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Catfish was cultivating by the Sujafish Farm, Cikole District, Sukabumi City, in early 2023. Urban cultivation land is increasingly narrow, feed costs are increasingly expensive, and limited water availability hinders freshwater fish cultivation development in Sukabumi City. One solution to get around this is developing Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) technology. RAS is a cultivation technology where water can be reused after being filtered mechanically and biologically. The maintenance container uses six round ponds with a diameter of 2 m and is filled with water to e height of 0,8 m. The volume of water in each tub is 2.152 L of water. The seeds measured 8-10 cm with a density of 318 individuals/m 2 . The observation parameters were temperature, Ph, DO, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and fish growth. The RAS application has been proven to maintain water quality, temperature, Ph, DO, and ammonia. RAS systems growth and survival value are higher than circulation, so that RAS technology can be an alternative environmental friendly cultivation technology solution in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an opportunity for agriculture to utilize the many different waste streams in our world and capitalize on what would otherwise be viewed as waste products. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an emerging technology for converting wet biomass to bio-crude oil, while aquaponics is a practice tracing back to indigenous communities around the world; both technologies have the potential to sustainably provide the necessary nutrients for crop growth. Food systems worldwide are actively transitioning to address the many challenges of climate change in a sustainable and efficient manner. Urban agriculture (UA) has the potential to generate localized crops in densely populated areas year-round, but has its challenges, involving high capital requirements, especially for vertical farming and controlled-environment agriculture, and being energy intensive due to artificial lighting and fossil fuel-based synthetic fertilizers. This study investigated the potential for aquaponic and HTL effluents to be used in hydroponic systems through a seed germination screening experiment. Buttercrunch lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds were placed in Ziploc plastic bags on paper towels saturated with the wastewater treatments for 10 days while their total length of growth was routinely measured from the tip of the root to the tip of the cotyledons. The Chicago High School for Agricultural Sciences (CHSAS) aquaponic effluent with a 5.8× times higher nitrate concentration and 4.25× higher ammonia concentration outperformed the Bevier aquaponic effluent and improved any other source water it was combined with. Results also showed that seed germination was not inhibited in the presence of 2–8% solutions of hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous phase (HTL-AP), which performed on par with standard hydroponic fertilizer; solutions of a higher percentage, though, may lead to inhibitory effects in plants, and those of a lower percentage may not provide enough nutrients in the proper forms to sustain plant growth. However, the nutrient analyses revealed that there is still much to investigate regarding the combination of wastewaters to provide a complete, well-rounded, and sustainable source for hydroponic crop production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The main aim of this work is to study the effect of different nutrient supply systems and their effect on the performance of the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) plant integration system. To achieve that, five treatments having different culture systems (T1: Aquaculture (control), T2: Hydroponics (standard requirement: N = 210, P = 31, K = 234, Mg = 48, Ca = 200, S = 64, Fe = 14, Mn = 0.5, Zn = 0.05, B = 0.5, Cu = 0.02 and Mo = 0.01 ppm), T3: Aquaponics without nutrients addition, T4: Aquaponics with supplementary nutrients (KNO3, 101 g L−1, KH2PO4, 136 g L−1, Ca(NO3)2, 236 g L−1, MgSO4, 246 g L−1, K2SO4, 115 g L−1 and chelates for trace elements) in water (EC is 800 ppm) and T5: Aquaponics with supplementary nutrients spray on plants) were carried out. The previous systems were operated at three flow rates, namely, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 L h−1 plant−1. The various water quality parameters, plant growth and fish growth were studied. The result indicated that the highest values of N, P, k, Ca and Mg consumption rate were found with T2 and 1.5 L h−1 plant−1 of flow rate. The root length, fresh and dry of shoot and root for lettuce plants grown in T2 system was better than those grown in different culture system (T3, T4 and T5). Different culture systems showed significant effect on fish growth in terms of weight gain, specific growth rate and feed efficiency ratio. Higher growth rate was observed in treatment T3 as compared to other treatments. The production costs ranged from 2820.5 to 4885.4 LE ($ = 30.92 LE) for all culture systems.

Effluents generated in aquaculture could contribute to increased risk of environmental contamination. Aquaponic could facilitate the resolution of this problem by transforming those potential pollutants into nutrients for plants, providing an extra vegetable production in a circular economy framework. Highly profitable vegetables such as pitaya (Hylocereus spp.) could improve the economic viability of these farms, but little is known about its performance in aquaponic systems. Rooting and vegetative growth of 12 cuttings of white-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) and red-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus hybridum) were evaluated over a period of six months in two aquaponic systems rearing tilapia with different hydroponic subsystems (Nutrient Film Technique, NFT and Media Bed, MB). A control group of hydroponic culture using substrate filled pots was used for comparison. Water quality and environmental parameters were also measured to evaluate their influence on plant development. Hylocereus hybridum showed higher vegetative growth, and earlier shoot emission in combination with the control system, followed by the NFT and finally the MB. In relation to root growth, Hylocereus undatus showed best results in combination with the substrate system. Best results for precocity in root emission, evaluated in the NFT system, were obtained for Hylocereus hybridum. Water quality parameters had no significant effect on plant development, while fish live weight increased in both systems.

