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To improve the quality and success of compensatory mitigation under Clean Water Act Section 404, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency jointly promulgated regulations in 2008. These regulations promote the use of function assessments to determine appropriate compensatory mitigation to replace functions and services lost due to permitted impacts to aquatic resources and require a watershed approach to mitigation. The Oregon Removal‐Fill law, administered by the Department of State Lands, has similar requirements. Despite higher level policy, there is a paucity of scientific focus at the practical level needed to improve the tools and practices required for regulatory program implementation to achieve better mitigation outcomes, contributing to an implementation gap. By describing key challenges and specific solutions, we share lessons from a 15‐year interagency effort to develop and implement an integrated, function, and watershed‐based stream compensatory mitigation program in Oregon. We highlight the importance of an intentional process of engagement and change management and identify outstanding science and policy needs to improve stream compensatory mitigation programs and field‐scale outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Size and species selectivity are crucial for developing sustainable fisheries. Our objective was to estimate the selectivity of whitefish fisheries in a large European lake through a collaboration of fishers, regional managers, and scientists. Fishers were given special permits to test, within a common framework and together with scientists, selectivity enhancement strategies adapted to their own experiences. Fishers and scientists jointly tested gillnets and pontoon traps and how fishing depth, soak time, fishing season, and mesh size were affected by bycatches of undersized fish of sensitive species. Results indicated that the selectivity of the fishery could be increased, particularly by targeting whitefish adjacent to spawning sites where spatiotemporal overlap with bycatch species was lower. Proposed changes to the fishery, such as new gear, would be costly initially but could become profitable over time due to a lower cost of handling bycatch. Our findings demonstrated that co‐constructed knowledge can contribute to the governance of aquatic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant damage has occurred to Ukraine’s water management infrastructure since the start of military operations in February 2022. This has led to the loss of key ecosystem services provided by reservoirs, including water supply, irrigation, and fishing. The total water resource loss is estimated to be about 18–20 km3, which is roughly a third of the country’s accumulated reserves. The economic and ecological efficiency of growing various crops on irrigated lands has been evaluated. The impact on industrial and recreational fishing, along with the loss of aquatic biological resources due to the drainage of littoral areas and spawning grounds, has also been assessed. Alternative water supply solutions for the regions affected by the conflict have been proposed and substantiated. Finally, strategies for the post-war development of Ukraine’s water sector, aimed at achieving both ecological and economic benefits, have been considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiproxy data collected from the largest inland wetland in Belize, Central America, demonstrate the presence of large-scale pre-Columbian fish-trapping facilities built by Late Archaic hunter-gatherer-fishers, which continued to be used by their Maya descendants during Formative times (approximately 2000 BCE to 200 CE). This is the earliest large-scale Archaic fish-trapping facility recorded in ancient Mesoamerica. We suggest that such landscape-scale intensification may have been a response to long-term climate disturbance recorded between 2200 and 1900 BCE. Agricultural intensification after 2000 BCE has been credited for supporting the rise of pre-Columbian civilizations in Formative Mesoamerica, but we suggest that some groups relied more heavily on the mass harvesting of aquatic resources. We argue that such early intensification of aquatic food production offered a high value subsistence strategy that was instrumental in the emergence of Formative period sedentarism and the development of complexity among pre-Columbian civilizations like the Maya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Phytoplankton is an essential resource in aquatic ecosystems, situated at the base of aquatic food webs. Plastic pollution can impact these organisms, potentially affecting the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The interaction between plastics and phytoplankton is multifaceted: while microplastics can exert toxic effects on phytoplankton, plastics can also act as a substrate for colonisation. By reviewing the existing literature, this study aims to address pivotal questions concerning the intricate interplay among plastics and phytoplankton/phytobenthos and analyse impacts on fundamental ecosystem processes (e.g. primary production, nutrient cycling). This investigation spans both marine and freshwater ecosystems, examining diverse organisational levels from subcellular processes to entire ecosystems. The diverse chemical composition of plastics, along with their variable properties and role in forming the “plastisphere”, underscores the complexity of their influences on aquatic environments. Morphological changes, alterations in metabolic processes, defence and stress responses, including homoaggregation and extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis, represent adaptive strategies employed by phytoplankton to cope with plastic‐induced stress. Plastics also serve as potential habitats for harmful algae and invasive species, thereby influencing biodiversity and environmental conditions. Processes affected by phytoplankton–plastic interaction can have cascading effects throughout the aquatic food web via altered bottom‐up and top‐down processes. This review emphasises that our understanding of how these multiple interactions compare in impact on natural processes is far from complete, and uncertainty persists regarding whether they drive significant alterations in ecological variables. A lack of comprehensive investigation poses a risk of overlooking fundamental aspects in addressing the environmental challenges associated with widespread plastic pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acanthamoeba is an opportunistic, free-living amoeba ubiquitous in the environment. Despite reports of its wide distribution in the Philippines’ freshwater resources, more information on the long-term viability of the Acanthamoeba species is needed. This study aimed to define the long-term viability of Acanthamoeba species in unpreserved environmental freshwater samples after 3 years of storage at room temperature. Stored water samples from 15 study sites were filtered through a 1.2-μm pore size glass microfiber filter, cultured in non-nutrient agar (NNA) lawned with Escherichia coli, and observed for amoebic growth for 14 days using light microscopy. Isolates from positive NNA culture were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using JDP1 and JDP2 Acanthamoeba-specific primers. The study site positivity was 33% (5/15). Acanthamoeba genotype T4 and Acanthamoeba lenticulata were isolated from Luzon; Acanthamoeba divionensis was isolated from Visayas; and Acanthamoeba sp. and genotype T20 were isolated from Mindanao. The long-term viability of Acanthamoeba species is an added risk factor for the sustained contamination of aquatic resources and