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[Objective] The aim of this experiment was to isolate and screen Bacillus with antibacterial properties and study its antibacterial spectrum. [Method] From 71 strains of Bacillus spp.isolated and identified in the laboratory, we screened out new species of Bacillus 018, Bacillus velezensis F and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 221, which are highly inhibitory to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the genetic evolution tree of 3 strains of Bacillus was established and compared, and the antimicrobial peptides were extracted by acid precipitation method. The antibacterial spectra of 3 strains of Bacillus against 11 strains of animal pathogens were compared. [Result] The results showed that the antimicrobial peptides produced by the three strains of Bacillus had different antibacterial properties. The antibacterial peptide extracts of the three strains in the antibacterial spectrum were in line with the antibacterial properties of the seven strains in the test strain against the indicator bacteria, but slightly different against Aeromonas vickerii, Aeromonas hydrophila and Actinobacillus transinfectious pleuropneumoniae. [Conclusion] The results show that Bacillus can provide reference for the development of bioactive additives or bioantibacterial drugs using antimicrobial peptides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schiff bases are a class of synthetic compounds that form when primary amines combine with aldehydes or ketones. These compounds are incredibly important across various fields, such as biology, catalysis, and optics, due to their diverse features. One notable aspect is their ability to form complexes with transition metals, which opens up a wide range of potential uses, particularly in human systems. In the human body, Schiff base metal complexes display a range of biological actions, including antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and antimalarial properties. The versatility of Schiff bases in reacting with different transition metals gives these complexes intriguing potential for addressing biological issues and treating diseases. This article explores various examples of Schiff bases, metal complexes, and their associated ligands, highlighting their usefulness in a variety of biological applications. The potential of Schiff base metal complexes as valuable agents in resolving medical difficulties and advancing biomedical research is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few years, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the interest towards textiles with antimicrobial functionalities faced a significant boost. This study proposes a rapid and convenient method, in terms of reactants and equipment, for fabricating antimicrobial coatings on textiles. Through the electroless silver plating reaction, silver coatings were successfully applied on cotton and polyester, rapidly and at room temperature. Functionalized samples were characterized by morphological (optical and scanning electron microscopies) and chemical tests (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS) to investigate the nature of the silver coating. Although distinct nanoparticles did not form, XPS analysis detected the presence of silver, which resulted in an increased surface roughness and hydrophobicity of both cotton and polyester textiles. Ag-coated samples exhibited approximately 80% biocompatibility with murine L929 fibroblasts or human HaCaT cells, and strong antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli in direct contact tests. In antiviral experiments with SARS-CoV-2 virus, treated cotton showed a 100% viral reduction in 30 min, while polyester achieved 100% reduction in 1 h. With a human norovirus surrogate, the Feline Calicivirus, both treated textiles have a faster antiviral response, with more than 60% viral reduction after 5 min, while achieving a 100% reduction in 1 h. In conclusion, this study presents a fast, efficient, and low-cost solution for producing antimicrobial textiles with broad applications in medical and healthcare scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a flame retardant and antibacterial coating was constructed on the surface of polyester (PET) fabric by a simple layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly method based on chitosan (CS) and ammonium phytate (APA). The introduction of the coating significantly improved the flame retardant, anti‐dripping, and antibacterial properties of PET fabrics. The PET fabric that has been treated exhibits a limiting oxygen index of 34.6%. During the vertical flame test, it forms an expanded char layer, reduces the damage length to 3.4 cm, and produces no molten drops. The cone calorimeter test results revealed that the peak heat release rate of the treated PET fabric decreased by 62.0%. Additionally, the finished PET fabric has significant antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli, a slight increase in tensile breaking strength, and a slight decrease in whiteness index. This study presents a fully bio‐based, simple, and effective method for flame retardant, anti‐dripping, and antibacterial finishing of PET fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the development of magnetic mesoporous silica functionalized with amine groups (MMS-NH2) for its combined capability in heavy metal removal and bacterial inhibition, aiming to address critical water treatment challenges. MMS-NH2 was successfully synthesized and meticulously characterized using various techniques: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) for morphology, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis for surface area and porosity, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystallinity, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for functional group identification, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) for thermal stability, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) for magnetic properties. The removal efficiency of five common heavy metals (Pb(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Hg(II), and Cd(II)) from water using MMS-NH2 was investigated. influence of adsorbent dosage (0.05–2 g.L− 1), solution pH (2–10), and initial metal ion concentration (50–200 mg.L− 1) on the adsorption process was systematically investigated, revealing optimal conditions for each metal ion. Isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich) were employed to understand the adsorption mechanism, indicating a favorable and monolayer chemisorption process. Kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich) were used to study the adsorption kinetics, suggesting a rapid and chemisorption-controlled mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) were calculated, confirming the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsorption process. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of MMS-NH2 was investigated against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The results demonstrated significant inhibition rates, ranging from 70 to 90%, for both bacterial strains. The amine group functionalization is attributed to enhancing both heavy metal adsorption capacity and bacterial inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The release of antibiotics or anions by traditional bacteriostatic agents led to the development of bacterial drug resistance and environmental pollution. Ionic liquids (ILs) have become important choices for antibacterial agents because of their excellent physical, chemical and biological properties. In this paper, the bioactivities of 1-vinyl-3-butylimidazolium chloride ([VBIM]Cl, IL) and poly (1-vinyl-3-butylimidazolium chloride) (P[VBIM]Cl, PIL) were evaluated, and the potential antibacterial material was used to synthesize hydrogels. Using the colony formation assay and the Oxford cup method, antibacterial effect of IL and PIL were tested. Cell-Counting-Kit-8 (CCK-8) experiments were used to study the IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) values of IL and showed 1.47 mg/mL, 0.35 mg/mL and 0.33 mg/mL at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively. The IC50 value of PIL were 12.15 μg/mL, 12.06 μg/mL and 11.76 μg/mL at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively. The PIL is further crosslinked with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form a novel hydrogel through freeze-thaw cycles. The newly fabricated hydrogel exhibited a high water content, excellent water absorption properties and outstanding mechanical performance. Using the colony formation assay and the inhibition zone assay, the hydrogels exhibited favorable antibacterial effects (against E.coli and S.aureus) such that nearly 100% of the bacteria were killed in liquid medium while cultivating with H4 (synthesized by 0.5 g PIL and 1g PVA). In addition, the cytotoxicity of PIL was significantly reduced through hydrogen bond crosslinking. H4 showed the highest antibacterial activity and a good biocompatibility. The results indicated that the PVA&PIL hydrogels had great potential for wound dressing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Furanoate polyesters are an extremely promising new class of materials for packaging applications, particularly furanoate-based nanocomposites, which have gained a high interest level in research and development in both academia and industries. The monomers utilised for the synthesis of furanoate-based polyesters were derived from lignocellulosic biomass, which is essential for both eco-friendliness and sustainability. Also, these polyesters have a lower carbon footprint compared to fossil-based plastics, contributing to greenhouse gas reduction. The furanoate-based nanocomposites exhibit enhanced performance characteristics, such as high thermal stability, excellent mechanical strength, superior barrier resistance, and good bacteriostatic rate, making them suitable for a wide range of industrial applications, especially for food-packaging applications. This paper reviews the recent trends in the synthesis routes of monomers, such as the various catalytic activities involved in the oxidation of 5(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and its ester, dimethyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate (DMFD). In addition, this review explores the fabrication of different furanoate-based nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerization, by melt mixing or solvent evaporation methods, and by using different types of nanoparticles to enhance the overall material properties of the resulting nanocomposites. Emphasis was given to presenting the effect of these nanoparticles on the furanoate polyester's properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slow rebound polyurethane foam (SPUF) has been widely used due to its advantages such as sound insulation, energy absorption, and good tactile sensation. However, SPUF is prone to harden at low temperature, and its application in medical equipment and households requires significant antibacterial properties. In this paper, self‐made silicone modified polyethylene glycol (Si‐APEG) and graphene oxide supported allicin (Alc@GO) were prepared and used as low‐temperature resistant agent and antibacterial agent, respectively. Low‐temperature resistant polyurethane foam (LSPUF) and antibacterial LSPUF (ALSPUF) were prepared respectively with water as foaming agent. The morphology of ALSPUF was observed by scanning electron microscope. Properties studied include apparent core density and porosity, mechanical properties including tensile strength, 40% compressive hardness, and rebound resilience, as well as low‐temperature resistance. Effects of Si‐APEG content on the structures and properties were analyzed and the LSPUF with an Si‐APEG content of 10 wt.