative correlation with IM T3 in the upper arch (Pearson, N = 103, P =.047), while IC in the upper and lower arches at T3 correlated with IM T3 in the upper and lower (N = 103, P <.001). Clinically relevant long-term stability in both arches was found in extraction and nonextraction cases. Intermolar width and its change during orthodontic treatment was an influential factor on long-term stability in extraction cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sexual dimorphism practically involves differences in size and appearance of the same species which does not involve the difference in sexual organs. A significant variation also occurs with the tooth size, shape, etc., which plays a critical role in sex determination. Forensic investigations are used in defining the number of missing people whose skeletal remains are unknown. Depending on the available bones and their state, a variety of methods with varying degrees of reliability are available for identifying unknown remains. Materials and Methods: Fifty male and 50 female patients in the age group 20–30 years were randomly selected after taking a detailed history. All maxillary impressions were made with alginate and poured into a dental stone. These casts were measured for intercanine width, interpremolar width, and intermolar width using a digital vernier caliper, and findings were correlated with sexual dimorphism. Results: Intercanine width between the tips of right and left maxillary canine was measured in males and females at 36.08 ± 2.04 mm (Range: 30.05–41.64 mm) and in females, the mean intercanine width was 34.31 ± 1.75 mm (Range: 28.35–39.01 mm), respectively. Interpremolar width between the distal pits of right and left first premolars was measured in males and females at 38.97 ± 2.10 mm (Range: 33.94–45.21 mm) and in females, the mean interpremolar width was 36.92 ± 1.87 mm (Range: 31.34 mm), respectively. Intermolar width between the central fossae of right and left first molars was measured in males and females at 50.43 ± 2.25 mm (Range: 44.16–56.84 mm) and in females, the mean intermolar width was 47.90 ± 2.06 mm (Range: 42.66–54.63 mm), respectively. Conclusion: In males, the mean value of the combination of intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths was 125.47 ± 5.61 mm (Range: 108.15–141.86 mm) and in females, it was 119.12 ± 5.05 mm (Range: 103.25–134.36 mm). Mean values of all combinations were larger in males than in females. Thereby, maxillary arch widths contribute to accuracy in determining the gender of the individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present study was performed to examine the mandibular deformation during mouth opening in edentulous patients, treated with an implant-supported fixed prosthesis using strain gauges, and identify factors affecting deformation. Methods: Twenty patients with a fully edentulous mandible who received either 4 or ≥6 implants were included. The distal-most implants were placed mesial to the mental foramen (premolar region) in patients with 4 implants and distal to the mental foramen (molar region) in patients with ≥6 implants. Mandibular deformation during mouth opening was measured using strain gauges in two directions: anteroposterior direction and lateral direction between the distal-most implants on the left and right sides (arch width). The mandibular anatomy was evaluated using computed tomography. Results: Arch width reduction between the left and right implants during mouth opening ranged from 47.38 to 512.80 µm; the range of deformation was 0.12 to 15.14 µm in the anteroposterior direction. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was noted between arch width reduction in the premolar region and the ratio between the symphyseal bone height and width (P = 0.0003, r = 0.72). Conclusion: The reduction in arch width was higher in the molar region than in the premolar region during mouth opening. Moreover, the reduction could be high in the mandibular symphyseal bone because of its greater height and lesser width. The ratio between the symphyseal bone height and width is defined as the mandibular deformation index (MDI) and is used to predict the rate of mandibular bone deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the correlation between skeletal vertical patterns and mandibular dental arch width, basal arch width and the dental buccolingual inclination of patients with skeletal ClassⅠ. Methods The CBCT data of 62 skeletal ClassⅠ malocclusion patients were collected and divided into a high-angle group with 19 cases, a mean-angle group with 22 cases, and a low-angle group with 21 cases according to the GoGn-SN angle. Mandible 3D reconstruction of the three groups was performed using Dolphin software, and dental arch widths, basal arch widths and buccolingual inclination of canines, first premolars and first molars, were measured and statistically analyzed respectively. Redults Mandibular dental arch width showed no significant difference among the three groups (P>0.05). The basal arch widths of mandibular canines and first premolars in low-angle group were larger than those in the other groups (P0.05). Pearson correlation tests showed that the basal arch widths of mandibular canines and first premolars were negatively correlated with GoGn-SN angle. Excluding the influence of dental arch width and basal arch width, there was still a significant positive correlation between the buccolingual inclination of mandibular canines and first premolars and the GoGn-SN angle (P

