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In this research, silver-loaded biochar (C-Ag) was acquired from a waste fish scale, and nanocellulose (CNF) was prepared from the waste wheat stalk. Then C-Ag was loaded into chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel (CTS-PVA) with CNC as a reinforcement agent, and a novel nanocomposite material was acquired, which could be efficiently applied for antibacterial and dye removal. By plate diffusion analysis, the inhibition areas of C-Ag-CTS-PVA-CNF (C/CTS/PVA/CNF) hydrogel against E. coli ATCC25922, S. aureus ATCC6538, and P. aeruginosa ATCC9027 could reach 22.5 mm, 22.0 mm, and 24.0 mm, respectively. It was found that the antibacterial rate was 100% in the water antibacterial experiment for 2 h, and the antibacterial activity was more than 90% within 35 days after preparation, and the antibacterial rate was more than 90% after repeated antibacterial tests for five times. Through swelling, water adsorption, water loss rate, and water content tests, the hydrogel manifested good moisturizing properties and could effectually block the loss of water and improve the stability of the C/CTS/PVA/CNF hydrogel. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were built, and the adsorption capacity of hydrogel to dye was analyzed, and the dye removal was more consistent with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The best removal effect for Congo red was 96.3 mg/g. The C/CTS/PVA/CNF hydrogel had a remarkable removal efficacy on Malachite green, Methyl orange, Congo red, and Methylene blue. As a result, the C/CTS/PVA/CNF hydrogels had robust antibacterial properties and reusability. In addition, the present research developed a facile strategy for effectual dyes removal from the aqueous medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dandelion extract is a reducing agent, and CuSO4∙5H2O was used as a carrier to create copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). A novel polyvinyl alcohol–chitosan–dandelion–CuNP (PVA/CTS/DAN/CuNP) gel was acquired by cross-linking Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CTS) solution. Its structure was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The PVA/CTS/DAN/CuNP gels manifested good stability, recycling ability, swelling properties, and biocompatibility. Using the agar diffusion method, the diameters of the inhibition zone of the composite gel against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa could be over 21 mm. In conclusion, the PVA/CTS/DAN/CuNP composite gel had good antibacterial performance, which has a high potential for application in microbial contamination treatment and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common problem for Zn alloys is the trade-off between antibacterial ability and biocompatibility. This paper proposes a strategy to solve this problem by increasing release ratio of Ca2+ ions, which is realized by significant refinement of CaZn13 particles through bottom circulating water-cooled casting (BCWC) and rolling. Compared with conventionally fabricated Zn-0.3Ca alloy, the BCWC-rolled alloy shows higher antibacterial abilities against E. coli and S. aureus, meanwhile much less toxicity to MC3T3-E1 cells. Additionally, plasticity, degradation uniformity, and ability to induce osteogenic differentiation in vitro of the alloy are improved. The elongation up to 49 %, which is the highest among Zn alloys with Ca, and is achieved since the sizes of CaZn13 particles and Zn grains are small and close. As a result, the long-standing problem of low formability of Zn alloys containing Ca has also been solved due to the elimination of large CaZn13 particles. The BCWC-rolled alloy is a promising candidate of making GBR membrane.

Gastric ulcers accompanied by acute or chronic bleeding represent a significant risk of fatality. However, the development of effective strategies for achieving rapid hemostasis and wound healing in gastric ulcer bleeding represents a formidable challenge. To address this challenge, thrombin‐derived C‐terminal peptide (TCP‐25) is employed as a targeted agent, and it is incorporated into two novel injectable and biocompatible carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCs) hydrogels via Schiff's base reaction. The TCP‐25 peptide hydrogels display optimal adaptability within the distinctive gastrointestinal microenvironment, demonstrating a balance of acid resistance and degradation, along with controlled release and bioactivity, and good bio‐adhesive properties. Both in vitro and in vivo reveal that the hydrogel achieves rapid hemostasis. In an ethanol‐induced gastric ulcer model in rats, it demonstrates that the hydrogel effectively inhibits gastric ulcer bleeding by 92% within 24‐h, exhibiting efficacy that surpasses that of omeprazole medicine, a commonly used clinical treatment. This enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of the CMCs hydrogel and TCP‐25 peptide in effectively achieving hemostasis, inhibiting bacterial growth, and promoting gastric wound healing in acute or chronic bleeding gastric ulcers. Consequently, the present work offers promising clinical applications for rapid hemostasis and wound healing in gastric ulcers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, superhydrophobic magnesium (Mg) alloys are extensively investigated due to their promising applications in corrosion protection and resistance to bacterial adhesion. However, superhydrophobic surfaces may not be conducive to the osteogenic effect of the coated Mg alloys, which limits their clinical application as implants. Herein, the lauric acid (LA)/MoS 2 /Hydroxyapatite (HA) (LMH) superhydrophobic composite coatings were synthesized on AZ31B Mg alloy by hydrothermal process and hydrophobic treatment. The coated Mg alloy had favorable superhydrophobicity, as evidenced by a contact angle measurement of approximately 151.8°. After 3 min of ultrasonic treatment, the contact angle of the coated Mg alloy decreased from 151.8° to 63.5°, which was attribute to the sonothermal effect that changes the surface energy of the coating, hereby removing the air layer at the superhydrophobic interface. Compared to the bare Mg alloy, the electrochemical impedance of the LMH-2.0 superhydrophobic composite coating increased by two orders of magnitude to 89.611 ± 0.593 kΩ cm2. In vitro antibacterial tests showed that the antibacterial efficiency of LMH-2.0 superhydrophobic coating against both S. aureus and E. coli is more than 99% with the assistance of ultrasonic. Meanwhile, the cell fluorescence staining experiments exhibited that the superhydrophobic coating featuring convertible wettability exhibited promising early cell growth and adhesion. The superhydrophobic coatings with wettability transition on magnesium alloys are expected to be ideal modification coatings for degradable implant materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of side-chain derived quaternary ammonium (QA) N-chloramines (10-14) were designed and synthesized using commercial 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH) as raw matesial, and the structures of precursors and corresponding N-chloramines were characterized. The antibacterial activity of chloramines 10-14 was preliminarily tested using Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) as model strains, and N-chloramine 1 as control. The results showed that antibacterial ability of 10-13 increased and then declined with the length of side chain increased. Namely, tributyl QA N-chloramine 12 with KL of 1. 07±0. 09 and 6. 