% showed the best comprehensive performance. Therefore, ALSPUFs with Si‐APEG content of 10 wt.% and Alc@GO content of 0–3 wt.% were prepared. The addition of Alc@GO increased the antibacterial ratio significantly without obvious effect on the structure and mechanical properties of LSPUF. The antibacterial ratio of ALSPUF reached 99.07% at a Alc@GO content of 2.5 wt.% and testing time of 60 min. This work provides an effective and feasible method for the preparation of ALSPUF which can be widely used in medical devices and households. Highlights: Silicone modified polyether is a suitable low‐temperature resistant agent for PU foam.Allicin supported on GO provides good antibacterial property for PU foam.ALSPUF has better mechanical properties than SPU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibacterial and oxygen barrier films were inventively prepared by blending very small loadings (<2 wt%) of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) or chitosan (CS) in thermoplastic starch (TPS) and/or processing with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). Oxygen transmission rates (OTR) and free-volume-hole (FVH) characteristics of scCO2-processed TPS/COS and TPS/CS blown films diminish to a minimum, as their COS or CS approach a specific compatibility limit content. The minimum OTR and FVH characteristics of scCO2-processed TPS/COS films are somewhat smaller than those of corresponding TPS/COS films without scCO2-assistance, and decrease further with decreasing COS molecular weights. The minimum OTR values of scCO2-processed TPS/COS blown films with COS's molecular weight of 200 and 500 are only 4.1 and 4.5 cm3/m2 × day × atm, respectively, and their antibacterial rates of Staphylococcus aureus are ≥97 %, which make them as promising antibacterial and oxygen barrier films having OTR ≦ 5 cm3/m2 × day × atm. Among other things, longitudinal or transversal tensile strengths acquired for the properly scCO2-processed TPS/COS or TPS/CS films are ∼30 to ∼50 % higher than those of the TPS films. Dynamic mechanical relaxation results of these scCO2-processed reveal that chitosan oligosaccharide or chitosan are compatible with TPS, as COS or CS contents are ≤ the compatibility limit value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nanoparticles are presently employed in a multitude of applications due to their advantageous features, which encompass simplicity, non-toxicity, affordability, lack of pollutants, and environmentally friendly process. Utilization of Sargassum sp extract for producing nano-copper oxide is environmentally friendly. The study demonstrates the synthesis of nano-copper oxide facilitated by the macroalgae Sargassum sp. and its application in functionalizing cellulose acetate membrane to enhance dye adsorption capacity. The objective of the current study is to assess the properties of the green synthesis product of nano-copper oxide by employing Sargassum sp. macroalgae and its functionalized cellulose acetate membrane for the purpose of dye adsorption. METHODS: The preparation of Sargassum sp. extract involved utilizing quantities of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 grams, which were subsequently combined with a copper sulphate solution to yield nano-copper oxide. Nano-copper oxide was characterized using ultra violet-visual spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope - energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and fourier transform infrared techniques. Nano-copper oxide was introduced to bacterial acetate produced from pineapple peel waste to make a composite membrane and observed the antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus, and dye adsorption to Methylene Blue, Malachite Green, Metanil Yellow, and Congo Red for 60 minutes contact time. FINDINGS: Nano-copper oxide is successfully synthesized using macroalgae Sargassum sp. proved by wavelength of ultra violet-visual spectroscopy results at 300 nanometer and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis that denotes the presence of copper at 0.93 and 8.04 kilo electron volt. It has been verified that the inclusion of Sargassum sp. has effectively facilitated the production of nano-copper oxide. The findings from X-ray diffraction analysis reveal that the crystallite size of the nano-copper oxide measures approximately 19.5 nanometers. Adding nano-copper oxide as much as 2.0 weight percent into cellulose acetate membrane reduces membrane crystalline index from 88.6 percent to 85.7 percent but gives benefit in increasing the anti-bacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The adsorption capacity is enhanced for Methylene Blue and Malachite Green dyes, whereas it is diminished for Metanil Yellow and Congo Red dyes. CONCLUSION: Sargassum sp. was effectively employed as a reducing agent to synthesize nano-copper oxide, with an optimal concentration of 5.0 grams for achieving green synthesis. The copper metal obtained through green synthesis exhibits a spherical morphology and possesses an average crystallite size of approximately 19.5 nanometers. It has a percentage atomic weight of 60.6 percent. Introducing nano-copper oxide by 2.0 weight percent into bacterial cellulose acetate membrane reduces the crystalline index from 88.6 percent to 85.7 percent. The rise in nano-copper oxide content within the cellulose acetate membrane leads to a proportional increase in the membrane's antibacterial properties. Additionally, the adsorption of cationic dye in cellulose acetate composite is enhanced, while the adsorption of anionic dye is diminished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, we produced low cost SrFeO3-δ perovskite with antibacterial properties. In this study to improve the antibacterial properties of SrFeO3-δ perovskite, we doped it with silver. Ag+ nanoparticles on the surface of the Sr1-xAgxFeO3-δ perovskite samples were prepared by sol-gel method. Structural properties of these samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), high-resolution TEM (HR-TEM), EDS elemental mapping and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). These techniques confirmed the presence of small amount of cubic Ag spherical nanoparticles on the surface of the cubic Sr1-xAgxFeO3-δ perovskite structure. Further, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for these samples revealed the presence of Ag1+ ions, oxygen vacancies and mixed valence states of Fe ions on the surface of the samples. The energy band gap of these samples was estimated using Kubelka–Munk equation and its value increased with increasing Ag up to x = 0.10. Additionally, Magnetic hysteresis (M − H) loops revealed that these samples displayed antiferromagnetic behavior with a small amount of ferromagnetic order. Finally, the antibacterial properties of these samples revealed that the antimicrobial activities were improved with increasing Ag (x = 0.10). Our results showed that Ag+ nanoparticles on the surface of the Sr1-xAgxFeO3-δ perovskite samples are a promising antimicrobial agent. Highlights: Ag+ nanoparticles on the surface of the Sr1-xAgxFeO3-δ perovskite samples was prepared. Ag+ nanoparticles on the surface of the perovskite samples were identified by XRD, TEM, SAED, HR-TEM, EDS elemental mapping and FTIR results. The present samples showing powerful activity to fight both of tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four ester cationic Gemini surfactants (EDQ‐n, n represents the carbon number in the raw fatty acid of 12, 14, 16 and 18) were synthesized from fatty acid, N, N‐dimethylethanolamine and 1, 4‐dibromobutane by two‐step reaction of esterification and quaternization. Their surface activities at air/water interface were investigated. The application performance such as water solubility, antistatic property, fabric softness, fabric whiteness, biodegradability, and antibacterial activities were tested and compared with traditional quaternary ammonium salt. The results showed that the γcmc increases with increasing the hydrophobic chain length and EDQ‐12 presented the highest surface activity. The diffusion coefficients calculated from the Ward‐Tordai equation indicates the adsorption process is a mixed‐diffusion kinetic adsorption mechanism. The water solubility of EDQ‐n is higher than dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (D1821) and ester quaternary ammonium salt (Esterquats). The fabric softness and whiteness properties of EDQ‐16 and EDQ‐18 are similar to D1821 and Esterquats, which can significantly reduce the cotton fabric softness and have no significant difference in whiteness retention. EDQ‐n demonstrated more readily biodegradation(>90 %) than D1821(0 %) after seven days. In addition, EDQ‐12 and EDQ‐14 show excellent antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in comparison with conventional bacteriostatic agent didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperbranched polyethyleneimine having 25,000 Da molecular weight was functionalized by a simple sulfopropylation reaction, affording a novel N‐sulfopropylated PEI derivative (PEI‐SO3−). The successful introduction of N‐sulfopropyl and sulfobetaine groups to the amino groups of PEI was spectroscopically confirmed. Furthermore, the antibacterial and anti‐cyanobacterial activity of PEI‐SO3− in comparison to the parent PEI were investigated on two type heterotrophic bacteria, i. e., Gram (−) Escherichia coli and Gram (+) Staphylococcus Aureus bacteria, and one type of autotrophic cyanobacterium, i. e. Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Both PEI‐SO3− and PEI showed an enhanced, concentration‐dependent antibacterial and anti‐cyanobacterial activity against the tested bacteria strains, with PEI‐SO3− exhibiting higher activity than the parent PEI, signifying that the introduction of the sulfopropyl and sulfobetaine groups to the PEI amino groups enhanced the antibacterial and the anti‐cyanobacterial properties of PEI. In the case of cyanobacteria, PEI‐SO3− was found to affect the integrity of the photosynthetic system by the inhibition of Photosystem‐II electron transport activity. Cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility studies revealed that PEI‐SO3− exhibits high biocompatibility, suggesting that PEI‐SO3− could be considered as an attractive antibacterial and anti‐cyanobacterial candidate for various applications in the disinfection industry and also against the harmful cyanobacterial blooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infective diseases are becoming more popular, and managing them has become a great worry for humanity. A rubber nanocomposite based on nitrile butadiene rubber with graphene oxide (NBR/GO) and GO/nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) (NBR/GO/MMT) was fabricated by a simple technique, roll milling. The synergistic influence of the existence of GO, clay, and electron beam (EB)-radiation on the NBR nanocomposites was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT–IR) techniques to study the mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties. The antibacterial activity of the prepared rubber nanocomposites was estimated via the disk diffusion process against Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus lentus, and Gram-negative bacteria ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis. The results demonstrated that the physico-mechanical performance was significantly reinforced by incorporating nano GO (6 phr) and clay with GO (3 phr/6 phr. NBR films have no antibacterial potential. GO increases the antibacterial efficiency of the NBR films. NBR/3% GO/3% clay film is the most effective in reducing bacterial growth and B. subtilis was the most sensitive bacteria for rubber treatments. The inhibition zone diameters of the un-irradiated and irradiated NBR/3% GO/3% clay films for B. subtilis were 18.03 ± 0.59 and 25.63 ± 0.98 mm, respectively. It could be concluded that because of its outstanding flexibility and human-body compatibility penetration, rubber in corporation with antimicrobial agents can be utilized for manufacturing medical and environmental products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton fabrics with zinc oxide (ZnO) coating are of significant interest due to their excellent antibacterial performance. Thus, they are widely in demand in the textile industry due to their medical and hygienic properties. However, conventional techniques used to deposit ZnO on fabric require long processing times in deposition, complex and expensive equipment, and multiple steps for deposition, such as a separate process for nanoparticle synthesis and subsequent deposition on fabric. In this study, we proposed a new method for the deposition of ZnO on fabric, using cathodic cage plasma deposition (CCPD), which is commonly used for coating deposition on conductor materials and is not widely used for fabric due to the temperature sensitivity of the fabric. The effect of gas composition, including argon and a hydrogen–argon mixture, on the properties of ZnO deposition is investigated. The deposited samples are characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, photocatalytic, and antibacterial performance against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. It is observed that ZnO-deposited cotton fabric exhibits excellent photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and antibacterial performance, specifically when a hydrogen–argon mixture is used in CCPD. The results demonstrate that CCPD can be used effectively for ZnO deposition on cotton fabric; this system is already used in industrial-scale applications and is thus expected to be of significant interest to garment manufacturers and hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of hydrophobic and antibacterial functionalities into polyester‐cotton blended (PTCO) textiles has attracted more attention but remains a challenge. Here, a Janus fabric with antibacterial effect, hydrophobicity, and enhanced moisture‐permeability is fabricated using a “mist polymerization” approach. The PET fibers in the PTCO fabric are amino‐functionalized through ammonolysis reactions of PET molecules with HDA, and mist treatments of poly lauryl methacrylate (PLMA) and poly(DMC‐co‐MA) (PDM) are applied on the two side surfaces of the PTCO‐HDA fabric, respectively. The resulting Janus fabric exhibits an antibacterial rate of 99.9% against both E. coli and S. aureus, along with a hydrophobic property on its single side (PTCO‐HDA@PLMA). Additionally, the establishment of a surface‐free energy gradient across the fabric confers superior moisture‐permeability to the Janus fabric, offering advantages in preserving textile comfort. Moreover, this approach does not significantly compromise the original fabric properties, such as mechanical strength, moisture permeability, and fabric softness. The proposed method offers a straightforward and scalable strategy for textile finishing, demonstrating great potential in expanding the application scope of PTCO fabrics, and it may hold a pivotal role in diverse applications, notably encompassing home textiles, wound dressings, and high‐performance sportswear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Blending modification is used to improve the hemocompatibility of cellulose acetate (CA) dialysis membranes while endowing the CA membrane with endotoxin scavenging and antibacterial capabilities. First, polydopamine (PDA) and polyethylenimine (PEI) are used as negatively charged and positively charged moieties, respectively, together with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to construct mixed charge CNCs (PEI‐PDA@CNCs). Then PEI‐PDA@CNCs is blended with the CA casting solution, and the modified CA dialysis membrane is prepared through a phase inversion process. Through biocompatibility, adsorption, antibacterial, and filtration experiments, various properties of PEI‐PDA@CNCs modified CA membrane (PDCA) are systematically tested. The results show that the PDCA membrane exhibited good blood compatibility and noncytotoxicity. At the same time, the PDCA membrane has antibacterial properties and excellent endotoxin adsorption capacity. Compared with the CA membrane, the clearance rates of PDCA membrane for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli reach 54.0% ± 1.5% and 52.9% ± 5.9% respectively. In the dynamic adsorption experiment, the adsorption capacity of PDCA membrane for endotoxin increases to 2322.1 ± 45.9 EU/g. The research results indicate that PEI‐PDA@CNC‐modified multifunctional CA membrane with endotoxin adsorption and antibacterial properties has potential application prospects in the fields of hemodialysis and blood purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of antibacterial packaging materials is an effective way to delay fruit rotting and spoilage, thereby minimizing economic losses and health hazards. Natural antibacterial agents, especially essential oils, are often selected as antibacterial components in antibacterial packaging materials, due to their excellent antibacterial properties. However, their low water solubility, poor stability, and easy volatility result in materials containing them having poor mechanical properties and short antibacterial efficacy time. Therefore, in this work, the citral loaded Pickering emulsion was prepared using chitosan and self-made carboxymethyl glucan self-assembled nanoparticles as emulsifier. Then, composite films with good transparency, excellent mechanical properties and long-term antibacterial properties for fruits packaging were prepared from chitosan (CS), carboxymethyl-glucan(CMG), poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA), and Pickering emulsion(PE)by solvent casting strategy. Pickering emulsion has a protective effect on citral, which not only improves the compatibility of citral in composite film substrate, but also extends the antibacterial time of packaging materials. In this experiment, the transparency of the antibacterial composite film containing Pickering emulsion(CS-CMG-PVA-PE1)was 84%, the tensile strength was 32 MPa, and the elongation at break was 130%. More importantly, the composite polymer solution can be dipped directly on fruits as a coating for food storage to improve food shelf life, substantially expanding its ease of use and scope of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing threat from antibiotic-resistant bacteria has necessitated the development of novel methods to counter bacterial infections. In this context, the application of metallic nanoparticles (NPs), especially gold (Au) and silver (Ag), has emerged as a promising strategy due to their remarkable antibacterial properties. This review examines research published between 2006 and 2023, focusing on leading journals in nanotechnology, materials science, and biomedical research. The primary applications explored are the efficacy of Ag and Au NPs as antibacterial agents, their synthesis methods, morphological properties, and mechanisms of action. An extensive review of the literature on NPs synthesis, morphology, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and effectiveness against various Gram(+/−) bacteria confirms the antibacterial efficacy of Au and Ag NPs. The synthesis methods and characteristics of NPs, such as size, shape, and surface charge, are crucial in determining their antibacterial activity, as these factors influence their interactions with bacterial cells. Furthermore, this review underscores the urgent necessity of standardizing synthesis techniques, MICs, and reporting protocols to enhance the comparability and reproducibility of future studies. Standardization is essential for ensuring the reliability of research findings and accelerating the clinical application of NP-based antimicrobial approaches. This review aims to propel NP-based antimicrobial strategies by elucidating the properties that enhance the antibacterial activity of Ag and Au NPs. By highlighting their inhibitory effects against various bacterial strains and relatively low cytotoxicity, this work positions Ag and Au NPs as promising materials for developing antibacterial agents, making a significant contribution to global efforts to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Natural dyes are a group of dyes with high fastness with plant and animal sources which play effective roles in traditional dyeing. Eco-friendly nature, beautiful and attractive colors, and economic issues have resulted in the significance of using natural dyes, in spite of the production of various chemical dyes. One of the most important problems in using natural dyes instead of harmful chemical dyes is the huelimitation and sometimes the high cost of dyeing plants. Rosa damascene mill residue is a waste material that is produced and disposed of in a large volume during rose gleaning operations, which costs significantly for the rose gleaning industry of Kashan. Furthermore, the surface of textiles with natural fibers, including handwoven carpets, in the presence of moisture and heat, is exposed to the growth and proliferation of bacteria, and this leads to problems in the durability, appearance and hygiene of the goods. In this research, in addition to evaluating the color characteristics and light fastness of wool dyed with aqueous and alcoholic extract of the rose water residue, the comparison of their antibacterial effects on two Grampositive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria has also been investigated. Materials and Methods Rosa damascene mill residue, obtained from Kashan damask rose essential water extraction, was used as a dye. In addition, Iranian woolen yarn with a 4.5 metric number and 65 twists per meter were applied. Considering that the extraction of the effective substance in plants depends on the type of solvent used, three different solvents--water, ethanol, and methanol--were used to prepare rose petal extract; the aforementioned fibers were dyed with the extracted dyes using the simultaneous mordant method with the Aluminum and potassium double sulfate. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts were prepared by percolation and return methods in Soxhlet apparatus, respectively. For this purpose, dyeing bath with L: R=1:50 containing natural fibers, 3% oxalic acid, 5% dentate and 30% dye was used. The dyeing processes for both baths continued for 90 minutes in Bain Marie device. Color parameters (a*, b*, L*), color strength (K/S), the reflectance spectrum (R) were performed by spectro-photometric method, and the antibacterial property of each dyed fiber was evaluated with aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic dye extracts. On the other hand, the lightingfastness of the dyed fibers was measured according to the 2010 ISO 105-B01 standard by the blue standard. To measure the antibacterial property, 0.03 grams of each of fibers dyed with the desired dyes were soaked in 1500 microliters of serum containing Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria for 24 hours. Then, by dilution method in plates, Nutrient agar was cultured and colonies were counted. Quantification of the active substance of rosa damascene mill residue (cyaniding diglucoside) in the extracts was done using HPLC analysis. Results and Findings The reflective spectro-photometric evaluations of the samples showed that the woolen yarn dyed with the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the rose petals, obtained from rose extract, had positive a* and b* levels, which indicated the red and yellow undertones of the dyed samples. Among these, the reddest tone belonged to the sample dyed with the methanolic extract of the mentioned dye. The numerical results agree with the visual qualitative evaluations in the optical cabinet. The evaluation of the color strength of wool dyed with aqueous and alcoholic extracts of primary petals and the rose petals residue showed that the methanol extract of the dye could create the highest color strength on the wool fibers, which indicated the high percentage of the dye in this extract. In addition, the comparison of the color strength of the primary petal and the residue of the rose flower showed that the rose flower residue obtained from rose essential water extraction had the same color strength as the primary petal. Therefore, using it as a dye was more economical than the first flower petal. The evaluation of lighting fastness showed that the samples dyed with the ethanolic extract of the mentioned dyes had less paleness and more lighting fastness after light irradiation than the aqueous and methanolic extracts. However, in general, all four samples had acceptable lighting fastness. Antibacterial properties of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of rose flower residue were measured by measuring the average diameter of the no-growth halo for two types of bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that the alcoholic extracts of rose petals, especially its ethanolic extract, showed more antibacterial power, which indicated the presence of higher amounts of effective phenolic and phenolic compounds in this extract. In addition, the calculation of the inhibition percentage of the growth of bacteria on the dyed fibers showed that although all the extracts used provided good antibacterial properties to the woolen yarn, the wool dyed with the ethanolic extract showed a significant inhibition percentage for both types of bacteria, because of the higher anthocyanin content of this extract. HPLC analysis showed a total number of four different anthocyanins: cyanidin 2-glucoside, anthocyanin delphinidin 3-glucoside, pelargoidin and malvinidin in rose petals, which were responsible for the red color and antibacterial properties of rose petals, which are in good agreement with scientific reports. Conclusion In this article, the comparison of the color characteristics and antibacterial properties of woolen yarn dyed with aqueous and alcoholic extracts of rosehip waste, obtained from rose water, was discussed. Spectro-photometric evaluations of the samples dyed with the waste extracts of the rose flower and the primary petal confirmed the red and yellow tones created. Also, the color strength of these two dyes did not show significant difference. Although anthocyanin dyes generally do not show high fastness, the light fastness of dyed samples with dye extracts was acceptable. The findings of this study suggest the use of the dye extracted from the waste of rose water as a suitable antibacterial dye on natural fibers, which can be effective in preventing and treating infectious diseases caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The reason for this is the presence of significant amounts of cyanidin diglucoside and phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins, which were proven by the phytochemical analyses carried out in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research study, various nanocomposites, namely Dy 2 O 3 , Sm 2 O 3 , HAP/Dy 2 O 3 , HAP/Dy 2 O 3 /GO, and HAP/Sm 2 O 3 /GO, were extensively examined and analyzed. The primary focus was on the development of advanced biomaterials with improved mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial activity. The investigation involved the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques to observe the distinctive nanorods of hydroxyapatite (HAP) within the ternary nanocomposite. The SEM micrographs yielded an average size of 69 ± 22 * 19 ± 4 nm for the HAP nanorods, accompanied by an average roughness measurement of 10.5 nm. The TEM analysis provided further insights into the distribution of HAP and Sm 2 O 3 within graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, revealing HAP particles measuring 20 nm in size and 65 nm in length, and Sm 2 O 3 particles measuring 6 nm in size. To evaluate the biocompatibility of the newly developed ternary nanocomposite, HAP/Dy 2 O 3 /GO, osteoblast cells were employed. The results showed a minor decrease in cell viability, with a measured percentage of cell viability at 97.5 ± 2.1 %. Furthermore, the HAP/Dy 2 O 3 /GO nanocomposite exhibited notable antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria, as indicated by inhibition zones measuring 15.3 ± 0.8 mm and 15.9 ± 1.1 mm, respectively. The unique composition of HAP/Dy 2 O 3 /GO demonstrated enhanced roughness parameters and improved biocompatibility due to its altered topological features. Additionally, its remarkable antibacterial activity and robust mechanical strength establish HAP/Dy 2 O 3 /GO as a promising candidate for further investigation as a biomaterial for bone implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current review of tea and its parts is focused on the antibacterial properties, considering the possible applications and modes of action against bacterial illnesses. It shows the backdrop of antibiotic resistance and the huge demand for antibacterial treatments out there. From the interactions with bacterial components, the theory presented that tea polyphenols are antibacterial and therefore would be a substitute or supplementary therapy to the usual antibiotics. The study highlighted the role of tea polyphenols as potential antibacterial compounds that may interact with various bacterial components and different polyphenolic compounds occurring in tea. Future research directions may be directed toward testing more plant-based sources for antibacterial properties, in vivo validation of the studies, and possible synergistic effects with classical antibiotics. By addressing the controversies and disagreements involved, the present understanding of the topic of tea's antibacterial properties and enable the entry of new ways for fighting microorganisms resistant to antibiotics. In conclusion, this review adds to the growing body of evidence regarding the antimicrobial properties of tea and emphasizes the need for further studies that will allow the full exploitation of its therapeutic potential for countering the rising problem of antibiotic resistance in healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic wounds complicated by infection pose significant clinical challenges, necessitating comprehensive treatment approaches. The widespread use of antibiotics has led to resistant microorganisms, complicating traditional therapies. This study aims to develop and evaluate modified alginate wound dressings with enhanced antimicrobial and regenerative properties. Alginate dressings were synthesized with silver nanoparticles, cefepime, and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). The two-stage therapy involved an initial antibacterial dressing followed by a regenerative dressing. In vitro tests demonstrated high antibacterial activity, with maximum inhibition zones for P. aeruginosa (41.3 ± 0.4 mm) and S. aureus (36.6 ± 1.8 mm). In vivo studies on rats with purulent wounds showed significant healing progression in the experimental group. Histological analysis revealed complete re-epithelialization, thicker neoepithelium, dense collagen deposition, and minimal inflammation in treated wounds. These findings suggest that the modified alginate dressings significantly enhance the reparative process and are promising for treating chronic infected wounds in both veterinary and medical practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doping of brushite cements with metal ions can entail many positive effects on biological and physicochemical properties. Cu2+ ions are known to exhibit antibacterial properties and can additionally have different positive effects on cells as trace elements, whereas high Cu2+ concentrations are cytotoxic. For therapeutical applications of bone cement, a combination of good biocompatibility and sufficient mechanical properties is required. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate different physicochemical and biological aspects, relevant for application, of a brushite cement with Cu2+‐doped β‐tricalcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate monohydrate and phytic acid as setting retarder. Additionally, the ion release was compared with a cement with citric acid as setting retarder. The investigated cements showed good injectability coefficients, as well as compressive strength values sufficient for application. Furthermore, no antibacterial effects were detected irrespective of the Cu2+ concentration or the bacterial strain. The cell experiments with eluate samples showed that the viability of MC3T3‐E1 cells tended to decrease with increasing Cu2+ concentration in the cement. It is suggested that these biological responses are caused by the difference in the Cu2+ release from the hardened cement depending on the solvent medium. Furthermore, the cements showed a steady release of Cu2+ ions to a lesser extent in comparison with a cement with citric acid as setting retarder, where a burst release of Cu2+ was observed. In conclusion, despite the anticipated antibacterial effect of Cu2+‐doped cements was lacking and mammalian cell viability was slightly affected, Cu2+‐concentrations maintained the physicochemical properties as well as the compressive strength of cements and the slow ion release from cements produced with phytic acid is considered advantageous compared to citric acid‐based formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gallium (Ga), a low‐melting‐point liquid metal with soft, metallic, and biocompatible properties, offers many possibilities. However, the potential of composites that integrate Ga with biomacromolecules, combining their biocompatibility, elasticity, and conductivity, has not been thoroughly explored, which is a gap for advancing these composites in various applications. In