As the demand for high-quality food rises, especially amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and the continuous development of society meaning that people demand to eat well, ensuring food security has become increasingly urgent. Agricultural technology is evolving, with aquaponic systems emerging as a promising solution to urban food needs. However, these systems present challenges, such as maintaining optimal water quality and minimizing environmental control errors. In this study, we propose a comprehensive approach combining a literature review and controlled experiments. Through the literature review, the recent findings on water management and sustainability in food production were analyzed, providing crucial insights for enhancing aquaponic system performance. Building on this, a series of experiments were conducted to develop and test a water quality management system using PID control. The integration of PID control showed good performance and reduced errors in SIMULINK, and we applied three controls to manage the stability and responsiveness of the aquaponic system. The optimal values obtained from the controller of the vegetable tank system were 4,706,691,503 and −174.418; for the fish tank, they were 36,167, 0.00126, and −174.418; and for the heater system, they were 4.761, 0.0488, and −31.88. This solution is expected to be responsive and provide stable control over various variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this work is to study the effect of different nutrient supply systems and their effect on the performance of the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) plant integration system. To achieve that, five treatments having different culture systems (T1: Aquaculture (control), T2: Hydroponics (standard requirement: N = 210, P = 31, K = 234, Mg = 48, Ca = 200, S = 64, Fe = 14, Mn = 0.5, Zn = 0.05, B = 0.5, Cu = 0.02 and Mo = 0.01 ppm), T3: Aquaponics without nutrients addition, T4: Aquaponics with supplementary nutrients (KNO3, 101 g L−1, KH2PO4, 136 g L−1, Ca(NO3)2, 236 g L−1, MgSO4, 246 g L−1, K2SO4, 115 g L−1 and chelates for trace elements) in water (EC is 800 ppm) and T5: Aquaponics with supplementary nutrients spray on plants) were carried out. The previous systems were operated at three flow rates, namely, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 L h−1 plant−1. The various water quality parameters, plant growth and fish growth were studied. The result indicated that the highest values of N, P, k, Ca and Mg consumption rate were found with T2 and 1.5 L h−1 plant−1 of flow rate. The root length, fresh and dry of shoot and root for lettuce plants grown in T2 system was better than those grown in different culture system (T3, T4 and T5). Different culture systems showed significant effect on fish growth in terms of weight gain, specific growth rate and feed efficiency ratio. Higher growth rate was observed in treatment T3 as compared to other treatments. The production costs ranged from 2820.5 to 4885.4 LE ($ = 30.92 LE) for all culture systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of aquaponics through interesting learning media is expected to instill good knowledge in students about aquaponics. Technological devices, plants and animals in the aquaponic system which are used as learning media in several subjects or fields of study. One of the efforts in developing learning that attracts the interest and motivation of students is learning media. Learning media is one of the important learning components in the learning process, because learning media can increase students' interest and motivation in learning. The introduction of aquaponics as an interesting learning medium is expected to instill good knowledge in students (the younger generation), especially in the activities of developing modern agriculture or animal husbandry in urban areas. This activity was attended by 18 students and 1 accompanying teacher. Activities carried out through the method of discussion and demonstration (demonstration) of the aquaponic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water quality is an important factor in the process of fish farming. This study aims to determine the application of FBs pressure that can increase the productivity of comet goldfish Carassius auratus farming in an aquaponic system. The research was carried out from January to March 2022 at the Ciparanje Green House, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) experimental method with four treatments and three replications. The treatment used was the application of FBs pressure of 0 atm (A), 5.25 atm (B), 5.5 atm (C), and 5.75 atm (D). Maintenance of test fish for 30 days with ad satiation feeding. Observation of fish growth through sampling is done by taking fish 10% of the total population randomly in each pond. Data were analyzed using the F test at a 95% confidence level, followed by Duncan's multiple range test with a 95% confidence level, while water quality data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the specific daily growth rate of FBs 5.75 was 2.51%, the absolute length growth was 3.33%, the absolute weight growth was 1.70 g and the fish survival rate was 99.3%. It was concluded that the use of FBs in the aquaponic system can increase production of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaponic systems, an integration of aquaculture and hydroponics, have untapped potential due to challenges in water quality control, nutrient deficiency detection, feed management, and the lack of comprehensive market feasibility analysis. This study introduces an innovative approach that employs sensor technology, internet of things and machine learning to effectively address these issues. The Internet of things system is developed to monitor status of water and A Neural Network training model is developed to predict water quality parameters proactively before they reach critical levels, optimizing system efficiency, yield, and sustainability. By applying a deep learning-based model, nutrient deficiencies are detected early, using a convolutional neural network that classifies crops based on nutrient content. This gap-filling measure provides valuable insights for nutrient management in aquaponic systems. A novel automated fish-feeding mechanism, leveraging machine learning, eliminates the drawbacks of manual control and enhances system performance, product quality, and profitability. Additionally, a market feasibility analysis model, absent in prior systems, helps to forecast, and reduce the risk of overselling or unsold products. These advancements contribute significantly to the commercial and sustainable potential of aquaponic farming, providing a robust framework for future research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaculture is a sustainable solution to respond to the increasing demand for animal protein and also, food security in the world, and today, in order to develop it, it is necessary to pay attention to the sustainable aquaculture approach (economically, socially and environmentally). The development of modern aquaculture systems has been greatly expanded in recent years and each of them pursues the goals of sustainable aquaculture in some way. In fact, modern aquaculture systems enable the achievement of sustainable aquaculture by maximizing the productivity of resources, reducing costs, appropriate production quantitatively and qualitatively, and a slight environmental effects. Among the systems introduced so far, recirculating aquaculture system, cages, aquaponics, biofloc and integrated multitrophic aquaculture systems are known as promising systems in aquatic production in the world that can be developed in Iran as well. In this review study, in addition to introducing and discussing the importance of these systems in sustainable aquaculture, the resulting opportunities and also, the challenges of developing these systems in the country are addressed

There is an opportunity for agriculture to utilize the many different waste streams in our world and capitalize on what would otherwise be viewed as waste products. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an emerging technology for converting wet biomass to bio-crude oil, while aquaponics is a practice tracing back to indigenous communities around the world; both technologies have the potential to sustainably provide the necessary nutrients for crop growth. Food systems worldwide are actively transitioning to address the many challenges of climate change in a sustainable and efficient manner. Urban agriculture (UA) has the potential to generate localized crops in densely populated areas year-round, but has its challenges, involving high capital requirements, especially for vertical farming and controlled-environment agriculture, and being energy intensive due to artificial lighting and fossil fuel-based synthetic fertilizers. This study investigated the potential for aquaponic and HTL effluents to be used in hydroponic systems through a seed germination screening experiment. Buttercrunch lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds were placed in Ziploc plastic bags on paper towels saturated with the wastewater treatments for 10 days while their total length of growth was routinely measured from the tip of the root to the tip of the cotyledons. The Chicago High School for Agricultural Sciences (CHSAS) aquaponic effluent with a 5.8× times higher nitrate concentration and 4.25× higher ammonia concentration outperformed the Bevier aquaponic effluent and improved any other source water it was combined with. Results also showed that seed germination was not inhibited in the presence of 2–8% solutions of hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous phase (HTL-AP), which performed on par with standard hydroponic fertilizer; solutions of a higher percentage, though, may lead to inhibitory effects in plants, and those of a lower percentage may not provide enough nutrients in the proper forms to sustain plant growth. However, the nutrient analyses revealed that there is still much to investigate regarding the combination of wastewaters to provide a complete, well-rounded, and sustainable source for hydroponic crop production.