49 against S.aureus and E.coli, exhibited relatively higher antibacterial efficacy, possibly due to the preferable hydrophilic-lipophilic characteristic required for efficient contact killing. Furthermore, hydroxyethyl counterpart 14 achieved total killing of S.aureus and E.coli, demonstrating the towering antibacterial capability among N-chloramines 10-14, which may be attributed to its facile transportation across bacterial cell membrane. The series of efficacious N-chloramine disinfectants prepared in this work provide reference for the development of more efficient ionic N-chloramine antibacterial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The textile industry causes heavy environmental pollution owing to the use of synthetic dyes and/or finishing agents; bioactive compounds extracted from agricultural or food wastes can provide a sustainable alternative. One such waste is aronia leaves (AL), and as Aronia plants have medicinal properties, AL can be used for textile coloring as well as for improving the properties of the treated fabrics. Hence, in this study, Aronia melanocarpa fruit (AF) and AL were used as coloring and/or functionalizing agents in the sustainable processing of wool and cotton fabrics. The AF and AL extracts were prepared under non-toxic aqueous conditions and applied to fabrics using an exhaustion method. The coloring properties and functionalities of the treated fabrics, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and UV-protective properties, were determined. Mordanting with the AL extract enhanced the coloring and colorfastness of the wool fabric when dyed with the AF extract. However, cotton was verified to be a more suitable substrate than wool in terms of functionalities owing to its higher antibacterial ability (≥99.9% bacterial reduction against both Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae), antioxidant capacity (75.9%), and UV-protective properties (98.2%). The study can provide a basis for exploring and identifying alternatives to the potentially harmful coloring and functionalizing agents currently used in textile production to reduce water pollution sourced from the textile industry. Highlights: The utility of Aronia melanocarpa leaves and fruits to dye and functionalize fabrics is investigated. Wool and cotton fabrics were biomordanted with Aronia leaf extract and dyed with Aronia fruit extract. Treated fabrics were analyzed to identify their coloring and functionalizing properties. Treated fabrics exhibit strong antibacterial, antioxidant and UV-protective properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To maintain the freshness of food, it is crucial to explore environmentally friendly preservation methods with a focus on safety. Chitosan, a natural coating for fruits, is often used in combination with other materials to enhance its ability to delay browning and prevent fungal diseases. This study focused on the synthesis of a novel chitosan‐based nanocomposite by incorporating Piper betle L. leaf extract (PE) and magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MNPs). The characteristics of the obtained products were analyzed using infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The mechanical strength of chitosan/PE/MNPs (CSTM) films was evaluated, and the uniformity of the CSTM films was assessed using optical microscopy and FESEM. The antibacterial activity of CSTM films against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was tested using the diffusion method on agar wells. Additionally, the swelling behavior of CSTM films was measured. The findings demonstrated that these CSTM films exhibited resistance to S. aureus, making them potentially efficient for chili preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A novel composite wound dressing hydrogel by incorporating single‐walled carbon nanotubes and indocyanine green into a dual‐crosslinked hydrogel through Schiff base reaction was developed. The objective was to prevent wound infection and enhance the thermal effect induced by laser energy. The hydrogel matrix was constructed using oxidized gelatin, pre‐crosslinked with calcium ions, along with carboxymethyl chitosan, crosslinked via Schiff base reaction. Optimization of the blank hydrogel's gelation time, swelling index, degradation rate, and mechanical properties was achieved by adding 0.1% SWCNT and 0.1% ICG. Among them, the SWCNT‐loaded hydrogel BCG‐SWCNT exhibited superior performance overall: a gelation time of 102 s; a swelling index above 30 after equilibrium swelling; a degradation rate of 100.5% on the seventh day; and a compressive modulus of 8.8 KPa. It displayed significant inhibition against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in wounds. When combined with laser energy usage, the composite hydrogel demonstrated excellent pro‐healing activity in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bioinertness, poor antibacterial properties, and weak osseointegration of polyether‐etherketone (PEEK) limit its clinical application as oral implants. In this study, it is developed a personalized and customizable PEEK implant with multifunctional capabilities through sequential 3D printing, surface sulfonation (SPEEK), and modification using a drug‐loaded photocured hydrogel composed of acrylic acid‐acrylamide (AA‐AM) containing simvastatin‐cefepime (SIM‐CFP). The modified implant, referred to as SCHSPEEK, mimics the structure of biomimetic periodontal ligament (PDL) fibers. The chemical composition, surface characteristics, and biological properties of SCHSPEEK both in vitro and in vivo are systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that hydrogel modification not only enhances hydrophilicity and reduces surface roughness and friction coefficient, but also improves biocompatibility, drug release, and antibacterial efficacy. Importantly, SCHSPEEK exhibits a significant improvement in osseointegration capacity in vivo. These findings highlight the potential of SCHSPEEK implants to serve as promising orthopedic and dental implants in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel strategy was developed to prepare the methacrylic gelatin-dopamine (GelMA-DA)/Ag nanoparticles (NPs)/graphene oxide (GO) composite hydrogels with good biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and antibacterial activity. Mussel-inspired DA was utilized to modify the GelMA molecules, which imparts good adhesive performance to the hydrogels. GO, interfacial enhancer, not only improves mechanical properties of the hydrogels, but also provides anchor sites for loading Ag NPs through numerous oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface. The experimental results show that the GelMA/Ag NPs/GO hydrogels have good biocompatibility, and exhibit a swelling rate of 202±16%, the lap shear strength of 147±17 kPa, and compressive modulus of 136± 53 kPa, in the case of the Ag NPs/GO content of 2 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity of the hydrogels against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria is dependent on the Ag NPs/GO content derived from the release of Ag+. Furthermore, the GelMA/Ag NPs/GO hydrogels possess good adhesive ability, which is resistant to highly twisted state when stuck on the surface of pigskin. These results demonstrate promising potential of the GelMA-DA/Ag NPs/GO hydrogels as wound dressings for biomedical applications in clinical and emergent treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We constructed a sodium alginate/soy protein isolate/chitosan gel system and incorporated silver nanoparticles reduced by capsaicin into the system, forming a sodium alginate–soy protein isolate–chitosan–capsaicin–silver nanoparticle composite gel (SA/SPI/CTS/CAP/Ag). In tests, the SA/SPI/CTS/CAP/Ag gel exhibited excellent antimicrobial properties. Using the agar diffusion method, the inhibition zone diameter for Staphylococcus aureus was determined to be 29.5 mm. Soy protein isolate (SPI), containing a large number of hydrophobic amino acid residues, effectively enhanced the moisture retention capability of the gel and improved its stability to a certain extent at an appropriate addition concentration. In a milk preservation experiment, the SA/SPI/CTS/CAP/Ag gel significantly extended the shelf-life of the milk. In dye adsorption experiments, the adsorption curve of the SA/SPI/CTS/CAP/Ag gel well fitted a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. It showed a degree of adsorption capacity for methylene blue, malachite green, methyl orange, and Congo red, with the most significant adsorption effect for malachite green being 42.48 mg/g. Considering its outstanding antimicrobial performance, preservation ability, and adsorption capacity, the SA/SPI/CTS/CAP/Ag gel holds significant potential in wastewater treatment and as an antimicrobial gel in the exploration of food preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomimetics provides guidance to design and synthesize advanced catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Herein, jellyfish-inspired Fe clusters on carbon nanotubes connected with CuNC (Fe@CNT@CuNC) were designed and prepared by using zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-8 precursors to imitate the organic texture and function of jellyfish. The antibacterial effect of Cu+ ions depressed the growth of cathode biofilm to ensure rapid mass transport. Fe clusters and CuNC connected by CNTs accelerated the