Search

Cities all over the world have developed on different geological-geomorphological substrates. Different kinds of human activities have operated for millennia as geomorphic agents, generating numerous and various erosion landforms and huge anthropogenic deposits. Considering the increasing demand for land and the expansion of the built-up areas involving and disturbing any kind of natural system inside and surrounding the actual urban areas, it is not negligible how important the dynamics of the urban environment and its physical evolution are. In this context, this manuscript addresses insights into eight case studies of urban geomorphological analyses of cities in Italy, Greece, and Brazil. The studies are based on surveying and mapping geomorphological processes and landforms in urban areas, supporting both geo-hazard assessment, historical evolution, and paleomorphologies, as well as disseminating knowledge of urban geoheritage and educating about the anthropogenic impact on urban sustainability. We hypothesize that urban geomorphological analysis of several case studies addresses the physical environment of modern cities in a multi-temporal, multidisciplinary, and critical way concerning global changes. Thus, this study aims to illustrate and propose a novel approach to urban geomorphological investigation as a model for the understanding and planning of the physical urban environment on a European and global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mavi Atlas is the property of Mavi Atlas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Geçmişten günümüze insanoğlunun artan talepleri neticesinde doğal ortam koşulları ile olan etkileşim ve bu ortamlar üzerindeki antropojenik baskı farklı boyutlara ulaşmıştır. Antropojenik kökenli meydana gelen bu baskılar jeomorfolojik süreç ve birimlerde değişimlere yol açabilmektedir. Belirtilen kapsamda bu çalışmada Marmara Adası’ndaki mermer ocaklarından kaynaklı değişimler antropojenik jeomorfoloji yaklaşımı ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada 1975–2020 yılları arası beşer yıllık periyotlar halinde ve 2022 yılına ait uydu görüntülerinden mermer ocaklarındaki değişimin zamansal ve alansal boyutları tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra 1985 ve 2022 yılları uydu görüntülerine Normalleştirilmiş Bitki Fark İndeksi, Normalleştirilmiş Yapay Alan Farkı İndeksi, Normalleştirilmiş Geçirimsiz Yüzey İndeksi analizleri yapılarak antropojenik değişimin boyutu saptanmıştır. 2022 yılı uydu görüntüsü üzerinden ise adanın yer yüzeyi sıcaklığı tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bütün bulgular korelasyona tabi tutulmuş ve tekrar analiz edilerek değişim verileri nokta bulutuna dönüştürülmüştür. Daha sonra bu veriler düzenlenmiş, IDW yöntemi ile enterpole edilerek Marmara Adası’nın antropojenik kaynaklı rölyef değişim modeli oluşturulmuştur. Marmara Adası’nın kuzeyinde son 47 yılda 2,5 artışla doğu-batı yönünde genişleyen mermer ocakları sahasında topoğrafya ortalama 4,3 metre değiştirilmiştir. En yüksek değişim boyutunun 32 metreye ulaştığı mermer ocakları sahasında yer yüzeyi sıcaklığının adadaki diğer arazi kullanım sahalarına göre 1,2°C artış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.

