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Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of HRP on serum biochemical, immune, antioxidant function and inflammatory gene expression in mice induced by LPS. 40 male Kunming mice with similar body weight (18.05±2.01) g were selected. All mice were fed standard diet and randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8), which were CON, LPS (10 mg/kg), LHRP+LPS [50 mg/(kg·d)], MHRP+LPS [100 mg/(kg·d)] and HHRP+LPS [200 mg/(kg·d)] group. The mice in the HRP groups were intragastricted with sea-buckspine polysaccharide for 14 days, the CON group and LPS group were intragastricted with the same volume of distilled water, respectively. After 24 hours of diet prohibition, the mice in the HRP group and LPS group were injected with 10 mg/kg BW LPS at different doses, and the mice in the CON group were injected with the same volume of normal saline, and blood and liver tissues were collected 3 hours later. Serum biochemical, immune indexes, liver antioxidant and antiinflammatory indexes were measured. Compared with the control group, the contents of IgA, IgG, ALT, AST and COR in serum of LPS group were significantly decreased. The activities of T-AOC, SOD and CAT in liver of LPS group were significantly decreased, the content of MDA was significantly increased, and the gene expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NF-κB p65 were significantly increased.Compared with LPS group, serum C3 content in HRP group was significantly increased, serum IgA and IgG contents in HRP group were significantly increased. Serum ALT, AST and COR contents were significantly decreased in HRP group. In HRP group, the activities of T-AOC, SOD and CAT were significantly increased, while the content of MDA was significantly decreased. Compared with LPS group, liver IL-1β, IL-6, TNF- α, NF- κB p65 gene expression levels of HRP groups were significantly downregulated. Polysaccharide of sea buckthorns can effectively inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury, and the dose of 100 to 200 mg/(kg·d) has a good protective effect on liver injury, can reduce lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative damage and inflammation of liver, and promote serum biochemistry and immune regulation of the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Erythema, characterized by the redness of the skin, is a common skin reaction triggered by various endogenous and exogenous factors. This response is often a result of the activation of underlying inflammatory mechanisms within the skin. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential benefits of applying a combination of skincare ingredients, namely allantoin, bisabolol, D‐panthenol and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (AB5D), in the modulation of inflammatory factors associated with erythema. Additionally, the study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which these ingredients exert their combined actions to alleviate erythema‐associated inflammation. Methods: Human epidermal keratinocytes were exposed to UVB and subsequently treated with AB5D. Transcriptomics profiling was performed to analyse the dose–response effect of AB5D treatment on keratinocytes. The quantitation of inflammatory mediators, including PGE2, IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐1RA and TNFα, was performed on cultured media. Additionally, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was carried out to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity of both individual ingredients and the AB5D combination. To assess the in‐vitro antioxidant effects of AB5D against UVB‐induced oxidative stress in hTERT keratinocytes, real‐time quantitation of mitochondrial superoxide was measured through live‐cell imaging. Results: The application of AB5D to UVB‐exposed keratinocytes downregulated gene sets associated with inflammatory responses, highlighting the anti‐inflammatory properties of AB5D. Specifically, AB5D effectively reduced the production of PGE2, leading to the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, our findings indicate that AB5D exhibits antioxidative capabilities, functioning as both an antioxidant agent and a regulator of antioxidant enzyme expression to counteract the detrimental effects of cellular oxidative stress. Conclusion: We demonstrated that AB5D can reduce UVB‐induced PGE2, IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐1RA and TNFα as well as mitochondrial superoxide. These findings suggest that AB5D may alleviate erythema by modulating inflammation via PGE2 and through antioxidation mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal energy conversion and also storage system is to advance knowledge and develop practical solutions at the intersection of micro and nano-scale engineering, energy conversion, and sustainability. This research addresses the challenge of enhancing these critical aspects to ensure prolonged system performance and durability in the context of evolving energy technologies. This research analyses the anti-oxidation and filtration behaviours of micro and nano-scale structures in the context of electro- and photo-thermal energy conversion and also storage systems. A micro multiscale hierarchical structure strategy is presented to fabricate multi-scale double-layer porous wick evaporators with the electrospun nanofibers made of gelatin-polyamide 6 (GPA6) and Ti3C2Tx MXene/silver nanowire with Cellulose Micro/NanoFibers (CMNF) cryogens by using spark plasma sintering (SPS) based high-pressure hydrothermal treatment model. An excellent anti-oxidation effect was offered by coating the film in thermal conditions and the anti-oxidation properties were further examined from 500°C to 850°C. The results are analysed using Matlab software to improve the efficiency of energy conversion processes by integrating nanostructures into thermal systems, to increase energy output while minimizing losses. The silver nanowire is with a heat transfer coefficient of 78%, a mass remaining rate of 98.7%, and an energy storage efficiency of 23.8%. This study enhances energy density and duration by integrating nanostructures into thermal systems while minimizing energy losses, and it not only exhibits excellent anti-oxidation properties but also possesses superior filtration capabilities for designing and engineering multifunctional nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract This study aimed to explore the impact of Brassica rapa L. polysaccharides (BRP) on the growth, immune response, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microbiota in yellow-feathered quails. A total of 250 one-day-old yellow-feathered quails, evenly divided by sex, were randomly assigned to five groups, with each group comprising ten replicates of five quails each. The control group (CON) received a basic diet, while the antibiotic control group (CTC) was fed a basic diet supplemented with chlortetracycline (0.05 g/kg). BRP was administered at concentrations of 0.25 g/kg (Low dose BRP, LBRP), 0.5 g/kg (Medium dose BRP, MBRP), and 1 g/kg (High dose BRP, HBRP). The duration of the experiment was 42 days. The results indicated that, compared to the CON group, the final body weight of quails in the MBRP group significantly increased (P 0.05); at 42 days of age, the average weight of the thymus in the MBRP group was significantly greater than that in the CON group (P 0.05). At 21 days of age, the levels of IgA and IgG in the MBRP group were significantly elevated compared to the CON group (P 0.05). Additionally, the MBRP group showed significant increases in CAT, T-SOD, and GSH-Px levels (P

Coproporphyrin III (CP III), a natural porphyrin derivative, has extensive applications in the biomedical and material industries. S. cerevisiae has previously been engineered to highly accumulate the CP III precursor 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) through the C4 pathway. In this study, a combination of cytoplasmic metabolic engineering and mitochondrial compartmentalization was used to enhance CP III production in S. cerevisiae. By integrating pathway genes into the chromosome, the CP III titer gradually increased to 32.5 ± 0.5 mg/L in shake flask cultivation. Nevertheless, increasing the copy number of pathway genes did not consistently enhance CP III synthesis. Hence, the partial synthesis pathway was compartmentalized in mitochondria to evaluate its effectiveness in increasing CP III production. Subsequently, by superimposing the mitochondrial compartmentalization strategy on cytoplasmic metabolic engineered strains, the CP III titer was increased to 64.3 ± 1.9 mg/L. Furthermore, augmenting antioxidant pathway genes to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels effectively improved the growth of engineered strains, resulting in a further increase in the CP III titer to 82.9 ± 1.4 mg/L. Fed-batch fermentations in a 5 L bioreactor achieved a titer of 402.8 ± 9.3 mg/L for CP III. This study provides a new perspective on engineered yeast for the microbial production of porphyrins.