electron transfer from Fe to CuNC. The optimization of oxygen adsorption was caused by electron redistribution between sites of Fe and Cu. Jellyfish-like catalysts achieved a half-wave potential of 0.86 V and onset potential of 0.95 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). MFCs gained the maximum power density of 1600 mW·m−2 after 500 h measurement. This work provides insights into the special design of advanced catalysts based on bio-inspiration and biomimetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenolic compounds are widely known for its well‐reduced behavior and surprisingly appeared in many leaf extracts, including Psidium guajava (P. guajava) leaf. This leaf extract has been confirmed as an efficiency reducing agent to reduce Ag(I) ions to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This work focused on the development of a "green" synthesis of nanosilver‐hydrotalcite nanoparticles (HT‐AgNPs) based on the bio‐reduction of the P. guajava leaf extract and the application of HT‐AgNPs as an antibacterial material. To assess factors affecting on synthesis process of the HT‐AgNPs, experiments have been carried out with a fixation of HT/AgNO3 precursors while varying concentration of P. guajava leaf extract as well as solvent for the extraction. The methods, including ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X‐Ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to characterize the HT‐AgNPs. The yield of reduction process of Ag(I) ions to AgNPs on HT reached 55.12 to 90.55 % depending on the content of AgNO3 precursor. In particular, the antibacterial activity of HT‐AgNPs against to E. coli and S. aureus was also assessed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional Ti-based implants are vulnerable to postsurgical infection and improving the antibacterial efficiency without compromising the osteogenic ability is one of the key issues in bone implant design. Although zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods grown on Ti substrates hydrothermally can improve the antibacterial properties, but cannot meet the stringent requirements of bone implants, as rapid degradation of ZnO and uncontrolled leaching of Zn2+ are detrimental to peri-implant cells and tissues. To solve these problems, a lattice-damage-free method is adopted to modify the ZnO nanorods with thin calcium phosphate (CaP) shells. The Ca and P ions from the CaP shells diffuse thermally into the ZnO lattice to prevent the ZnO nanorods from rapid degradation and ensure the sustained release of Zn2+ ions as well. Furthermore, the designed heterostructural nanorods not only induce the osteogenic performances of MC3T3-E1 cells but also exhibit excellent antibacterial ability against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria via physical penetration. In vivo studies also reveal that hybrid Ti-ZnO@CaP5 can not only eradicates bacteria in contact, but also provides sufficient biocompatibility without causing excessive inflammation response. Our study provides insights into the design of multifunctional biomaterials for bone implants. • A lattice-damage-free method is adopted to modify the ZnO nanorods with thin calcium phosphate (CaP) shells. • The dynamic process of Ca and P diffusion into the ZnO lattice is analyzed by experimental verification and theoretical calculation. • The degradation rate of ZnO nanorods is significantly decreased after CaP deposition. • The ZnO nanorods after CaP deposition can not only sterilize bacteria in contact via physical penetration, but also provide sufficient biocompatibility and osteogenic capability without causing excessive inflammation response.. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel chitosan crosslinked amidoxime polyacrylonitrile aerogel was synthesized and used for adsorption of uranium from seawater. The effects of initial uranium concentration, contact time, and pH value on uranium adsorption were investigated. The simulated uranium solution adsorption experiment shows that under the condition of an initial uranium concentration of 100 mg/L, the maximum adsorption capacity of CTS-g-PAO is 203.4 mg/g. The adsorption process can be well-fitted by Freundlich and Pseudo-second order models. In addition, CTS-g-PAO aerogel has good antibacterial activity against marine bacteria, with the antibacterial activity reaching 94.8%. The results demonstrated that CTS-g-PAO aerogel was an effective adsorbent for extracting uranium from seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial infection and impaired angiogenesis make the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) extremely challenging. Cationic polymers are expected to treat infected wounds due to their excellent antibacterial properties, but still, it is difficult to meet the therapeutic needs of pro‐angiogenesis and anti‐infections due to their simple construction units and outmoded synthesis methods. Herein, a cationic poly(pentahydropyrimidine) (PPHP) library with strong modifiability is synthesized to construct a hybrid hydrogel with synergistic therapeutic effects for the treatment of infected DFUs. It is found that the as‐synthesized hybrid hydrogel can up‐regulate angiogenesis‐related gene (HIF‐1, VEGF, and bFGFR/bFGF) expression and targeted disruption of bacterial cell membranes, which finally promotes the healing of infected DFU (wound healing rate: 92%) within 10 days. This hydrogel, thus, holds great promise in developing new strategies to significantly enhance the treatment of DFU and other bacterial‐infected pathological diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the effects of dietary Cr on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity response, insulin signaling pathway, and glucose-lipid metabolism in juvenile oriental river prawns (Macrobrachium nipponense). Moreover, the study also evaluated the optimal dietary Cr required for supplementation in juvenile oriental river prawns. Five semi-purified experimental diets were prepared by adding 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 mg Cr kg−1 diet to a basal diet resulting into 0.74, 1.07, 1.35, 1.87 and 2.51 mg Cr kg−1 diets, respectively. The results showed that the prawns fed on 1.35 mg Cr kg−1 had significantly higher growth performance and triglyceride content, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and antioxidant capacity activities (P

Abstract Background The effects of a low concentration of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) mouthwash on salivary bacteria remained unclear. We aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effects of 100 ppm HOCl mouthwash on salivary bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), in patients with periodontal disease (PD). Methods Patients with PD were randomized into mouthwash-only (MW, n = 26) and mouthwash with periodontal flosser (MWPF, n = 27) groups. Patients without PD were selected for the control group (n = 30). S. aureus culture and saliva samples (before and after the intervention) were collected for bacterial DNA extraction. A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and serial dilutions of S. aureus culture and saliva samples were used to measure the salivary bacteria total count (SBTC) and confirm the antibacterial effects of the mouthwash using S. aureus. Results No significant difference in demographic data was observed among the three groups. Before the intervention, the baseline SBTC of the MW and MWPF groups was significantly higher than that of the control group. After the mouthwash rinses, the SBTC data significantly changed in the MW and MWPF groups only (by 62.4% and 77.4%, respectively). After the base-2 log-transformation of the SBTC data, a similar trend was observed. Linear regression revealed that baseline SBTC and the MWPF intervention significantly affected SBTC reduction percentage by volume. After incubation with 10% (v/v) of mouthwash, the survival rates of 106 and 107 colony-forming units/mL of S. aureus were 0.51% ± 0.06% and 1.42% ± 0.37%, respectively. Conclusions These study results indicated that 100 ppm HOCl mouthwash treatment could effectively reduce SBTC in patients with PD and the abundance of S. aureus. It provides that the HOCl mouthwash can be an option for individuals to help control SBTC, especially in patients with PD. Trial registration The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUHIRB-F(I)-20200042) on 20/03/2020 and retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT05372835) on 13/05/2022.