As a result of the increasing demands of human beings from the past to the present, the interaction with the natural environment conditions and the anthropogenic pressure on these environments have reached different dimensions. These pressures of anthropogenic origin can also lead to changes in geomorphological conditions and elements. In this study, the changes originating from the marble quarries in Marmara Island were analyzed with the anthropogenic geomorphology approach. In the study, the temporal and spatial dimensions of the change in marble quarries were determined in five-year periods between 1975 and 2020 and from satellite images of 2022. Then, the extent of anthropogenic change was determined by analyzing the Normalized Vegetation Difference Index, Normalized Artificial Area Difference Index, and Normalized Impervious Surface Index on the satellite images between 1985 and 2022. The ground surface temperature of the island was determined from the 2022 satellite image. All the data obtained were correlated and reanalyzed, and the change data were converted into point cloud data. Then, these data were interpolated with the modified IDW method, and the anthropogenic-sourced relief change model of Marmara Island was created. In the area of marble quarries, which have expanded in the east-west direction with an increase of 2.5 in the last 47 years in the north of Marmara Island, the topography has changed by an average of 4.3 meters. It has been determined that the ground surface temperature in the marble quarries area, where the highest change size reaches 32 meters, increased by 1.2°C compared to other sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities all over the world have developed on different geological-geomorphological substrates. Different kinds of human activities have operated for millennia as geomorphic agents, generating numerous and various erosion landforms and huge anthropogenic deposits. Considering the increasing demand for land and the expansion of the built-up areas involving and disturbing any kind of natural system inside and surrounding the actual urban areas, it is not negligible how important the dynamics of the urban environment and its physical evolution are. In this context, this manuscript addresses insights into eight case studies of urban geomorphological analyses of cities in Italy, Greece, and Brazil. The studies are based on surveying and mapping geomorphological processes and landforms in urban areas, supporting both geo-hazard assessment, historical evolution, and paleomorphologies, as well as disseminating knowledge of urban geoheritage and educating about the anthropogenic impact on urban sustainability. We hypothesize that urban geomorphological analysis of several case studies addresses the physical environment of modern cities in a multi-temporal, multidisciplinary, and critical way concerning global changes. Thus, this study aims to illustrate and propose a novel approach to urban geomorphological investigation as a model for the understanding and planning of the physical urban environment on a European and global scale.

This work consists of the application of a new geomorphological mapping methodology with a focus on anthropogenic landforms. The study area is the central sector of the metropolitan region of Joao Pessoa, where densely urbanized areas and rural areas are found, but with high human intervention. The geomorphological mapping methodology proposed in this work was developed from Brazilian, English, and Italian experiences and included extensive field trips. The result was quite satisfactory where the final map represents from the present geological foundation (morphostructure) to the current anthropogenic landforms. A broad and integrated legend representing all mapped taxa was also proposed. The geomorphological map produced, in addition to being a synthesis of the geomorphological research carried out, is an important tool for urban and environmental planning.

We conducted one of the first complex geomorphological investigations of underground abandoned slate mines in Czechia, Central Europe. Sixty types of subterranean geomorphic forms were described from 114 abandoned underground slate mines in the Nízký Jeseník Upland. The forms, evaluated according to their type, scale, frequency, and fragility, are independent of each other or embedded. Their cascades occur in large multilevel mines affected by fluvial and gravitational processes. Analysis of the microforms revealed mine pearls enriched with titanium, calcareous soda-straw stalactites, amorphous calcareous-sulphurous piles, and quartz veins. Forty-seven of the identified mines were affected by gravitational failures. Four-year measurements of cracks revealed both negligible oscillations and distinct displacement of rock blocks up to 4 mm. The range of described geomorphic forms together with identified cascades and measured crack displacement point to rich geodiversity and high dynamics within the abandoned mines. Compared to other subterranean geosystems, the geomorphology of abandoned underground slate mines remains poorly investigated, although knowledge of subterranean geomorphic systems is crucial for future natural evaluation, risk assessment, remediation, or tourist management of abandoned mining sites. The recent results are applicable to other types of abandoned mines in the world. However, we should expect new findings and investigation of as yet undescribed geomorphic forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferenc Erdősi was born on April 19, 1934 in Pécs, Hungary. He first graduated from the University of Szeged as a teacher of Geography and Geology, and then from the Faculty of Humanities at the Eötvös Loránd University as a teacher of History. He became the doctor of Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1989 and was appointed university professor in 1993. In the last two decades, he has dealt with transport geography and the study of the territorial effects of telematics. In 2004, he was awarded the Gábor Baross Prize and the Knight’s Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary. In 2010, he was awarded the Officer’s Cross. The subsequently semi-structured interview was conducted in September 2021, at his home. The purpose of this discussion was to gain a better understanding of the important moments in the professor’s life, the milieu that played a role in shaping his professional career. Our aim was also to present the virtues, challenges and tasks of Hungarian Geography through the experiences of this conversation.