Abstract Resveratrol has been reported to promote immunity and decrease oxidative stress, but which demonstrates biphasic effects relied on the use concentration. In this study, the effects of diet supplement with a relative high concentration of resveratrol (0.32 mg/kg) on metabolism, antioxidation and apoptosis of liver were investigated in Siberian sturgeon. The results showed that resveratrol significantly increased the lipid synthesis and the apoptosis, but did not either activate the antioxidant NRF2/KEAP1 pathway or enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant changes in regulatory pathways related to glycolipid, including PPAR signaling pathway, Insulin signaling pathway, Fatty acid biosynthesis, and Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis. In addition, resveratrol significantly increased the lipid synthesis genes (accα and fas), fatty acid transport gene (fatp 6) and gluconeogenesis gene (gck), but decreased the survival-promoting genes (gadd45β and igf 1). These findings highlight a significant effect of resveratrol on glycolipid metabolism in Siberian sturgeon. Moreover, this study also demonstrated that 0.32 mg/kg resveratrol has physiological toxicity to the liver of Siberian sturgeon, indicating that this dose is too high for Siberian sturgeon. Thus, our study provides a valuable insight for future research and application of resveratrol in fish.

Lettuce is rich in various phenolic acids and flavonoids, making it a good source of dietary polyphenols. This study measured the contents of total phenols and flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of 50 varieties of lettuce (34 green lettuce varieties and 16 red lettuce varieties). Meanwhile, 17 characteristic phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds in lettuce were identified and quantitated using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-ToF-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Then, multivariate statistical analysis was used for classification and correlation analysis. The results showed that the contents of total phenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity of red lettuce varieties were higher than those of green lettuce varieties. In total, 7 phenolic compounds, namely, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid A/B, chicory acid, and luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, and quercetin-3-O-glucoside were detected, being overall more abundant in red lettuce varieties than the other varieties. The results of multivariate statistical analysis indicated that chlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, and quercetin-3-O-glucoside had higher correlation with the antioxidant capacity of lettuce. In summary, five new red varieties and commercial varieties, such as G21K104, W3088, and H20K6160, and four new green varieties, including G21K212 and G21K117, had higher antioxidant activity. This study provides a reference for lettuce breeding, germplasm resource innovation, and the development of nutritious, healthy and functional products.

Resveratrol has been reported to promote immunity and decrease oxidative stress, but which demonstrates biphasic effects relied on the use concentration. In this study, the effects of diet supplement with a relative high concentration of resveratrol (0.32 mg/kg) on metabolism, antioxidation and apoptosis of liver were investigated in Siberian sturgeon. The results showed that resveratrol significantly increased the lipid synthesis and the apoptosis, but did not either activate the antioxidant NRF2/KEAP1 pathway or enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant changes in regulatory pathways related to glycolipid, including PPAR signaling pathway, Insulin signaling pathway, Fatty acid biosynthesis, and Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis. In addition, resveratrol significantly increased the lipid synthesis genes (accα and fas), fatty acid transport gene (fatp 6) and gluconeogenesis gene (gck), but decreased the survival-promoting genes (gadd45β and igf 1). These findings highlight a significant effect of resveratrol on glycolipid metabolism in Siberian sturgeon. Moreover, this study also demonstrated that 0.32 mg/kg resveratrol has physiological toxicity to the liver of Siberian sturgeon, indicating that this dose is too high for Siberian sturgeon. Thus, our study provides a valuable insight for future research and application of resveratrol in fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aims Methods Results Conclusions Skin aging is one of the most abundant aging‐related disorders that can be accelerated by excessive exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. Topically applied fermented skincare ingredients have gained mounting attentions due to their high concentration of various skin nourishing nutrients and bioactive components and low skin irritation potency.In the present study, we aim to fully demonstrate the skin‐related benefits of a novel extract of Thermus thermophilus and Bacillus subtilis mixed‐culture ferment (TBFE).TBFE was prepared through an innovative mixed‐culture fermentation process. The contents of nutrients and bioactive ingredients were quantified by different methods accordingly. Both in vitro tests and randomized controlled human trial were utilized to further demonstrate multifaceted beneficial effects on human skin, as well as the potential mechanisms.Our results showed that TBFE upregulated the expression of type IV collagen, elastin, aquaporin‐3, and dermal‐epidermal junction markers, while inhibited production of melanin, in different skin cell models. Moreover, TBFE inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species and pro‐inflammatory mediators induced by ultraviolet irradiation in normal human keratinocytes, while stimulated autophagy in senescent keratinocytes. Results from clinical studies confirmed those in vitro findings, demonstrating that TBFE at 5% and 20% concentration provides anti‐aging properties in subjects with sensitive skin, in terms of improving wrinkles, moisturization, and skin lightening.In summary, we demonstrate that a novel mixed‐culture ferment extract has promising anti‐aging effects, which may be attributed to anti‐oxidation, anti‐inflammation, and promotion of autophagy in skin cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Salvianolic acid B (SalB), among the most abundant bioactive polyphenolic compounds found in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., exerts therapeutic and protective effects against various diseases. Although some summaries of the activities of SalB exist, there is lack of a scientometric and in-depth review regarding disease therapy. In this review, scientometrics was employed to analyze the number of articles, publication trends, countries, institutions, keywords, and highly cited papers pertaining to SalB research. The scientometric findings showed that SalB exerts excellent protective effects on the heart, lungs, liver, bones, and brain, along with significant therapeutic effects against atherosclerosis (AS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), liver fibrosis, diabetes, heart/brain ischemia, and osteoporosis, by regulating signaling pathways and acting on specific molecular targets. Moreover, this review delves into in-depth insights and perspectives, such as the utilization of SalB in combination with other drugs, the validation of molecular mechanisms and targets, and the research and development of novel drug carriers and dosage forms. In conclusion, this review aimed to offer a comprehensive scientometric analysis and in-depth appraisal of SalB research, encompassing both present achievements and future prospects, thereby providing a valuable resource for the clinical application and therapeutic exploitation of SalB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green-synthesis of biodegradable polymeric curcumin-nanoparticles using affordable biodegradable polymers to enhance curcumin's solubility and anti-oxidative potential. The