Indoor, soilless production—often referred to more broadly as controlled environment agriculture (CEA)—is increasingly used for the cultivation of leafy greens. Minimal information is currently available regarding food safety practices during production and distribution of leafy greens grown within indoor, soilless environments in the United States (U.S.). This study aimed to describe production challenges and implementation of good agricultural practices among CEA growers. Data collection methods included semi-structured interviews (N = 25) and a supplemental online survey completed by growers (N = 12) in the U.S. Out of 18 total responses (i.e., multiple responses allowed per completed survey), survey data indicated that lettuce (n = 5; 27.8%) was the most commonly grown leafy green, followed by culinary herbs (n = 3; 16.7%) and arugula (n = 3; 16.7%). Most growers (n = 7; 58.3%) grew other agricultural products, specifically other crops in addition to leafy greens. Revenue from sales ranged from US$500 000 per year. Meanwhile, nearly half (n = 5; 45.5%) of respondents (N = 11) were uncertain whether their produce was subject to the FSMA Produce Safety Rule. Most survey respondents used vertical farming techniques (5 out of 11; 45.5%) or some variety of greenhouse (4 out of 11; 36.4%). Based on 35 total responses, leafy greens were most commonly sold to “Commercial Restaurants” (n = 7; 20.0%), “Grocery Stores” (n = 7; 20.0%), “Institutional Foodservice Establishments (hospitals, schools, childcare, long-term care)” (n = 6; 17.1%), and “Wholesaler/Distributers” (n = 6; 17.1%). The 11 interview questions elucidated three major themes: contextual, barriers to risk management and regulatory compliance, and research needs. Thirteen subthemes were identified, and an example of a subtheme within each major theme, respectively, includes worker hygiene and training, regulatory and certification environment, and risk assessments of individual issues.

Aquacultural scholars and experts should create new plans to sustain aquaculture, with a minimum negative impact on the environment since aquaculture activity affects the environment and is further complicated by the paucity of good-quality water and land. As a result, a symbiotic experiment involving fish and plants was carried out to ascertain how the two organisms affected one another. The deep Flow Technique was created as a hydroponic system in its simplest form. Mentha spicata L. (mint) at 46 cm TL, Ocimum basilicum L. (basil) at 43.5 cm TL, Origanum majorana (marjoram) at 37 cm TL, Salvia Rosmarinus (rosemary) at 33 cm TL, and Origanum syriacum (thyme) at 34.7 cm TL were the plants utilized in this experiment. 400 fish/pond (1.3 g wet weight) of the Oreochromis niloticus L. species of tilapia fingerlings were stocked. A commercial feed for specific species (with a crude protein content of 25 percent) was represented as the diet in this experiment. Four plants and a control treatment comprised the five treatments, each of which had three replicates. The findings showed that using medicinal herbs improved the quality of the water, especially when compared to un-ionized ammonia (NH3) values in both basil and marjoram. Basil and mint ponds had the greatest fish performance results without any discernible variations, while rosemary ponds had the best survival rate at 96.25%. The performance of some medicinal plants as well as the purity of the water is both benefited by symbiotic relationships with both fish and plants. In order to assess the impact of intense culture on the effectiveness of this program, more studies must be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish consumption has been growing since 1961. Indeed, the fisheries sector is essential to prevent hunger and malnutrition. However, this sector has its challenges. Fish stocks are being depleted beyond biological sustainability, with diseases and biosecurity risks to production and harm to the environment and ecosystems. There is a clear need to improve fish farming with minimum occupation and environmental impact. Heterotrophic and aquaponics systems are being utilized and modified to address these needs. However, environmental factors can affect the innate immunity of fish raised in these systems. Understanding how these systems affect fish’s immunity is critical to prevent potential hazards and the breakdown of these production methods. The goal of this research was to evaluate the performance, growth, and phagocytic indexes of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) juveniles reared in water recirculation, biofloc, and aquaponics systems in consortium with watercress seedlings (Nasturtium officinale). In each system, 12 juveniles weighing 15.2 g±7,6 were randomly divided into three replicates, fed with commercial feed. The following physical-chemical parameters - temperature, total and toxic ammonia, nitrite, and water pH - were daily assessed. Fishes were weighed monthly for six months. It was observed that R. quelen juveniles reared in the aquaponic system achieved higher average weight, but no statistical significance was detected (p>0.05) when compared to those reared in the recirculated and biofloc systems. At the end of the experiment, the phagocytic index was lower only in the recirculating system. The phagocytic capacity was lower in all systems. Although the aquaponic system presented low average weight gain/animal the performance of this system was effective in reducing the concentrations of total ammonia and nitrite in the water, in consortium with the production of vegetables.

The introduction of aquaponics through interesting learning media is expected to instill good knowledge in students about aquaponics. Technological devices, plants and animals in the aquaponic system which are used as learning media in several subjects or fields of study. One of the efforts in developing learning that attracts the interest and motivation of students is learning media. Learning media is one of the important learning components in the learning process, because learning media can increase students' interest and motivation in learning. The introduction of aquaponics as an interesting learning medium is expected to instill good knowledge in students (the younger generation), especially in the activities of developing modern agriculture or animal husbandry in urban areas. This activity was attended by 18 students and 1 accompanying teacher. Activities carried out through the method of discussion and demonstration (demonstration) of the aquaponic system.