parallel and independently, protein self‐assembled l.,;3bhnanofibrils have attracted great interest as building blocks for functional biomaterials. Here, composites of Ga droplets and nanofibrils are presented, self‐assembled from plant proteins of soy protein isolate (SPI). It is evidenced that in these composites self‐assembled SPI nanofibrils can effectively reduce the oxidation of Ga droplets. It is observed that the composites of β‐sheet nanofibrils and Ga droplets offer mechanical properties similar to only fibrils‐based films. Films of 32 wt% Ga in SPI showed enhanced electrical conductivity and well‐structured nanofibrils with multifunctional potential in gas‐sensing and electronically controlled antibacterial applications. It is illustrated that the 32 wt% Ga in SPI composite offered the best sensing performance for a diatomic molecule, CO, and electro‐stimulation of this composite effectively reduced bacterial growth. The Ga in SPI composite, combining the advantages of protein nanofibrils and Ga droplets, offers great potential in future biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial infection is one of the most problematic issues for human health and the resistance of bacteria to traditional antibiotics is a matter of huge concern. Therefore, research is focusing on the development of new strategies to efficiently kill these microorganisms. Recently, melanin is starting to be investigated for this purpose. Indeed, this very versatile material presents outstanding photothermal properties, already studied for photothermal therapy, which can be very useful for the light-induced eradication of bacteria. In this review, we present antibacterial melanin applications based on the photothermal effect, focusing both on the single action of melanin and on its combination with other antibacterial systems. Melanin, also thanks to its biocompatibility and ease of functionalization, has been demonstrated to be easily applicable as an antimicrobial agent, especially for the treatment of local infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Antibiotics are crucial in various scientific fields, including human and veterinary medicine, and are widely utilized medicinal compounds. Ciprofloxacin is a widely used antibiotic in the treatment of infections, most of which is excreted unmetabolized and finally enters water sources through the discharge of sewage and effluents. Even at low concentrations, ciprofloxacin in sewage and effluents can cause ecological harm and pose significant risks to human health. It is crucial to devise effective solutions for the removal of this antibiotic. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are a promising method for the future removal of antibiotics, particularly in aquatic solutions, due to their potential to effectively remove ciprofloxacin. This study investigated the antibacterial and catalytic activity of synthesized magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) (Fe3O4) in removing ciprofloxacin. Materials and methods: In this experimental research, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were prepared using the co-precipitation method. The nanoparticles were then examined for their physical and structural characteristics using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and BET technique. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were initially synthesized, and their properties were determined. We performed separate investigations to assess the effectiveness of various methods for removing ciprofloxacin. This included evaluating ultrasound alone (US), hydrogen peroxide alone, magnetite nanoparticles alone (MNPs), and combinations such as ultrasound with hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide with magnetite nanoparticles, and magnetite nanoparticles with ultrasound. All tests were conducted under the same conditions. The first step assessed the catalytic activity of synthesized nanoparticles for ciprofloxacin through the Fenton process. In this study, experimental parameters such as Fe3O4 catalyst dosage, initial pH of the solution, Hydrogen peroxide concentration, reaction time, and initial antibiotic concentration were investigated. In the second step, the antibacterial efficacy of synthesized nanoparticles against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was determined via the Broth Macro dilution method. Results: The examination of the characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles showed that the average size of magnetite nanoparticles is approximately 20-30 nm. TEM results confirmed that the synthesized nanoparticles have a uniform size and structure. The combined process of MNPs/hydrogen peroxide/US exhibited the highest removal efficiency at 88.36%. This high efficiency can be attributed to the direct effect of the reaction between Fenton agents and ultrasonic waves, leading to the generation of numerous hydroxyl radicals. The maximum removal of ciprofloxacin was achieved in 0.5 g/L catalyst, pH=3, five mM hydrogen peroxide concentration, 550 W ultrasonic power, and 60 min reaction time. For Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the Minimum Inhibitory and Minimum bactericidal concentrations were 3.125, 6.25, and 1.56, 3.125 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Synthesized iron magnetite nanoparticles have high antibacterial properties against bacterial strains and many catalytic properties in the Sono Fenton process to remove ciprofloxacin, so this process can be an effective method for eliminating hospital and pharmaceutical wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of pressure ulcers, associated with increased temperature and moisture in specific areas of the body, and the risk of microbial infections in patients lying in a static position for prolonged periods of time represents a serious issue in medicine. In order to prevent the formation of pressure ulcers, this work aims to present advanced nanostructured coatings developed by three research groups. Nanometric silver, ash and functionalized torrefied biomass were the basis for the treatment of wound dressings to improve thermal conductivity and antimicrobial properties of the conventional cotton gauzes. Each treatment was performed according to its own optimized method. The treated fabrics were characterized in terms of antimicrobial properties, heat transfer, morphology and hydrophobic behavior. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the deposition treatments also in synergistic actions. In particular, the antibacterial efficacy was improved in all the samples by the addition of silver treatment, and the thermal conductivity was enhanced by around 58% with nanometric ashes. A further step of the study involved the designing of two multilayer systems evaluated using circuit models for determining the total thermal conductivity. In this way, both systems were designed with the aim to guarantee simultaneous efficacy: high antibacterial and hydrophilic properties at the skin level and more hydrophobic and conductive behaviors toward the external environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to synthesize a novel elastomeric ligature with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) grafted, providing a new strategy for improving the issue of enamel demineralization during fixed orthodontics. DMAHDM was incorporated into elastomeric ligatures at different mass fractions using ultraviolet photochemical grafting. The antibacterial properties were evaluated and the optimal DMAHDM amount was determined based on cytotoxicity assays. Moreover, tests were conducted to evaluate the in vivo changes in the mechanical properties of the elastomeric ligatures. To assess the actual in vivo effectiveness in preventing enamel demineralization, a rat demineralization model was established, with analyses focusing on changes in surface microstructure, elemental composition, and nanomechanical properties. Elastomeric ligatures with 2% DMAHDM showed excellent biocompatibility and the best antibacterial properties, reducing lactic acid production by 65.3% and biofilm bacteria by 50.0% within 24 h, without significant mechanical property differences from the control group (p > 0.05). Most importantly, they effectively prevented enamel demineralization in vivo, enhancing elastic modulus by 73.2% and hardness by 204.8%. Elastomeric ligatures incorporating DMAHDM have shown great potential for application in preventing enamel demineralization, providing a new strategy to solve this issue during fixed orthodontics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to prepare chitosan-coated pomelo peel flavonoid microcapsules with antibacterial properties, chitosan was used as the wall material for the purpose of coating the core material, pomelo peel flavonoids. The pH of the microcapsule crosslinking reaction was 7.5, the mass ratio of the microcapsule core material to the wall material was 1:1, and the concentration of the emulsifier was 1%. The microcapsules obtained under these preparation conditions exhibited superior performance, morphology, and dispersion. Additionally, the yield and coating rates were recorded at 22% and 50%, respectively. To prepare the paint film, the microcapsules were added into the coatings at varying concentrations of 0%, 3.0%, 6.0%, 9.0%, 12.0%, and 15.0%. The antibacterial efficacy of the paint film for both bacteria was progressively enhanced with the incorporation of microcapsules. The antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus was observed to be higher than that against Escherichia coli. As the content of microcapsules increased, the color difference in the paint film increased, the gloss loss rate increased, and the light transmission rate reduced. The tensile property and elongation at break reduced, and the roughness increased. At a microcapsule content of 6.0%, the paint film exhibited superior overall performance, with an antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus of 46.3% and 56.7%, respectively. The color difference was 38.58. The gloss loss rate was 41.0%, the light transmission rate was 90.4%, and the paint film exhibited a large elastic region, with an elongation at break of 21.5% and a roughness of 1.46 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two types of microcapsules were added to the coating separately. The specifications of the poplar board were 50 mm × 50 mm × 8 mm. The antibacterial rate of the poplar board surface gradually increased with the increase in the microcapsule content, and the antibacterial activity for Staphylococcus aureus was slightly higher than that against Escherichia coli. Influenced by the change in the wood grain's color on the poplar board itself, both microcapsules had no significant effect on the chromaticity value and color difference of the poplar board surface, as well as the reflectance of the visible light band. The glossiness decreased with the increase in the microcapsule content, and the gloss loss rate increased with the increase in the microcapsule content. With the increase in the microcapsule content, the hardness of the poplar board surface in both groups increased slightly, and the roughness increased gradually. The adhesion of the poplar board surface coating with melamine-resin-coated pomelo peel flavonoid microcapsules was slightly reduced, and the impact resistance was not significantly affected. Chitosan-coated pomelo peel flavonoid microcapsules had no significant effect on the adhesion of the poplar board surface coating, and the impact resistance increased slightly when the content of microcapsules was higher. Comprehensively, the poplar board coating with 9.0% chitosan-coated pomelo peel flavonoid microcapsules had a better overall performance, with antibacterial activities for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus of 70.6% and 77.6%, respectively. The color difference was 6.70, the gloss loss rate was 53.9%, the reflectivity was 50.60%, the hardness was H, the adhesion was grade 1, the impact resistance was grade 2, and the roughness was 2.10 μm. The results provide technical references for the application of antibacterial microcapsules of pomelo peel flavonoids on the surface of wood materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AlxYB2O3 [(6-x–Y)P2O5]TeO3 (x = 3, 2, 1, and Y = 2.5, 1.5, and 0.5) was synthesised by the sol–gel autocombustion method and calcinated at 800 °C for 2 h. The ultraviolet–visible study shows maximum absorbance at ~ 264 nm with optical band gaps ranging from 4.21 to 4.24 eV. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the body-centred cubic (BCC) structure, with an average particle size of 21.63–25.77 nm. The glass nanomaterials have a total composition appearance; their granular morphological shape was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM and EDS); and their porous nanorods were exhibited by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The incorporation of TeO3 units into the glass network is associated with the depolymerisation of borophosphate chains influenced by aluminium, as revealed by the Raman spectra. The glass nanomaterial acts as a conducting material because of its dielectric loss. As well, the application of the various antimicrobial and anticancer activities for compound concentrations (x = 1 and Y = 0.5) is strongly inhibiting the growth of the human cervical cancer cell line HeLa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Currently, the scientific search for alternative materials and methods for combating pathogens of infectious diseases is an important area of research. Carbon materials are one of the promising types of materials exhibiting antimicrobial and antifungal properties. The aim of the study is to investigate the antibacterial properties of modified carbon sorbents and initial modifiers in relation to some types of pathogenic microorganisms. The objects of the study were carbon sorbent samples before and after modification with biologically active substances with antibacterial properties: salicylic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, tributyrin. The samples of carbon sorbents under study were obtained at the Center of New Chem- ical Technologies BIC. The following strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were used as experimental models: Staphylococcus aureus АТСС 25923; Pseudomonas aeruginosa АТСС 27853; Klebsiella pneumoniae 418; Esherichia coli АТСС 25922. Results. The highest sensitivity of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was established for a carbon sor- bent modified with tributyrin. The absence of growth of the studied test strains of microorganisms was observed after 2 hours of incubation of the «sample-microorganism» mixture.

To investigate the application of lemongrass essential oil in extending the shelf life of pickle. This study used lemongrass essential oil as the core material, sodium carboxymethyl starch and sodium caseinate as wall materials to prepare lemongrass essential oil microcapsules, and examined the effects of the mass ratio of sodium carboxymethyl starch to sodium caseinate on physicochemical properties, microscopic morphology, thermal stability, and others of lemongrass essential oil microcapsules. Furthermore, the effects of microencapsulation on the chemical composition of the essential oil and the antibacterial activity against major pathogenic bacteria in pickle was evaluated. Results showed that when the mass ratio of sodium carboxymethyl starch to sodium caseinate was 1:5 and 1:9, there was no significant difference in the essential oil encapsulation rate (P>0.05), which was 98.29% and 96.90%, respectively. The appearance was spherical and blocky. With the increasing sodium caseinate content, the micropores on the surface of the microcapsules gradually decreased, and the cavities became smaller. The thermogravimetric curves showed that the temperature corresponding to the maximum weight loss rate of microcapsules was increased with the increasing casein content, reaching a maximum of 314.27 ℃, while that of pure essential oil was only 106.27 ℃. Gas chromatgraphy-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results showed that essential oil microcapsulation treatment retained multiple antibacterial ingredients of essential oils such as nerol (34.69%), geranyl acetate (27.41%), linalool (5.65%) and caryophyllene (6.50%). This conferred lemongrass essential oil microcapsules strong antibacterial properties against the main spoilage bacteria Bacillus subtilis in pickle and Staphylococcus epidermidis, the bacteria that cause packaging bags to bulge, with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 97.66 µg/mL for Bacillus subtilis and 195.31 µg/mL for Staphylococcus epidermidis, and the maximum bactericidal concentration of 1562.5 µg/mL for both bacteria. In summary, it is feasible to use sodium carboxymethyl starch and sodium caseinate as encapsulating agents to prepare lemongrass essential oil microcapsules, with a desirable inhibitory effect on the main spoilage bacteria in pickle. This research would provide a new perspective for further exploring the application of lemongrass essential oil in extending the shelf life of pickle.

Antimicrobial resistance is a serious challenge for medicine and society as a whole. Among the bacteria that pose the greatest threat to human health due to their growing antibiotic resistance are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. The main reasons behind this problem are the misuse of antibiotics and lack of new antimicrobials, which are difficult to develop due to the complexity of the mechanisms of microbial infections and their limited weak points. Moreover, the process of developing new drugs requires significant time and financial resources. The purpose of this article was to analyse the antibacterial properties of three tellurium derivatives against infections caused by E. coli, S. aureus and Salmonella spp. Materials and methods. During the experiment, we studied the antimicrobial activity against the abovementioned bacteria of the following organotellurium compounds of original synthesis that have not been previously described in literature: dioxyrocyclo-[4-methylphenyl] tellurochloride, 3-chloromethyl-dioxisinrocyclophenyl tellurochloride, and ethyltellurobenzal-[2-methoxy-3,5-dichloro] aniline. As a criterion for the microorganism’s sensitivity to organotellurium compounds, inhibition zone diameter was used. The paper applied the serial dilution method and the disk diffusion method. Results. The study of the three heterocyclic tellurium derivatives in various concentrations revealed a significant antibacterial effect of dioxyrocyclo-[4-methylphenyl] tellurochloride, whose minimum suppressive and minimum inhibitory concentrations against the bacteria in question we were able to determine. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for E. coli and S. aureus were 18.60 and 1.35 µg/ml, respectively. Disk diffusion showed that the inhibition zones range between 3 and 6 mm. E. coli and S. aureus strains were particularly sensitive to this compound. Ethyltellurobenzal-[2-methoxy-3,5-dichloro] aniline failed to produce a positive effect against E. coli, S. aureus and Salmonella spp. at any regimen, while 3-chloromethyl-dioxisinrocyclophenyl tellurochloride demonstrated moderate antimicrobial activity at a relatively low bacterial load.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nanoparticles are presently employed in a multitude of applications due to their advantageous features, which encompass simplicity, non-toxicity, affordability, lack of pollutants, and environmentally friendly process. Utilization of Sargassum sp extract for producing nano-copper oxide is environmentally friendly. The study demonstrates the synthesis of nano-copper oxide facilitated by the macroalgae Sargassum sp. and its application in functionalizing cellulose acetate membrane to enhance dye adsorption capacity. The objective of the current study is to assess the properties of the green synthesis product of nano-copper oxide by employing Sargassum sp. macroalgae and its functionalized cellulose acetate membrane for the purpose of dye adsorption.METHODS: The preparation of Sargassum sp. extract involved utilizing quantities of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 grams, which were subsequently combined with a copper sulphate solution to yield nano-copper oxide. Nano-copper oxide was characterized using ultra violet-visual spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope - energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and fourier transform infrared techniques. Nano-copper oxide was introduced to bacterial acetate produced from pineapple peel waste to make a composite membrane and observed the antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus, and dye adsorption to Methylene Blue, Malachite Green, Metanil Yellow, and Congo Red for 60 minutes contact time.FINDINGS: Nano-copper oxide is successfully synthesized using macroalgae Sargassum sp. proved by wavelength of ultra violet-visual spectroscopy results at 300 nanometer and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis that denotes the presence of copper at 0.93 and 8.04 kilo electron volt. It has been verified that the inclusion of Sargassum sp. has effectively facilitated the production of nano-copper oxide. The findings from X-ray diffraction analysis reveal that the crystallite size of the nano-copper oxide measures approximately 19.5 nanometers. Adding nano-copper oxide as much as 2.0 weight percent into cellulose acetate membrane reduces membrane crystalline index from 88.6 percent to 85.7 percent but gives benefit in increasing the anti-bacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The adsorption capacity is enhanced for Methylene Blue and Malachite green dyes, whereas it is diminished for Metanil Yellow and Congo Red dyes.CONCLUSION: Sargassum sp. was effectively employed as a reducing agent to synthesize nano-copper oxide, with an optimal concentration of 5.0 grams for achieving green synthesis. The copper metal obtained through green synthesis exhibits a spherical morphology and possesses an average crystallite size of approximately 19.5 nanometers. It has a percentage atomic weight of 60.6 percent. Introducing nano-copper oxide by 2.0 weight percent into bacterial cellulose acetate membrane reduces the crystalline index from 88.6 percent to 85.7 percent. The rise in nano-copper oxide content within the cellulose acetate membrane leads to a proportional increase in the membrane's antibacterial properties. Additionally, the adsorption of cationic dye in cellulose acetate composite is enhanced, while the adsorption of anionic dye is diminished.