other sample matrices. This heightens the risk of transmission to humans and animals. This study demonstrated that water samples fated for Acanthamoeba studies can be stored unpreserved at room temperature for several years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), which include inorganic substances, exhibit potential adverse effects on aquatic life even though they commonly occur at very low concentrations in aquatic resources. The lack of data available about the risk of CECs to the environment is a hindrance to environmental protection.To this end, we examined the extent to which the uMhlathuze and uThukela rivers are exposed to selected CECs. Pharmaceuticals and lifestyle drugs (58 compounds), pesticides (27 compounds), microplastics (fibres and films), and inorganic metals (Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Ti and Zn) were detected in both river systems. Additionally, a bioaccumulation of metals was detected in Chiromantes eulimene. In both river systems, the highest frequency of CECs and concentration of microplastics and metals were detected downstream of the wastewater treatment plant's (WWTP's) effluent discharge points. The WWTPs' effluent was a notable source of CECs and metals in the water resources. However, industrial and agricultural activities in the respective catchments were potential diffusers of the contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are added as antibacterial and anti‐odor agents to a wide range of textiles, with high potential for release into aquatic environments via domestic wastewater. Previous work demonstrating the negative impacts of AgNP exposure on periphyton production suggests benthic primary production could be reduced in aquatic ecosystems impacted by AgNP discharge. To evaluate the potential for AgNPs to alter benthic–pelagic coupling in aquatic ecosystems, tissue‐stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen from northern pike (Esox lucius) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were measured before, during, and after the addition of AgNPs to a whole‐lake ecosystem, and compared to those collected from a nearby reference lake. A shift in carbon isotope ratios toward more negative values was observed in both P. flavescens and E. lucius collected from the lake where AgNPs were added, with no shift in similar magnitude observed in E. lucius from the reference lake. Consequently, Bayesian estimates of benthic energy consumed decreased by 32% for P. flavescens and by 40% for E. lucius collected after AgNP additions relative to pre‐addition estimates, greater in magnitude or opposite in direction of trends observed in our reference lake. Analyses suggest no changes in fish nitrogen isotope ratios related to AgNP additions. We hypothesize that the observed reduction in littoral energy use of fish reported here is a response to AgNP settling in littoral benthic habitats—the main habitat in lakes supporting periphyton—as AgNP has been shown elsewhere to significantly reduce the rates of periphyton production. Further, our study highlights the need to broaden the scope of risk assessments for AgNPs and other emerging contaminants prone to settling to consider habitat‐specific impacts on resource utilization by organisms after their release into aquatic ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents new data derived from pollen, starch and radiocarbon samples that were collected from six Aboriginal earth (oven) mounds and middens on the Calperum and Pike floodplains, Murray-Darling Basin (MDB), South Australia (SA). Analyses of these samples were undertaken in order to enhance our understanding about the Holocene lifeways of Aboriginal people living in this region. The results from these analyses, combined with published data about the mounds' contents, relevant ethno-historical information and climate data, allow us to infer that Aboriginal people adopted, in this region, an innovative food production system about 3800 years ago. Further, we argue that the timing of the change suggests this was in response to adverse El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related weather patterns and consequently fluctuations in both terrestrial and aquatic food resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nepal has 15 distinct agroecosystems spread across three major agroecozones: Tarai, Mid Hill, and High Hill. These regions support a rich variety of agrobiodiversity. This paper examines the significance of native agrobiodiversity within each of these agroecosystems for diversified food, nutrition, health, business and environment. The information presented is derived from various literature sources, discussions with key experts, and the authors' own experiences. Each of these agroecosystems has cultivated and preserved numerous unique species, landraces, and genotypes of agrobiodiversity, including crops, forages, livestock, agro-insects, agro-microorganisms, and aquatic genetic resources. This agrobiodiversity is deeply connected with local cultures, traditional knowledge, and skills. The high diversity of agricultural genetic resources (AGRs) within Nepal's relatively small area is a crucial factor for ensuring food security, nutrition, health, business opportunities, and environmental sustainability. Many niche products, prized for their purity, quality, taste, health benefits, and nutritional value, are sold at premium prices. However, the focus on production-centric agricultural programs over the years has led to the replacement of many niche-specific varieties by more uniform and limited ones. Introducing new genotypes into a particular agroecosystem may undermine the principles of ecological agriculture. Therefore, it is essential to enhance the competitiveness of native AGRs and associated indigenous technologies within each agroecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study quantitatively assesses the hydrological alterations induced by the Luv Kush Barrage on the Ganga River, India, using the Range of Variability Approach (RVA) to analyze changes in flow conditions before and after the barrage construction. The Ganga River, a crucial water source for millions, has experienced significant hydrological changes due to human interventions, notably the construction of the Luv Kush Barrage. Employing indicators of hydrological alteration (IHAs), we compared pre-impact (1972–1994) and post-impact (2001–2014) flow data to ascertain the barrage's effects on the river's flow regime. Our findings reveal significant alterations in the magnitude of monthly streamflow, especially during the monsoon season, with notable decreases in July, August, and September. Alterations were observed in the annual extreme flow conditions, frequency, and duration of high and low pulses, indicating a comprehensive impact on the river's natural flow patterns. These alterations affect the river's ecological health, affecting aquatic habitats, fishery resources, and community livelihoods dependent on the river. The study underscores the necessity for integrated water resource management practices that consider the ecological and socio-economic implications of hydrological alterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental impact of trace metal contamination is a concern for Lake Small Abaya, Ethiopia, because of nearby agricultural and industrial activities. This study assessed the levels of trace metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Cr) in water, sediment, and fish samples, as well as the physicochemical parameters of the water. Samples were collected from five sites and analyzed via graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The mean concentrations in the water were Zn: 0.6971 mg/l, Fe: 