curcumin-nanoparticle was prepared based on the ionic-interaction method without using any chemical surfactants, and the particle-size, zeta-potential, surface-morphology, entrapmentefficiency, and in-vitro drug release study were used to optimise the formulation. The antioxidant activity was investigated using H2DCFDA staining in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. The mean-diameter of blank nanoparticles was 178.2 nm (±4.69), and that of curcuminnanoparticles was about 227.7 nm (±10.4), with a PDI value of 0.312 (±0.023) and 0.360 (±0.02). The encapsulation-efficacy was found to be 34% (±1.8), with significantly reduced oxidative-stress and toxicity (∼5 times) in the zebrafish model compared to standard curcumin. The results suggested that the current way of encapsulating curcumin using affordable, biodegradable, natural polymers could be a better approach to enhancing curcumin's water solubility and bioactivity, which could further be translated into potential therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postoperative abdominal adhesion (PAA) widely occurs after abdominal surgery, which often produces severe complications. However, there were still no satisfactory anti-adhesive products including barriers and anti-adhesive agents. Herein, we developed a ROS-responsive and scavenging hydrogel barrier, termed AHBC/PSC, wherein the monomer AHBC was synthesized by phenylboronic acid (PBA)-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-PBA) further grafted with adipic dihydrazide (ADH) and PBA-based chlorogenic acid (CGA) via ROS-sensitive borate ester bond, and the other monomer PSC was constructed by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) grafted with sulfated betaine (SB) and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (CHO). Further, the double crosslinked AHBC/PSC hydrogel was successfully fabricated between AHBC and PSC via forming dynamic covalent acylhydrazone bonds and borate ester bonds. Results showed that AHBC/PSC hydrogel had in situ gelation behavior, satisfactory mechanical properties (storage modulus of about 1 kPa and loss factor Tan δ of about 0.5), suitable wet tissue adhesion strength of about 2.3 kPa on rat abdominal wall, and good biocompatibility, achieving an ideal physical barrier. Particularly, CGA could be responsively released from the hydrogel by breakage of borate ester bonds between CGA and PBA based on high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of damaged tissue and exhibited great ROS scavenging capability to regulate inflammation and promote the polarization of macrophages from pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Moreover, the grafted SB as a zwitterionic group could reduce protein adsorption and fibroblast adhesion. Finally, the in vivo experiments revealed that AHBC/PSC hydrogel with good safety and in vivo retention behavior of about 2 weeks, effectively prevented PAA by regulating the inflammatory microenvironment and alleviating the fibrosis process. In brief, the versatile AHBC/PSC hydrogel would provide a more convenient and efficient approach for PAA prevention. Postoperative abdominal adhesion (PAA) widely occurs after surgery and is often accompanied by severe complications. Excessive inflammation and oxidative stress are very crucial for PAA formation. This study provides a ROS-responsive and scavenging hydrogel with suitable mechanical properties, good biocompatibility and biodegradability, and resistance to protein and fibroblast. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory active ingredient could be responsively released from the hydrogel via triggering by the high ROS levels in the postoperative microenvironment thereby regulating the inflammatory balance. Finally, the hydrogel would effectively regulate the development process of PAA thereby achieving non-adhesion wound healing. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Calcification plays a key role in biological processes, and breakdown of the regulatory mechanism results in a pathological state such as ectopic calcification. We hypothesized that ENPP1, the enzyme that produces the calcification inhibitor pyrophosphate, is transcriptionally regulated by Nrf2, and that Nrf2 activation augments ENPP1 expression to inhibit ectopic calcification. Cell culture experiments were performed using mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. Nrf2 was activated by 5-aminolevulinic acid and sodium ferrous citrate. Nrf2 overexpression was induced by the transient transfection of an Nrf2 expression plasmid. ENPP1 expression was monitored by real-time RT-PCR. Because the promoter region of ENPP1 contains several Nrf2-binding sites, chromatin immunoprecipitation using an anti-Nrf2 antibody followed by real-time PCR (ChIP-qPCR) was performed. The relationship between Nrf2 activation and osteoblastic differentiation was examined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin red staining. We used mice with a hypomorphic mutation in ENPP1 (ttw mice) to analyze whether Nrf2 activation inhibits ectopic calcification. Nrf2 and Nrf2 overexpression augmented ENPP1 expression and inhibited osteoblastic differentiation, as indicated by ALP expression and calcium deposits. ChIP-qPCR showed that some putative Nrf2-binding sites in the ENPP1 promoter region were bound by Nrf2. Nrf2 activation inhibited ectopic calcification in mice. ENPP1 gene expression was transcriptionally regulated by Nrf2, and Nrf2 activation augmented ENPP1 expression, leading to the attenuation of osteoblastic differentiation and ectopic calcification in vitro and in vivo. Nrf2 activation has a therapeutic potential for preventing ectopic calcification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aibika (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic) is a garden vegetable whose flower has been shown to have various bioactivities. This study investigated the protective effect of aibika flower flavonoid extract (AFF) on ethanol-induced gastric injury in mice. The experimental results showed that pre-feeding 125 and 250 mg AFF/kg BW for 1 week significantly reduced the gastric injury area in the negative control group from 19.2% to 6.7% and 0.6%, respectively. The results of the pathological sections staining also showed that AFF had a protective ability against alcohol-induced injury of gastric tissue and liver tissue. When the mice were exposed to high concentrations of ethanol, AFF pretreatment significantly upregulated the expression of antioxidant enzymes. The pretreatment also promoted the production of the intracellular antioxidant, reduced glutathione, in both gastric tissue and serum. On the contrary, AFF delayed the lipid peroxidation process, which, in turn, reduced the damage to the gastric mucosa. When acute inflammation was induced by ethanol stimulation, AFF significantly downregulated the proinflammatory cytokines and mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, COX-2, and iNOS. Furthermore, AFF pretreatment greatly promoted the production of healing factors, such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9, in the gastric tissue. In addition, AFF significantly reduced gastric cell apoptosis induced by ethanol stimulation. These results demonstrate that AFF has a good protective effect on alcohol-induced gastric ulcer and has the potential to be used in gastrointestinal health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] To analyze the chemical constituents in 2 medicinal and edible homologous beverage (Xiangfeng Yueyan Drink and Shenqi Guyuan decoction), and evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-fatigue effects. [Method] UHPLC-TQ-Orbitrap-MS mass spectrometer and reverse phase C₁ column were used to analyze the composition of the samples. The oxidative stress model established by aqueous menadione administration method was added with different gradient concentrations (25,50,100 µg/ml.) of Xiangfeng Yueyan Drink dilution. Meanwhile, group and a positive drug control group were set up. After treatment