To explore the extraction process of mycosporine amino acids (MAAs) and the antibacterial mechanism of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the effects of liquid-solid ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time on the yield of MAAs were analyzed by single factor and response surface optimization tests, and MAAs were isolated and identified by silica gel column chromatography, HPLC and ESI-MS. The antibacterial mechanism of MAAs against Vibrio parahaemolyticus was analyzed by scanning and fluorescence microscopy to observe the leakage of intracellular nucleic acids and proteins, and DNA decomposition. The results showed that the optimal extraction parameters of MAAs of Ulva lactuca was liquid-solid ratio of 25 mL/g, extraction temperature of 40 ℃ and extraction time of 118 min, and the yield of MAAs was 179.34±3.91 mg/g. MAAs significantly destroyed the cell membrane of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, causing the leakage of nucleic acid and proteins, and promoting the breakdown of DNA in the bacteria. MAAs were isolated by silica gel column chromatography to obtain two fractions, and the fraction H2 was identified as shinorine, and the content in Ulva lactuca dry powder could reach 10.32 mg/g. This study provides a technical reference for the preparation of MAAs of Ulva lactuca and the biological control of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Background and purpose: Antibiotics are crucial in various scientific fields, including human and veterinary medicine, and are widely utilized medicinal compounds. Ciprofloxacin is a widely used antibiotic in the treatment of infections, most of which is excreted unmetabolized and finally enters water sources through the discharge of sewage and effluents. Even at low concentrations, ciprofloxacin in sewage and effluents can cause ecological harm and pose significant risks to human health. It is crucial to devise effective solutions for the removal of this antibiotic. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are a promising method for the future removal of antibiotics, particularly in aquatic solutions, due to their potential to effectively remove ciprofloxacin. This study investigated the antibacterial and catalytic activity of synthesized magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) (Fe3O4) in removing ciprofloxacin. Materials and methods: In this experimental research, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were prepared using the co-precipitation method. The nanoparticles were then examined for their physical and structural characteristics using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and BET technique. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were initially synthesized, and their properties were determined. We performed separate investigations to assess the effectiveness of various methods for removing ciprofloxacin. This included evaluating ultrasound alone (US), hydrogen peroxide alone, magnetite nanoparticles alone (MNPs), and combinations such as ultrasound with hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide with magnetite nanoparticles, and magnetite nanoparticles with ultrasound. All tests were conducted under the same conditions. The first step assessed the catalytic activity of synthesized nanoparticles for ciprofloxacin through the Fenton process. In this study, experimental parameters such as Fe3O4 catalyst dosage, initial pH of the solution, Hydrogen peroxide concentration, reaction time, and initial antibiotic concentration were investigated. In the second step, the antibacterial efficacy of synthesized nanoparticles against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was determined via the Broth Macro dilution method. Results: The examination of the characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles showed that the average size of magnetite nanoparticles is approximately 20-30 nm. TEM results confirmed that the synthesized nanoparticles have a uniform size and structure. The combined process of MNPs/hydrogen peroxide/US exhibited the highest removal efficiency at 88.36%. This high efficiency can be attributed to the direct effect of the reaction between Fenton agents and ultrasonic waves, leading to the generation of numerous hydroxyl radicals. The maximum removal of ciprofloxacin was achieved in 0.5 g/L catalyst, pH=3, five mM hydrogen peroxide concentration, 550 W ultrasonic power, and 60 min reaction time. For Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the Minimum Inhibitory and Minimum bactericidal concentrations were 3.125, 6.25, and 1.56, 3.125 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Synthesized iron magnetite nanoparticles have high antibacterial properties against bacterial strains and many catalytic properties in the Sono Fenton process to remove ciprofloxacin, so this process can be an effective method for eliminating hospital and pharmaceutical wastewater.

ABSTRACTThe use of non-toxic and eco-friendly natural dyes on textiles has received much attention due to the increased environmental awareness to avoid some hazardous synthetic dyes. In the present study, an eco-friendly approach was developed to impart colour and antibacterial properties to cotton fabrics dyed with Justicia schimperiana leaf extract as a non-toxic natural colourant. The solvent method of extraction and exhaust dyeing method was used for this study. Copper sulphate, ferrous sulphate, and alum were applied in a simultaneous -mordanting process as a mordanting agent. The effects of shade percentage, dyeing temperature, and dyeing time on the obtained colour strength of the fabrics were investigated. Optimisation of dyeing conditions was carried out using Box Behnken design of expert software. An optimum level of 3. 28 colour strength (K/S) was observed in the sample treated with a shade percentage of 50 (% o.w.f), 72 °C dyeing temperature, and 45 minutes of dyeing time. Antibacterial properties of treated fabrics were evaluated against common pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative). The results indicated the treated fabrics possessed desirable antibacterial properties. The washing and rubbing fastness of the dyed fabrics were also reported.