The advantages of hydroponics and aquaculture are combined in the agricultural technique known as aquaponics. An Internet of Things (IoT) aquaponics system is used to help collect vast amounts of ecological and agricultural data. An aquaponics system, including a fish tank and planting area, has been completed and set up as an experimental field. The major goals of this project are to create an IoT aquaponics monitoring system that may be used for a variety of purposes. This project utilises Arduino, WiFi shield and Android applications for monitoring purposes. A pH sensor, temperature and servo motor are used to retrieve and store the data on the Favoriot IoT platform. The sensors' results were degree temperature, soil moisture, pH, and automatic fish feeder. The system acquires an average performance of 92.5%, considering the data receive and system functionality. In conclusion, the project can monitor the water temperature, moisture, pH and provide notifications through the mobile application of the aquaponic monitoring system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In Saudi Arabia, there is a scarcity of water used for agriculture and human consumption. Therefore, the aquaponic technique needs to be considered. Aquaponics is a modern, environmentally friendly agricultural technology that combines hydroponics and aquaculture into one system. However, the key to a successful aquaponic system is optimizing the stocking density for the target species. This study estimates the effect of three stocking densities—3 kg/m−3, 6 kg/m−3, and 9 kg/m−3—in five replicates on the growth performance and water quality of fingerling Nile tilapia (Oreochomis niloticus), as well as the yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) grown in the nutrient film technique (NFT) aquaponic system. As for the planting density, 36 spinach plants are planted per m−2 for each replicate. The experiment is set up for 8 weeks. The findings reveal that the average final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and survival rate of Nile tilapia were significantly higher in the 3 kg/m−3 treatment. It is evident that the total yield of spinach increased as the stocking density increased (p < 0.05). Most of the water quality measurements are significant, pH values range from 6.74 to 7.47, dissolved oxygen is 4.33 to 6.35, ammonia is 0.13 to 0.17 mg/L−1, nitrite is 0.045 to 0.089, and nitrate is 2.44 to 3.35. Therefore, to maximize the productivity of spinach and tilapia while achieving the maximum benefit from fresh water, it can be recommended to use the stocking density of Nile tilapia fingerlings in the range of 6 kg/m−3 in the aquaponic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teknologi aquaponic telah menjadi solusi terhadap permasalahan pokok pada kelompok usaha bersama RT. 12, RW. 01 Kelurahan Sukamerindu Kota Bengkulu dalam membudidayakan tanaman hortikultura. Penerapan teknologi ini dilaksanakan melalui program pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan setidaknya menerapkan empat metode, yaitu pendidikan, pelatihan, substitusi dan difusi IPTEKS. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan pendekatan partisipatif yakni pendekatan secara teori (sesi kelas) dan praktik (sesi lapangan) mulai dari merencanakan, membangun, menerapkan dan maintenance teknologi aquaponic. Hasil yang dicapai bersama mitra adalah satu unit sistem aquaponic yang terdiri dari kolam terpal (ikan lele), sistem filterisasi dan resirkulasi, dan sistem hidroponik. Sistem filterasi dilakukan secara mekanik (waring, karang jahe, karbon aktif dan busa) dan biologis menggunakan bioball dan EM4. Tidak mencapai satu bulan pasca pembenihan, mitra telah berhasil memanen 100 pot tanaman kangkung sebanyak 18 Kg. Tidak hanya memperoleh hasil tambahan berupa tanaman hortikultura, penerapan aquponik menjadikan ikan lebih sehat, berkurangnya kematian dan ukuran relative sama. Peralihan menerapkan teknologi ini memberikan kemudahan bagi mitra karena selain perawatannya mudah, biaya operasionalnya sangat murah. Sehingga, diharapkan masyarakat sekitar dapat mempelajari dan mencontoh budidaya ini untuk dapat diterapkan di pekarangan masing-masing.

In the last two decades, fisheries and fish industries by-products have started to be recovered for the extraction of type I collagen because of issues related to the extraction of traditional mammalian tissues. In this work, special attention has been paid to by-products from fish bred in aquaponic plants. The valorization of aquaponic fish wastes as sources of biopolymers would make the derived materials eco-friendlier and attractive in terms of profitability and cost effectiveness. Among fish species, Nile Tilapia is the second-most farmed species in the world and its skin is commonly chosen as a collagen extraction source. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have been carried out to investigate, in depth, the age-related differences in fish skin with the final aim of selecting the most advantageous fish size for collagen extraction. In this work, the impact of age on the structural and compositional properties of Tilapia skin was evaluated with the aim of selecting the condition that best lends itself to the extraction of type I collagen for biomedical applications, based on the known fact that the properties of the original tissue have a significant impact on those of the final product. Performed analysis showed statistically significant age-related differences. In particular, an increase in skin thickness (+110 µm) and of wavy-like collagen fiber bundle diameter (+3 µm) besides their organization variation was observed with age. Additionally, a preferred collagen molecule orientation along two specific directions was revealed, with a higher fiber orientation degree according to age. Thermal analysis registered a shift of the endothermic peak (+1.7 °C) and an increase in the enthalpy (+3.3 J/g), while mechanical properties were found to be anisotropic, with an age-dependent brittle behavior. Water (+13%) and ash (+0.6%) contents were found to be directly proportional with age, as opposed to protein (−8%) and lipid (−10%) contents. The amino acid composition revealed a decrease in the valine, leucine, isoleucine, and threonine content and an increase in proline and hydroxyproline. Lastly, fatty acids C14:0, C15:0, C16:1, C18:2n6c, C18:3n6, C18:0, C20:3n3, and C23:0 were revealed to be upregulated, while C18:1n9c was downregulated with age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaponics and bioflocs are the aquaculture systems to reduce nitrogenous waste with less water exchange. Aquaponics reduce nitrate (NO3- ) through the role of vegetable plants, while bioflocs assimilate ammonium (NH4+ ) through floc-forming bacteria. In this study, a collaboration was designed between aquaponics and bioflocs, called aquabioponics. This study was conducted to evaluate the tilapia production performance and observe the dynamics of P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu minerals in the system. A completely randomized design was applied with three treatments performed in triplicates, namely aquaponics (AP), bioflocs (BF), and aquabioponics (AB). The AP was integrated with the bok-choy culture, while BF added an organic carbon source in the fish tank. AB involved the organic carbon addition (50% of the dose used in BF) and bok-choy culture. A total of 200 Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (initial length and weight of 5.56 ± 0.13 cm and 5.92 ± 0.47 g, respectively) were cultured in a fiber tank filled with 500 L water per treatment for 60 days. Bok-choy was harvested every 30 days. Feeding was performed at satiation three times a day (morning, afternoon, and evening). During the fish rearing, water was remained unreplaced, but water was added every 10 days to replace the water volume. Fish sampling was performed to calculate length and weight every 10 days. Aquabioponics showed the best tilapia production performance. The Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu minerals were essential in aquaponics and aquabioponics, while Mg was important for bioflocs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of two fish stocking densities on the growth performance, development, and antioxidant capacity of kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) and arugula (Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa) in an aquaponic system with common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The aquaponics system consists of six rearing units for fish and twelve units for plants, purple light-led lamps for plants (36 W), biological and mechanical filters, and pumps for water recirculation. Two fish stocking densities were used: 3.5 kg×m-3 and 7 kg×m-3, each replicated three times. For each treatment or fish stocking density, 15 kale seedlings (51 plants×m-2) and 15 arugula seedlings (51 plants×m-2) were planted. All treatments were done in triplicates. At the end of the trial, the fresh weight of the plants was measured, and the results showed that the stocking density of the common carp of 7 kg×m-3 resulted in higher production of kale and arugula by maintaining good water quality for the plant and fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This dataset contains pH, TDS, and water temperature measurements using internet of things devices and sensors. The dataset is collected using an IoT sensor with ESP8266 as the microcontroller. Urban farmers can use this dataset with limited land in aquaponic cultivation as initial reference values or novice researchers to implement basic machine learning algorithms. Measurements were made on aquaculture consisting of 1m3 pond media with a water volume of 1 m x 1 m × 70 cm and hydroponic media with the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) system. Measurements were carried out for three months from January 2023 to March 2023. The available datasets are raw data and filtered data.