The rapid expansion of urban areas has been a feature of the industrial age. Landscape features have been replaced or transformed to accommodate the needs of an increasingly urban society. Our study focuses on the disappearance or transformation of man-made ponds in the historic region of Bohemia in the Czech Republic. Using current and historic maps, orthophotography and a digital terrain model, we have identified over one thousand former ponds within the 34 cities that were selected. The original dam structures have been identified in association with 437 ponds, most of which have been used as embankments for transport infrastructure. In areas within the immediate vicinity of the cities, modern agriculture now utilizes the sites of former ponds. The Main Map shows the results of our survey, revealing the quantity and nature of this landscape change together with a detailed case study in the city of Pilsen.

Copyright of lnternational Journal of Geography & Geography Education is the property of Marmara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While the geomorphological elements are shaped by various dynamic processes, the involvement of human beings in this process has led to changes in different dimensions and led to the emergence of the concept of anthropogenic geomorphology. In this study, anthropogenic geomorphology elements can be observed with different factors in Istanbul-Atasehir district, the old and new topographic data compared with the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and different anthropogenic units that play a role in this change is investigated. In this study, a systematic method consisting of several stages was used to determine relief change and anthropogenic effect factors. Land use status and changing conditions in Ataşehir were determined by satellite images, and relief changes were analyzed and compared in three different stages over the digital elevation model of the past and present. At the end of the study, most of the relief change analyzes determined were subjected to correlation analysis with anthropogenic factor units and sub-parameters and the relationship between them was explained. As a result of the research, 29% of the districts were observed to have relief changes, and according to different analyzes, the topographic surface was re-arranged at many points of the land at micro and macro scale.

The rapid expansion of urban areas has been a feature of the industrial age. Landscape features have been replaced or transformed to accommodate the needs of an increasingly urban society. Our study focuses on the disappearance or transformation of man-made ponds in the historic region of Bohemia in the Czech Republic. Using current and historic maps, orthophotography and a digital terrain model, we have identified over one thousand former ponds within the 34 cities that were selected. The original dam structures have been identified in association with 437 ponds, most of which have been used as embankments for transport infrastructure. In areas within the immediate vicinity of the cities, modern agriculture now utilizes the sites of former ponds. The Main Map shows the results of our survey, revealing the quantity and nature of this landscape change together with a detailed case study in the city of Pilsen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Marmara University Social Sciences Institute / Öneri is the property of Marmara University, Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to complicated backgrounds and unclear target orientation, automated object detection is difficult in the field of archaeology. Most of the current convolutional neural network (CNN) object‐oriented detection techniques are based on a faster region‐based CNN (R‐CNN) and other one‐stage detectors that often lack adequate processing speeds and detection accuracies. Recently, the two‐stage detector Mask R‐CNN technique achieved impressive results in object detection and instance segmentation problems and was successfully applied in the analysis of archaeological airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. In this study, we outline a modified Mask R‐CNN technique that reliably and efficiently detects relict charcoal hearth (RCH) sites on light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data‐based digital elevation models (DEMs). Using image augmentation and image preprocessing steps combined with the deep learning‐based adaptive gradient method with a dynamic bound on the learning rate (AdaBound) optimization technique, we could improve the model's accuracy and significantly reduce its training time. We use DEMs based on high‐resolution LiDAR data and the visualization for archaeological topography (VAT) technique that give images with a very strong contrast of the terrain and the outline of the sites of interest in the North German Lowland. Therefore, the model can identify RCH sites with an average recall of 83% and an average precision of 87%. Techniques such as the modified Mask R‐CNN method outlined here will help to greatly improve our knowledge about archaeological site densities in the realm of historical charcoal production and past human‐landscape interactions. This method provides an accurate, time‐efficient and bias‐free large‐scale site mapping option not only for the North German Lowland but potentially for other landscapes as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing availability of high‐resolution digital elevation models (DEMs), large‐scale mapping of anthropogenic relief features has become feasible for more areas. However, the landscape‐scale distribution patterns of anthropogenic landforms and the quality