Objective: This study aimed to compare arch widths among individuals with different vertical skeletal patterns at Peshawar Dental College, Peshawar. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at the Orthodontics department, Peshawar Dental College, from July 2022 to February 2023. Ninety patients were selected using non-probability consecutive sampling, divided into normodivergent, hypodivergent, and hyperdivergent groups. Arch width measurements were taken on plaster dental casts, and facial patterns were classified based on the Frankfort mandibular plane angle. Results: Mean age was 23.58 ± 6.64 years, and wide lower arches were predominant. Statistically significant differences were found in maxillary total arch length (p=0.03) and mandibular posterior intermolar width (p=0.04). Hyperdivergent individuals exhibited narrower maxillary inter-canine (p<0.001), maxillary inter-molar (p=0.010), and mandibular inter-molar (p<0.001) widths compared to hypodivergent and normodivergent subjects. No significant differences were observed in mandibular inter-canine width. Conclusion: The vertical skeletal pattern significantly influences arch width in both arches, except for mandibular inter-canine width. Arch widths tend to be narrower in high-angle cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to evaluate the relationship of various cephalometric skeletal patterns in the vertical and anteroposterior planes with intercanine width in untreated orthodontic patients. METHOD AND MATERIAL: This study included dental cast and cephalometric radiographs of 100 patients (69 females and 31 males) of the age range 13 to 33 years. Skeletal parameters including SNA, SNB, SNMP angles were found from lateral cephalometric radiographs. Intercanine widths including upper intercanine widths (UICW) and lower intercanine widths (LICW) were measured by a digital caliper. RESULTS: The correlation of intercanine width with SNA, SNB, and SNMP angles was analyzed by applying Pearson correlation coefficient. According to statistical analysis, the only insignificant correlation was analyzed between UICW with SNB and LICW with SN-MP. CONCLUSIONS: The overall result showed statistically significant relationship of various cephalometric skeletal patterns in the sagittal and vertical planes with intercanine width. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is essential to know dental arch dimensions to provide accurate diagnosis and treatment planning to ensure the satisfactory outcome of orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to measure and compare dental arch dimensions of a Kurdish sample in Erbil city with normal and different classes of malocclusion. Arch width and length were measured by an electronic digital caliper on a total of 150 orthodontic models of school students aged 16–20 years of different occlusal relationships (Class I normal occlusion, Class I, Class II division I, Class II Division II, and Class III malocclusions). The results showed that (1) girls have smaller arch parameters than boys; (2) Class II division II malocclusion showed a significantly smaller upper inter canine width, arch length, incisor molar distance, and incisor canine distance when compared to all other groups; (3) the upper inter premolar and inter molar width were significantly narrower in Class II division I malocclusion than of normal occlusions and Class III malocclusion and also narrower in Class I malocclusion than in normal occlusions for both arches; (4) the arch length was significantly longer in Class II division I when compared to Class II division II, Class I malocclusions (P < 0.01), Class III malocclusion and Class I normal occlusion (P < 0.05), and (5) no statistically significant differences were found in all the arch dimensions for Class III malocclusion when compared with the normal occlusion. In conclusion, girls had smaller arch dimension than boys and Class II Division II malocclusion showed smaller arch in all dimensions while Class II division I malocclusion revealed narrower arch width and longer arch length.

Background: Dental arch form and dimension are fundamental factors in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Its dimension will increase, due to the eruption of teeth, and is also affected by ethnicity, nutrition, systemic disease, hormonal factors, and gender. Many teeth are erupting in 8–10-year-old children. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the correlation between age and dental arch dimension of Javanese children in good nutritional status for consideration of orthodontic treatment. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 66 children aged 8–10 years in a normal dentoskeletal relationship, grouped based on age as the subject. Each group consisted of 22 pairs of dental study models, male and female. Anterior and posterior size of dental arch length were measured by digital sliding calipers from the midpoint between the right and left permanent central incisors perpendicular to the inter-canines and inter-molars. The width was measured at the inter-canines and inter-molars. Results: Pearson’s correlation test showed that there were significant correlations between age and maxillary dental arch lengths (p = 0.01, r = 0.31 for anterior, and p = 0.043, r = 0.249 for posterior). Conclusion: Based on this study, it can be concluded that there was a positive correlation between age and dental arch length of 8–10-year-old Javanese children in good nutritional status, especially in maxillary dental arch length.