Wound healing has become one of the basic issues faced by the medical community because of the susceptibility of skin wounds to bacterial infection. As such, it is highly desired to design a nanocomposite hydrogel with excellent antibacterial activity to achieve high wound closure effectiveness. Here, based on ultrasound-triggered piezocatalytic therapy, a multifunctional hydrogel is designed to promote bacteria-infected wound healing. Under ultrasonic vibration, the surface of barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) nanoparticles embedded in the hydrogel rapidly generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) owing to the established strong built-in electric field, endowing the hydrogel with superior antibacterial efficacy. This modality shows intriguing advantages over conventional photodynamic therapy, such as prominent soft tissue penetration ability and the avoidance of serious skin phototoxicity after systemic administration of photosensitizers. Moreover, the hydrogel based on N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]acrylamide (THM), N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMH) and oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA) exhibits outstanding self-healing and bioadhesive properties able to accelerate full-thickness skin wound healing. Notably, compared with the widely reported mussel-inspired adhesive hydrogels, OHA/THM-APMH hydrogel due to the multiple hydrogen bonds from unique tri-hydroxyl structure overcomes the shortage that catechol groups are easily oxidized, giving it long-term and repeatable adhesion performance. Importantly, this hybrid hydrogel confines BT nanoparticles to wound area and locally induced piezoelectric catalysis under ultrasound to eradicate bacteria, markedly improving the therapeutic biosafety and exhibits great potential for harmless treatment of bacteria-infected tissues.

This work describes the fabrication of CuO-ZnO (CZO) and CuO-ZnO/g-C3N4 (CZO/GCN) nanocomposite via an expeditious and cost-effective co-precipitation approach. The prepared nanomaterials have been characterized with XPS, TEM, elemental mapping, SEM with EDX, XRD, and FT-IR. Morphological analysis proves that the synthesized CZO/GCN nanocomposite shows nanospheres decorated with a nanosheet-like structure. The antimicrobial ability of the CZO and CZO/GCN nanocomposite has been evaluated using the well-diffusion method. Compared to Gram-positive bacterial and fungal strains, excellent activity has been noted for Gram-negative bacterial strains. The synthesized CZO/GCN nanocomposite tested against MDA-MB-231 epithelial human breast cancer cell line at various concentrations. It shows cytotoxicity activity at an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 124.4 μg/ml. The results prove that the synthesized CZO/GCN nanocomposite demonstrates a new and effective route for the development of biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Rapid corrosion and bacterial infection are obstacles to put into use biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloy as biomedical materials. In this research, an amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC)@curcumin (Cur) loaded poly-methyltrimethoxysilane (PMTMS) coating prepared by self-assembly method on micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coated Mg alloy has been proposed. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are adopted to analyze the morphology and composition of the obtained coatings. The corrosion behaviour of the coatings is estimated by hydrogen evolution and electrochemical tests. The spread plate method without or with 808 nm near-infrared irradiation is applied to evaluate the antimicrobial and photothermal antimicrobial ability of the coatings. Cytotoxicity of the samples is tested by 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-2,5-di- phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) and live/dead assay culturing with MC3T3-E1 cells. Results show that the MAO/ACC@Cur-PMTMS coating exhibited favourable corrosion resistance, dual antibacterial ability, and good biocompatibility. Cur was employed as an antibacterial agent and photosensitizer for photothermal therapy. The core of ACC significantly improved the loading of Cur and the deposition of hydroxyapatite corrosion products during degradation, which greatly promoted the long-term corrosion resistance and antibacterial activity of Mg alloys as biomedical materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effects of a low concentration of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) mouthwash on salivary bacteria remained unclear. We aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effects of 100 ppm HOCl mouthwash on salivary bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), in patients with periodontal disease (PD). Methods: Patients with PD were randomized into mouthwash-only (MW, n = 26) and mouthwash with periodontal flosser (MWPF, n = 27) groups. Patients without PD were selected for the control group (n = 30). S. aureus culture and saliva samples (before and after the intervention) were collected for bacterial DNA extraction. A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and serial dilutions of S. aureus culture and saliva samples were used to measure the salivary bacteria total count (SBTC) and confirm the antibacterial effects of the mouthwash using S. aureus. Results: No significant difference in demographic data was observed among the three groups. Before the intervention, the baseline SBTC of the MW and MWPF groups was significantly higher than that of the control group. After the mouthwash rinses, the SBTC data significantly changed in the MW and MWPF groups only (by 62.4% and 77.4%, respectively). After the base-2 log-transformation of the SBTC data, a similar trend was observed. Linear regression revealed that baseline SBTC and the MWPF intervention significantly affected SBTC reduction percentage by volume. After incubation with 10% (v/v) of mouthwash, the survival rates of 106 and 107 colony-forming units/mL of S. aureus were 0.51% ± 0.06% and 1.42% ± 0.37%, respectively. Conclusions: These study results indicated that 100 ppm HOCl mouthwash treatment could effectively reduce SBTC in patients with PD and the abundance of S. aureus. It provides that the HOCl mouthwash can be an option for individuals to help control SBTC, especially in patients with PD. Trial registration: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUHIRB-F(I)-20200042) on 20/03/2020 and retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT05372835) on 13/05/2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reported water-stable Zn-MOF ([Zn(L)2(bpa)(H2O)2]·2H2O, H2L = 5-(2-cyanophenoxy) isophthalic acid has been prepared via a low-cost, general and efficient hydrothermal method. It is worth noting the structural features of Zn-MOF which exhibit the unsaturated metal site and the main non-covalent interactions including O⋯H, N⋯H and π-π stacking interactions, which lead to strong antibacterial and good tetracycline degradation ability. The average diameter of the Zn-MOF inhibition zone against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was 