for 24 h, the Cell ROX was stained without light, and the fluorestype zebrafish and add different gradient concena normal cence intensity of yolk sac was calculated by fluorescence microscope. Select 5-day-old wild were set up at the same trations (25, 50, 100 µg/mL) of Shenqi Guyuan decoction diluent. A normal control group and a positive drug group . After treatment for 18 h, the fatigue model of zebrafish was established by aqueous solution of anhydrous sodium sulfite in the administratime 63 compounds were detected in Xiangfeng Yueyan Drink and 60 compounds were detected in Shengi Guyuan Drink. Compared with the model tion group, and the total movement distance of zebrafish was analyzed by behavior analyzer. [Result] According to the mass spectrometry data, group, the fluorescence intensity of zebrafish yolk sac significantly weakened under the intervention of Xiangfeng Yueyan Drink (P<0.01); compared with the model control group, the total movement distance of zebrafish under the intervention of Shenqi Guyuan Drink was significantly longer (P<0.05). [Conclusion] The 2 kinds of medicinal and edible homologous beverage have clear anti-oxidation and anti-fatigue effects respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, Camellia plants are widely used to reduce atopic dermatitis and inflammation-related diseases, but their protective mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the anti-allergic dermatitis, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation effect and underlying mechanism of five Camellia species, including Camellia ptilophylla Chang, Camellia assamica Chang var. Kucha Chang, Camellia parvisepala Chang, Camellia arborescens Chang, and C. assamica M. Chang. A total of about 110 chemical compositions were detected from five Camellia teas extracts. The level of mast cell infiltration in the model mice skin was determined by HE (Hematoxylin and eosin) staining and toluidine blue staining, and the level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nerve growth factor was detected by immunohistochemistry. The five Camellia tea leaf extracts have histamine-induced allergic dermatitis. Lipopolysaccharide (Lipopolysaccharide)-induced murine macrophage RAW264.7 inflammation model was found to secrete NF-κB factor, as shown by immunofluorescence, and reactive oxygen species secretion and related cytokine levels were detected. The results suggested that Camellia's five tea extracts had the ability to resist cellular oxidative stress. In addition, the results of cell inflammatory cytokines including fibronectin (FN) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) suggested that the five tea extracts of Camellia had anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, it is suggested that five Camellia teas may possess inhibitory properties against allergic reactions, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and may prove beneficial in the treatment of allergies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor in the antioxidant response and is associated with various chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the action of esculetin, a natural dihydroxy coumarin, on attenuating middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion, and whether its effect is dependent on Nrf2 activation, as well as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibition. Two doses of esculetin (20 and 40 mg/kg) were tested on rats with MCAO reperfusion. Neurological deficiency, oxidative stress, and pathological analyses were performed to evaluate its effect. An in vitro analysis was also used to confirm whether its action was dependent on the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO-1 pathway. Compared with MCAO reperfusion rats, esculetin improved infarct volume and increased normal-shaped neuron cells by decreasing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β levels. The oxidative stress parameter malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) ratio increased after esculetin treatment. Moreover, esculetin inhibited NF-κB activation induced by MCAO. In vitro, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) impaired the viability of rat neuron cells and esculetin showed a neuron protection effect on cells. Nrf2 inhibitor Brusatol inhibited the activation of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1) caused by esculetin and abolished its protection effect. Esculetin protected cerebral neurons from ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1/NQO-1 activation.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can result in the irreversible loss of tooth-supporting tissues and elevate the likelihood and intensity of systemic diseases. The presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated related oxidative stress is intricately linked to the progression and severity of periodontal inflammation. Targeted removal of local ROS may serve to attenuate inflammation, improve the unfavorable periodontal microenvironment and potentially reverse ensuing pathological cascades. These ROS scavenging nanoparticles, which possess additional characteristics such as anti-inflammation and osteogenic differentiation, are highly sought after for the treatment of periodontitis. In this study, negative charged human serum albumin-crosslinked manganese-doped self-assembling Prussian blue nanoparticles (HSA-MDSPB NPs) were fabricated. These nanoparticles demonstrate the ability to scavenge multiple ROS including superoxide anion, free hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, HSA-MDSPB NPs exhibit the capacity to alleviate inflammation in gingiva and alveolar bone both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, HSA-MDSPB NPs have been shown to play a role in promoting the polarization of macrophages from the M1 to M2 phenotype, resulting in reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. More attractively, HSA-MDSPB NPs have been demonstrated to enhance cellular osteogenic differentiation. These properties of HSA-MDSPB NPs contribute to decreased inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation and bone loss in periodontal tissue. In conclusion, the multifunctional nature of HSA-MDSPB NPs provides a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of periodontitis.

BackgroundIncreasing cardiac, hepatic, and metabolic diseases have raised the need to modify our contemporary lifestyles toward balancing and diversifying the nutrients in our daily diet. Objective: Dietary fats should be modified to healthier versions by blending different vegetable oils. Therefore, in this study, an oil blend with health-protective and promoting fatty acid combinations was investigated to bring down the progression of cardiac and other metabolic diseases.MethodologyA bio-efficacy trial was performed to investigate the therapeutic potential of an oil blend in 30 hyperlipidemic rats. Five rats were allocated to each group (coconut, flaxseed, olive, sunflower, and blended oil) for 42 days and were compared with the initial values of hyperlipidemic rats. Methodological investigations were performed for the body weight, naso-anal length, various obesity indices, visceral fat accumulation, blood and serum, cardiovascular risk indices, and echocardiograph.ResultsBlended oil consumption indicated significant reductions of 53.12% in body fat content (3.98 ± 0.96), 6.82% in Lee index (289.60 ± 8.27), 16.84% in BMI (0.15 ± 0.003), 57.37% in total cholesterol (52.00 ± 9.03), 68.57% in triacylglycerides (99.00 ± 9.19), 61.16% in atherogenic index (0.88 ± 0.12), and 58.72% in coronary risk index (2.88 ± 0.12), when compared with the initial values.ConclusionBlended oil consumption has significantly reduced various obesity indices, improved lipid profile, and provided significant protection against cardiovascular risk indices. Moreover, the results of blended oil indicated significant health protective ameliorations in electrocardiographs. Its regular consumption could help to reduce the onset of obesity and metabolic diseases.