Distalization with temporary anchorage devices (TADs) is commonly used to resolve crowding and to correct molar relationships in non-extraction cases. The purpose of this study was to quantify the treatment effects and post-treatment stability of total arch distalization with TADs in adults and thereby elucidate the clinical effect of this treatment modality. The subjects of the study were 39 adult orthodontic patients treated with total arch distalization with TADs. Lateral cephalograms and dental casts were taken at pretreatment (T0), post-treatment (T1), and the retention period (T2, 29.3 ± 12.8 months) to evaluate the vertical and horizontal movement of teeth, changes of arch width and molar rotation. It was concluded that even though there was a little relapse in the anteroposterior position of the maxillary and mandibular teeth during retention, there was no obvious relapse in the facial profile. Therefore, the total arch distalization can be used in patients with a moderate amount of arch length discrepancy effectively with stable retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine mean intercanine arch width & mean intermolar arch width in Angle's class I, Class II division I, Class II Division 2 and Class III malocclusion patients. Materials and Methods: Pre-treatment maxillary and mandibular dental casts of 104 Nepali adult patients were used for this study. Maxillary and mandibular intercanine arch width and intermolar arch width were measured with digital caliper. Descriptive statistics was used to measure mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviations and ranges of maxillary and mandibular intercanine and intermolar arch width. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean intercanine arch width in mandible in class I was 26.72 ± 1.57 mm, Class II division I 26.91 ± 2.77 mm, class II division 2 27.39 ± 2.07 mm and class III 28.31 ± 1.65 mm while mean intercanine arch width in maxilla in class I was 35.11 ± 1.51 mm, Class II division I 32.86 ± 3.29 mm, class II division 2 34.33 ± 2.66 mm and class III 34.73 ± 2.32 mm. Mean intermolar arch width in mandible in class I was 51.3 ± 2.83 mm, Class II division I 50.23 ± 1.80 mm, class II division 2 50.33 ± 4.01 mm and class III 53.94 ± 3.95 mm while mean intermolar arch width in maxilla in class I was 53.52 ± 2.97 mm, Class II division I 50.87 ± 2.21 mm, class II division 2 52.07 ± 3.67 mm and class III 55.20 ± 3.50 mm. Conclusion: Class II division I malocclusion showed narrow maxillary arch width while Class III malocclusion showed wider mandibular arch width. Males showed wider intercanine and intermolar arch width in all the Angle's Classes of malocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of three intraoral scanner (IOS) systems with three different dental arch widths. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three dental models with different intermolar widths (small, medium, and large) were attached to metal bars of different lengths (30, 40, and 50 mm). The bars were measured with a coordinate measuring machine and used as references. Three IOSs were compared: TRIOS 3 (TRI), True Definition (TD), and Dental Wings (DW). The relative length and angular deviation of both ends of the metal bars from the scan data set (n = 15) were calculated and analyzed. RESULTS. Comparing among scanners in terms of trueness, the relative length deviation of DW in the small (1.28%) and medium (1.08%) arches were significantly higher than TRI (0.46% and 0.48%) and TD (0.33% and 0.18%). The angular deviation of DW in the small (1.75°) and medium (1.83°) arches were also significantly greater than TRI (0.63° and 0.40°) and TD (0.55° and 0.89°). Comparing within scanner, the large arch of DW showed better accuracy than other arch sizes (P < .05). On the other hand, the larger arch of TD presented a greater tendency of angular deviation in terms of trueness. No significant differences were found in terms of trueness between the arch widths of TRI group. CONCLUSION. The different widths of the dental arches can affect the accuracy of some intraoral scanners in full arch scan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permanent lateral incisors have been considered as major missing teeth in the mouth. The main aim of the present study is to conduct a comparative study of maxillary and mandibular arch widths, overjet and overbite for a sample with missing lateral incisors and normal class I occlusion. The sample of the study comprises sixty pairs of study models of both genders, which were separated into two groups. The first group consisted of thirty casts of bilateral congenital missing lateral incisors, while the second group consisted of thirty casts of the class I occlusion. The intercanine width, interpremolar width, intermolar width, overjet and overbite were measured for the sixty samples. The results of this study demonstrate a significant reduction in maxillary and mandibular arch width in bilateral missing lateral Incisors as compared with normal class I group. The results also revealed a significant reduction in overjet and overbite in bilateral missing lateral incisors as compared with normal class I group. A significant difference was also reported between the two groups based on gender difference in the maxillary arch width. Conversely, non-significant difference was found in the mandibular arch width. The present study also shows non-significant difference based on gender difference in overjet and overbite in the two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: To evaluate the transverse dimensions of the maxillary arch induced by fixed self-ligating and traditional straight-wire appliances during orthodontic therapy. Patients and