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In this study, the pressure changes in the internal flow in pipes of different material types were investigated experimentally and numerically. For this study, 2000 mm long pipes made of 5 different materials were used. Different Reynolds numbers (Re = 45832,12- 51276,56) were obtained by changing the fluid flow rate. Pressure change along the pipe with the change of the Reynolds number was experimentally observed. The flow rate change intervals of the flow are adjusted by changing the filling times of a fixed volume water tank. The 3D model of the experiment set was created in SOLIDWORKS 2018 and ANSYS FLUENT 18.1 numerical analysis program was used for the numerical model. Experimental data obtained for aluminum smooth pipes are modeled with less than 1% error by numerical analysis. The experiment set was verified by numerical analysis. Other pipes were mounted on this test set and pressure changes along the pipe and with time were experimentally observed. The suitability of flow rate and pressure measurement ranges and the accuracy of classification were supported by the ANOVA technique analysis method. As a result of, appropriate flow variation, pipe diameter ranges and pipe material classifications are presented as a contribution to the literature. It has been observed that pipe materials can be classified as hard metals (iron, galvanized steel, etc.), soft metals (copper, aluminum, etc.) and plastic (PPRC, etc.).

The present study mainly focuses on the different combinations of significant operating parameters like inlet relative humidity of anode gas and cathode gas, operating pressure, and nature of cathode gas on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell using validated 3-D, single-phase, and non-isothermal model with the help of ANSYS FLUENT 18.1 package. The results of different combinations on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell are compared with independent effects of the operating parameters. Results revealed that the combined operating parameters' effect on the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is deviated significantly (up to 5%) compared to the expected summation of individual parameters effect which is considerable in fuel cell scaling and stack applications. Nature of gas, operating pressure, and inlet cathode gas relative humidity are the most significant parameters in the automobile applications which have to be dealt with care where the combination of changes in operating parameters is quite phenomenal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]