of DEM‐based mapping can be highly heterogeneous. In this study, we mapped relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) in two study regions with differing environmental backgrounds, covering forest areas of more than 15,000 km2, analyzed the RCH distributions and evaluated possibilities for predictive modeling of RCH occurrence with respect to natural and cultural landscape structures. More than 45,000 RCHs were recorded in each region, with high site densities even in areas remote from charcoal‐consuming industries. Variations in the quality of DEM‐based mapping were related to small‐scale differences in the DEM quality and larger‐scale substrate heterogeneity. A clear association between RCHs and historical industrial sites was found in the Northern European Lowland; while the density of mapped RCHs was predominantly related to geology and morphology in the lower mountain ranges. The results show that variations in mapping quality across scales and the natural and cultural background of a region need to be considered so that the mapping of anthropogenic relief features can contribute to an improved understanding of land‐use history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mountaintop removal/valley fill coal mining (MTR/VF) in central Appalachia has buried an estimated 4000 km of headwater streams, but the long‐term geomorphic consequences of the anthropogenic valley fills and associated mined landscapes are poorly understood. These anthropogenic landscapes are not intended to be maintained in perpetuity once reclamation is complete. Here we present the first ever field‐based study of erosional landforms on this type of mined landscape paired with the subsequent examination of 10 regional LiDAR (light detection and ranging) datasets for gullies and landslides in a transect from eastern Kentucky to central West Virginia. Field observations indicate that overtopping of or intentional discharge from drainage systems and overtopping of valley fill terraces can initiate gullying. We manually extracted 1328 gullies from 512 km2 of mined landscape within the LiDAR datasets. Gullies are predominantly located along the perimeter of the mined landscape with the majority of gullies associated with drainage systems. The number of gullies linearly scales with mined area (R2 = 0.66). We observed 387 landslides along the perimeter of MTR/VF. Within the datasets, landslides per km2 ranged from 0.1 to 3.9. We observed 34 landslides within fully reclaimed valley fills, a heretofore undocumented phenomenon. Over 90% of these landslides were in Kentucky datasets, which covered only 47% of total mined area analyzed. Previously measured regional differences in the angle of friction of mine spoils or construction practices may explain the abundance of gullies and elevated level of landslide occurrence in eastern Kentucky valley fills relative to West Virginia. Observations of erosion on regionally extensive MTR/VF landscapes warrant further study to better ascertain ecological impacts. Large‐scale alteration by surface mining in steep landscapes may generally lead to peripheral gully erosion. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in anthropogenic sources identified in the processes of urban expansion, suppression of vegetation, soil sealing, changes in the drainage cycle and their influence on the diversity of environmental systems are characterized as aspects that can generate negative environmental impacts. From this theme, it is necessary to develop techniques that make possible the comprehension of the temporal extension of these modifications. Since then, the proposal for the use of more specific geoindicators has been widely considered within the scientific community as a method to aid in the recognition of the probable changes identified in the landscape, space and temporal scales that can contribute to the identification of probable environmental impacts and/or in the planning of mitigating actions. Thus, the present article aimed to understand the role of geoindicators in the identification of probable changes originating from anthropogenic actions in urbanized environments. In addition, it proposes to present and discuss the different proposals of geoindicators that can be used in the identification of hydrogeomorphological modifications diagnosed in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geomorphological elements developed and changed by the influence of many dynamic processes and factors have begun to gain different dimensions and appearances under the influence of human activities. The fact that humanity has become a direct and indirect effective actor in many interventions on relief has led to the development of anthropogenic geomorphology. In this study, the anthropogenic geomorphology of the Dilderesi Basin, located within the boundaries of Kocaeli province, was investigated. In this research, a multi-step systematic was applied with the geographical perspective by using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and different analysis and evaluation methods were tried. First of all, land use and changes occurred in the basin in 1985, 2000 and 2019 were determined. Afterwards, anthropogeomorphology map of the basin was created by considering the anthropogenic geomorphology systematics of different researchers, quantitative data were produced, analyzed and evaluated. The geological, geomorphological and hydrographic conditions in the areas where the anthropogenic pressure is intense are analyzed again and the reasons of the distribution are questioned. In order to obtain quantitative and more accurate data of relief change in the basin, over 500 points were