Methods: Forty consecutive patients (age range 14 to 30 years) with normal or low mandibular plane angle, normal overbite, and mild crowding were included. The traditional appliance was composed of Victory Series MBT brackets (3M Unitek), and the self-ligating appliance of Damon-3MX brackets (Ormco). The leveling and aligning phase with round archwires lasted 6 months and was followed by another 6 months of rectangular archwires. The archwire sequence with the MBT appliance was 0.016-inch and 0.019 x 0.025-inch Ni-Ti form II (3M Unitek), while in the Damon-3MX, it was 0.014-inch and 0.016-inch followed by 0.016 x 0.025-inch copper nickel-titanium (Ormco). Intercanine, first and second interpremolar, and intermolar widths in the maxilla were recorded before treatment (T0) and 12 months later (T1). Results: In both groups, a significant increase from T0 to T1 was recorded for all transverse measurements, but no significant difference was observed between groups. Conclusion: Within 12 months of treatment, both appliances increased maxillary dentoalveolar widths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distalization with temporary anchorage devices (TADs) is commonly used to resolve crowding and to correct molar relationships in non-extraction cases. The purpose of this study was to quantify the treatment effects and post-treatment stability of total arch distalization with TADs in adults and thereby elucidate the clinical effect of this treatment modality. The subjects of the study were 39 adult orthodontic patients treated with total arch distalization with TADs. Lateral cephalograms and dental casts were taken at pretreatment (T0), post-treatment (T1), and the retention period (T2, 29.3 ± 12.8 months) to evaluate the vertical and horizontal movement of teeth, changes of arch width and molar rotation. It was concluded that even though there was a little relapse in the anteroposterior position of the maxillary and mandibular teeth during retention, there was no obvious relapse in the facial profile. Therefore, the total arch distalization can be used in patients with a moderate amount of arch length discrepancy effectively with stable retention.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the arch dimensions of beta thalassemia major patients in comparison with normal individuals. Materials and Methods: Dental arch dimensions were compared between thalassemic patients and normal individuals in the age group of 12–16 years in the maxillary and mandibular arch corresponding to each other regarding age, sex and Angle's molar relationship. A total number of sixty cases in each group were taken. Maxillary and mandibular impressions were made with alginate for all the sixty participants in each group and poured with die stone. Measurement of inter incisor, inter canine, inter premolar and intermolar arch width, arch depth, right anterior, right posterior, left anterior, and left posterior arch length was carried out from each cast using digital Vernier caliper.Results: Unpaired t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistically, a significant difference was found between the case and control groups in the maxillary arch in intercanine width, inter premolar width, intermolar width, right anterior arch length, right posterior arch length, and left anterior arch length. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups in inter incisor width, left posterior arch length, and arch depth in the maxillary arch. In the mandibular arch, statistically significant difference was found between the case and control groups in inter canine width, inter premolar width, inter molar width, and left anterior arch length. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the case and control groups in the mandibular arch in interincisor width, right anterior arch length, right posterior arch length, and left posterior arch length. Conclusion: Dental arch widths and arch lengths were significantly reduced in thalassemic patients as compared to normal individuals for the maxillary and mandibular arches.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess and compare dental arch widths in the anterior and posterior regions among patients undergoing extraction and non-extraction treatments for Class I and Class II malocclusions., Materials and Methodology: A total of 40 patients were selected, with 10 in each of the categorized groups based on malocclusion type and treatment status. Dental arch widths were meticulously measured using a digital Vernier caliper at the canine and molar regions to ensure precise data collection., Results: Statistically significant differences were noted when comparing mean inter-canine and molar widths between pre- and post-treatment periods among extraction cases in Class I malocclusion (p < 0.001). Conversely, there were no significant changes observed in arch widths among non-extraction cases in Class I malocclusion. Similarly, significant changes were observed in both extraction and non-extraction cases of Class II malocclusion when comparing mean inter-canine and molar widths between pre- and post-treatment periods (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: After treatment, both Class I and Class II extraction cases showed an increase in inter-canine arch width, while intermolar arch width remained unchanged, suggesting that the treatment did not significantly alter the buccal corridor. Additionally, there were no notable changes in inter-canine arch widths between pre- and post-treatment in Class I non-extraction cases. However, the Class II non-extraction group exhibited increased upper and lower inter-canine arch widths after treatment., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Hegde et al.)