12.22 mm and 10.10 mm, respectively. Further, the water-stable Zn-MOF can be employed as the effective photocatalyst for the photodegradation of tetracycline, achieving results of 67% within 50 min, and it has good cyclic stability. In addition, the photodegradation mechanism was studied using UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV-VIS DRS) and valence-band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (VB-XPS) combined with the ESR profile of Zn-MOF, which suggest that ·O2− is the main active species responsible for tetracycline photodegradation. Also, the photoelectric measurement results show that Zn-MOF has a good photocurrent generation performance under light. This provides us with a new perspective to investigate Zn-MOF materials as a suitable multifunctional platform for future environmental improvement applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing nanomaterials with the capacity to restrict the growth of bacteria and fungus is of current interest. In this study, nanocomposites of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) functionalized with primary amine, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups were prepared and characterized. An analysis by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy showed that PHEMA chains were grafted to the functionalized CNTs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested that the grafting reaction was viable. The morphology of the prepared nanocomposites studied by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed significant changes with respect to the observed for pure PHEMA. The thermal behavior of the nanocomposites studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that the functionalized CNTs strongly affect the mobility of the PHEMA chains. Tests carried out by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to calculate the degree of grafting of the PHEMA chains. The ability of the prepared nanocomposites to inhibit the growth of the fungus Candida albicans and the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli was evaluated. A reduced antifungal and antibacterial capacity of the prepared nanocomposites was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal nanoparticles play an outstanding role in the field of wound healing due to their excellent properties, and the significance of iron, one of the most widely used metals globally, cannot be overlooked. The purpose of this review is to determine the importance of iron nanoparticles in wound-healing dressings. Prolonged, poorly healing wounds may induce infections; wound infections are a major cause of chronic wound formation. The primary components of iron nanoparticles are iron oxide nanoparticles, which promote wound healing by being antibacterial, releasing metal ions, and overcoming bacterial resistance. The diameter of iron oxide nanoparticles typically ranges between 1 and 100 nm. Magnetic nanoparticles with a diameter of less than 30 nm are superparamagnetic and are referred to as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. This subset of iron oxide nanoparticles can use an external magnetic field for novel functions such as magnetization and functionalization. Iron nanoparticles can serve clinical purposes not only to enhance wound healing through the aforementioned means but also to ameliorate anemia and glucose irregularities, capitalizing on iron's properties. Iron nanoparticles positively impact the healing process of chronic wounds, potentially extending beyond wound management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Surface micro-area potential difference (MAPD) can achieve bacteriostatic performance independent of metal ion dissolution. To study the influence of MAPD on antibacterial properties and the cellular response, Ti-Ag alloys with different surface potentials were designed and prepared by changing the preparation and heat treatment processes. Materials and methods: Ti-Ag alloys (T4, T6, and S) were prepared by vacuum arc smelting, water quenching, and sintering. Cp-Ti was set as a control group in this work. The microstructures and surface potential distributions of the Ti-Ag alloys were analyzed by SEM and energy dispersive spectrometry. Plate counting and live/dead staining methods were used to evaluate the antibacterial properties of the alloys, and the mitochondrial function, ATP levels, and apoptosis were assessed in MC3T3-E1 cells to analyze the cellular response. Results: Due to the formation of the Ti-Ag intermetallic phase in the Ti-Ag alloys, Ti-Ag (T4) without the Ti-Ag phase had the lowest MAPD, Ti-Ag (T6) with a fine Ti2Ag phase had a moderate MAPD, and Ti-Ag (S) with a Ti-Ag intermetallic phase had the highest MAPD. The primary results demonstrated that the Ti-Ag samples with different MAPDs exhibited different bacteriostatic effects, ROS expression levels, and apoptosis-related protein expression levels in cells. The alloy with a high MAPD exhibited a strong antibacterial effect. A moderate MAPD stimulated cellular antioxidant regulation (GSH/GSSG) and downregulated the expression of intracellular ROS. MAPD could also promote the transformation of the inactive mitochondria to biologically active mitochondria by increasing the ΔΨm and reducing apoptosis. Conclusion: The results here indicated that moderate MAPD not only had bacteriostatic effects but also promoted mitochondrial function and inhibited cell apoptosis, which provides a new strategy to improve the surface bioactivity of titanium alloys and a new idea for titanium alloy design. Clinical relevance: There are some limitations of the mechanism of MAPD. However, researchers will become increasingly aware of the advantages and disadvantages of MAPD and MAPD might provide an affordable solution of peri-implantitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Naturally occurring compounds can be utilized as coloring and finishing agents in environmentally friendly textile products. Aronia melanocarpa (Aronia) fruits (berries) are rich in bioactive compounds such as various form of polyphenolic compounds showing antibacterial and antioxidant, and thus numerous studies have been actively conducted on Aronia berry extract (AE) in recent years. However, most natural compounds including pigments exhibit inferior fixation and fastness when applied to cellulosic fibers. Therefore, in this study, coloring and functional compounds were extracted from Aronia berries and applied with or without chitosan to cotton fabrics to improve dyeability and functionality. The cotton fabrics were treated as follows: dyed with an AE single aqueous solution; dyed with an AE–chitosan mixture; and dyed with AE after being pretreated with a chitosan solution. Cotton fabrics dyed with AE and/or chitosan were investigated for their coloring properties and functionality, such as antibacterial properties and antioxidant capacity. It was proven that AE can be used to dye chitosan pretreated cotton fabrics, obtaining good color properties. Moreover, the cotton fabrics dyed with AE after chitosan pretreatment completely inhibited the growth of bacteria (> 99.9%) and exhibited antioxidant properties.