determined in the field, satellite images, observation and measurements in field studies and effect-change map were produced. Based on many geographical elements of Dilderesi Basin, three different anthropogenic geomorphology impact scenarios have been produced with analytical hierarchy process within the scope of different impact values. As a result of the studies, it has been observed that land use changes have been experienced in the Dilderesi Basin from the past to the present day, and especially the anthropogenic geomorphology conditions in the south and west of the basin cause changes and effects on the topographic appearance. In addition, it was found that the biggest changes in relief were in quarries, main transportation routes and industrial areas and these areas affected the natural conditions of the basin by changing the topography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Man has been shaping and designing him ever since he was born. However, the machinery industry, which was developed with the industrial revolution, increased the arm strength of the human and the changes they created in the world compared to ancient people have increased tens of times. Man has made indirect and direct changes in many of the ecosystem elements. Geomorphology is one of them. Anthropogeomorphological forms created by man are quite common in Atakum (Samsun). In the district, the forms consisting of quarry and construction-excavation piles have the largest share in anthropogeomorphic structures. Apart from this, coastal structures constructed for both tourism-sports and coastal management purposes are another anthropogeomorphic structures with a large share. These landforms created by human influence in the district caused loss of agricultural land, soil texture degradation, coastal line regression, erosion, mass movements and environmental pollution. Remote sensing and geographic information system technologies (GIS) were used in the preparation of the study. Qgıs 3.6 and ArcMap 10.5 GIS software were used to make databases, maps and analysis of anthropogeomorphological shapes in Atakum district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alluvial plains represent preferable areas for human settling for their suitability to agriculture activities, and many studies strengthen the interpretation of floodplains as complex human–water systems. The Late Holocene development of the Central Po Plain has a long-lasting connection with anthropogenic activities. In the study area, human land and water management, in association with different Late Holocene climate phases, deeply affected the geomorphological evolution of the Central Po Plain. The geomorphological and archaeomorphological features detected in this study represent valuable datasets of information about the evolution of this portion of the Po Plain in the Late Holocene. This paper aims to quantify the potential of archaeological and historical data in contextualising the anthropogenic geomorphological features and reconstructing how man affected the natural geomorphological processes. Through a multi-disciplinary approach that combines archaeomorphological and geomorphological investigations, we identify visible and invisible landforms developed in four different historical periods, and that corresponds to potential "geoarchaeomorphosites". In the study area, the modern landscape consists of a cultural palimpsest of four different palaeolandscape layers characterised by peculiar landforms. After an in-depth analysis of present and past geomorphic features deriving from the reciprocal interaction between human and floodplain dynamics since Prehistory, this study suggests geoconservation and valorisation practices. Finally, starting from potential geoarchaeomorphosites, four geo-educational itineraries are proposed to promote future geotourism projects of the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artisanal and small-scale mining (A&SM) is a growing economic sector in many third-world countries. This review focuses on anthropo-geomorphic factors and processes associated with small-scale opencast mining (SSOM), a form of A&SM in which near-surface ores are extracted by removing relatively thin covers of soil, bedrock or sediments. Being widespread and commonly conducted without proper planning and beyond the control of local authorities, this form of mining has potentially large impacts on landforms and landscape dynamics, often resulting in drastic consequences for the local environment and agriculture. SSOM should be regarded as a component of anthropogenic geomorphology because it involves the role of humans in creating landforms and modifying the operation of natural geomorphological processes, such as weathering, erosion, transport and deposition. By initiating new and modifying natural geomorphic processes, SSOM causes and/or accelerates geomorphic processes, resulting in various forms of land degradation. While the direct geomorphic impact of SSOM is in general easily discernible and leads to characteristic features, such as excavated pits and overburden spoil heaps, many secondary impacts are attributed to geomorphic processes triggered in the wake of the primary mining-induced landscape alterations. The magnitude of such secondary implications may well extend beyond the actual mining areas, but these effects have not been thoroughly addressed in the research so far. This review summarizes the known studies on the geomorphic impacts of SSOM operations and highlights common geomorphic processes and landforms associated with this type of anthropogenic activity, thus establishing a starting point for further in-depth research.