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to observe the correlation between duration of bottle feeding and dental arch measurement in deciduous dentition. Duration of bottle feeding was divided into 4 groups: ≤ 24 months, 25 – 36 months, 37 – 48 months, and > 48 months. The subjects were 120 kindergarten pupils, aged 3 – 5 years old. Measurements was done on the models of maxilla and mandible with digital caliper for the width and length of dental arch and using flexible curve for dental arch circumference. Pearson correlation showed a weak association for anterior arch width (r=0.206), posterior arch width (r=0.195), and anterior circumference (r=0.206) of maxilla and posterior arch width (r=0.279), anterior circumference (r=0.226) of mandible. One-way Anova was performed to analyze the differences of dental arch measurements among duration of bottle-feeding groups. The results showed that there were significant differences of dental arch measurements for anterior arch width of maxilla, posterior arch width of mandible, and anterior circumference of mandible (p

Abstract Purpose To evaluate and compare the long term stability of treatment outcome in patients treated with fixed orthodontic treatment with and without premolar extractions. Material and methods Fifty five debonded patients (35 females and 20 males) with complete pre-treatment (T0) and post-treatment (T1) records with at least 3 years of post-retention (T2) were included in the study. These patients were divided into two groups; Extraction group comprising of 30 patients who had undergone 4 premolar extractions and non-extraction group had 25 patients. Long term stability of post-treatment occlusion was assessed with Little's irregularity index, intercanine width and ABO model grading system. Results The incisor irregularity score increased in both extraction and non-extraction groups from post-treatment (T1) to post-retention (T2) and the mean changes were statistically significant. The results of Mann–Whitney test for Little's irregularity index and intercanine width showed no statistically significant differences between the extraction and the non-extraction groups at T1 to T2. The overall mean changes in the ABO variables showed no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) from post-treatment (T1) to post-retention phase (T2) in extraction and non-extraction groups except interproximal contacts, which showed a statistically significant difference. Conclusion There was significant relapse in the alignment of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth with a change in Little's irregularity score, intercanine width and ABO scores from post-treatment to post-retention. The comparison of relapse in extraction and non-extraction groups did not show significant differences from T1 to T2. Therefore, similar relapse may be expected irrespective of treatment plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the present study was to do an overview of the arch dimension for various populations. Also, to evaluate the various type of measurement methods and sexual disparities. Two reviewers independently performed the selection process and the quality of studies was assessed. Method: Studies published form January 2000 until October 2015 were identified in electronic databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Science direct, Web of Science, Medpilot and Medline using keywords. Criteria used included: observational studies, Arch size measured, Permanent dentition, Arch dimension investigated via plaster and digital dental models, measurement via calipers and computers software's. Result: The forest plots showed the continuous trend for the greater arch dimension for male in relation to female. The current overview showed the arch dimension and its disparities for various populations. Conclusion: The various methods to assess arch dimension should be carefully considered and well conducted as part of the clinical assessment of orthodontic treatment, since arch dimension could influence the diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crowding is one of the causes of class I malocclusion. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between arch length, arch width and arch perimeter in crowded and non-crowded arches, as well as to made comparison of the right and left sides between them and to find out the contributing factor in lower arch crowding. The study groups consisted of 60 subjects aged 16 to 21 years. First group consisted of 30 pairs of dental study models with class I normal occlusion. The second group consisted of 30 pairs of study models with class I crowding. Measurements of arch length and width were made as defined by Lavelle and Foster, using Korkhaus callipers. Arch perimeter was measured by Lundstrom method’s using manual calliper with sharp points. Differences between these measurements were made by Mann-Whitney U test (Z/U).

Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference between Class I (CI) normal occlusion, Class II division 1 (CIId1) and CII division 2 (CIId2), and Class III (CIII) malocclusion with respect to arch widths, width of the maxillary and mandibular arches, gender dimorphism within groups, and gender comparisons. Materials and Methods: Samples of 40 CI subjects, 40 CIId1 subjects, 40 CIId2 subjects, and 34 CIII subjects were studied. All subjects were Indians with no history of orthodontic treatment. An analysis of variance and Duncan's test statistically compared the groups and genders. Results: CIId1 malocclusion showed the narrowest maxillary arch compared with the other types of malocclusions. CIII malocclusion showed largest mandibular arch than other types of malocclusions. Gender dimorphism is more commonly seen in CI normal occlusion than other types of malocclusions. Gender dimorphism is not observed in CIId1 group. Gender comparisons revealed arch width differences between different types of malocclusions more pronounced in males than in females. The maxillary/mandibular intermolar width difference is positive for CI normal occlusion and negative for CIId1, CIId2, and CIII malocclusions, which suggested, the presence of crossbite tendency in CII and CIII malocclusions. Conclusion: The hypothesis is rejected by the findings of this study.

Introduction: Intercanine and intermolar width are key measurements for diagnosis and orthodontic treatment planning. The aim of current study was to determine the mean maxillary intercanine arch width (ICW) of untreated normal arch Pakistani patients and to compare it with other populations. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Orthodontic department, Faisalabad Medical University. Period: 1/12/2016 to 1/11/2017. Material and Methods: ICW measurements on dental casts of 60 normal occlusion patients. ICW was measured using digital caliper between the maxillary canine cusp tips. The Non probability consecutive sampling technique was used in this study. All the data collected was analyze by using SPSS software (version 21.0.0). Results: In our study the mean age of the patients was 19.11±3.13 years. The mean value of maxillary ICW of the normal occlusion orthodontic patients was 35.21±3.31 mm. Conclusion: Our study results concluded that well aligned arches and ideal occlusions can be achieved in Pakistanis with maxillary intercanine width as narrow as 35.21±3.31 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the arch dimensions of beta thalassemia major patients in comparison with normal individuals.Materials and Methods: Dental arch dimensions were compared between thalassemic patients and normal individuals in the age group of 12-16 years in the maxillary and mandibular arch corresponding to each other regarding age, sex and Angle's molar relationship. A total number of sixty cases in each group were taken. Maxillary and mandibular impressions were made with alginate for all the sixty participants in each group and poured with die stone. Measurement of inter incisor, inter canine, inter premolar and intermolar arch width, arch depth, right anterior, right posterior, left anterior, and left posterior arch length was carried out from each cast using digital Vernier caliper.Results: Unpaired t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistically, a significant difference was found between the case and control groups in the maxillary arch in intercanine width, inter premolar width, intermolar width, right anterior arch length, right posterior arch length, and left anterior arch length. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups in inter incisor width, left posterior arch length, and arch depth in the maxillary arch. In the mandibular arch, statistically significant difference was found between the case and control groups in inter canine width, inter premolar width, inter molar width, and left anterior arch length. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the case and control groups in the mandibular arch in interincisor width, right anterior arch length, right posterior arch length, and left posterior arch length.Conclusion: Dental arch widths and arch lengths were significantly reduced in thalassemic patients as compared to normal individuals for the maxillary and mandibular arches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional method of measuring foot-arch parameters is highly dependent on the measurer's skill level, so accurate measurements are difficult to obtain. To solve this problem, we propose an autonomous geometric foot-arch analysis platform that is capable of capturing the sole of the foot and yields three foot-arch parameters: arch index (AI), arch width (AW) and arch height (AH). The proposed system captures 3D geometric and color data on the plantar surface of the foot in a static standing pose using a commercial RGB-D camera. It detects the region of the foot surface in contact with the footplate by applying the clustering and Markov random field (MRF)-based image segmentation methods. The