With the recent trends in urban agriculture and climate change, there is an emerging need for alternative plant culture techniques where dependence on soil can be eliminated. Hydroponic and aquaponic growth techniques have proven to be viable alternatives, but the lack of efficient and optimal practices for irrigation and nutrient supply limits its applications on a large-scale commercial basis. The main purpose of this research was to develop statistical methods and Machine Learning algorithms to regulate nutrient concentrations in aquaponic irrigation water based on plant needs, for achieving optimal plant growth and promoting broader adoption of aquaponic culture on a commercial scale. One of the key challenges to developing these algorithms is the sparsity of data which requires the use of Bolstered error estimation approaches. In this paper, several linear and non-linear algorithms trained on relatively small datasets using Bolstered error estimation techniques were evaluated, for selecting the best method in making decisions regarding the regulation of nutrients in hydroponic environments. After repeated tests on the dataset, it was decided that Semi-Bolstered Resubstitution Error estimation technique works best in our case using Linear Support Vector Machine as the classifier with the value of penalty parameter set to one. A set of recommended rules have been prescribed as a Decision Support System, using the output of the Machine Learning algorithm, which have been tested against the results of the baseline model. Further, the positive impact of the recommended nutrient concentrationson plant growth in aquaponic environments has been elaborately discussed.

Nutrient recycling from biowaste is one of the sustainable approaches to managing waste. The aquaponic system is one of the nutrient recycling methods that can reduce water consumption and reuse the nutrient available in its ecosystem. The nutrient to fertilize the plant in aquaponic depends on the activities of microbes to convert the waste into the nutrient. To enhance the growth of the plants, some aquaponics systems still rely on chemical fertilizers. Kappaphycus alvarezii is one of the red seaweeds abundantly found in East Malaysia. After numerous processes such as carrageenan extraction, the biowaste derived from K. alvarezii still contains a nutrient that can be recycled. The present study explores the potential of K. alvarezii solid waste as fertilizer to grow Ocimum basilicum in an aquaponics system. In this study, the macro- and micronutrients in K. alvarezii solid waste were determined, and the prevalence of microbes in the aquaponics system was monitored using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and 16S metagenomic sequencing method, respectively. Based on the findings, the growth of O. basilicum supplemented with K. alvarezii biofertilizer was significantly higher than the negative control. For genetic expression study in O. basilicum, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and cytochrome p450 reductase (CPR) genes were upregulated. The O. basilicum is free from mycotoxin and heavy metals. Since K. alvarezii solid waste is rich with macro- and micronutrients, which are essential for plant growth and can enhance the growth of O. basilicum, K. alvarezii solid waste produced from bioethanol production could be a potential fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing growth of the aquaculture sector has raised significant concerns regarding its environmental footprint, including nutrient discharge, substantial feed consumption, and high energy requirements. In response, innovative approaches such as aquaponics and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) are being developed as potentially more sustainable alternatives. This study aims to evaluate the environmental performance of an innovative Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaponics system (IMTAcs) using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. Given the experimental nature of the pilot plant, two distinct scaled-up scenarios were analysed: one utilizing an alternative feed (IMTAcs AF), and the other employing a commercial feed (IMTAcs CF). The functional unit was defined as 100 kcal and 1 kg of protein produced by the system, with a cradle-to-gate perspective defining system boundaries. Results revealed that IMTAcs AF has a higher global warming impact (0.234 kg CO2 eq./100 kcal) compared to IMTAcs CF (0.207 kg CO2 eq.). In both scenarios, electricity consumption was identified as the primary driver to environmental impact, exceeding 50%, in contrast to conventional systems where feed is the main hotspot. Moreover, while trends in impact categories such as net primary production use and eutrophication is opposite between the scenarios, the latter demonstrated substantial mitigation potential, attributable to the system's inherent nutrient recycling, in comparison with traditional aquaculture systems. While the findings are promising, certain limitations in the study (e.g. utilization of scaled-up data and inherent uncertainties analysed), with the scarcity of existing research, point to the opportunity for further exploration. This includes analysing real-scale implementations whenever feasible and conducting more detailed comparisons with traditional systems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. On behalf of all the Authors., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Catfish farming has long been carried out by local farmers with various systems and technologies. A reduction of land and water availability in urban aquaculture has been stimulate the application of aquaponic and biofloc technology. In this study, we aimed to analyze production performance, financial feasibility, and sensitivity analysis in catfish farming through a different farm system including water exchange system, aquaponic and biofloc technology. A case study was used from catfish (Clarias gariepinus) farmers in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The production performance analyzed is the total production, productivity and survival. Financial feasibility analysis used cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and sensitivity analysis is carried out on changes in the amount of production based on the survival value. The results showed that the best productivity of catfish was obtained from a water exchange system with a production value of 4038.0 ± 6.0 kg, productivity 168.0 ± 2.0 kg per m2, and the survival of 79.4 ± 2.2%. The financial feasibility analysis suggested that the water exchange system was US$ 4204.29 (NPV), 12.52 (BCR), and 301.82% (IRR), in the aquaponic was US$ 5048.3 6 (NPV), 12.57 (BCR) and 303.48% (IRR) and for biofloc technology was US$ 2242.23 (NPV), 7.67 (BCR), and 184.07% (IRR), analysis period was five years. The sensitivity analysis shows that the limit of reduction in survival value in water exchange catfish culture, aquaponic, and biofloc technology are 64.0%, 60.0% and 64.0% respectively. Our study showed that the production and financial performance of catfish farming using biofloc technology produces the lowest value compared to the other two systems. It was found that the farmers have not implemented the biofloc technology procedures correctly and have not routinely monitored water quality in all systems and technologies. Still, we were able to acknowledge this issue in hope that we can fix it in the future.