The paper provides an overview of various types of human impact on the geomorphic system in the Sudetes. The article sets the landform change in the temporal and spatial context and addresses the issue of persistence of landforms and other changes brought about by humans. This is discussed on the example of four representative case studies, reflecting both heterogeneity of the Sudetes and different levels of recognition of human – environment interactions during historical times. We discuss the direct and indirect geomorphic effects of human activities such as agriculture, ore and coal mining, quarrying, forestry and tourism, and the themes explored are soil and gully erosion, slope terracing, impact of quarrying, mining and road building, alteration of fluvial systems, and sedimentary record. In the Sudetes human impact started to play an increasing role in modifying geomorphic system since the 13–14th century but the trend was not linear, with periods of decreasing human impact, especially from the mid-20th century when many areas were abandoned. The persistence of human imprint in the Sudetes varies and is related to the type of activity and the size of anthropic landforms rather than to time elapsed since the activity ceased or the landform was created. The most altered geomorphic environments include areas subject to intense mining, bare, unprotected agricultural slopes, terraced slopes, and valley floors, which are “hot spots” of human impact. While mining left the most obvious legacy, the impact of agriculture was most widespread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Montanogenic landforms are commonly viewed as hazards by society, but they are also holders of specific and uncommon morphology with unique dynamics that act as remarks on landscape history. The Velké pinky stopes in the Zlatohorská Highlands, Eastern Sudetes, are naturally revitalized post-mining landforms with long-term geoecological succession. Their genetic origin is diverse but recent processes, such as deep-seated slope deformations, rockfalls and ground subsidence, have resulted in a distinct morphology dominated by rock walls and the accumulation of blocks and debris wedges. This morphology predisposes the stopes to become the core area of the most recent dynamic geomorphic activity within the wider, relatively homogenous area. By dendrogeomorphic techniques, we identified more than 20 rockfall events within three of the stopes with increased activity since the 1980s. Only the 1991 and 2006 events were identical for all three stopes. We obtained the years of exposures from 10 roots, revealing the ground subsidence and opening of tension cracks or even the lateral retreat of the flanks of minor depressions. The Schmidt hammer test revealed the most recent and fresh gravitational activity in one of the stopes. A relationship between the superficial morphology and underground structure was proven by electrical resistivity profiling. Compared to the previous studies engaged with the abandoned mines, we presented how complex their evolution can be. Our study brings new information about the historical development of anthropogenic relief forms. Moreover, our results suggest that standard research approaches can be successfully applied for development analysis of these specific forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term sacrifice zone has been applied within activism, journalism, and scholarship to a wide range of polluted and degraded areas, including places playing host to relatively new extractive activities. This article proposes a conceptual framework for analyzing the phenomenon of the sacrifice zone within the emerging research paradigm of critical physical geography, using the illustrative case of frac sand mining in western Wisconsin, USA. In this case, we find that the meanings of sacrifice and the sacrifice zone vary along two major dimensions—the object of sacrifice and the initiator of sacrifice—and we propose that future research should attend to relationships between these dimensions and the efficacy of the framing for influencing future landscape change. We also argue that analyses in critical physical geography require investigating how in controversial situations some physical geographic (and human geographic) explanations and accounts stabilize as “matters of fact” and others emerge as disputed “matters of concern.” The latter, we contend, generate the conditions that lend themselves to the “sacrifice zone” frame. We suggest that this distinction both complicates and enriches efforts to integrate social and biophysical explanations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of man's ability to reshape nature, human activities have become the third geomorphologic agent in the modern geomorphological process. Man-made landform is a landform unit characterized by human activities and is a result of synergizing human and nature geomorphologic agents under the physical geographical background. This article provides an overview on the major progresses in research on anthropogenic geomorphology from aspects like the origin of anthropogenic geomorphology, man-made landform agents and classification, man-made landform evolution and its influencing mechanism, map presentation of man-made landform, and environmental impact of man-made