0.5628 mg/l, Cu: 0.1168 mg/l, Mn: 0.2129 mg/l, Pb: 0.0057 mg/l, Cr: 0.0021 mg/l, and Cd: 0.0014 mg/l. In the sediments, the mean concentrations were as follows: Fe, 33.066 mg/kg; Zn, 18.263 mg/kg; Mn, 22.777 mg/kg; Cu, 7.5663 mg/kg; Pb, 0.0751 mg/kg; Cr, 0.0233 mg/kg; and Cd, 0.0183 mg/kg. The fish samples presented mean concentrations of Fe: 21.855 mg/kg, Zn: 12.686 mg/kg, Cu: 0.3185 mg/kg, Mn: 0.9181 mg/kg, Pb: 0.0089 mg/kg, Cd: 0.0075 mg/kg, and Cr: 0.0015 mg/kg. All the metal concentrations were generally below the World Health Organization (WHO) regulatory limits. The physicochemical parameters indicated slightly alkaline to neutral conditions, with electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids within acceptable ranges. These findings suggest that current agricultural and industrial activities do not significantly contribute to trace metal pollution. However, continued monitoring and pollution control measures are recommended to ensure the long-term health and sustainability of the lake. This study highlights the importance of effective environmental management strategies to safeguard this crucial aquatic resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In India, there are 626 non‐native invasive fish species (NIFS), with 16 becoming invasive in inland waters, adversely impacting native biodiversity, and fisheries by altering the abundance of NIFS in commercial catches. Scientific findings highlight that the movement of NIFS interacts with agricultural activities and the evolving environment, facilitating their spread and establishment. The scenario of NIFS invasion disrupts biological communities, ecosystem services and fisherfolk livelihoods. Despite the implementation of existed guidelines, issues related to NIFS have persisted and escalated over time scale putting increased pressure on indigenous aquatic biological resources in inland waters. This paper suggests the need of framing a new management plans, guidelines and regulatory policies to control NIFS invasions, protecting riverine fish biodiversity and ecosystem services. Proposed management strategies include functional response (FR) and adaptive response (AR)‐based approaches, which are discussed to address NIFS management in inland waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study focused on freshwater fungal diversity, an important aspect in assessing the ecology of aquatic ecosystems. We carefully explored the diversity and influencing factors of culturable fungi across Dianchi Lake, Fuxian Lake, Xingyun Lake, and Yangzonghai Lake in Yunnan Province, China. Through fungi culture, morphological characterization, and ITS sequence analysis, we identified a total of 565 isolates belonging to 405 species across 133 genera. The diversity indices viz. H′, D, and J were evaluated for fungal diversity across the lakes. Interestingly, although diversity indices were highest during summer and at Yangzonghai Lake, no significant differences in fungal community diversity were observed between seasons and regions. Water variables were analyzed and indicated that changes with rapid fluctuations in temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen likely influence fungal diversity. These findings significantly contribute to our understanding of fungal communities within plateau lake ecosystems, thereby aiding in managing and conserving vital aquatic resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: To elucidate the characteristics of functional feeding groups among macroinvertebrates during various months in the upper Yellow River, and their relationship with environmental factors, 33 sampling points were strategically placed across both gorge and plain regions. Collectively, these areas hosted 65 taxonomic units (genus or species) of macroinvertebrates, among which the collector-gatherers were predominantly dominant. Notably, Gammarus sp. and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, among the collector-gatherers, emerged as the prevalent species across both the gorge and plain areas. Mantel tests indicated that dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and orthophosphate were significant environmental determinants influencing the functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrates. Evaluations based on the Hilsenhoff Biological Index and the Shannon–Wiener Index suggest that the water quality of the upper Yellow River is moderate. An analysis using functional feeding group parameters showed a progressive increase in the biomass of macroinvertebrates from upstream (gorge areas) to downstream (plain areas), accompanied by enhanced habitat stability. Cascade hydropower development was pinpointed as a crucial factor impacting habitat stability. These insights provide relevant data and a theoretical basis for the conservation of aquatic biological resources and watershed management in the upper Yellow River. Against the backdrop of hydropower development in the upper Yellow River, comprehending the spatiotemporal variation and ecological evaluation of macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups (FFGs) is paramount for the conservation and restoration of aquatic biological resources in watersheds. Detailed surveys of macroinvertebrates were conducted in the gorge and plain areas of the upper Yellow River in July 2022 and March, May, and October 2023, culminating in the identification of 65 taxonomic units (genus or species) spanning 4 phyla, 14 orders, and 35 families. Of these, 41 taxonomic units were discovered in the gorge areas and 57 in the plain areas. Among the FFGs of macroinvertebrates in the upper Yellow River, collector-gatherers were overwhelmingly dominant, followed by scrapers, collector-filterers, predators, and shredders. Concerning river section types, dominant species in the gorge areas included Gammarus sp., Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, and Polypedilum sp. among collector-gatherers, while in the plain areas, dominant species included Ecdyonurus sp. among scrapers, Hydropsyche sp. among collector-filterers, and Gammarus sp., Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, and Chironomus sp. among collector-gatherers. A Mantel test revealed that dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and orthophosphate were the primary environmental factors affecting the FFGs of macroinvertebrates in the upper Yellow River, with variations observed in their effects across different months. The evaluation results of the Hilsenhoff Biological Index and Shannon–Wiener Index indicate that the water quality of the upper Yellow River is at a moderate level. An assessment of the upper Yellow River ecosystem using FFG parameters demonstrated that macroinvertebrate biomass progressively increased from upstream (gorge areas) to downstream (plain areas) spatially, accompanied by increasing habitat stability, with cascade hydropower development identified as a key factor impacting habitat stability. These findings provide pertinent data and a theoretical foundation for the protection of aquatic biological resources and watershed management in the upper Yellow River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The quality of surimi‐based products can be improved by combining the flesh of different aquatic organisms. The present study investigated the effects of incorporating diverse ratios of unwashed silver carp (H) and scallop (A) and using various thermal treatments on the moisture, texture, microstructure, and conformation of the blended gels and myofibrillar protein of surimi. RESULTS: A mixture ratio of A:H = 1:3 yielded the highest gel strength, which was 60.4% higher than that of scallop gel. The cooking losses of high‐pressure heating and water‐bath microwaving were significantly higher than those of other methods (P < 0.05). Moreover, the two‐step water bath and water‐bath microwaving samples exhibited a more regular spatial network structure compared to other samples. The mixed samples exhibited a microstructure with a uniform and ordered spatial network, allowing more free water to be trapped by the internal structure, resulting in more favorable gel properties. The thermal treatments comprehensively modified the tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins in unwashed mixed gel promoted protein unfurling, provided more hydrophobic interactions, enhanced protein aggregation and improved the gel performance. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study improve our understanding of the interactions between proteins from different sources. We propose a new method for modifying surimi's gel properties, facilitating the development of mixed surimi products, as well as enhancing the efficient utilization of aquatic resources. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence acquired in the past years highlighted the high complexity of Neanderthal subsistence strategies in terms of the spectrum of exploited species (mammals, birds, aquatic resources). However, in many sites diet was mainly focused on the acquisition and processing of large and medium-sized ungulates. In these cases, the evaluation of killing profiles and skeletal frequencies has allowed to highlight behavioural variability among Mousterian populations living in different geographical areas. In the frame of these studies, zooarchaeology and taphonomy of the Middle Palaeolithic phases (MIS 4/MIS 3) from the external deposit of Grotta di Santa Croce (Apulia, southern Italy) are presented in this paper. Faunal assemblage is almost exclusively composed of horse and aurochs remains. The sample, which is not altered by carnivore activities, mainly consists of intensively fractured limb bone shafts and isolated teeth. Epiphyses, tarsal/carpal bones, and phalanges are quite rare, as well as unidentified spongy bone fragments. Analysis of tooth eruption and wear points to the exploitation of adult individuals, rather than juveniles and sub-adults. Body part profiles, as well as mortality ones point to a specific hunting behaviour that may reflect particular nutritional needs. The hypothesis of an intense exploitation of fats is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The blue-winged parrot Forpus xanthopterygius is widely distributed in South America, where it lives in groups in different types of environments and feeds on fruits, seeds, flowers and nectar. In 2023 we observed a group of these birds moving from a forested area to an area of aquatic vegetation on the bank of a water reservoir in Southeast Brazil. The birds landed among the leaves of a cluster of Polygonum ferrugineum, approximately 45 cm above the water surface, and consumed flower buds and flowers — a plant species not yet reported for their diet. This behavior occurred during the driest period of the year (April), and may represent an alternative diet due to the scarcity of the preferred resources of this bird species during this period. The species is known to use habitats associated with water and to feed at low heights or even on the ground. However, this behavior of searching for resources on aquatic vegetation at the water surface in the middle of an urban reservoir has not been described and shows the adaptability of these birds to human environments and their high capacity to find food in the most varied types of habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public aquatic and recreation centres are a cornerstone of leisure infrastructure within Australia. However, the extent to which these facilities set community well-being as a specific strategic goal or measurable outcome is unknown. This paper adopts a qualitative exploratory approach with the aim of understanding key issues and challenges within these centres relating to obtaining well-being outcomes. Findings highlight a unique and challenging industry due to competing pressures and the often difficult relationships between these facilities and local government. Critical factors impacting the focus on wellbeing include employee engagement, technology, the built environment, and diversity and inclusion. Further, wellbeing benefits vary for different user groups and commercial/financial pressures can impact wellbeing outcomes. In conclusion, this paper provides an important contribution to the leisure literature but also establishes a research agenda for further investigation that will both contribute to scholarly understanding and provide industry with new insights for evidence-based decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to explore the hepatoprotective effects of enzymatic degradation products derived from sturgeon roe on alcohol-damaged hepatocytes and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Utilizing sturgeon roe as the research material, the enzymatic process was optimized by focusing on key parameters such as enzymatic efficiency and in vitro activity. The protective effects on hepatocytes were systematically investigated by using the HepG2 cell model. Advanced computerized virtual screening technology was employed to identify potential bioactive peptides within the sturgeon roe. The findings indicated that the optimum enzymatic product of sturgeon roe was obtained under the conditions of 1:1 compounding of alkaline protease (1343 U/g) and trypsin (27 U/g) for 8 h, yielded a protein recovery of 49.30%±0.57%, a hydrolysis degree of 46.05%±0.92%, and ABTS+ free radical scavenging rate of 51.45%±0.66%. Notably, at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, this product significantly enhanced the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) by 168.64%±1.42% (P<0.05). The product prepared under this enzymatic condition at 0.3~2 mg/mL significantly elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione (GSH) contents, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in alcohol-injured HepG2 cells compared to the model group (P<0.05). In addition, the product at 0.3~2 mg/mL also significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities (P<0.05). Virtual screening identified 5 peptides, including LPG and FLPR, in the sturgeon roe enzymatic degradation product, showed promising hepatoprotective properties against alcohol-induced hepatocyte injury. Consequently, this study lays a solid foundation for the further development and utilization of aquatic resources, such as sturgeon roe, in hepatoprotective applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Streamflow generation and biochemical hotspots are significantly influenced by groundwater contributions distributed along the drainage network. However, identifying the geomorphic landscape features that drive groundwater‐surface water interactions remains challenging. In this study, we investigate the role of knickpoints in controlling these interactions in a mountainous stream in Switzerland. We employ a combination of synoptic sampling of environmental tracers, endmember mixing calculations, and groundwater flow simulations. Our findings reveal substantial groundwater seepage concentrated near the knickpoint of the main river stem. Using parsimonious groundwater flow modeling, we validate the hypothesis that the topographical shape of the knickpoint enhances local groundwater discharge rates. We quantify that approximately 20% of the total catchment streamflow originates from around the knickpoint. These results indicate that knickpoints are significant hotspots for groundwater seepage and physicochemical mixing, providing a clear