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Anisakijaza je zoonotsko oboljenje ljudi, uzrokovano trećim larvalnim stadijem nematoda iz familije Anisakidae. Najznačajnije vrste koje uzrokuju zoonozu i zdravstvene probleme kod ljudi su Anisakis simplex, A. pegreffii i Pseudoterranova decipiens. Ove parazitske vrste su prisutne i raširene u morima cijeloga svijeta. U životnom ciklusu nematoda iz familije Anisakidae čovjek je slučajni domaćin. U posljednjih deset godina u BiH, ispitivanja na prisustvo L3 infektivnih larvi većinom su obavljena na Odjeljenju za akvakulturu Veterinarskog instituta, Veterinarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu. U odnosu na tržište BiH, broj analiziranih uzoraka nije velik, ali je trend pozitivnih uzoraka kontinuiran. Od ukupno 707 pregledanih uzoraka, 153 uzorka su bila pozitivna na prisustvo Anisakis spp. U istraživanjima je po prvi put registrirano prisustvo Anisakis simplex u morskoj ribi porijeklom iz uzgoja i iz otvorenog mora u Neumskom zaljevu u BiH. S javnozdravstvenog aspekta takva riba predstavlja zoonotski rizik od anisakijaze i smatra se zdravstveno neispravnom i štetnom po zdravlje ljudi, te se nikako ne bi smjela pronaći na tržištu i biti dostupna konzumentima., Anisakiasis is a zoonotic disease of humans, caused by the third larval stage of nematodes from the Anisakidae family. The most important species causing zoonosis and health problems in humans are Anisakis simplex, A. pegreffii and Pseudoterranova decipiens. These parasitic species are present and widespread in the seas of the whole world. In the life cycle of nematodes from the family Anisakidae, human is an accidental host. In the last ten years in Bosnia and Herzegovina, analysis for the presence of L3 infective larvae were mostly carried out at the Aquaculture Department of the Veterinary Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sarajevo. The analyzed samples are not numerous in relation to the B&H market, but the trend of positive samples is continuous. Out of a total of 707 examined samples, 153 samples were positive for the presence of Anisakis spp. The presence of Anisakis simplex in farmed and open-sea marine fish was registered for the first time in the Bay of Neum in B&H. From the public health aspect, such fish represent a zoonotic risk of anisakiasis and are considered unhealthy and harmful to human health, and should never be found on the market or available to consumers. Key words: zoonosis, anisakiasis, fish, Anisakiasis ist eine Zoonose des Menschen, die durch das dritte Larvenstadium von Nematoden aus der Familie der Anisakidae verursacht wird. Die wichtigsten Arten, die Zoonosen und Gesundheitsprobleme beim Menschen verursachen, sind Anisakis simplex, A. pegreffii und Pseudoterranova decipiens. Diese parasitären Arten sind in den Meeren der ganzen Welt vertreten und weit verbreitet. Im Lebenszyklus der Nematoden aus der Familie der Anisakidae ist der Mensch ein zufälliger Wirt. In den letzten zehn Jahren wurden in Bosnien und Herzegowina Analysen auf das Vorhandensein von infektiösen L3-Larven hauptsächlich in der Aquakulturabteilung des Veterinärinstituts der Veterinärmedizinischen Fakultät der Universität Sarajevo durchgeführt. Die untersuchten Proben sind im Vergleich zum Markt von Bosnien und Herzegowina nicht sehr zahlreich, aber der Trend zu positiven Proben ist kontinuierlich. Von den insgesamt 707 untersuchten Proben waren 153 Proben positiv auf das Vorhandensein von Anisakis spp. Das Vorkommen von Anisakis simplex bei gezüchteten Fischen und Fischen aus dem offenen Meer wurde zum ersten Mal in der Bucht von Neum in Bosnien und Herzegowina registriert. Aus Sicht der öffentlichen Gesundheit stellen solche Fische ein Zoonoserisiko für Anisakiasis dar und gelten als ungesund und schädlich für die menschliche Gesundheit und sollten daher niemals auf den Markt kommen oder den Verbrauchern angeboten werden., La anisakiasis es una enfermedad zoonótica, causada por el tercer estadio larvario de nematodos de la familia Anisakidae. Las especies más importantes que causan zoonosis y problemas de salud en humanos son Anisakis simplex, A. pegreffii y Pseudoterranova decipiens. Estas especies parásitas están presentes y esparcidas en los mares de todo el mundo. En el ciclo de vida de los nematodos de la familia Anisakidae, el ser humano es un huésped accidental. En los últimos diez años en Bosnia y Herzegovina, los análisis de la presencia de larvas infectivas L3 se llevaron a cabo principalmente en el Departamento de Acuicultura del Instituto Veterinario de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad de Sarajevo. Las muestras analizadas no son numerosas en relación al mercado de Bosnia y Herzegovina, pero