Abstract Background Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a prevalent multifactorial ocular disease characterized by a vicious cycle of inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction on the ocular surface, all of which lead to DED deterioration and impair the patients’ quality of life and social functioning. Currently, anti-inflammatory drugs have shown promising efficacy in treating DED; however, such drugs are associated with side effects. The bioavailability of ocular drugs is less than 5% owing to factors such as rapid tear turnover and the presence of the corneal barrier. This calls for investigations to overcome these challenges associated with ocular drug administration. Results A novel hierarchical action liposome nanosystem (PHP-DPS@INS) was developed in this study. In terms of delivery, PHP-DPS@INS nanoparticles (NPs) overcame the ocular surface transport barrier by adopting the strategy of “ocular surface electrostatic adhesion-lysosomal site-directed escape”. In terms of therapy, PHP-DPS@INS achieved mitochondrial targeting and antioxidant effects through SS-31 peptide, and exerted an anti-inflammatory effect by loading insulin to reduce mitochondrial inflammatory metabolites. Ultimately, the synergistic action of “anti-inflammation-antioxidation-mitochondrial function restoration” breaks the vicious cycle associated with DED. The PHP-DPS@INS demonstrated remarkable cellular uptake, lysosomal escape, and mitochondrial targeting in vitro. Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that PHP-DPS@INS effectively normalized the elevated level of mitochondrial proinflammatory metabolite fumarate in an in vitro hypertonic model of DED, thereby reducing the levels of key inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Additionally, PHP-DPS@INS strongly inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and facilitated mitochondrial structural repair. In vivo, the PHP-DPS@INS treatment significantly enhanced the adhesion duration and corneal permeability of the ocular surface in DED mice, thereby improving insulin bioavailability. It also restored tear secretion, suppressed ocular surface damage, and reduced inflammation in DED mice. Moreover, it demonstrated favorable safety profiles both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion In summary, this study successfully developed a comprehensive DED management nanosystem that overcame the ocular surface transmission barrier and disrupted the vicious cycle that lead to dry eye pathogenesis. Additionally, it pioneered the regulation of mitochondrial metabolites as an anti-inflammatory treatment for ocular conditions, presenting a safe, efficient, and innovative therapeutic strategy for DED and other inflammatory diseases.

This study presents a sustainable method for producing iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO NPs) using aqueous extracts from coffee seeds. Characterization through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed non-spherical NPs ranging from 30 to 50 nm. The XRD analysis confirmed that the face-centred cubic structure and the Debye–Scherrer’s crystalline size support the FeO particle size confirmed from TEM. The synthesized NPs demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. Additionally, they exhibited potent antioxidant properties, effectively inhibiting DPPH, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase compared to acarbose and coffee extract. The findings suggest that these FeO NPs hold promise as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, and potentially antidiabetic agents.

Highlights Heterostructure constructed via confining crystalline ruthenium nanodomains by hafnium dioxide matrix was fabricated through a two-step annealing method for overall water splitting. The synergistic effect of hafnium dioxide modification and small crystalline domain formation significantly alleviates the over-oxidation of ruthenium.

With the continuous development of the aerospace field, the service conditions of high temperature structural components such as metal and carbon materials are increasingly harsh. The service life of high temperature structural components can be effectively improved by preparing silicon-based ceramic coatings on the surface of high temperature structural components and giving them special properties through appropriate processes. In recent years, the polymer precursors conversion ceramic coating has gradually become a novel method for preparing inorganic coatings. The new approach has the advantage of excellent processability and functional scalability, which gets more and more attention from researchers. The research progress of high temperature resistant ceramic coatings based on silicon-containing polymeric precursors was reviewed in this paper. Firstly, the preparation of ceramic coatings from the polymers was introduced, including the influences of silicon-based polymer precursors, fillers, coating and pyrolysis process on the structure and properties of the obtained coatings. Then, the applications of polymer-derived ceramic coatings in high temperature protection fields, such as anti-oxidation, environmental barrier and thermal barrier coatings were discussed. Finally, The problems in improving coating performance and defect control of polymer ceramic coatings were pointed out, and the development direction of polymer ceramic coatings was prospected, for example, by introducing ultra-high temperature elements such as Hf, Zr, Ta into silicon-based precursors, improving the temperature resistance level of ceramic coatings, and developing new efficient ceramic technology to improve the existing efficiency and applicability.

Abstract Background Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB), a traditional medicinal herb, has been reported to have pharmacological effect including protection against liver, neuron and kidney toxicity. However, explanation of its underlying mechanisms remains a great challenge. This study investigated the protective effects of GEB extract on vancomycin (VAN)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and underlying mechanisms with emphasis on the anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis. The male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided three groups: control (CON) group, VAN group and GEB group with duration of 14 days. Results The kidney weight and the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in the GEB group were lower than the VAN group. Histological analysis using hematoxylin & eosin and periodic acid Schiff staining revealed pathological changes of the VAN group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression levels of N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, myeloperoxidase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the GEB group were decreased when compared with the VAN group. The number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells, phosphohistone and malondialdehyde levels were lower in the GEB group than VAN group. The levels of total glutathione in the GEB group were higher than the VAN group. Conclusions The findings of this study suggested that GEB extract prevents VAN-induced renal tissue damage through anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis.