method for identifying major localized sources of streamflow generation. Plain Language Summary: In ice‐free catchments, groundwater is the main water source maintaining streamflow during extended dry periods. In addition to its importance for water resources, locations where groundwater contributes to surface stream water are important hotspots where interactions between biological and chemical processes occur, that have major implications for aquatic ecosystems. However, those hotspots remain difficult to identify. Specifically, our understanding on the relationships between landscape and groundwater discharge in streams remains limited. In our study of a Swiss Alpine catchment, we sampled a stream for water chemical analysis and used statistical and numerical models to find where groundwater emerges into the stream. We discovered that most groundwater enters the stream around a "knickpoint", a location where the stream profile becomes steeper. According to our calculations, this knickpoint, although of minimal extent, contributed one fifth of the total streamflow in the catchment. Although our results are site‐specific, knickpoints are ubiquitous in mountain areas, thus they might be important when predicting water availability and biogeochemical fluxes at regional scale. Key Points: We highlight the sporadic nature of groundwater seepage hotspots along a river profileKnickpoints influence groundwater flow patterns, creating preferential mixing zones between groundwater and surface watersBiogeochemical hotspots are influenced by knickpoints in mountainous hydrographic network [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface water and sediment rare earth elements (REEs) concentrations can reflect the impact of human activities on aquatic ecosystems. Variations in formation time may result in changes in the geochemical characteristics of REEs in the water‒sediment system of coal mining subsidence lakes. However, our understanding of this phenomenon is limited. The spatial distribution, coexistence patterns, and fractionation characteristics of REEs were investigated in coal mining subsidence lakes with different subsidence times in the Huainan coalfield in eastern China. The results indicate that REEs concentrations in lake water are relatively low. Both compartments are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs), and the degree of enrichment increases with time, which can be attributed to the combined influences of natural processes and human activities. Under alkaline water conditions in the study area, LREEs are preferentially removed from the aqueous phase, leading to their enrichment in sediments. The anomalous behavior of Ce is associated with the oxidative environment under alkaline conditions, whereas the Eu anomaly is influenced primarily by the dissolution of feldspar minerals. Agricultural activities result in significant inputs of light rare earth elements (La) to farmlands each year through the application of rare earth fertilizers. These elements are ultimately released into coal mining subsidence lakes, resulting in noticeable anomalies of La in the majority of lakes within the study area. These findings indicate that the lakes in the subsidence area are strongly affected by agricultural activities. The difference between lakes with different numbers of sinking years is reflected mainly in the degree of enrichment of LREEs, and the older the lake is, the greater the degree of enrichment of LREEs. These research results provide a scientific basis for the treatment and protection of the water environment in coal mining subsidence lakes influenced by anthropogenic activities. Through this series of studies, we will improve our understanding of the behavior of REEs in the aquatic environment under the influence of human activities and to provide support for sustainable mineral resource development and environmental protection policy formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-cost and green preparation of efficient sorbents is critical to the removal of organic contaminants during water treatment. In this study, the co-pyrolysis of macroalgae and oyster shell was designed to synthesize nitrogen-doped porous biochars for sorption removal of atrazine from water. Oyster shell played a significant role in opening pores in macroalgae-derived biochars, resulting in the surface area of the macroalgae (Enteromorpha prolifera and Ulva lactuca) and oyster shell co-pyrolyzed carbonaceous as high as 1501.80 m2 g−1 and 1067.18 m2 g−1, the pore volume reached 1.04 cm3 g−1 and 0.93 cm3 g−1, and O/C decreased to 0.09 and 0.08, respectively. The sorption capacity of atrazine to nitrogen-doped porous biochars (the Enteromorpha prolifera, Ulva lactuca and oyster shell co-pyrolyzed carbonaceous) reached 312.06 mg g−1 and 340.52 mg g−1. Pore-filling, hydrogen bonding, π-π or p-π stacking and electrostatic interaction dominated the multilayer sorption process. Moreover, the nitrogen-doped porous biochars showed great performance in cyclic reusability, and the Enteromorpha prolifera, Ulva lactuca and oyster shell co-pyrolyzed carbonaceous sorption capacity still reached 246.13 mg g−1 and 255.97 mg g−1, respectively. Thus, this study suggested that it is feasible and efficient to remove organic contaminants with the nitrogen-doped porous biochars co-pyrolyzed from macroalgae and oyster shell, providing a potential green resource utilization of aquatic wastes for environmental remediation. Highlights: Nitrogen-doped porous biochars (NPBs) were derived from natural wastes. Oyster shell enhanced the micropore and mesopore structures of NPBs. Physical sorption dominated atrazine sorption onto the NPBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Range maps are used to estimate the geographic extent of taxa, providing valuable information for biodiversity and conservation research and management. Freshwater macroinvertebrates are not well-represented in the range map literature relative to freshwater vertebrates. To address this knowledge gap, we provide range maps for 1158 freshwater macroinvertebrate genera based on two decades of publicly available occurrence data from the USEPA National Aquatic Resource Surveys, which included 11,628 sites and 6,906,990 organisms across the contiguous USA. Maps were created by applying unweighted and weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering and single-linkage clustering algorithms to the occurrence data and creating three layers of polygons from the minimum convex hulls of clusters. A total of 25 freshwater macroinvertebrate classes are represented in the range map dataset. Most mapped genera were insects (394/1158), followed by malacostracans (242/1158), polychaetes (182/1158), and bivalves (121/1158). Additionally, we provide waterbody type percent occupancy data for all genera, detailing how genera are partitioned between boatable streams, wadeable streams, inland lakes, Laurentian Great Lakes, and coastal estuaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freshwater habitats in Arctic landscapes provide essential food resources to predaceous terrestrial fauna. However, climate change threatens the continuation of aquatic resources as increased temperatures prompt widespread drying. We investigated how declines in surface waters in the Arctic may have implications for the diets of the wolf spider Pardosa glacialis (Araneae: Lycosidae), an abundant top predator in western Greenland known to consume both aquatic and terrestrial prey. We estimated the abundance of ground-dwelling prey taxa near and far from shallow ponds to compare resource availability for P. glacialis. We also measured the stable isotopes ratios of carbon and nitrogen of potential prey taxa and