Nutrient regulation in aquaponic environments has been a topic of research for many years. Most studies have focused on appropriate control of nutrients in an aquaponic set-up, but very little research has been conducted on commercial-scale applications. In our model, the input data were sourced on a weekly basis from three commercial aquaponic farms in Southeast Texas over the course of a year. Due to the limited number of data points, dimensionality reduction techniques such as pairwise correlation matrix were used to remove the highly correlated predictors. Feature selection techniques such as the XGBoost classifier and Recursive Feature Elimination with ExtraTreesClassifier were used to rank the features in order of their relative importance. Ammonium and calcium were found to be the top two nutrient predictors, and based on the months in which lettuce was cultivated, the median of these nutrient values from the historical dataset served as the optimal concentration to be maintained in the aquaponic solution to sustain healthy growth of tilapia fish and lettuce plants in a coupled set-up. To accomplish this, Vernier sensors were used to measure the nutrient values and actuator systems were built to dispense the appropriate nutrient into the ecosystem via a closed loop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collagen is one of the most widely used biomaterials in health-related sectors. The industrial production of collagen mostly relies on its extraction from mammals, but several issues limited its use. In the last two decades, marine organisms attracted interest as safe, abundant, and alternative source for collagen extraction. In particular, the possibility to valorize the huge quantity of fish industry waste and byproducts as collagen source reinforced perception of fish collagen as eco-friendlier and particularly attractive in terms of profitability and cost-effectiveness. Especially fish byproducts from eco-sustainable aquaponics production allow for fish biomass with additional added value and controlled properties over time. Among fish species, Oreochromis niloticus is one of the most widely bred fish in large-scale aquaculture and aquaponics systems. In this work, type I collagen was extracted from aquaponics-raised Tilapia skin and characterized from a chemical, physical, mechanical, and biological point of view in comparison with a commercially available analog. Performed analysis confirmed that the proprietary process optimized for type I collagen extraction allowed to isolate pure native collagen and to preserve its native conformational structure. Preliminary cellular studies performed with mouse fibroblasts indicated its optimal biocompatibility. All data confirmed the eligibility of the extracted Tilapia-derived native type I collagen as a biomaterial for healthcare applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture in urban and urbanizing areas will be increasingly critical to enhancing food security and food sovereignty, creating income, strengthening social interactions, and improving health outcomes in cities. We used three roofs, a hydroponic system, an aquaponic system, and field rows in an urban environment to grow six dwarf tomato cultivars: 'Micro Tom', 'Red Robin', 'Sweet 'n' Neat', 'Terenzo', 'Tiny Tim', and 'Tumbler.' We measured the marketable yield and non-marketable yield, mass of non-marketable tomatoes exhibiting defects, and the content of 12 mineral nutrients in fruits. We found the productivity often varied among cultivars within a cropping system. 'Terenzo' and 'Tumbler' were always some of the most productive cultivars, whereas 'Micro Tom' was normally among the least productive cultivars. The production from 'Red Robin', 'Tiny Tim', and 'Sweat 'n' Neat' was more variable, sometimes producing high, moderate, or low mass. The mineral content was especially variable across the cultivars and we did not identify cultivars that were consistently high or low in mineral content across systems, indicating that the mineral content was highly influenced by a genotype x environment interaction. The amount of 5 minerals differed across cultivars in aquaponics, 9 differed in hydroponics, and 6–12 differed in the roof systems. A high-yielding cultivar should be selected first and production methods can then be modified to maximize the nutrient content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This experimental investigation of a laboratory scale aquaponic system included testing of a biofilter with basil plant as the biofilter part on aquaculture water quality. Irridescent shark was selected as aquaculture species. The biofilter consist of natural biomaterials such as coconut husk, coco peat, and coarse aggregates. The experiment was carried out for three short water recirculation durations of 2, 3, and 4 h/day. The influent and effluent ammonia NH3, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrites NO2 and nitrates NO3 levels were measured and analysed. The results showed that the biofilter effectively removed NH3 (65 - 71 %), TAN (34 - 58 %), and NO2 (60 - 67 %) from the aquaculture water. The dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were maintained between 3 - 7.0 mg/l during all the recirculation durations. The significance of water recirculation period was assessed by calculating the differences between the means of water quality parameters with a statistical test named one-way analysis of variance (ANNOVA) with significant level P taken as 5 %, i.e., P ≤ 0.5. The effluent mean NH3 levels 0.030 mg/l, 0.033 mg/l, and 0.022 mg/l exhibited significant difference at 4 h/d periods while effluent TAN levels 0.81, 0.77, and 0.77 showed no difference with varying periods.

In this study, we assessed the effects of dietary Fe level on the growth performance, nutritional status and health condition of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio var. specularis) (12.59 ± 1.73 g), production and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. ramosa Hort) in recirculating aquaponic system for a 60-day feeding trial. Five semi-purified diets with ferrous sulfate as the iron source were used in the feeding trail, which were: T1 (53.81 mg Fe/kg); T2 (118.83 mg Fe/kg); T3 (209.24 mg Fe/kg); T4 (328.44 mg Fe/kg); T5 (498.74 mg Fe/kg). The findings indicated the following: (1) The growth results showed that compare to other groups, the weight gain of mirror carp in Group T2 was the highest, and the feed conversion ratio was the lowest (P < 0.05). (2) The body composition results showed that muscle crude fat and crude protein of the mirror carp significantly increase in the T2 group compared to the T1 group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the C20:5n-3 levels in both the T2 and T3 groups were significantly higher than that of T1 group (P < 0.05). (3) Group T2 exhibited the highest liver superoxide dismutase activity, with significantly elevated catalase activity compared to the other groups (P < 0.05), and the liver malondialdehyde content in group T2 was significantly lower than the T4 and T5 groups (P < 0.05). (4) The morphological measurements of intestinal tissues in mirror carp showed that compared to Group T1 and Group T5, Group T2 exhibited the highest villus length and muscular layer thickness (P < 0.05). (5) The lowest yield of lettuce is in the T1group (3.35 kg/m2/month), and the highest yield (3.96 kg/m2/month) is in the T5 group, along with the highest chlorophyll and soluble sugar content (P < 0.05). (6) The T5 group had the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency (69.44%), while the T1 group had the lowest nitrogen utilization efficiency (58.37%). In addition, the different dietary iron levels did not adversely affect the water quality of the aquaponic systems. Based on the line regression analysis of weight gain and feed conversion ratio with feed iron content, it was found that the most suitable iron content in feed is 118.22–120.44 mg/kg, and the production and quality of lettuce will increase with the increase of feed iron content. According to the results of fish and vegetable growth, as well as nitrogen utilization efficiency, it is suggested that the dietary iron level in the feed of juvenile mirror carp utilized within aquaponic systems should ideally fall within the range of 120–200 mg/kg. • The use of different iron levels in the aquaponic system can affect the growth of mirror carp and vegetable yield. • The suitable dietary iron level for juvenile mirror carp is 118.22–120.44 mg/kg. • The yield of vegetables in the aquaponic system increases with the increase of dietary iron level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last two decades, fisheries and fish industries by-products have started to be recovered for the extraction of type I collagen because of issues related to the extraction of traditional mammalian tissues. In this work, special attention has been paid to by-products from fish bred in aquaponic plants. The valorization of aquaponic fish wastes as sources of biopolymers would make the derived materials eco-friendlier and attractive in terms of profitability and cost effectiveness. Among fish species, Nile Tilapia is the second-most farmed species in the world and its skin is commonly chosen as a collagen extraction source. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have been carried out to investigate, in depth, the age-related differences in fish skin with the final aim of selecting the most advantageous fish size for collagen extraction. In this work, the impact of age on the structural and compositional properties of Tilapia skin was evaluated with the aim of selecting the condition that best lends itself to the extraction of type I collagen for biomedical applications, based on the known fact that the properties of the original tissue have a significant impact on those of the final product. Performed analysis showed statistically significant age-related differences. In particular, an increase in skin thickness (+110 µm) and of wavy-like collagen fiber bundle diameter (+3 µm) besides their organization variation was observed with age. Additionally, a preferred collagen molecule orientation along two specific directions was revealed, with a higher fiber orientation degree according to age. Thermal analysis registered a shift of the endothermic peak (+1.7 °C) and an increase in the enthalpy (+3.3 J/g), while mechanical properties were found to be anisotropic, with an age-dependent brittle behavior. Water (+13%) and ash (+0.6%) contents were found to be directly proportional with age, as opposed to protein (−8%) and lipid (−10%) contents. The amino acid composition revealed a decrease in the valine, leucine, isoleucine, and threonine content and an increase in proline and hydroxyproline. Lastly, fatty acids C14:0, C15:0, C16:1, C18:2n6c, C18:3n6, C18:0, C20:3n3, and C23:0 were revealed to be upregulated, while C18:1n9c was downregulated with age.

