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El criterio para decidir sobre la unidad o pluralidad de lenguas en el centro peninsular durante la Edad Media ha de ser lingüístico, y no literario o político. La lengua en que se comunican hoy la mayor parte de los españoles no se originó solamente al norte de Burgos, sino también en la Rioja. León y Aragón. Esta lengua ha de llamarse española desde sus orígenes, porque ya entonces se hablaba en la mayor parte de España.

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Copyright of Lengas is the property of Presses Universitaires de la Mediterranee and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lengas is the property of Presses Universitaires de la Mediterranee and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Las legislaciones internacional, estatal y autonómica contemplan la igualdad como un principio básico. Sin embargo, en materia lingüística encontramos disfunciones que discriminan a los hablantes de las lenguas habladas históricamente en un territorio, pero no declaradas expresamente oficiales en él, frente a quienes hablan la lengua oficial del Estado o alguna lengua cooficial. Parte de la doctrina y la práctica institucional y administrativa han instaurado la creencia en una jerarquización entre las lenguas habladas en España que se aparta de la letra y el espíritu de la Constitución. Este artículo analiza esta situación, a la vez que plantea la existencia de un tertium genus o situación de cuasioficialidad de las lenguas propias no oficiales. Tras el estudio de la legislación, la jurisprudencia y la praxis, se alcanza la conclusión de la existencia de una doble discriminación para los hablantes de las lenguas reconocidas oficialmente pero que no gozan de un estatus de oficialidad.

En este trabajo se ofrece una síntesis de nuevos planteamientos sobre el estatus sociológico del aragonés medieval que destacan la importancia que adquirió esa lengua en la construcción política del reino de Aragón, en contraste con el catalán y el latín. Se discute asimismo la definición lingüística del concepto de “aragonés común”, sobre el que se habría edificado el proceso medieval de estandarización de la lengua, así como los problemas que plantea esa definición.

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Copyright of Journal of Language & Law / Revista de Llengua i Dret is the property of Revista de Llengua i Dret and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La creació de sistemes de traducció automàtica per a llengües desfavorides, que anomenaré llengües menors, presenta diversos reptes alhora que obri la porta a noves oportunitats. Després de definir conceptes preliminars com ara els de llengua menor i traducció automàtica, i d’explicar breument els tipus de traducció automàtica existents, els usos més comuns, el tipus de dades en què es basen, i els drets d’ús i les llicències del programari i de les dades de traducció automàtica, es discuteixen els reptes a què s’enfronta la construcció de sistemes de traducció automàtica i els possibles efectes sobre l’estatus de la llengua menor, usant com a exemples llengües menors d’Europa.

Aquest document recull les principals novetats legislatives i jurisprudencials en matèria de dret lingüístic de la comunitat autònoma d'Aragó que s'han produït en els últims 40 anys en relació amb l’aragonès i amb el català d'Aragó.

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Hasta el siglo xv, el aragonés y el catalán fueron lenguas de uso habitual en la Corona de Aragón, tanto en los escritos reales como en los notariales. A partir de entonces, se acentuó el empleo del castellano en la administración aragonesa, aunque en los documentos de la época se plasmó la resistencia de las lenguas autóctonas de Aragón a ser substituidas por el romance sobrevenido. Una buena muestra de ello es el libro de cuentas del concejo de Mirambel (Teruel), redactado entre 1472 y 1489, del cual ofrecemos en estas páginas un análisis lingüístico para demostrar la convivencia de lenguas existente todavía a finales del siglo xv.