used linear mixing models to estimate the relative proportions of aquatic and terrestrial prey in the diets of P. glacialis collected near ponds versus drier, upland locations. Overall, near ponds there was a 3.7 times greater abundance of ground-dwelling organisms compared to locations far from ponds. Near ponds, depleted δ13C values of P. glacialis compared to the upland locations were explained by the consumption of aquatic insects, which were relatively depleted in 13C compared to terrestrial ground-dwelling and canopy taxa. Our linear mixing model indicated that the mean relative contribution of aquatic taxa to the diets of P. glacialis at pond locations was ~ 23% versus ~ 0% at upland locations, though these results were accompanied by significant uncertainty. Our results emphasize the importance of Arctic ponds in providing habitat to potential prey of terrestrial predators. We highlight how climate change, and the continued disappearance of aquatic habitats, could disrupt critical linkages between aquatic insects and terrestrial predators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mekong River holds global significance as a vital source of diverse aquatic resources, essential for sustaining livelihoods in the Mekong basin. This study focused on the fish species diversity at 16 sampling sites in the northeastern part of the Mekong River in Thailand, with data collected monthly from October 2013 to September 2014. A total of 164 fish species, belonging to 11 orders, 32 families, and 97 genera, were identified. The dominant family, Cyprinidae, included 74 species (45.1%). Notably, 153 species were found across all surveyed areas, while 6.7% (11 species) were exclusive to specific locations. Four species--Parambassis wolffii (Bleeker, 1850), Urogymnus polylepis (Bleeker, 1852), Scaphognathops stejnegeri (Smith, 1931), and Pangasius sanitwongsei (Smith, 1931)--displayed limited distribution, observed in less than 30% of the surveyed area. This limited distribution is likely due to various alterations to the Mekong River, highlighting the urgent need for conservation efforts to address the potential extinction risk facing these species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While most species of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) have entirely terrestrial life histories, ∼0.5% of the described species are known to have an aquatic larval stage. Larvae of aquatic Lepidoptera are similar to caddisflies (Trichoptera) in that they use silk to anchor themselves to underwater substrates or to build protective cases. However, the physical properties and genetic elements of silks in aquatic Lepidoptera remain unstudied, as most research on lepidopteran silk has focused on the commercially important silkworm, Bombyx mori. Here, we provide high-quality PacBio HiFi genome assemblies of 2 distantly-related aquatic Lepidoptera species [ Elophila obliteralis (Pyraloidea: Crambidae) and Hyposmocoma kahamanoa (Gelechioidea: Cosmopterigidae)]. As a step toward understanding the evolution of underwater silk in aquatic Lepidoptera, we used the genome assemblies and compared them to published genetic data of aquatic and terrestrial Lepidoptera. Sequences of the primary silk protein, h-fibroin, in aquatic moths have conserved termini and share a basic motif structure with terrestrial Lepidoptera. However, these sequences were similar to aquatic Trichoptera in that the percentage of positively and negatively charged amino acids was much higher than in terrestrial Lepidoptera, indicating a possible adaptation of silks to aquatic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaculture is the world's fastest growing food sector and accounts for more than 50% of the world's fish food supply. The significant growth in global aquaculture since the middle of the 20th century has been dubbed by the Blue Revolution. However, it is not the first Blue Revolution to take place in human history. While historically classified as low-ranking, seasonal, or starvation resources in the archaeological discourse, marine foods were vital resources that ancient communities developed and exploited using a vast array of strategies. Among these aquatic strategies was aquaculture. This first Blue Revolution was initiated during the Early Holocene, some 8,000 years ago in China, with archaeologists now documenting aquaculture across the globe. This review considers the commonalities between ancient aquacultural systems including evidence of ecosystem engineering and the development of domesticated landscapes as production systems. People of the past constructed agroecosystems to not only enhance and diversify aquatic resources, but to control the reliability of key subsistence foods and to meet the demands of ritual practice and conspicuous social stratification. These aquaculture systems were maintained for centuries, if not millennia. Worldwide research conducted on ancient aquaculture can provide critical insights into developing more ecologically sustainable, resilient, and diverse marine production systems for coastal communities today, thus, achieving industry sustainability and limiting negative environmental impacts to the world's shorelines and overexploited fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sympatric species within a community often compete for limited resources, such as food items and habitat. The reliance by semi-aquatic snakes on resources in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats might influence either the frequency or intensity of interspecific interactions and also cause sympatric species to be disproportionately vulnerable to habitat alterations. To reduce competition, species might partition specific resources. Three watersnake species—Nerodia erythrogaster, N. harteri, and N. rhombifer—occur in the upper-middle reaches of the Brazos River, in central Texas. We examined the nature of coexistence among these watersnakes by (1) identifying habitat features that predicted site-level occupancy, (2) assessing microhabitat selection in relation to features such as riffle presence and canopy closure, and (3) quantifying environmental variables that influenced detection probabilities of the watersnakes. In-stream riffles were important for all three watersnake species at either the site or microhabitat level, or both. These three species of Nerodia appear to partition their habitat, however, because the snakes were distributed differently with respect to microhabitat features such as canopy closure and invasive saltcedar (Tamarix spp.). Regular assessment of the community composition is needed because N. harteri continues to experience local population declines and extirpations. Habitat management, such as the removal of saltcedar and preservation of in-stream riffles, might promote long-term stability in the populations of all three species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sediments are an integral component of aquatic systems, linking multiple water uses, functions, and services. Contamination of sediments by chemicals is a worldwide problem, with many jurisdictions trying to prevent future pollution (prospective) and manage existing contamination (retrospective). The present review assesses the implementation of sediment toxicity testing in environmental regulations globally. Currently, the incorporation of sediment toxicity testing in regulations is most common in the European Union (EU), North America, and Australasian regions, with some expansion in Asia and non‐EU Europe. Employing sediment toxicity testing in prospective assessments (i.e., before chemicals are allowed on the market) is most advanced and harmonized with pesticides. In the retrospective assessment of environmental