To evaluate the flesh quality of fingerling common carp reared in aquaponics culture system, fish with cucumber and lettuce was reared under the aquaponics system for 60 days with three treatments including cultivation of common carp without plants (T0), an aquaponics system for culturing common carp with lettuce (TL), and cucumber (TC) each with three replications. For the meat quality evaluation of reared fish, at the final rearing period after harvesting fish, chemical composition, fatty acid profile, color, texture profile analysis, and sensory assessment were determined. The result showed that protein and lipid content in T0 and TC were significantly higher than in TL (P

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AQUAPONIC APPLICATION OF ORGANIC VEGETABLES-CATFISH IN BUCKETS (ASOILELEDAMBER) IN BENGKULU CITY. Bengkulu City is the capital of Bengkulu Province with the highest population in Bengkulu Province so it requires the availability of high food consumption as well. Required foodstuffs such as vegetables, meat, and fish, not all are available from Bengkulu City, so it is not uncommon the price on the market becomes more expensive. To fulfill the needs of foodstuffs, some people of Bengkulu City make effort to cultivate vegetables and maintain fish in ponds, but this method is also difficult to do because of the limited land area. Based on the description, it is necessary to apply the Appropriate Technology (TTG) for the people of Bengkulu City to fulfill family food security, one of which is the application of aquaponic technology: Asoileledamber (Organic Vegetable-Catfish Aquaponics in Buckets). This community service activity aims to provide information and training to the group of service partners in Bengkulu City about the benefits of Asoileledamber. Community service activities include Asoileledamber counseling activities, the provision of guidebooks, provision of tools and materials for cultivation such as fish seedlings, vegetable seeds and pellet feed. The results perceived by the service partners were harvesting Catfish from the second month of maintenance to the fourth month of maintenance. Organic vegetables are harvested starting from 2 weeks after planting time (SMT) until the 4th month of maintenance with an average harvest of 1-2 bunches per bucket.

Hydroponic farming and aquaponic farming are the most innovative methods in the agricultural sector; hydroponic is the cultivation of plant off-soil, but aquaponic is the junction between hydroponic and aquaculture, which is the cultivation of fish. Because more one criterion the no soil-borne disease, reducing insect infection and pest, further elimination of the pesticides used in the monitoring system reduce the toxicity, the time of growing plants in the hydroponic system are less compared to crop grown in the conventional method. Finally, the nutrients are available only for plants. The aquaponic system is beneficial even in a critical environment like dessert, heat and cold. The system is not affected by climate change and more stable in all seasons. This is the principal criteria to successfully adapting in the home and commercial domain; the system can be automatically operated with the IoT technologies. The paper at hand proposes a comparative study between hydroponic and aquaponic farming. to have a global vision of both methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the incorporation of mineralizing Bacillus spp. on the characteristics of fluorescent organic matter (FDOM) in a recirculating aquaculture system (Nile tilapia-Stevia rebaudiana) was evaluated. EEM-PARAFAC analysis was used to determine the composition of the dissolved organic matter and to study its relationship with nitrogen transformation. The composition and antioxidant activity of Stevia leaves were used as indicators of the benefits of bacterial supplementation on nutrient absorption. Two systems were used, each consisting of a circular fish tank (1.7 m3) and six units of the nutrient film (0.18 m3). One system was supplemented with bacteria (BS), while the other was used as control (NBS). The inclusion of Bacillus spp. facilitated mineralization and the availability of total phosphorus (TP), K+, and nitrogen, and also controlled the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) for 56 days without water exchange. FDOM was modeled by four components (3-humic-like, 1-protein-like), which were good indicators of the process of mineralization. The fluorescence intensity in the biofilter was significantly correlated with TP, K+, temperature, and the absorption coefficient a254. The fluorescence index (FI) was a good indicator of the process of nitrification. Plants from BS required 46.4% less NO3– and 47.8% less K+ compared to the control, and absorbed 45.1% more TP. BS-Stevia leaves produced 38.6% more reducing sugars, 28.6% more flavonoids, and 35.9% more glycosylated flavonoids than the control. The fish in the BS system reached a higher final weight than NBS, resulting in a 1 kg/m3 higher gross yield. Even so, it will be necessary to reduce the pH of the water to increase the antioxidant scavenging capacity of the plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an integrated aquaponic system, the phosphorus present in the technological water can be recycled in the plant biomass, depending on a series of elements related to system design and production technology. The present research aims to identify the influence of crop culture density on phosphorus dynamics in an integrated stellate sturgeon - spinach recirculating production system, by using aquaponic substrate technique. A 44 days experimental trial was performed in order to test three spinach culture densities, in triplicate, as follows: B1H - 59 crops/m², B2H - 48 crops/m², B3H - 39 crops/m². A control variant (with no plants) was used, in order to estimate the spinach biomass capacity to remove phosphorus. Phosphorus removal rate had an upward trend at B1H, B2H and B3H, with an average value of 13.38 ± 5.45 g/m²/day at B1H, 11.57 ± 5.25 g/m²/day at B2H and 10.39 ± 4.4 g/m²/day at B3H. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were recorded between B1H and the rest of experimental variants. Although the highest phosphorus removal rate was recorded at B1H, some spinach plants manifested signs of stress, fact that might affect the phosphorus removal rate capacity during a longer experimental period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catfish farming has long been carried out by local farmers with various systems and technologies. A reduction of land and water availability in urban aquaculture has been stimulate the application of aquaponic and biofloc technology. In this study, we aimed to analyze production performance, financial feasibility, and sensitivity analysis in catfish farming through a different farm system including water exchange system, aquaponic and biofloc technology. A case study was used from catfish (Clarias gariepinus) farmers in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The production performance analyzed is the total production, productivity and survival. Financial feasibility analysis used cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and sensitivity analysis is carried out on changes in the amount of production based on the survival value. The results showed that the best productivity of catfish was obtained from a water exchange system with a production value of 4038.0 ± 6.0 kg, productivity 168.0 ± 2.0 kg per m2, and the survival of 79.4 ± 2.2%. The financial feasibility analysis suggested that the water exchange system was US$ 4204.29 (NPV), 12.52 (BCR), and 301.82% (IRR), in the aquaponic was US$ 5048.3 6 (NPV), 12.57 (BCR) and 303.48% (IRR) and for biofloc technology was US$ 2242.23 (NPV), 7.67 (BCR), and 184.07% (IRR), analysis period was five years. The sensitivity analysis shows that the limit of reduction in survival value in water exchange catfish culture, aquaponic, and biofloc technology are 64.0%, 60.0% and 64.0% respectively. Our study showed that the production and financial performance of catfish farming using biofloc technology produces the lowest value compared to the other two systems. It was found that the farmers have not implemented the biofloc technology procedures correctly and have not routinely monitored water quality in all systems and technologies. Still, we were able to acknowledge this issue in hope that we can fix it in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm xác định phương pháp nuôi kết hợp lươn Monopterus albus với rau ngổ Enhydra fluctuans phù hợp nhằm góp phần giảm ô nhiễm nitrogen trong môi trường và tăng năng suất trong mô hình nuôi lươn và rau. Thí nghiệm được bố trí ngẫu nhiên gồm 3 nghiệm thức (NT) với 3 hình thức nuôi khác nhau gồm: 1) kết hợp gián tiếp bằng cách hàng tuần sử dụng 100% nước từ bể lươn cung cấp cho bể rau (NT1_lươn, rau); 2) kết hợp trực tiếp lươn với rau trong cùng một bể (NT2_lươn+rau); và 3) nuôi lươn kết hợp rau theo hệ thống aquaponic (NT3_aqua.lươn, rau). Lươn (52 g/con) được bố trí với mật độ 1,5 kg/bể (9,4 kg/m3) và rể rau ngổ giống ban đầu là 1,0 kg/bể. Lươn được cho ăn thức ăn viên 2 lần/ngày theo nhu cầu. Thời gian thí nghiệm là 90 ngày. Kết quả cho thấy các chỉ tiêu môi trường TAN (0,25-7,41mg/L), NO2- (0,27-1,91 mg/L), NO3- (31,28-57,69 mg/L), PO43- (8,54-9,83 mg/L), trong đó NT3 luôn thấp và ổn định hơn các NT còn lại. Tăng trưởng (0,124 g/ngày) và chiều dài (0,011 cm/ngày) của lươn cao nhất là ở NT2 nhưng khác biệt không có ý nghĩa thống kê so với các NT còn lại. Tương tự sinh khối rau ngổ ở NT3 là cao nhất 3,4 kg/m2 khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê (p