Copyright of Revista de Filología Románica is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Etudes Romanes de Brno is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Language & Law / Revista de Llengua i Dret is the property of Revista de Llengua i Dret and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Language & Law / Revista de Llengua i Dret is the property of Revista de Llengua i Dret and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente artículo aborda los influjos lingüísticos que se producen desde el catalán hacia el castellano de Aragón a principios del siglo XVII. El estudio de tales influjos se centra en el análisis lingüístico de un acta notarial original, denominada la Concordia, que data de 1624 y en la que participan las localidades de Alcañiz, Valdealgorfa, Valjunquera, La Codoñera y Torrecilla, todas ellas poblaciones situadas en el Bajo Aragón turolense. Los resultados de este estudio muestran, por un lado, unos influjos directos por parte del catalán en la fonética y en el léxico castellanos y, por otro lado, unas coincidencias lingüísticas entre el catalán y ciertas piezas que todavía se mantienen vivas en esta zona procedentes del aragonés medieval que se habló varios siglos antes

This paper reviews and rethinks both the existence of the signifier Ongotituero for a toponym found in Linás de Broto (Huesca) and the etymology (FONTE *GUTTATŌRIU) given by the British philologist W.D. Elcock, issues typically accepted by researchers. As a result of evidences of a different signifier, Engotituero, that is nowadays recognized by locals, it can be set another linguistic origin that does not present so many problems for acceptance. Hence, this second term can be explained as a -tuero (< -TŌRIU) derivate, now unproductive suffix in Aragonese, built on the archaic and not documented verb *engotir, corresponding the old Castilian engollir, 'gobble', whose /t/ is result of the final evolution of the geminate -LL- present in the original basis of that verb.

Se analizan aquí dos interesantes inventarios de los objetos existentes en los Castillos Mayor y Real de Calatayud (Aragón) que fueron realizados en 1371. El estudio ha partido de la transcripción del texto original catalán del Archivo de la Corona de Aragón y se ha centrado en los elementos de arnés o armadura, armas e ingenios o máquinas de guerra; se ha indagado sobre el carácter y funcionalidad de cada objeto, así como en la terminología empleada, con aragonesismos patentes; se ha comparado en lo posible con textos coetáneos. El trabajo ha permitido conocer los elementos existentes en los castillos, determinando su especificidad, sus elementos, su estado, así como las carencias, no fácilmente explicables, como el caso de las ballestas. Por el contrario, la minuciosa descripción de las máquinas de guerra resulta verdaderamente excepcional.

INTRODUCTION. Aragonese is one of the regional languages of the Spanish autonomous community of Aragon. In spite of its introduction as a school subject two decades ago, there are still few studies focused on its position in education. Considering the influence of teachers on the pupils’ linguistic attitudes, and their major role in decision-making about the presence of Aragonese in schools, it seems necessary to examine the attitudes of future teachers towards this language and its teaching. METHOD. With this aim, qualitative research was conducted among teacher education students on the Huesca campus of the University of Zaragoza. RESULTS. The data reveal that the majority of attitudes towards Aragonese are favourable or neutral attitudes. Nevertheless, the plurilingual reality of Aragon is still invisibilized in this autonomous community’s schools. Furthermore, the majority of future teachers consider that Aragonese should be taught as a subject and this attitude does not help the language to progress from its current situation. DISCUSSION. Considering that the contact with Aragonese or other regional languages is the main factor associated with committed attitudes towards its teaching among future teachers, we cannot be optimistic about its future in the school system.