risks (i.e., chemicals already contaminating sediments), regulatory sediment toxicity testing practices are applied inconsistently on the global scale. International harmonization of sediment toxicity tests is considered an asset and has been successful through the widespread adoption and deployment of Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development guidelines. On the other hand, retrospective sediment assessments benefit from incorporating regional species and protocols. Currently used toxicity testing species are diverse, with temperate species being applied most often, whereas test protocols are insufficiently flexible to appropriately address the range of environmental contaminants, including nanomaterials, highly hydrophobic contaminants, and ionized chemicals. The ever‐increasing and ‐changing pressures placed on aquatic resources are a challenge for protection and management efforts, calling for continuous sediment toxicity test method improvement to insure effective use in regulatory frameworks. Future developments should focus on including more subtle and specific toxicity endpoints (e.g., incorporating bioavailability‐based in vitro tests) and genomic techniques, extending sediment toxicity testing from single to multispecies approaches, and providing a better link with ecological protection goals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1697–1716. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine coastal resources are crucial to Tanzania's socio‐economic development and are a lifeline for the livelihoods and incomes of coastal communities. This study provides an overview of the coastal development of mariculture in mainland Tanzania and suggests future development strategies. The review article covers extensive reports available through field interviews, government policy documents, library literature searches and field work carried out by the authors. Despite the immense potential of mariculture to improve food security for localcommunities, its development has been uneven. Specifically only seaweed farming has advanced to commercial‐scale production. Other mariculture activities, such as finfish farming (e.g. milkfish, silver pompano), shellfish farming (e.g. prawn, mud crab and half‐pearl) and sea cucumber farming, are underdeveloped and confined to small‐scale operations. Locally consumed finfish, such as milkfish and pompano, have not attracted investors out of fear that the recovery of investment may not be achieved due to the low prices offered in the market. In this context, the sustainable use of coastal resources through mariculture becomes paramount to alleviating poverty and facilitating controlled migration from rural to urban. This comprehensive review explores the historical evolution and current status of mariculture initiatives in the coastal waters of mainland Tanzania, which presents a crucial aspect of the socio‐economic development of the nation. With declining global capture fisheries production and a growing demand for fish protein, Tanzania has strategically embraced mariculture as a viable alternative. The article traced the development of mariculture since the 1970s, highlighting past and current initiatives managed by government agencies, non‐government organizations and the private sector. Notable successes, such as seaweed culture, are highlighted along with the challenges that hinder the growth of marine farming activities. The review integrates insights from a comprehensive survey in coastal Tanzania, focusing on mariculture activities and collecting information on people who have stopped such practices, elucidating reasons for quitting. By consolidating experiences from past and present mariculture initiatives, this review provides valuable guidance for decision‐making towards promoting sustainable mariculture that supports coastal communities while preserving marine biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquatic food production holds great promise as a viable solution to tackle the pressing issue of meeting the protein requirements of the African populace. It plays a crucial role in food security and economic growth, especially in tropical Africa. With a fast-expanding population, there is a growing need for aquatic food sources to provide inexpensive protein and essential nutrients. Despite Africa's vast aquatic food source supplies and the importance of aquatic food in healthy and sustainable diets, several challenges hinder its full exploitation in the tropical African environment. This study, therefore, aims to assess the existing state of aquatic food resources in Africa, examine the nutritional advantages associated with these foods, and identify the problems that hinder their maximal utilization. The findings highlight the differences in aquatic protein consumption across various countries, emphasizing the importance of considering local factors when formulating nutritional interventions and policies. The comparison between the supply of protein from aquatic sources and land animals across African nations revealed a consistent trend of lower availability of aquatic protein. Africa, in particular, had relatively lower per capita consumption values of animal protein. The continent's average quantity of land animal food significantly surpassed the average aquatic food supply. This suggests a predominant reliance on land animal sources in African countries to meet dietary protein needs. This finding holds significant importance for policymakers, nutritionists, and stakeholders, highlighting the need for targeted strategies to improve protein accessibility in African countries. Moreover, it calls for attention to address any existing imbalances between the utilization of land and aquatic protein sources in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensive utilization of tropical inland water bodies for multiple and sometimes competing activities underlines the necessity for their integrated and holistic co-management. This paper presents our synthesis on lake and reservoir fisheries in South and Southeast Asia as social–ecological systems, based on a synopsis of our research findings from a previous EU-funded research programme in Sri Lanka, Thailand and the Philippines (FISHSTRAT project). The paper attempts to merge our results with recent developments in research, policy and practice. We explore the effects of the main external and internal control mechanisms of the trophic state and pinpoint to the high production potential of traditionally unexploited small indigenous fish species. The limitations of conventional centralized management systems highlight the importance of introducing transdisciplinary approaches which integrate limnology, fish ecology and fisheries with the interests of other resource using stakeholders and decision makers in order to develop locally appropriate co-management strategies for sustainable aquatic resource use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the roles of coastal environments in prehispanic settlement patterns and land use within the lower Río Verde Valley, Oaxaca, México using interdisciplinary methods. We first compare population levels in the coastal zone—including areas by the estuaries and sea—to inland habitats such as the floodplain. Second, we discuss resource extraction and trade associated with the coastal zone. Excavations and a 224 km2 full-coverage survey indicate that, except during the initial Early Formative period (1600–1350 BC), coastal zone habitats were not a settlement focus. Land use concentrated on the extraction of resources such as fish, salt, and ornamental shell. These goods were consumed locally and exchanged via long-distance networks for obsidian, pottery, and