To evaluate the effects of iron supplementation on the growth performance, body composition and health status of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio var. specularis) (10.34 ± 1.56 g), production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. ramosa Hort), and nitrogen utilization efficiency in media bed aquaponic system, a 60-day experiment was conducted. During the experiment, 0 (C), 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/L iron chelate (ferrous glycinate) was added to fish tank of each system every 20 days. The results indicated as following: (1) Regarding the growth performance of mirror carp, the 1 mg/L group showed the highest weight gain (WG) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) when compared to the C group and the 4 mg/L group (P < 0.05). (2) In terms of body composition of mirror carp, the 1 mg/L group exhibited a significant increase in crude fat and iron content in the muscle (P < 0.05), and the ∑n-3 LCPUFA (C20:5n-3, EPA; C22:6n-3, DHA) was significantly higher in this group compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). (3) Regarding the health status of mirror carp, the 1 mg/L group had the highest liver catalase (CAT) activity, and the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly higher than in the C, 3 mg/L, and 4 mg/L groups (P < 0.05). Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content of mirror carp was significantly lower in 1 mg/L group compare to other groups (P < 0.05). (4) Concerning lettuce growth, the yield increased with rising iron content, and the group with 2 mg/L exhibited the highest chlorophyll content (P < 0.05). (5) Nitrogen utilization results showed that the 2 mg/L chelated iron group had the highest nitrogen utilization rate of 33.95%, while the C group had the lowest nitrogen utilization rate of 28.61%. Additionally, iron supplementation did not have a negative impact on the water quality of the aquaponic system. In summary, under the conditions of this study, adding 1 mg/L of chelate iron every 20 days in the aquaponic system is beneficial to the growth, body composition and health status of the mirror carp, the lettuce in the 2 mg/L group had better growth and yield. It is recommended to add 1–2 mg/L glycine chelated iron in the media bed aquaponic system every 20 days to promote the growth of fish and vegetables and improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency of the system. • Iron is an important factor determining the production of aquaponics (AQP). • 1 mg/L chelate-Fe in AQP system promotes fish growth, nutritional and health status. • 2 mg/L chelate-Fe in AQP system improves lettuce yield, chlorophyll and iron content. • Adding chelated-Fe to AQP system's water can enhance nitrogen utilization efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collagen is one of the most widely used biomaterials in health-related sectors. The industrial production of collagen mostly relies on its extraction from mammals, but several issues limited its use. In the last two decades, marine organisms attracted interest as safe, abundant, and alternative source for collagen extraction. In particular, the possibility to valorize the huge quantity of fish industry waste and byproducts as collagen source reinforced perception of fish collagen as eco-friendlier and particularly attractive in terms of profitability and cost-effectiveness. Especially fish byproducts from eco-sustainable aquaponics production allow for fish biomass with additional added value and controlled properties over time. Among fish species, Oreochromis niloticus is one of the most widely bred fish in large-scale aquaculture and aquaponics systems. In this work, type I collagen was extracted from aquaponics-raised Tilapia skin and characterized from a chemical, physical, mechanical, and biological point of view in comparison with a commercially available analog. Performed analysis confirmed that the proprietary process optimized for type I collagen extraction allowed to isolate pure native collagen and to preserve its native conformational structure. Preliminary cellular studies performed with mouse fibroblasts indicated its optimal biocompatibility. All data confirmed the eligibility of the extracted Tilapia-derived native type I collagen as a biomaterial for healthcare applications.