To date, biochar bacteriostatic material has attracted much attention from researchers. The compact porous structure of fish-scale biochar provides good application prospects. In this study, silver-carrying biochar–polyvinyl alcohol–alginate gel beads (C/PVA/SA) were designed for suppressing bacteria. The biochar was loaded with nano silver particles as the filler, alginate as the substrate, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the additive to enhance the mechanical properties. The composite gel beads were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). The results indicated that adjusting the PVA concentration could retain the bacteriostatic performance of the gel beads in different pH value solutions. It was found that C/PVA/SA gel beads had a strong inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After ten consecutive antibacterial tests, the antibacterial rate remained high (above 99%) for 15 days. The adhesive effect of SA and PVA resulted in a tight spatial structure of the gel beads. The C/PVA/SA gel composition could effectively prevent water loss and enhance the shrinkage ability of the gel beads. The good degradation performance of C/PVA/SA was also in line with the concept of environmental protection. In general, the C/PVA/SA gel beads showed high potential for application in the treatment of microbial contamination and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing and developing antibacterial hydrogel dressing with multiple functions including adhesiveness, good mechanical performance, self-healing, and hemostatic to improve full-thickness skin wound regeneration is greatly desirable in healthcare. In this work, a versatile hydrogel was fabricated based on bacterial cellulose decorated with polydopamine (PDA@BC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) via dynamic borate (PB) ester bond crosslinking. The tissue adhesiveness, self-healing mechanical property, and hemostatic ability of the hydrogels were improved. Doxycycline hydrochloride (Doxy)-load PB-PDA@BC hydrogels exhibit excellent antibacterial activity by continuous drug release of Doxy. The hydrogels also exhibited high swelling ratio, good biocompatibility, and suitable mechanical property. Compared with commercial Tegaderm film dressing, PB-PDA@BC/Doxy hydrogels dressing could better promote wound closure in a mouse full-thickness wound model. In generally, our results demonstrated that the PB-PDA@BC/Doxy hydrogels dressing can be considered an excellent wound dressing for wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last years N-doped carbon nanoparticles have been shown to have improved antibacterial activity over the undoped nanomaterial, but it is difficult to find correlations between the structure of the nanoparticle and its antibacterial activity. This prevents us from proposing a clear antibacterial mechanism and makes it difficult to select materials with the best physical and chemical properties for use as antibacterial agents. With this purpose, here, we analyze the effect of, the size and the surface chemical composition of four N-doped carbon nanoparticles on the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria, used in this work as a model of Gram-negative bacteria. Our results indicated great antibacterial activity as the concentration of the carbon nanoparticles increased. The IC50 values obtained ranged between 23 and 34 μg/mL, the lowest values found in the literature for CNPs in the absence of metals. The reduction rate was analyzed using a Ligand-Substrate model based on Monod's equation, which allows us to interpret the dependence of the nanoparticle-bacteria affinity with the nanomaterial structure. The results of the model indicate the contribution of two mechanisms, oxidative stress and the nanoknife in the antibacterial process on Escherichia coli bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial contamination has caused various diseases via pathogenic bacteria, endangering people's lives every day. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the exploration of new and effective antibacterial materials. In this paper, we attempted to synthesize a fish scale charcoal nanosilver antibacterial composite using waste fish scale as a carbon substrate. X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy showed that the structure of the nanosilver fish scale material formed and the nanosilver particles formed account for 72.1% of the silver element. Its antibacterial ability against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was examined using the plate counting method and inhibition zones; the maximum inhibition zone was 32 mm. The antibacterial rate could reach >99.9%, indicating that this prepared material had excellent antibacterial activity. After 20 batches of bacteriostasis, the bacteriostasis rate was more than 90%, indicating that the fish scale/silver composite had sustained antibacterial ability and excellent antibacterial reusability. Finally, potential antibacterial mechanism was proposed. Overall, the fish scale/silver composite has a good application prospect and a wide range of applications in the handling of microbial pollution in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, Copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) are produced using Nerium oleander leaf extract via a green process. The prepared samples were examined by powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy; Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and antibacterial screenings. According to XRD measurements, the Cu-NPs have a monoclinic form. According to the UV-Vis study, the minimal absorbance between 250 and 1000nm is due to by the formation of high-quality samples. The functional groups of Cu-NPs were verified by FT-IR spectroscopy. According to the FE-SEM analysis, the Cu-NPs are clusters of smaller cylindrical objects with good uniformity. The antibacterial results show that the samples are fairly effective against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi bacterium. The findings indicate that Cu-NPs can be used in the medical sector for surgical tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The improved corrosion resistance, osteogenic activity, and antibacterial ability are the key factors for promoting the large-scale clinical application of magnesium (Mg)-based implants. In the present study, a novel nanocomposite coating composed of inner magnesium hydroxide, middle graphene oxide, and outer hydroxyapatite (Mg(OH)2/GO/HA) is constructed on the surface of Mg-0.8Ca–5Zn-1.5Ag by a combined strategy of hydrothermal treatment, electrophoretic deposition, and electrochemical deposition. The results of material characterization and electrochemical corrosion test showed that all the three coatings have high bonding strength, hydrophilicity and corrosion resistance. In vitro studies show that Mg(OH)2 indeed improves the antibacterial activity of the substrate. The next GO and GO/HA coating procedures both promote the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and show no harm to the antibacterial activity of Mg(OH)2 coating, but the latter exhibits the best promoting effect. In vivo studies demonstrate that the Mg alloy with the composite coating not only ameliorates osteolysis induced by bacterial invasion but also promotes bone regeneration under both normal and infected conditions. The current study provides a promising surface modification strategy for developing multifunctional Mg-based implants with good corrosion resistance, antibacterial ability and osteogenic activity to enlarge their biomedical applications.