during the Postclassic period (AD 800–1522), copper items. Archaeofaunal and isotopic data suggest that aquatic resources from estuarine and marine environments constituted a small proportion of the total caloric input, but may have been important sources of protein. Finally, we compare settlement patterns between the lower Verde and other Mesoamerican coastal regions. Lower Verde population in the coastal zone was low, especially relative to areas which practiced mixed subsistence into the Middle/Late Formative periods (ca. 700–150 BC). This is related to the proximity of arable lands to estuaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research conducted since 2003 in and around the regional center of Tres Zapotes, Veracruz documents the importance of aquatic resources and transportation routes for subsistence and settlement over more than two millennia. Systematic archaeological survey over more than 400 km2 in the surrounding Eastern Lower Papaloapan Basin details a persistent focus of major settlements on streams and other bodies of water that would have provided an abundance of food and opportunities for water-born transport. Excavations at Tres Zapotes further indicate that exploitation of aquatic fauna was a significant component of a mixed subsistence strategy for the Olmec and Epi-Olmec inhabitants of the site, who obtained fish, turtles, and waterfowl from streams, lakes, estuaries and coastal marine environments over a range extending no less than 20 km from the center. Artifact inventories and landscape features further suggest an associated subsistence technology that included weighted nets and retention ponds in seasonally flooded areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain form (i.e., brain size and morphology) has been linked to variation in foraging behaviour among species of fishes in lakes and oceans, such as larger brains associated with fish foraging higher in the food chain. However, much less is known about these relationships across habitats, or in stream fishes. Therefore, we explore relationships between foraging behaviour and brain form in the omnivorous creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) across different streams of Southwest Ontario, Canada. We assessed foraging behaviour variables (i.e., trophic position, proportion of terrestrial energy in diet and foraging flexibility on aquatic and terrestrial resources) against brain form (i.e., relative brain size and the proportional size of the cerebellum, hypothalamus, olfactory bulbs, optic tectum, and telencephalon). Principal component analysis was used to extract covariation patterns among the size of brain regions. We found that creek chub brain size is positively associated with trophic position and proportion of terrestrial energy in diet, but not foraging flexibility. The first principal component, explaining 91% of size covariation among brain regions, was also positively associated with trophic position but not with proportion of terrestrial energy in diet suggesting that brain regions outside of those measured contribute to the association between brain size and proportion of terrestrial energy in diet. Our results suggest that a relationship between brain size and trophic position may be common among fishes, and that foraging on resources from the terrestrial energetic pathway in streams may present a novel, yet to be characterized cognitive challenge for fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salt production in Indonesia primarily concentrates on the North Coast of Java and Madura Island, necessitating substantial salt imports despite the country’s extensive coastline. However, the deteriorating ecosystem on the North Coast impedes the expansion of salt ponds. Conversely, the South Coast of Malang Regency offers a cleaner environment yet still needs to be tapped for salt production due to topographical constraints. This study assesses the South Coast’s potential for salt production and underscores the crucial role of technological innovations in this process. Potential locations are analysed using the Salt Suitability Index method, identifying viable sites meeting salt production criteria. The study recommends adopting the continuous dynamic mixing production method, facilitated by the Greenhouse Salt Tunnel construction, to enable salt production in this region. This innovative approach, with its potential to significantly enhance Indonesia’s salt output and provide additional livelihood opportunities, underscores the urgent need for action in salt production.

The article "Life in turbulent waters: unsteady biota–flow interactions across scales" explores how aquatic organisms interact with turbulent water bodies, focusing on the physical forces and conditions they experience. It discusses the impact of turbulence on organisms at different spatial and time scales, highlighting behavioral and ecophysiological responses. The research emphasizes the need for diverse taxa in laboratory studies to understand relationships between hydrodynamics and organism behavior accurately. Additionally, the article touches on the control exerted by large-scale turbulent features on the distribution of matter and organisms, showcasing the complex interplay between turbulence and aquatic ecosystems. [Extracted from the article]

Honorary Member Mary Glackin Honorary Member John Toohey-Morales Honorary Member Andrea Celeste Saulo The Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal Benjamin Santer For outstanding contributions to comprehending how climate change affects atmospheric [...]

Graphical Abstract Highlight Research • Tuban (Indonesia) aquaculture commodities are surveyed. • Aquaculture diversity in Tuban are consisted of 5 fields, namely rice field ponds, floating net cages, freshwater ponds, and brackish aquaculture ponds • Aquaculture commodities in Tuban consist of 11 families and 14 species of the main aquatic production. • Cyprinus carpio or common carp is one of the commodities cultivated in four different aquacultures. Abstract Fishery is a sector expected to overcome the food crisis. Indonesia is one of the leading countries in high volumes of fishery production in most of its areas, including the Regency of Tuban in East Java Province. The area of Tuban Regency is 1,839.94 km2 with the coastline covers 65 km and a sea area of 22,608 km2. This study aims to provide information regarding aquaculture production, diversity, and distribution in Tuban. This study used a survey method in collecting fishery commodity data directly from aquaculture areas. The results of this study showed that the highest production came from the brackish water with a value of 32.46% (13,561.79 tons), followed by rice field pond (27.79% or 11,612.45 tons), freshwater pond (25.76% or 10,764.62 tons), floating net cage (13.97% or 5,836.59 tons), and marine (0.1% or 5.67 tons). Aquaculture biodiversity in Tuban consisted of 11 families and 14 species of the main aquatic produces, such as Cyprinidae (Cyprinus carpio, Barbonymus gonionotus, Parastromateus niger), Clariidae (Clarias bathracus), Pangasiidae (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), Penaeidae (Penaeus monodon, Litopenaeus vannamei), Channidae (Channa striata), Cichlidae (Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis mosammbicus), Osphronemidae (Osphronemus gourami), Serranidae (Epinephelus), Lutjanidae (Lutjanus), and Chanidae (Chanos chanos). Cyprinus carpio or common carp is fish cultivated in four different aquacultures, namely rice field pond, floating net cages, freshwater ponds, and brackish aquaculture ponds. Unfortunately, the diversity and production of marine aquaculture has not been improved even though Tuban has large marine areas.