Abstract Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of stacked β-amyloid peptides in the brain and associated with the generation of oxidative stress. So far, there is no cure for AD or a way to stop its progression. Although the neuroprotective effects of Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract and G. lucidum-derived triterpenoids and polysaccharides have been reported, the influence of G. lucidum-fermented crops on AD still lacks clarity. Methods This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of G. lucidum-fermented crop extracts against hydrogen peroxide- or β-amyloid peptide (Aβ25-35)-induced damage in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Results Various extracts of G. lucidum-fermented crops, including extract A: 10% ethanol extraction using microwave, extract B: 70˚C water extraction, and extract C: 100˚C water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, were prepared and analyzed. Extract B had the highest triterpenoid content. Extract C had the highest total glucan content, while extract A had the highest gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content. The median inhibitory concentration (IC50, mg/g) for DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity of the fermented crop extracts was significantly lower than that of the unfermented extract. Pretreatment with these extracts significantly increased the cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells damaged by H2O2 or Aβ25-35, possibly by reducing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities. Moreover, extract B markedly alleviated the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is crucial in the pathogenesis of AD. Conclusion These results clearly confirmed the effects of G. lucidum-fermented crop extracts on preventing against H2O2- or Aβ25-35-induced neuronal cell death and inhibiting AChE activity, revealing their potential in management of AD.

Background: Stanozolol, an anabolic steroid, has been shown to induce kidney damage through mechanisms involving oxidative stress and inflammation. Natural Cocoa Powder (NCP), known for its high antioxidant content, may offer protective effects against such damage. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Natural Cocoa Powder (NCP) in ameliorating kidney damage caused by stanozolol intramuscular injections in rats. Methods: Thirty rats were randomly assigned into five groups (G1–G5) and fed with standard rat chow. G1 and G3 received 2 mg/kg stanozolol intramuscularly twice weekly, G2 and G4 received 5 mg/kg stanozolol twice weekly, while G5 served as the control with no stanozolol. G1, G2, and G5 had 24 h access to water, while G3 and G4 had water replaced with 2 % NCP from 6 am to 6 pm daily. After 8 weeks, kidneys were perfusion-fixed and analyzed histomorphometrically for proximal/distal tubules, Bowman's space, glomerular tuft, and renal corpuscle composition.Before and after treatments, renal function was measured by serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, whilst systemic inflammation was monitored by erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum C-reactive protein tests. Results and Discussion: Stanozolol administration significantly increased kidney damage in a dose-dependent manner, with marked rises in the volume densities of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), distal convoluted tubule (DCT), glomerular tuft, and renal corpuscle. At higher doses, PCT and DCT volume densities increased by 143 % and 223 %, respectively, compared to controls. Natural cocoa powder (NCP) mitigated these effects, reducing PCT, DCT, and glomerular tuft volume densities by 92 %, 77 %, and 86 %, respectively. Stanozolol also elevated serum markers of kidney dysfunction and inflammation, such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), and C-reactive protein (CRP). While NCP significantly lowered BUN and SCr levels, it did not fully normalize CRP, which remained elevated in stanozolol-treated rats. Conclusion: Increased volume density of kidney components indicated hypertrophy, which was associated with elevated serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, reflecting impaired renal function and heightened systemic inflammation. The reduction in these markers with NCP ingestion suggests its potential to mitigate stanozolol-induced renal damage. It is proposed that the antioxidant properties of NCP may have reduced inflammation by counteracting oxidative stress, thereby contributing to the observed improvement in kidney function and structure.

Kombucha beverage from black-aged garlic was optimized using response surface methodology. The design was developed based on a Box-Behnken design, with black-aged garlic (BAG) (10-20g), sucrose concentration (10–20% w/v) and ratio of SCOBY: BAG (0.5-1.0). The optimal composition consisted of 10.9-15.0g of BAG, 19.3-19.9% w/v and 0.7-1.0 SCOBY ratio, which provided a high level of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents (89.43 mg GAE 100 g-1 and 48.80 mg RE 100 g-1, respectively. Furthermore, GC-O-MS analysis revealed the presence of nine aroma-active compounds, including organosulfur compounds (diallyl trisulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide), alcohols (α-terpineol, amyl alcohols, laevo-borneol, furanoid), an octacosane, a butyric acid, and a phenolic molecule, which were found to be the most abundant. This study demonstrated the development of a functional beverage derived from black-aged garlic, which was achieved through investigating the kombucha process.

Background: Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a prevalent multifactorial ocular disease characterized by a vicious cycle of inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction on the ocular surface, all of which lead to DED deterioration and impair the patients' quality of life and social functioning. Currently, anti-inflammatory drugs have shown promising efficacy in treating DED; however, such drugs are associated with side effects. The bioavailability of ocular drugs is less than 5% owing to factors such as rapid tear turnover and the presence of the corneal barrier. This calls for investigations to overcome these challenges associated with ocular drug administration. Results: A novel hierarchical action liposome nanosystem (PHP-DPS@INS) was developed in this study. In terms of delivery, PHP-DPS@INS nanoparticles (NPs) overcame the ocular surface transport barrier by adopting the strategy of "ocular surface electrostatic adhesion-lysosomal site-directed escape". In terms of therapy, PHP-DPS@INS achieved mitochondrial targeting and antioxidant effects through SS-31 peptide, and exerted an anti-inflammatory effect by loading insulin to reduce mitochondrial inflammatory metabolites. Ultimately, the synergistic action of "anti-inflammation-antioxidation-mitochondrial function restoration" breaks the vicious cycle associated with DED. The PHP-DPS@INS demonstrated remarkable cellular uptake, lysosomal escape, and mitochondrial targeting in vitro. Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that PHP-DPS@INS effectively normalized the elevated level of mitochondrial proinflammatory metabolite fumarate in an in vitro hypertonic model of DED, thereby reducing the levels of key inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Additionally, PHP-DPS@INS strongly inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and facilitated mitochondrial structural repair. In vivo, the PHP-DPS@INS treatment significantly enhanced the adhesion duration and corneal permeability of the ocular surface in DED mice, thereby improving insulin bioavailability. It also restored tear secretion, suppressed ocular surface damage, and reduced inflammation in DED mice. Moreover, it demonstrated favorable safety profiles both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: In summary, this study successfully developed a comprehensive DED management nanosystem that overcame the ocular surface transmission barrier and disrupted the vicious cycle that lead to dry eye pathogenesis. Additionally, it pioneered the regulation of mitochondrial metabolites as an anti-inflammatory treatment for ocular conditions, presenting a safe, efficient, and innovative therapeutic strategy for DED and other inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the gradual expansion of aquaculture industry in