The purpose of this paper is to study the historical contact between Aragonese and Catalan lexicon, in the context of the Romance languages, taking into account the historical influence exerted by the Aragonese on the Valencian language, which is also influenced by other Eastern peninsular dialects. We have used a method based on Geolinguistics and documentation, in order to analyze some words from popular authors from Valencia and Aragon of the XVIIIth, XIXth and XXth centuries. This way, our study provides new data and new interpretations on the study of the linguistic contact between the peninsular languages. Also the study provides Valencian words not included in the dictionaries (coscarrana, a tassament), first documentations (acabacases, bolxaca, cara-sol, cútio, estrela, a la gatamau, monyica) and words used in Aragón not included in the DECH (acabacasas, bolchaco, botinchado, a gatomiau, tasamente), or included in the DECH but not in Aragón (botinchado, carasol). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En los primitivos documentos romances el posesivo sólo aparece antepuesto al sustantivo (“(el) nuestro padre”). La posposición (“padre nuestro”) se empieza a registrar en el siglo XIII en aragonés y en dialecto navarro. Considerando principalmente la documentación de esta segunda variedad, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar el modo en que el posesivo adquirió la capacidad de aparecer pospuesto. Este cambio se vio impulsado por factores de naturaleza estructural. Uno de ellos es la existencia de la construcción posesiva con de y pronombre personal (“por raçón de mí”); otro, la concurrencia del posesivo en coordinación, bien con el sintagma preposicional (“nin subdito vuestro nin de la eglesia”), bien con otro posesivo (“l’amor nuestra e vuestra”). El posesivo se pospondría adoptando la posición propia del sintagma preposicional. Asimismo, habría influido en la imposición del cambio la tendencia a aligerar la posición prenominal cuando concurrían en ella más de un adyacente. In the first Romance texts, possessives only occur in prenominal position (e.g. (el) nuestro padre). The earliest records of postposition (e.g. padre nuestro) date back to the 13th century in Aragonese and in Navarrese dialect. This paper reports largely on documentation involving Navarrese in order to determine in what way the postpositive placement of the possessive became normal. The influence of three grammar structures has been found to trigger possessive postposition. The first structure is a possessive construction consisting of the preposition de followed by a personal pronoun (e.g. campo de nos). The second structure includes a possessive in coordination either with a prepositional phrase (nin subdito vuestro nin de la eglesia) or with another possessive (l’amor nuestra e vuestra). In this case, the possessive occurs after the noun in the natural place of a prepositional phrase. Finally, possessive postposition became a norm to compensate noun phrases including more than one modifier in prenominal position.

One of the Aragonese areas where there is better evidence of Catalan-Aragonese dialect transition is la Llitera, an area in the province of Osca where Catalan and Aragonese border varieties remain alive, alongside the North-Western varieties proper. In order to show the internal geovariation in the area, this paper presents the most relevant phonetic and morphological traits which may establish the linguistic adscription of the local dialects. This is supported by a number of maps, which allow us to understand the geolinguistic configuration. An appendix includes five ethnotexts representing some of the towns, with a comment on the dialectal words appearing therein.

A Ley 3/2013 de uso, protección y promoción de las lenguas y modalidades lingüísticas de Aragón, aprebata por as Cortes d’Aragón, en sustituzión d’una anterior de 2009 que prauticamén estió inaplicata, ha suszitato a indinazión y a polemica por parti de qui preximan que fa perén a indeseyable situgazión cutiana de as luengas propias d’Aragón, l’aragonés y o catalán (a primera declarata en peligro estinzión por a Unesco). Entre as custions más polémicas d’ista nueba lai ye a disparixión de os nombres de as luengas fablatas en Aragón, que son estatos sustituyitos por atros que han suszitato o refuse de o mundo zientifico y a opinión publica aintro y fuera d’Aragón; asinas o catalán en Aragón y l’aragonés, pasan a clamar-se Lengua Aragonesa Propia del Área Oriental (LAPAO) y Lengua Aragonesa Propia del Pirineo y Prepirineo (LAPAPYP). Antimás, a nueba lai rebaxa o ran de proteuzión y fomento d’istas dos luengas minoritarias, feito particularmén grau en o que respeuta a l’aragonés por a suya precaira situgazión, y establixe un enfoque dialeutalista a ultranza que, en opinión de os suyos detrautors bulnera claramén a Carta Europea de las Lenguas Regionales o Minoritarias y chustifica a presentazión de un recurso debán de o Tribunal Constitucional.

The paper focuses on the description of the pre-Roman component and its influence upon Aragonese. It casts light upon one of the factors proving most difficult to analyze, despite its importance for the description of Aragonese corn pare d to other neighbouring Romance varieties. The author reviews the various pre-Rom an linguistic substrata in North Aragon and the traces they left in the pronunciation, morphology and, more specifically, on lexis and toponymy.