landforms. In addition, in the article, the future development of anthropogenic geomorphology is forecasted. It is pointed out that future studies on anthropogenic geomorphology should pay more attention to the following directions: construction of discipline system of anthropogenic geomorphology, material composition and morphological features of man-made landforms, spatial expansion process and development laws of man-made landforms, regional disparity and accumulative environmental effects of man-made landforms, and environmental management on man-made landforms and comparative analyses of relevant international management policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study intends to give an introduction to the significance of quarrying from the point of view of anthropogenic geomorphology, indicating the level of surface forming due to the mining of mineral raw materials. The significance of this topic is supported by the existence of the so-called “mining landscapes” that emerged since to the 19th century. Authors focus on the geomorphic impact of quarrying with special emphasis on factors influencing its spatial distribution, as well as on the characteristics and classification of surface features produced by quarrying, providing an overview of the most important excavated and accumulated forms and form components, on the macro, meso and micro scales. Finally, international and Hungarian case studies illustrate some aspects of the opening and after-use of mining sites in order to observe how abandoned quarries can be turned into „environmental values”, and used as possible sites for exhibitions or for regional and tourism development projects.

Large scale anthropogenic relief changes result in a non-equilibrium landscape and such landscapes are prone to catastrophic erosion events during river floods. An example is the major flood event in western German in July 2021. During this event, the Erft River flooded an open gravel pit near the village of Erftstadt-Blessem, resulting in a massive erosional event, including the catastrophic destruction of parts of the settlement. Three different geomorphological periods occurred during the event: I) rapid backward erosion caused the destruction of the overlaying soils and floodplain sediments. Consequently, the gravel pit was filled with water and sediments. Three different pathways of backward erosion were activated during this period. II) Sedimentation in a temporary lake and the formation of alluvial fans. III) The Erft River moved towards the gravel pit due to the erosional processes followed by a second flood. Understanding of such complex erosional and depositional processes in open pit mining areas might serve as a blueprint for processes and hazards in anthropogenic influenced landscapes. • The paper describes a massive fluvial erosional event during an extreme flood in July 2021 in Germany caused by a deep gravel mine pit with very low base level. • Understanding such complex erosional and depositional processes in open pit mining areas might serve as a blueprint for processes and hazards in anthropogenic influenced floodplain landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satellite images are being more used in many areas of study to plan and manage human activities all over the world. are the main objects of study remote sensing tecniques are more applied in engineering construction that caused significant impacts. The interpration of images, maps and information is necessary to analyze the study area. Given this context, the aim of this work is point and understand the main geomorphlogic consequences resultant of the construction and operation of Gramame-Mamuaba dam in Conde-PB. Observations indicated that satellite images and thematic leaves, generated from Conde leaf 1:25.000, are important apparatus to characterize and analyze the area of research, because they provide qualitative and quantitative details needed for this analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconstruction of artificial or anthropogenic topographies, sediment thicknesses and volumes provides a mechanism for quantifying anthropogenic changes to sedimentary systems in the context of the proposed Anthropocene epoch. We present a methodology for determining the volumetric contribution of anthropogenic deposits to the geological and geomorphological record and apply it to the Great Yarmouth area of Norfolk, UK. 115 boreholes, drilled to a maximum depth of 6 m below ground level, were used to determine the thickness and distribution of seven geo-archaeological units comprising natural and anthropogenic deposits in the central Great Yarmouth area. This was supplemented by additional depth information derived from 467 existing ground investigation boreholes and published 1:50 000 scale geological maps. The top and base of each geo-archaeological unit were modelled from elevations recorded in the borehole data. Grids were produced using a natural neighbour analysis with a 25 m cell size using MapInfo 8.0 Vertical Mapper 3.1 to produce palaeotopographical surfaces. Maximum, minimum and average elevations for each geo-archaeological unit generally increase with decreasing age with the exception of the Early-Medieval palaeotopographical surface which locally occurs at higher elevations than