China, the frequent occurrence of diseases in aquatic animal aquaculture and the pollution of aquatic water are becoming more and more serious. The long-term use of antibiotics and traditional vaccines in aquaculture has caused water pollution, drug-resistant strains, antibiotic residues, and other problems, which restricts the healthy development of aquaculture industry. Plant polysaccharides play an important role in replacing antibiotics. Plant polysaccharides exist in the leaves, flowers, roots, stems, and fruits of plants. They are macromolecular polymers that connect various monosaccharides by glycosidic bonds. Plant polysaccharides have the advantages of safety, high efficiency, low residue and no drug resistance. Plant polysaccharides have many biological functions, such as regulating immunity, anti-oxidation, lowering blood sugar, anti-tumor, and improving intestinal health. The application of plant polysaccharides in animal production can improve body health, enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity, and improve production performance. Therefore, this paper mainly reviewed the physicochemical properties, biological functions of plant polysaccharides and their application in aquaculture, so as to provide a reference for their further promotion and application in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic nonextreme sun exposure induces two mechanisms of skin pigmentation, causing immediate darkening and delayed tanning. A new molecule, 2‐mercaptonicotinoyl glycine (2‐MNG), has been shown in vitro to inhibit both immediate darkening and new melanin synthesis via covalent conjugation of the thiol group of 2‐MNG to melanin precursors. Objective: To evaluate 2‐MNG in preventing both mechanisms in vivo. Methods: In a randomized, intra‐individual and controlled study, 33 subjects with melanin‐rich skin were exposed to UV daylight on designated areas on the back and treated with a cosmetic formula containing 0.5% or 1% 2‐MNG alone or 0.5% 2‐MNG in association with lipohydroxy acid (LHA, 0.3%) plus Mexoryl‐SX (MSX, 1.5%). The respective vehicles were used as controls and 4‐n‐butyl‐resorcinol (4‐n‐BR, 2.5%) as a positive reference. Results: 2‐MNG alone significantly reduced immediate darkening and inhibited new melanin production when compared with vehicle, with higher performance at 1% than at 0.5%. 2‐MNG at 0.5% in association with LHA and MSX showed significantly higher performance than 2‐MNG 0.5% alone. 2‐MNG at 0.5% and 1% showed significantly better performance than 4‐n‐BR. Conclusions: 2‐MNG inhibited both UV‐induced skin pigmentation mechanisms in vivo. The association of 2‐MNG with LHA plus MSX showed the highest efficacy on melanin‐rich skin with pigmentation induced by UV exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory immune-related skin disease. According to literature reports, the leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera exhibit antioxidant, immune-enhancing and antibacterial effects. These leaves are not only used clinically for the treatment of superficial fungal infections and hepatitis, but also used in the development of health food. However, the treatment of psoriasis with the leaves of B. papyrifera has not been reported yet. The in vitro antioxidant activity of B. papyrifera leaf extract was investigated by DPPH, OH and ABTS assays. Furthermore, IMQ was used to induce a mouse psoriasis-like model and HE staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and biochemical kits were used to measure relevant pathological indexes. The results showed that the B. papyrifera leaf extract has certain antioxidant capacity in vitro, which was positively correlated with its concentration. In addition, the extract can not only improve IMQ-induced skin damage on the back of mice, inhibit TNF-α and IL-6 factor secretion, but also regulate activity of SOD and the serum levels of MDA. Its mechanism of action related to inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors and the regulation of oxidative stress in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the effects of mat Pilates training on blood pressure, inflammatory, and antioxidative markers in hypertensive elderly people, 34 hypertensive subjects aged 60–75 years were randomly divided into a control group (CON; n = 17) and a mat Pilates training group (MP; n = 17). The CON participants conducted normal daily activities and participated in neither organized exercises nor sports training, while those in the MP group received mat Pilates training for 60 min three times/week for 12 weeks. Parameters including blood pressure, cardiovascular function, nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malonaldehyde (MDA) were collected at baseline and the end of 12 weeks. The MP group had significantly decreased blood pressure, improved cardiovascular variables, decreased MDA and TNF-α, and increased NO and SOD compared with the CON group and the pre-training period (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings demonstrate the positive effects of 12 weeks of mat Pilates training in terms of reducing blood pressure and increasing blood flow related to improvements in anti-inflammatory and antioxidative markers in hypertensive elderly people. Mat Pilates training might be integrated as an alternative therapeutic exercise modality in clinical practice for hypertensive elderly individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: Heterostructure constructed via confining crystalline ruthenium nanodomains by hafnium dioxide matrix was fabricated through a two-step annealing method for overall water splitting. The synergistic effect of hafnium dioxide modification and small crystalline domain formation significantly alleviates the over-oxidation of ruthenium. Durable and efficient bi-functional catalyst, that is capable of both oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction under acidic condition, are highly desired for the commercialization of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. Herein, we report a robust L-Ru/HfO2 heterostructure constructed via confining crystalline Ru nanodomains by HfO2 matrix. When assembled with a proton exchange membrane, the bi-functional L-Ru/HfO2 catalyst-based electrolyzer presents a voltage of 1.57 and 1.67 V to reach 100 and 300 mA cm-2 current density, prevailing most of previously reported Ru-based materials as well as commercial Pt/C||RuO2 electrolyzer. It is revealed that the synergistic effect of HfO2 modification and small crystalline domain formation significantly alleviates the over-oxidation of Ru. More importantly, this synergistic effect facilitates a dual-site oxide path during the oxygen evolution procedure via optimization of the binding configurations of oxygenated adsorbates. As a result, the Ru active sites maintain the metallic state along with reduced energy barrier for the rate-determining step (*O→*OOH). Both of water adsorption and dissociation (Volmer step) are strengthened, while a moderate hydrogen binding is achieved to accelerate the hydrogen desorption procedure (Tafel step). Consequently, the activity and stability of acidic overall water splitting are simultaneously enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 100-day feeding trial was conducted to explore the effects of adding faba bean in feed on liver organizational structure, antioxidant capacity, lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism of genetically improved farmed tilapia. A total of 600 tilapia with an initial weight of (500.23 ± 0.34) g were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 50 fish in each replicate. Four isoproteic and isolipidic extruded diets were formulated by adding 0% faba bean (as control C0), 15% faba bean (C15), 30% faba bean(C30) and 60% faba bean (C60). The results showed that: ① compared with the control group, C15, C30 and C60 groups showed intracytoplasmic vacuoles and macrophage centers. ② Compared with the control group, the C15, C30 and C60 groups had significantly declined serum and liver hydrogen peroxide activities (P<0.05), and significantly enancecl malondialdehyde content and aspartate aminotransferase activity (P<0.05); In the C60 group, the blood glucose level was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly increased (P<0.05). ③ Compared with the control group, the activities of pyruvate kinase and hexokinase in the C15, C30, C60 