This paper shows, based on historical data, how in the Middle Ages, in spite of the Castilian influence which can be seen in documents, Aragonese speakers had an awareness of the difference between their language and Spanish.

The author analyzes the role of Ribagorzan varieties on the creation of normative Aragonese. It can be observed that most of the traits of such varieties fail to appear in the accepted rules; this seems to stem not only from linguistic criteria, but rather from attitudes of méfiance catalane. Over the past years, a number of voices have called for greater attention to Ribagorzan varieties within normative Aragonese.

This paper shows that the contact with Aragonese has shaped the structure of Valencian vocabulary. Many words traditionally accounted for as Valencian mozarabisms should rather be viewed as aragonesisms or castilianisms; some of them arrived in remote times, as the new Valencian Kingdom was being populated. The penetration of these words must have been strengthened when the linguistic reference model weakened as from the 16th century. The texts show, from early times, the coexistence of two synonyms (Aragonese/Catalan word) which, after a covariation period, ended up with the prevalence of the word closest to Aragonese (or to Spanish, in later periods). The old word was either given up or limited to specific senses and/or usage. Part of the vocabulary shared between Valencian and Aragonese areas appears all along the arc spanning from Navarre to Eastern Andalusia.

The paper deals first with those bibliographic sources concerning the relationship between Catalan and Aragonese lexis, analyzling the use of the two vulgar tongues in contact made by sources from the Aragonese area. Then, there is a study of a number of code-switching phenomena in various marriage documents from the 16th century found in the records of the Municipal Archives of Massalió (Terol), which show instances of such code-switching.

This paper attempts to answer the question what is Aragonese? It offers a detailed description of the phonetic (accentuation, vowel and consonant systems), morphological and syntactic, and lexical characteristics of Aragonese, based on a great wealth of both diachronic data and materials recently gathered from living speech. The paper makes a description of the common traits defining the different linguistic varieties of Aragonese.

This paper deals with various questions concerning the two types of border involved in the so-called xurra area: the linguistic border between Catalan (Valencian) and Castilian Spanish (Castilian-Aragonese), and the administrative border between Aragon and País Valencià. Based on data from linguistic atlases (ALEANR, ALPI) and linguistic monographs, the author also examines the distinguishing features of such varieties (basically catalanisms and aragonesisms), and different possibilities for interpretation. Finally, an attempt at a typology of border xurro varieties and speakers is offered: varieties (and speakers) from linguistic borders (1), from administrative borders (2), from linguistic and administrative borders (3), and the exceptional case of the Racó d’Ademús (4), with its own isolated areas.

This paper focuses excusively on Valencian gemecar ‘gemegar’, “to whine”. It asserts that it is a generalized form in Valencian areas, where it can be found as early as the 15th century. On the one hand, it refutes the hypothesis that the word should be a back-formation from gemec, and on the other, that it should be linked to Mozarabic. The author shows the continuity with Aragonese gemecar, and underlines that Aragonese keeps intervocalic voiceless consonants, that gemecar can be found in Aragonese documents since the 14th century, and that it has expanded into neighbouring varieties, related to Aragonese (Murcian and Eastern Andalusian). Finally, the paper justifies the acceptance of the variety gemecar, alongside gemegar, in standardized Catalan.

On the basis of a discussion of the structural expansion of the Aragonese Crown’s feudal system over Sharq al-Andalus during the 12th and 13th centuries, which was similar to that occurred in other European countries at the time, this paper offers an assessment of the contribution of Aragonese immigrants to the repopulation of the País Valencià during the 13th century. After explaining the different quantitative weight of Aragonese colonists in the various Valencian areas, with very little presence in the north of Castelló, a review is made of Aragonese society in the 12th century, focusing on those traits having an influence on the linguistic levelling process with their contemporary Catalan colonists in Valencian areas. Emphasis is made on the linguistic duality between Aragonese and Spanish in the Aragonese kingdom in the 12th and 13th centuries and on the different demographics, with greater population density north of the river Ebro. This leads us to describe Aragonese society as a dual one, having a different numerical contribution to language contact in the creation of Valencian society of the low Middle Ages.