la tendencia de muestras positivas es continua. De un total de 707 muestras examinadas, 153 muestras resultaron positivas a la presencia de Anisakis spp. La presencia de Anisakis simplex en peces marinos de cultivo y de mar abierto fue registrada por primera vez en la Bahía de Neum en Bosnia y Herzegovina. Desde el punto de vista de la salud pública, dichos pescados representan un riesgo zoonótico de anisakiasis y se consideran insalubres y perjudiciales para la salud humana, y nunca deben encontrarse en el mercado o disponibles para los consumidores., L’anisakiasi è una malattia zoonotica dell’uomo, causata dal terzo stadio larvale dei nematodi della famiglia degli Anisakidae. Le specie più importanti che causano zoonosi e problemi di salute nell’uomo sono l’Anisakis simplex, l’A. pegreffii e la Pseudoterranova decipiens. Queste specie parassitarie sono presenti e diffuse nei mari di tutto il mondo. Nel ciclo vitale dei nematodi della famiglia Anisakidae, l’uomo è un ospite accidentale. Negli ultimi dieci anni in Bosnia ed Erzegovina, i test volti ad accertare la presenza di larve infettive L3 sono stati per lo più effettuati presso il Dipartimento di Acquacoltura dell’Istituto di Veterinaria della Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria presso l’Università degli studi di Sarajevo. Rispetto al mercato della Bosnia ed Erzegovina, il numero di campioni analizzati non è elevato, ma l’andamento dei campioni positivi è continuo. Su un totale di 707 campioni esaminati, 153 campioni sono risultati positivi alla presenza di Anisakis spp. La ricerca ha registrato per la prima volta la presenza di Anisakis simplex nei pesci di allevamento e di mare aperto provenienti dalla baia di Neum, in Bosnia ed Erzegovina. Dal punto di vista della salute pubblica, tale pesce rappresenta un rischio zoonotico (rischio di anisakiasi). Poiché è considerato nocivo e dannoso per la salute umana, non dovrebbe mai trovarsi sul mercato ed essere accessibile ai consumatori.

There is an increasing reporting of Anisakiasis in humans at the world level and this disease has become a concern for the public health and for the fish and derived product trade. Humans acquire the infection by the ingestion of live larvae present in raw or almost raw (e.g., marinate, salted) fish products if the processing is insufficient to devitalize the worms. The aim of this study was to asses a dry salting process in killing Anisakis pegreffii larvae in naturally infected European anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus) and to evaluate the quality assessment. The results show that a dry salting process with a salt concentration of 21% in all parts of the anchovy fillets devitalize A. pegreffii larvae in a 15 day period. The finished product showed a good panel acceptance and anchovies reached a good quality grade.

The consumption of the hake Merluccius merluccius is widespread in European countries, where this fish has a high commercial value. To date, different larval species of Anisakis have been identified as parasites in M. merluccius from European waters, Anisakis pegreffii and Anisakis simplex (s. s.) being the two most common. The aim of the study is to present data on the occurrence of Anisakis spp. larvae in the viscera and flesh of M. merluccius. Consequently, the distribution and infection rates of different species of Anisakis in different sites (viscera, and dorsal and ventral fillets) were investigated in hake caught in the central Tyrrhenian Sea (FAO 37.1.3) and the NE Atlantic Ocean (FAO 27 IXa). A sample of N=65 fish individuals (length>26 cm) was examined parasitologically from each fishing ground. The fillets were examined using the pepsin digestion method. A large number (1310) of Anisakis specimens were identified by multilocus allozyme electrophoresis (MAE) and mtDNA cox2 sequence analysis; among these, 814 larvae corresponded to A. simplex (s. s.) and 476 to A. pegreffii. They were found to infect both the flesh and the viscera. The two species co-infected the same individual fish (both in the viscera and in the flesh) from the FAO 27 area, whereas only A. pegreffii was found in hake from the Tyrrhenian Sea. The average parasite burden of A. pegreffii in hake from the Tyrrhenian Sea was significantly lower to that observed from hake off the Atlantic coast of Spain, both in prevalence and in abundance. In addition, whereas no significant difference in overall prevalence values was recorded between the two Anisakis species in the viscera of the FAO 27 sample, significant differences were found in the abundance levels observed between these species in the flesh, with A. simplex (s. s.) exhibiting significantly higher levels than that observed for A. pegreffii (p