group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the C15, C30 and C60 groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05). ④ Compared with the control group, the C60 group had significantly lower activity of fatty acid synthase (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the activities of lipoprotein lipase and liver lipase among the groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 30% and 60% of faba bean can significantly enhance the ability of glycolytic ability in the liver of tilapia; dietary inclusion of 60% of faba bean can significantly decline the activity of fatty acid synthase and the antioxidant capacity of serum and liver; dietary inclusion of 15%, 30% and 60% of faba bean can destroy the liver tissue structure of tilapia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB), a traditional medicinal herb, has been reported to have pharmacological effect including protection against liver, neuron and kidney toxicity. However, explanation of its underlying mechanisms remains a great challenge. This study investigated the protective effects of GEB extract on vancomycin (VAN)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and underlying mechanisms with emphasis on the anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis. The male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided three groups: control (CON) group, VAN group and GEB group with duration of 14 days. Results: The kidney weight and the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in the GEB group were lower than the VAN group. Histological analysis using hematoxylin & eosin and periodic acid Schiff staining revealed pathological changes of the VAN group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression levels of N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, myeloperoxidase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the GEB group were decreased when compared with the VAN group. The number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells, phosphohistone and malondialdehyde levels were lower in the GEB group than VAN group. The levels of total glutathione in the GEB group were higher than the VAN group. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggested that GEB extract prevents VAN-induced renal tissue damage through anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study undertaken aimed to rigorously standardize the primary phytochemical categories within the rhizome of Curcuma angustifolia, commonly referred to as Indian Arrowroot, by employing reverse-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). This research also ventured into assessing the antioxidant potential of rhizomederived extracts from Curcuma angustifolia. In this context, the ethanol extract of the Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. rhizome was meticulously analyzed for its content of vital phytochemicals such as flavonoids (0.013±0.78mg/ml), alkaloids (0.11±0.45mg/ml), and phenolics (4.08±0.08 mg/ml). The precision and accuracy of HPLC facilitated the identification and quantification of these significant compounds. Further, results from this study indicated that the extracts, with a particular emphasis on the ethanol extract, demonstrated notable antioxidant activities with IC50 values of 235.53±0.25µg/ml (DPPH Assay), 61.90±0.34µg/ml (Hydroxy Radical Assay), and 420.53±0.33µg/ml (Nitric Oxide Assay). This is primarily attributed to their capacity to scavenge free radicals effectively, highlighting the considerable potential of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. for ethnomedicinal use and its prospective pharmacological applications. The findings lay the groundwork for further exploration into the traditional medicinal applications of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. and its potential integration into pharmaceutical developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon coating layers have been found to improve the catalytic performance of transition metals, which is usually explained as an outcome of electronic synergistic effect. Herein we reveal that the defective graphitic carbon, with a unique interlayer gap of 0.342 nm, can be a highly selective natural molecular sieve. It allows efficient diffusion of hydrogen molecules or radicals both along the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane direction, but sterically hinders the diffusion of molecules with larger kinetic diameter (e.g., CO and O2) along the in‐plane direction. As a result, poisonous species lager than 0.342 nm are sieved out, even when their adsorption on the metal is thermodynamically strong; at the same time, the interaction between H2 and the metal is not affected. This natural molecular sieve provides a very chance for constructing robust metal catalysts for hydrogen‐relevant processes, which are more tolerant to chemical or electrochemical oxidation or CO‐relevant poisoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common and frequent ocular surface disease worldwide, which can cause severe ocular surface discomfort and blurred vision. Inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play decisive roles in the development of DED. However, existing treatments usually focus on anti-inflammation while ignore the role of ROS in DED. Ever worse, the clinical preparations are easily cleared by nasolacrimal ducts, resulting in poor therapeutic effect. To circumvent these obstacles, here we designed a phenylboronic acid (PBA) modified liposome co-loading immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA) and antioxidant crocin (Cro). The CsA/Cro PBA Lip achieved mucoadhesion through the formation of covalent bonds between PBA and the sialic acid residues on mucin, and consequently improved the retention of drugs on the ocular surface. By inhibiting ROS production and blocking NF-κB inflammatory pathway, CsA/Cro PBA Lip successfully promoted the healing of damaged corneal epithelium, eventually achieving the goal of relieving DED. CsA/Cro PBA Lip is proven a simple yet effective dual-drug delivery system, exhibiting superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo. This approach holds great potential in the clinical treatment of DED and other related mucosal inflammations. [Display omitted] • PBA modification prolongs the retention time of liposome on the ocular surface. • Synergistic anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant strategy for better efficacy. • The mucoadhesive dual-drug delivery system significantly alleviates DED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study evaluated the effects of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) peel (PPP) on salinity tolerance, growth, feed utilization, digestive enzymes, antioxidant capacity, and immunity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). PPP was incorporated into four iso-nitrogenous (280 g kg−1 protein) and iso-energetic (18.62 MJ kg−1) diets at 0 (PPP0), 1 (PPP1), 2 (PPP2), and 4 (PPP4) g kg−1. Fish (9.69 ± 0.2 g) (mean ± SD) were fed the diets for 75 days. Following the feeding experiment, fish were exposed to a salinity challenge (25‰) for 24 h. Fish survival was not affected by the dietary PPP inclusion either before or after the salinity challenge. Fish fed the PPP-supplemented diets showed lower aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, cortisol, and glucose levels compared to PPP0, with the lowest values being observed in PPP1. Fish fed dietary PPP had higher growth rates and feed utilization than PPP0. Quadratic regression analysis revealed that the best weight gain was obtained at 2.13 g PPP kg−1 diet. The highest activities of protease and lipase enzymes were recorded in PPP1, while the best value of amylase was recorded in PPP2, and all PPP values were higher than PPP0. Similarly, PPP1 showed higher activities of lysozyme, alternative complement, phagocytic cells, respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, and lower activity of malondialdehyde than in PPP0. Further increases in PPP levels above 2 g kg−1 diet led to significant retardation in the immune and antioxidant parameters. Thus, the inclusion of PPP at about 1 to or 2 g kg−1 diet can improve stress tolerance, immunity, and antioxidant capacity in Nile tilapia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Storage & Process is the property of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)