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Resum: Durant l’edat mitjana, a Espanya —de la mateixa manera que a altres regions d’Europa— existí per als principiants en l’estudi de la llengua llatina una ensenyança en romanç que incorporà glosses i explicacions en llengua vulgar dins els textos llatins. En són un mostra les anomenades grammaticae proverbiandi, que es caracteritzen per l’ús del proverbium o frase en llengua vulgar que ajuda a entendre millor l’estructura llatina. Aquest és el cas de les Regulae d’Esteban de Masparrautha, impreses el 1492 a Pamplona, amb exemples en navarroaragonès, i el 1498 a València, amb exemples en català. Recentment, Emma Falque (2011) ha publicat una edició de l’incunable de Pamplona, en la qual ha inclòs un apèndix que recull també els proverbia en català.En aquest treball, a través de l’anàlisi lingüística dels susdits exemples, determinarem quins trets estan marcats diatòpicament per ser característics del català occidental —o fins i tot més específics de l’àrea meridional— i quins altres no tenen cap connotació diatòpica per ser generals en els textos medievals independentment de la seva procedència, dels quals alguns encara perviuen en certs subdialectes i d’altres han desaparegut.Paraules clau: llengua catalana, història de la llengua, dialectologia, valencià, aragonès.

El contacte amb els aragonesos ha estat un condicionant del lèxic del català del País Valencià. Pretenem mostrar ací amb exemples concrets l’antiguitat d’aquesta influència. Partim del despullament d’un corpus textual format per documentació del s. XIII en llatí, en català, en aragonès i en espanyol. Estudiem una selecció de tres menes de mots extrets d’aqueix corpus: a) mots que, tot i pertànyer l’espanyol general o més tost a les varietats orientals, pogueren arribar al català amb els aragonesos establits al Regne de València des del s. XIII, o amb el contacte que, des de llavors, mantingué Aragó (sobretot, la regió meridional) amb el nou regne; b) mots que es podrien explicar com a aragonesismes pròpiament dits del català del País Valencià i, sovint, també de la resta del català occidental (a voltes amb continuïtat per l’occità) i c) mots que comparteix el català del País Valencià i, en general, el català occidental amb l’aragonès.

A través del empleo de determinadas grafías como d, dd, td, z, zs, tz y ts por parte de escribanos del Alto Aragón, podemos deducir la existencia de dos fonemas cacuminales distintos procedentes de -llen el aragonés de áreas geográficas también diferentes del tercio norte la provincia de Huesca: el oclusivo sonoro // y el africado sordo /s/ (< /z/). Estos, con el paso del tiempo, acabaron por fonologizarse respectivamente bien en el dental oclusivo sordo /t/, bien en el palatal africado sordo //. Con respecto a la época concreta en que se produjo la transformación, no se puede precisar ahora con exactitud, pues es necesario recopilar más testimonios. Es posible, no obstante, que a fines del siglo XVIII ya hubiesen desaparecido los viejos fonemas de las localidades más conservadoras.

El autor confirma con nuevas pruebas y precisiones su tesis (2004) sobre la filiación idiomática navarra del VM, oportunidad brindada por las objeciones forzadas y sarcásticas que levanta Frago (2007). Mantiene éste su anterior postura (1987), pese a reconocer que entonces desconocía algunos importantes datos. Su pretendida refutación incurre en contradicciones y errores. Asimismo queda ahora al descubierto una falsa afirmación: la de no haber podido manejar, en su estudio inicial, el manuscrito (= facsímil) de la obra examinada

Copyright of Scripta is the property of Scripta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)