[Display omitted] Bacterial infection of biomedical implants is an important clinical challenge, driving the development of novel antimicrobial materials. The antibacterial effect of vertically aligned graphene as a nanoarray coating has been reported. In this study, vertically aligned graphene nanosheets decorated with silver nanoparticles were fabricated to enhance antibacterial effectiveness. Vertical graphene (VG) nanoflakes were synthesized by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Ag nanoparticles were attached to the surface of VG through using polydopamine and achieving a sustained release of Ag+. VG loaded with Ag nanoparticles (VGP/Ag) not only prevented bacterial adhesion for a long time, but also exhibited good biocompatibility. This work provides a new venue for designing antibacterial surfaces based on combination of graphene nanoarrays with other nanomaterials, and the results indicate that this approach could be very successful in preventing implant associated infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Persistent inflammation and bacterial infection commonly occur during the wound healing process, necessitating urgent development of effective strategies for treating drug-resistant bacterial infections. In this study, bismuth vanadate (BiVO 4) was successfully synthesized as an antibacterial agent that promotes wound healing. Through In vitro antibacterial experiments, it was observed that the prepared BiVO 4 exhibited excellent performance in catalyzing H 2 O 2 to produce hydroxyl radicals (OH) at a lower concentration (0.2 mg mL−1), resulting in significant antibacterial effects against Gram-negative Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases-Producing Escherichia coli (ESBL- E. coli) strains. Furthermore, biosafety tests, cell scratch experiments, and ESBL- E. coli infected wound rat model experiments demonstrated high biocompatibility of BiVO 4 with a cell survival rate exceeding 85 %. Additionally, BiVO 4 promoted the production of vascular endothelial growth factors and fibroblasts migration while contributing to collagen production, effectively facilitating immune reconstruction at the wound site. By integrating peroxidase (POD)-like under acidic conditions (pH 4) and catalase (CAT)-like catalytic activities at under neutral conditions (pH 7), BiVO 4 exhibited the ability to activate free radical sterilization and accelerate wound healing by activating O 2. Therefore, our findings provide evidence for a dual enzyme regulatory mechanism involving antibacterial properties and promotion of wound tissue reconstruction for potential application in both antibacterial treatment and wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceramic membranes based on SiC have a number of advantages, namely high surface hydrophilicity, good water permeability and negative surface charge, which leads to better performance during their operation, but they require high sintering temperatures due to covalent bonds. The use of sintering agents can significantly reduce the final sintering temperature. The aim of this work was to synthesise ceramic membranes based on silicon carbide and to study the effect of liquid glass on their mechanical, electrical and antibacterial properties. The physicochemical properties of SiC ceramic membranes were investigated by diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that, regardless of the type of carbonate, only two phases are identified: the main phase of the initial mixture, silicon carbide and the phase added to the mixture, corundum. The obtained SiC ceramic membranes are macroporous, as indicated by the transport properties (9.03–18.66 cm3/(min-cm2)) and the results of electron microscopy (13–20 μm). SiC ceramic membranes obtained are characterised by high strength (16.3–46.8 MPa). Studies of antibacterial properties have shown that SiC-based ceramic membranes do not exhibit antibacterial properties, but modification of ceramic membranes with titanium oxide inhibits the growth of gram-negative bacteria. The results of this study are useful for enriching the knowledge about the production of silicon carbide membranes and are aimed at further research and development of selective membranes (micro- and ultrafiltration) based on them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigated the physicochemical properties and biological activities of green-synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) via Moringa peregrina extract, graphene oxide (GO), and their composite (CuO–GO). SEM revealed the morphology and structure, indicating polygonal CuO NPs, thin wrinkled sheets of GO, and a combination of CuO NPs and GO in the nanocomposite. EDS confirmed the elemental composition and distribution. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline monoclinic structure of CuO NPs and GO, as well as their composite, CuO–GO, with characteristic peaks. DLS analysis exhibited distinct size distributions, with CuO NPs showing the narrowest range. BET surface area analysis revealed mesoporous structures for all materials, with the nanocomposite showing enhanced surface area and pore volume. Anticancer assays on MCF-7 and normal NIH/3T3 cells demonstrated CuO–GO's superior cytotoxicity against cancer cells, with minimal effects on normal cells, suggesting selective cytotoxicity. Moreover, antibacterial assays against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus indicated CuO–GO's potent inhibitory activity. The composite's synergistic effects were evidenced by its lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) compared to individual components. In conclusion, this study elucidated the promising biomedical applications of CuO NPs, GO, and their nanocomposite, particularly in cancer treatment and antibacterial therapies, showcasing their potential as multifunctional nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Nanotechnology has contributed important innovations to medicine and dentistry, and has also offered various applications to the field of orthodontics. Intraoral appliances must function in a complex environment that includes digestive enzymes, a diverse microbiome, mechanical stress, and fluctuations of pH and temperature. Nanotechnology can improve the performance of orthodontic brackets and archwires by reducing friction, inhibiting bacterial growth and biofilm formation, optimizing tooth remineralization, improving corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of metal substrates, and accelerating or decelerating orthodontic tooth movement through the application of novel nanocoatings, nanoelectromechanical systems, and nanorobots. This comprehensive review systematically explores the orthodontic applications of nanotechnology, particularly its impacts on tooth movement, antibacterial activity, friction reduction, and corrosion resistance. A search across PubMed, the Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar yielded 261 papers, of which 28 met our inclusion criteria. These selected studies highlight the significant benefits of nanotechnology in orthodontic devices. Recent clinical trials demonstrate that advancements brought by nanotechnology may facilitate the future delivery of more effective and comfortable orthodontic care.

Objective To investigate the physicochemical and biological properties of a new calcium sulfate-based root canal sealer for deciduous teeth containing calcium sulfate hemihydrate, barium sulfate, chlorhexidine acetate, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400). Methods This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee. The calcium sulfate hemihydrate and barium sulfate powders with different mass percentages were mixed with liquid PEG 400 at a powder-to-liquid ratio of 3∶1, and chlorhexidine acetate was added to a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL according to the volume of PEG 400. The above materials were mechanically ground at 250 r/min for 24 h to obtain a calcium sulfate-based root canal sealer for deciduous teeth. The sealer was classified into different groups according to mass percentages of components. The mass percentages of components were optimized by performing time, fluidity, and radiopacity experiments, and then the pH, mass loss in vitro, and microscopic morphology of the optimal sealer were evaluated. The antimicrobial properties of the sealer were evaluated by a bacterial-material cocultivation method. The cytocompatibility of the sealer was evaluated by a CCK-8 assay and cytomorphological staining, and its biocompatibility was evaluated by a subcutaneous tissue embedding assay. Results After optimization, mass percentage of calcium sulfate hemihydrate was 80 wt%, and the mass percentage of barium sulfate was 20 wt%. The flowability and radiopacity of the sealer were in accordance with international standards. The pH stabilized between 6-7. On the 7th and 14th days, the pH in the water group was significantly greater than that in the PBS group (PP>0.05). In vitro degradation experiments, the mass loss of the sealer was approximately 15.17% during the preimmersion period, and rate of mass loss decreased after 3 weeks, reaching only approximately 8.33%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the main component of the sealer after hydration was calcium sulfate dehydrate. In bacterial growth assays and cytological tests, the sealer showed significant inhibition of the growth of E. faecalis (PPP>0.05). Both the sealer group and the control group (Vitapex and zinc oxide eugenol) caused mild inflammatory reactions in tissue sections. Conclusion In this study, a new type of root canal sealer for deciduous teeth was designed based on calcium sulfate, which has good physicochemical properties and strong antibacterial properties and meets biocompatibility requirements. This study provides an idea for the development of a new type of root canal sealer for deciduous teeth.

Worldwide, burns are the fourth most frequent type of injury. The treatment of burn wounds requires a lot of experience and an interdisciplinary approach including both surgical treatment and pharmacological wound care. The most common management of burn wounds is debridement and wound closure through the use of skin grafts. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the hemostatic and antibacterial effects of the commercially available Tromboguard® foam dressing with an active layer containing alginates and chitosan. The site of application of the product was the donor fields for skin grafts. Findings proved that a polyurethane foam dressing with an active chitosan-alginate layer is a useful option for achieving rapid hemostasis, antimicrobial protection and effective healing at split-thickness skin graft donor sites. Substances present in the active layer promote clot formation and the wound healing process.

Researchers are increasingly focusing on green synthesis methods for silver nanoparticles due to their cost-effectiveness and reduced environmental impact. In this study, we utilized an edible bird's nest (EBN), a valuable economic resource, as the primary material for synthesizing silver nanoparticles using only water as the solvent. Metabolite profiling of the EBN extract was conducted using LC-QTOF-MS in positive mode (ESI+), revealing the presence of lipids, glycosides, peptides, polysaccharides, and disaccharides. Upon the addition of silver nitrate to the aqueous EBN extract, noticeable color changes from transparent to brown indicated the successful formation of AgNPs. Subsequent characterization of these silver nanoparticles involved UV-Visible spectroscopy, which revealed an absorption peak at 421 nm. Further characterization was carried out using FESEM, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, and EDX analysis. The involvement of phenolic agents, proteins, and amino acids in reducing the silver particles was confirmed. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited a spherical shape, and a particle size ranging from 10 to 20 nm. The presence of elemental silver was confirmed by a strong, intense peak around 3 keV in the EDX spectrum. To assess their potential, the antibacterial properties of the silver nanoparticles against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated using the agar diffusion method.

Nanotechnology has contributed important innovations to medicine and dentistry, and has also offered various applications to the field of orthodontics. Intraoral appliances must function in a complex environment that includes digestive enzymes, a diverse microbiome, mechanical stress, and fluctuations of pH and temperature. Nanotechnology can improve the performance of orthodontic brackets and archwires by reducing friction, inhibiting bacterial growth and biofilm formation, optimizing tooth remineralization, improving corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of metal substrates, and accelerating or decelerating orthodontic tooth movement through the application of novel nanocoatings, nanoelectromechanical systems, and nanorobots. This comprehensive review systematically explores the orthodontic applications of nanotechnology, particularly its impacts on tooth movement, antibacterial activity, friction reduction, and corrosion resistance. A search across PubMed, the Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar yielded 261 papers, of which 28 met our inclusion criteria. These selected studies highlight the significant benefits of nanotechnology in orthodontic devices. Recent clinical trials demonstrate that advancements brought by nanotechnology may facilitate the future delivery of more effective and comfortable orthodontic care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]