that of the younger Late-Medieval unit. The total sediment volume for the combined Modern, Post-Medieval, Late-Medieval and Early-Medieval geo-archaeological units is 10.91 × 10 5 m 3 . The total sediment volume for the Aeolian, River Terrace and Marine geo-archaeological units combined is 65.58 × 10 5 m 3 . Anthropogenic sedimentation rates were calculated to increase from ~ 590 m 3 /yr during the Early-Medieval period, ~ 1500 m 3 /yr during the Post-Medieval period and ~ 2300 m 3 /yr during the Modern period. It is estimated that the combined anthropogenic geo-archaeological units contribute approximately 15% of the total volume of sediments that would have been traditionally considered natural Holocene deposits in the Great Yarmouth area. The results indicate that an approach combining geological and archaeological deposit modelling can be used to quantify anthropogenic landscape impact and its associated sediment flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opera Corcontica is the property of Sprava Krkonosskeho Narodniho Parku and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Urban development practices redistribute surface materials through filling, grading, and terracing, causing drastic changes to the geomorphic organization of the landscape. Many studies document the hydrologic, biologic, or geomorphic consequences of urbanization using space-for-time comparisons of disparate urban and rural landscapes. However, no previous studies have documented geomorphic changes from development using multiple dates of high-resolution topographic data at the watershed scale. This study utilized a time series of five sequential light detection and ranging (LiDAR) derived digital elevation models (DEMs) to track watershed geomorphic changes within two watersheds throughout development (2002-2008) and across multiple spatial scales (0.01-1km²). Development-induced changes were compared against an undeveloped forested watershed during the same time period. Changes in elevations, slopes, hypsometry, and surface flow pathways were tracked throughout the development process to assess watershed geomorphic alterations. Results suggest that development produced an increase in sharp topographic breaks between relatively flat surfaces and steep slopes, replacing smoothly varying hillslopes and leading to greater variation in slopes. Examinations of flowpath distributions highlight systematic modifications that favor rapid convergence in unchanneled upland areas. Evidence of channel additions in the form of engineered surface conduits is apparent in comparisons of pre- and post-development stream maps. These results suggest that topographic modification, in addition to impervious surfaces, contributes to altered hydrologic dynamics observed in urban systems. This work highlights important considerations for the use of repeat LiDAR flights in analyzing watershed change through time. Novel methods introduced here may allow improved understanding and targeted mitigation of the processes driving geomorphic changes during development and help guide future research directions for development-based watershed studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution proposes to analyze a single archaeological object crossed by different conservation processes, to isolate and understand the role of geomorphological parameters in the formation and the conservation of anthropogenic geomorphic features. For these purposes, this study characterizes the remnant morphologies of the WW1 railroad in the Montagne de Reims on the western front (France, Rheims sector) through LiDAR-derived digital terrain models combined with archival documents (maps and historical photographs), spatial analysis and field surveys. This study shows that the Heavy Railway Artillery (Artillerie Lourde sur Voie Ferrée - ALVF) is a significant morphogenic feature, preserved at more than 70%. However, this morphology is subject to a strong variability. Ruggedness analysis shows a much more pronounced morphology on the slopes than on the plateaus, demonstrating a difference in formation and preservation processes. For formation processes, the study's findings reveal that geotechnical constraints related to lithology and geomorphology can be overridden for military purposes. For conservation processes, they are largely dependent on land use practices. This research demonstrates that (i) the role of landscape and topographical parameters in the interpretability of features is predominant; (ii) military engineering has been able to adapt to a much diversified topography. • Study of WW1 railway artillery in Montagne de Reims (Marne, France). • Variability analysis of war morphologies according to their geomorphological context. • Integrated methods combining textual and cartographic archives, GIS, Lidar. • The formation and preservation of the rail footprint is driven by geomorphology. • War overrides natural processes for military purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study which examines the various factors affecting the creation and extension of Garmsar alluvial fans. The material and method used in the study is discussed. The study reveals the basic and essential factors affecting the creation and extension which includes the morphology and sediment, climate and hydrology.