system computes the foot-arch parameters by analyzing the 2/3D shape of the contact region. Validation experiments were carried out to assess the accuracy and repeatability of the system. The average errors for AI, AW, and AH estimation on 99 data collected from 11 subjects during 3 days were --0.17%, 0.95 mm, and 0.52 mm, respectively. Reliability and statistical analysis on the estimated foot-arch parameters, the robustness to the change of weights used in the MRF, the processing time were also performed to show the feasibility of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and objectives: An ideal model analysis is a study that helps to appreciate the occlusion and dentition from all three dimensions, to analyze the degree and severity of malocclusion, and to derive the diagnosis and plan for treatment. An orthodontist must acknowledge the fact that a thorough knowledge of arch width is essential for a stable, functional, and esthetic treatment result. The aim of this study was to analyze the arch width and its difference in normal occlusion, crowding, and spacing with the objective to include arch width as important criteria in model analysis of treatment planning. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 pre-treatment casts including 30 casts of normal occlusion or tooth positions, 30 casts with crowding, and 30 casts with spacing were used in the study and the arch width was found. Results: There was a significant difference between the arch width in normal occlusion, crowding, and spacing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To search for any differences in tooth size and dental arch dimensions between Iraqi Arabs and Kurds. Materials and Methods: Upper and lower dental casts of 40 Kurdish and 40 Arabic subjects ranging in age between 14-18 years and equally divided between males and females, were measured for mesiodistal tooth size as well as for dental arch width, length and perimeter. Results: Kurdish males and females showed larger values for mesiodistal tooth size and dental arch width, perimeter and length than their Arabic counterpart. The majority of differences were significant. Males in both Arabic and Kurdish population had greater tooth and dental arch size than females. Conclusions: Data of tooth size and dental arch dimensions for Iraqi Arabs is not applied to Iraqi Kurdish subjects.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between idiopathic condylar resorption （ICR） and arch width disorder. Methods: Thirty-two patients with ICR and twenty patients without condylar resorption were enrolled according to the same inclusion criteria. They were divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group was divided into unilateral ICR group and bilateral ICR group according to the affected side of condylar resorption, and then experimental group was divided into subgroups ICR Ⅰ, ICRⅡand ICR Ⅲ according to the degree of condylar resorption. Patients with no condylar resorption were used as a control group. The width of anterior, middle and posterior segments of dental arch on cone beam computed tomography（CBCT） was measured and the two groups of measured values were statistically analyzed. Results: Compared with the control group, the width of maxillary anterior, middle and posterior segments in ICR group was significantly reduced, and the difference was statistically significant（ P <0.01）. But the width of mandibular segment was not significantly different from that in control group（ P >0.05）. There was no significant difference in the width of anterior, middle and posterior dental arch between subgroups（ P >0.05）. Conclusion: Almost all patients with ICR have malocclusion of maxillary and mandibular arch width, but there is no significant correlation between the malocclusion width and the severity of condylar resorption., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Abstract Background: Since the introduction of modern orthodontics, several indices have been proposed to help prediction normal maxillary arch width that would relieve crowding, maintain occlusion stability and reduces future relapse. Among these indices Pont had proposed an index in 1909 to estimate maxillary arch width depending upon the sum of maxillary incisors mesiodistal dimensions. Aims: The present study tried to investigate the reliability of Pont's index in estimating dental arch width. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 22 boys and 22 girls aged 14–16 years. Measurements of all study models were done using a sliding caliper. The arch width was measured in first premolar region between distal pits, and in first permanent molar region between central fossae. Results: Statistical analysis, using correlation coefficient; revealed a poor correlations existed between Pont's estimation for the arch width and the actual arch width measured from the casts for both sexes. The arch widths were generally underestimated for all test groups. Conclusion: It was concluded that Pont's index is not a precise method for prediction of maxillary dental arch width.