Bacterial infection is a challenge in the field of bone tissue engineering. Antibiotics are often used to combat infection, but the abuse of antibiotics causes nonselective cytotoxicity and induces bacterial drug resistance. Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to develop bone tissue engineering scaffolds with antibacterial properties for bone repair. In this study, polymer-derived β-Ca 2 SiO 4 (C 2 S) scaffolds were functionalized with nitric oxide (NO) precursors to repair infected bone defects due to their synergistic antibacterial properties by combining a photothermal effect and NO gas therapy. The results showed that the functionalization of C 2 S scaffolds with NO precursors not only maintained the initial macropore structure and photothermal effect of the scaffolds, but also endowed the scaffolds with sustained NO release ability. Importantly, the NO precursor-functionalized C 2 S (C 2 S–SNO) scaffolds improved the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs), as well as the expression of related osteogenic genes. Furthermore, the photothermal effect of the C 2 S–SNO scaffolds and the NO release induced by near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation contributed to enhanced antibacterial efficacy, and the inhibition efficiencies of the C 2 S–SNO scaffolds against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were estimated to be approximately 83.3% and 87.5%, respectively. Therefore, the C 2 S–SNO scaffolds are promising for repairing infected bone defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naturally occurring compounds can be utilized as coloring and finishing agents in environmentally friendly textile products. Aronia melanocarpa (Aronia) fruits (berries) are rich in bioactive compounds such as various form of polyphenolic compounds showing antibacterial and antioxidant, and thus numerous studies have been actively conducted on Aronia berry extract (AE) in recent years. However, most natural compounds including pigments exhibit inferior fixation and fastness when applied to cellulosic fibers. Therefore, in this study, coloring and functional compounds were extracted from Aronia berries and applied with or without chitosan to cotton fabrics to improve dyeability and functionality. The cotton fabrics were treated as follows: dyed with an AE single aqueous solution; dyed with an AE–chitosan mixture; and dyed with AE after being pretreated with a chitosan solution. Cotton fabrics dyed with AE and/or chitosan were investigated for their coloring properties and functionality, such as antibacterial properties and antioxidant capacity. It was proven that AE can be used to dye chitosan pretreated cotton fabrics, obtaining good color properties. Moreover, the cotton fabrics dyed with AE after chitosan pretreatment completely inhibited the growth of bacteria (> 99.9%) and exhibited antioxidant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a microcapsule resin grafted with amidoxime group was prepared by phase transformation method, and the microcapsule resin was loaded with zinc as an antibacterial agent. The final preparation of Zn@AO-PAN PMR enhanced the antibacterial ability of Zn@AO-PAN PMR in real seawater based on its good uranium adsorption performance. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of Zn@AO-PAN PMR in real seawater could reach 50.30 mg/g. At the same time, the loading of Zn don't lose the adsorption capacity of the resin for U(VI). The antibacterial mechanism of Zn@AO-PAN PMR was explored using MAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus spp. could be one of the most suitable substitutes for the control and prevention of aquatic diseases. The occurrence of species population, antimicrobial character, and virulence diversity in Bacillus spp. recovered from the mariculture system in China between 2009 and 2021 were investigated, screening for probiotic Bacillus strains with good biological safety that can inhibit Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V. harveyi, V. owensii, V. campbellii. The results showed that 116 Bacillus isolates were divided into 24 species, and the top three species were B. subtilis (37/116), B. velezensis (28/116), and B. amyloliquefaciens (10/116). Among the 116 Bacillus isolates, 32.8% were effective against V. parahaemolyticus, 30.1% for V. alginolyticus, 60.3% for V. harveyi, 69.8% for V. owensii and 74.1% for V. campbellii. More than 62% of Bacillus isolates were susceptible to florfenicol, doxycycline and tetracycline, etc., and 26/116 Bacillus isolates were found to be multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR), with MARI values ranging from 0 to 0.06. Eighteen kinds of antibiotic resistance genes were tested; only tetB, blaTEM, and blaZ were detected. And 9 isolates in 2 Bacillus species were excluded by 6/10 kinds of Bacillus-related toxin gene (hblA, hblC, nheB, nheC, entFM, cykK). Bio-safety testing indicated that three kinds of probiotics were good probiotic candidates to prevent Vibriosis. These results provide comprehensive genetic diversity, potential risks, and probiotic characteristics of Bacillus in the mariculture system in China, and provide basic support for green and healthy development of aquatic industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a study on the photocatalysis and antibacterial performances of Cu‐doped titania films as a function of the dopant concentration is presented. The TiO2 films are produced by sol–gel spin‐coating technique, and the doping is performed by adding different quantities of copper in the form of salt (CuSO4) during the preparation of sol. The obtained films are characterized by Raman and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopies, atomic force microscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, to investigate on the chemical–physical properties, the quality, the composition, and the thickness. The photocatalytic activity of the films is studied by measuring the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV light, while Staphylococcus aureus is chosen for microbiological testing. The results show a correlation between photocatalysis and antibactericity with a rise of these two activities with increasing dopant concentrations in the films up to a given point, beyond which structural defects are introduced, promoting electron–hole recombination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique combination of biodegradability, biocompatibility, and functionality of zinc (Zn)-based alloys makes them highly desirable for a wide range of medical applications. However, a long-standing problem associated with this family of biodegradable alloys in the as-cast state is their limited mechanical strength and slow degradation rate. Here we report the development of Zn-xDy (x = 1, 3, and 5 wt.%) alloys with high strength, ductility, cytocompatibility, antibacterial ability, and appropriate degradation rate for biodegradable bone-implant applications. Our results indicate that the mechanical properties of Zn–xDy alloys were effectively improved with increasing Dy addition and hot-rolling due to the second-phase strengthening. The hot-rolled (HR) Zn–3Dy alloy showed the best combined mechanical performance with an ultimate tensile strength of 270.5 MPa, a yield strength of 214.8 MPa, an elongation of 55.1%, and Brinell hardness of 75.9 HB. The corrosion and degradation rates of HR Zn–xDy alloys in Hanks' solution gradually increased with increasing Dy addition due to the intensification of galvanic corrosion. The HR Zn–3Dy alloy showed high antibacterial ability against S. aureus and cytocompatibility toward MC3T3-E1 cells among all the HR alloys. Overall, the HR Zn–3Dy alloy can be considered a promising biodegradable material for bone implants. This work reports on Zn–xDy (x = 1, 3, and 5%) alloys fabricated by Dy alloying followed by hot-rolling for biodegradable bone-implant applications. Our findings demonstrate that the hot-rolled (HR) Zn–3Dy alloy showed the best combined mechanical performance with an ultimate tensile strength of 270.5 MPa, a yield strength of 214.8 MPa, an elongation of 55.1%, and Brinell hardness of 75.9 HB. The corrosion and degradation rates of HR Zn–xDy alloys in Hanks' solution gradually increased with increasing Dy addition due to the intensification of galvanic corrosion. Furthermore, the HR Zn–3Dy alloy showed greater antibacterial ability against S. aureus and the best cytocompatibility toward MC3T3-E1 cells among all the HR alloys. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign body reactions to the wear debris and corrosion products from the implants, and bacterial infections are the main factors leading to the implant failures. In order to resolve these problems, the antibacterial TiN/Cu nanocomposite coatings with various N2 partial pressures were deposited on 304 stainless steels (SS) using an arc ion plating (AIP) system, named TiN/Cu-x (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 Pa). The results of X-ray diffraction analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy showed that the N2 partial pressures determined the Cu contents, surface defects, and crystallite sizes of TiN/Cu nanocomposite coatings, which further influenced the comprehensive abilities. And the hardness and wear resistances of TiN/Cu coatings were enhanced with increase of the crystallite sizes. Under the co-actions of surface defects, crystallite sizes, and Cu content, TiN/Cu-1.0 and TiN/Cu-1.5 coatings possessed excellent corrosion resistance. Besides, the biological tests proved that all the TiN/Cu coatings showed no cytotoxicity with strong antibacterial ability. Among them, TiN/Cu-1.5 coating significantly promoted the cell proliferation, which is expected to be a novel antibacterial, corrosion-resistant, and wear-resistant coating on the surfaces of medical implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient utilization of uranium in seawater provides a viable and sustainable solution to supply the growing demand for nuclear energy. Adsorbents used for uranium extraction from seawater are usually disturbed by co-existing ions and contaminated by organisms. In this study, a zinc phosphonate framework system (ZMP 2 -6) with zoledronic acid as a ligand was fabricated via a facile one-step mixing method at room temperature, which possesses great adsorption performance, high selectivity and outstanding antibacterial ability. The high porosity and rich binding sites endowed ZMP 2 -6 with an extremely high adsorption capacity of 1695.5 mg/g at 25°C. Remarkably, ZMP 2 -6 selectively extracted 18.0 mg/g uranium from natural seawater in only 1 month with a higher distribution coefficient against other coexisting metal ions. In addition, ZMP 2 -6 exhibited excellent bacteriostatic ability against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), which was greatly desired in real uranium extraction from seawater. Noteworthily, ZMP 2 -6 can be easily assembled into adsorption modules and grow on different carriers, which significantly improves uranium separation efficiency and practical applicability. This work rationally engineered a zinc phosphonate framework system and provided a strategy for highly efficient uranium capture from the ocean. [Display omitted] • Zinc phosphonate framework (ZMP 2 -6) was synthesized via a facile mixing method. • ZMP 2 -6 exhibited high uranium adsorption capacity (1695.5 mg/g) and great selectivity. • ZMP 2 -6 displayed excellent antibacterial performances against S. aureus and E. coli. • Adsorption modules were assembled with ZMP 2 -6 and ZMP 2 -6 based membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cuminaldehyde (CUM) is a bioactive small molecule compound, and it has effects on anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor and antibacterial effects. However, the hydrophobicity and volatility of CUM lead to a negative effect on both antibacterial and anti-cancer ability. Considering the molecular size of CUM, β-cyclodextrin polymer (β-CDP), which has hydrophilic rim and hydrophobic cavity, is used to encapsulate the CUM by wet grinding method, in order to improve the water solubility and stability of CUM. The host-guest molar ratio of CUM and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) unit in β-CDP is determined to be 1: 1 and the binding energy is −27.5 kcal/mol by molecular simulation, which indicates that the binding between β-CDP and CUM is not easy to separate under normal conditions. In addition, cuminaldehyde-β-cyclodextrin polymer (CUM-β-CDP) is highly water-soluble, which has an obvious antibacterial ability. Compared the inhibitory effects of CUM and CUM-β-CDP on E. coli and S. aureus, the results illustrate that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CUM-β-CDP is 40 mg/mL on E. coli and 5 mg/mL on S. aureus, which is much lower than that of pure CUM. Further, CUM-β-CDP can well inhibit the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells, exhibits outstanding anti-cancer ability. The successful design of CUM-β-CDP inclusion complex will provide a new method for the delivery of natural drug molecules with low water solubility and it has broad application prospect. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reported water-stable Zn-MOF ([Zn(L)2(bpa)(H2O)2]·2H2O, H2L = 5-(2-cyanophenoxy) isophthalic acid has been prepared via a low-cost, general and efficient hydrothermal method. It is worth noting the structural features of Zn-MOF which exhibit the unsaturated metal site and the main non-covalent interactions including O⋯H, N⋯H and π-π stacking interactions, which lead to strong antibacterial and good tetracycline degradation ability. The average diameter of the Zn-MOF inhibition zone against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was 12.22 mm and 10.10 mm, respectively. Further, the water-stable Zn-MOF can be employed as the effective photocatalyst for the photodegradation of tetracycline, achieving results of 67% within 50 min, and it has good cyclic stability. In addition, the photodegradation mechanism was studied using UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV-VIS DRS) and valence-band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (VB-XPS) combined with the ESR profile of Zn-MOF, which suggest that ·O2− is the main active species responsible for tetracycline photodegradation. Also, the photoelectric measurement results show that Zn-MOF has a good photocurrent generation performance under light. This provides us with a new perspective to investigate Zn-MOF materials as a suitable multifunctional platform for future environmental improvement applications.

Metal nanoparticles play an outstanding role in the field of wound healing due to their excellent properties, and the significance of iron, one of the most widely used metals globally, cannot be overlooked. The purpose of this review is to determine the importance of iron nanoparticles in wound-healing dressings. Prolonged, poorly healing wounds may induce infections; wound infections are a major cause of chronic wound formation. The primary components of iron nanoparticles are iron oxide nanoparticles, which promote wound healing by being antibacterial, releasing metal ions, and overcoming bacterial resistance. The diameter of iron oxide nanoparticles typically ranges between 1 and 100 nm. Magnetic nanoparticles with a diameter of less than 30 nm are superparamagnetic and are referred to as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. This subset of iron oxide nanoparticles can use an external magnetic field for novel functions such as magnetization and functionalization. Iron nanoparticles can serve clinical purposes not only to enhance wound healing through the aforementioned means but also to ameliorate anemia and glucose irregularities, capitalizing on iron’s properties. Iron nanoparticles positively impact the healing process of chronic wounds, potentially extending beyond wound management.