Search

Tylosin (TYL) pollution has aroused widespread concern, and its existence poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. Microbial degradation of antibiotics is considered to be an effective strategy to reduce the environmental impact of antibiotics, but its degradation mechanism is still unclear. In this study, transcriptome analysis was combined to explore the response mechanism of K. gibsonii strain TYL-A1 under TYL stress. The results showed that the strain showed a significant antioxidant response under TYL stress to cope with TYL-induced cell damage. TYL also increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), damaged the integrity of the cell membrane, and inhibited the growth of strain TYL-A1. Transcriptome sequencing showed that under TYL exposure conditions, 1650 DEGs in strain TYL-A1 showed expression changes, of which 806 genes were significantly up-regulated and 844 genes were significantly down-regulated. Differentially expressed DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways related to metabolism, biosynthesis, and stress response, and tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and carbon metabolism genes were significantly up-regulated. In conclusion, this study provides novel insights regarding the degradation of TYL by K. gibsonii TYL-A1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which Zn retards Fe toxicity by analyzing the morphological, photosynthetic, and chloroplast physiological parameters of wheat seedlings treated with either single or combined Zn and Fe. Different behavior of the seedlings was observed under untreated and treated conditions. The most discriminating quantitative traits were associated with leaf area, biomass dry mass and fresh mass, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate of seedlings, Hill reaction, Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities, malondialdehyde and O2*- contents, and glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities and their gene expression in the seedling chloroplast. The obtained findings suggest the important function of an appropriate Zn concentration in preventing Fe toxicity. Therefore, a thorough evaluation of the effects of Zn on Fe-stressed plant growth is beneficial for sustainable agriculture.

This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which Zn retards Fe toxicity by analyzing the morphological, photosynthetic, and chloroplast physiological parameters of wheat seedlings treated with either single or combined Zn and Fe. Different behavior of the seedlings was observed under untreated and treated conditions. The most discriminating quantitative traits were associated with leaf area, biomass dry mass and fresh mass, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate of seedlings, Hill reaction, Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities, malondialdehyde and O2 •– contents, and glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities and their gene expression in the seedling chloroplast. The obtained findings suggest the important function of an appropriate Zn concentration in preventing Fe toxicity. Therefore, a thorough evaluation of the effects of Zn on Fe-stressed plant growth is beneficial for sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tylosin (TYL) pollution has aroused widespread concern, and its existence poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. Microbial degradation of antibiotics is considered to be an effective strategy to reduce the environmental impact of antibiotics, but its degradation mechanism is still unclear. In this study, transcriptome analysis was combined to explore the response mechanism of K. gibsonii strain TYL-A1 under TYL stress. The results showed that the strain showed a significant antioxidant response under TYL stress to cope with TYL-induced cell damage. TYL also increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), damaged the integrity of the cell membrane, and inhibited the growth of strain TYL-A1. Transcriptome sequencing showed that under TYL exposure conditions, 1650 DEGs in strain TYL-A1 showed expression changes, of which 806 genes were significantly up-regulated and 844 genes were significantly down-regulated. Differentially expressed DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways related to metabolism, biosynthesis, and stress response, and tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and carbon metabolism genes were significantly up-regulated. In conclusion, this study provides novel insights regarding the degradation of TYL by K. gibsonii TYL-A1.

Cisplatin, a first-line chemotherapeutic agent commonly used to treat various solid tumors, induce severe adverse effects, especially nephrotoxicity, which largely limits its clinical application. However, the currently used measures to prevent nephrotoxicity are not ideal owing to the mechanisms underlying cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity are not comprehensively understood. Herein, we examined the effects of silibinin on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and found that silibinin exerted cytoprotection effects during cisplatin treatment in HEK293 cells and in a cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) model. Mechanistically, silibinin ameliorated cisplatin-induced AKI via decreasing ROS-mediated MAPK signaling pathway activation, which was confirmed using the inhibitor N-acetylcysteine. Moreover, the protective effect of silibinin against cisplatin-induced ROS generation through the antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 1 (Nfe2l1), rather than Nfe2l2, mediates HO1 expression. Furthermore, interference with the abundance of Nfe2l1 using siRNA or an overexpression plasmid enhanced or decreased the effect of cisplatin-induced apoptosis, respectively, in HEK293 cells. Interestingly, Nfe2l1 protein stability was more sensitive to cisplatin than that of Nfe2l2. More importantly, the mechanism that silibinin activates Nfe2l1-mediated antioxidant responses was confirmed in a cisplatin-induced AKI model. Silibinin rescued cisplatin-induced Nfe2l1 inhibition by regulating its transcription and post-translational modifications. Taken together, our results reveal a novel mechanism by which silibinin ameliorates cisplatin-induced AKI via activating Nfe2l1-mediated antioxidative response, which provides a new insights to protect patients receiving cisplatin-based cancer treatment against AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive constituents from Rhodiola rosea L. (RRL) exhibit multiple pharmacological effects on diverse diseases. However, whether they are suitable for the treatment of radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate their roles and mechanisms in the RIII rat model. The radioprotective effects of the four bioactive constituents of RRL (salidroside, herbacetin, rosavin and arbutin) were evaluated by the cell viability of irradiated IEC-6 cells. Intestinal tissues were collected for histological analysis, localized inflammation and oxidative stress assessments. Our work showed that salidroside, rosavin and arbutin improved the cell viability of the irradiated IEC-6 cells, with the highest improvement in 12.5 μM rosavin group. The rosavin treatment significantly improved survival rate and intestinal damage in irradiated rats by modulating the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Our work indicated that rosavin may be the optimal constituent of RRL for RIII treatment, providing an attractive candidate for radioprotection., (© 2020 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)