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Se analiza la relación entre las variables competencia digital y actitud hacia el cambio en el contexto de universidades nacionales de Lima, a partir de el enfoque interaccionista, con el fin de destacar efectos del uso de la tecnología en la transformación cultural. Se implementó un diseño no experimental. Los resultados arrojan que el 57.06% determinó que la variable competencia digital es “alta” en lo que respecta a la variable actitud hacia el cambio, superando ésta el 58.3% en el nivel “buena”. Además, el 38.65% percibe la competencia digital como “media” y solo un 4.9% como “baja”, relacionándose con un bajo nivel de actitud al cambio. Se analizan los resultados desde los aportes de Goffman (desde el contexto de la llamada Escuela de Palo Alto), pudiendo interpretarse como un impacto de las nuevas interacciones figura/fondo promovidas por la tecnología en el desarrollo de competencias y en las nuevas representaciones sociales en general.

En el presente artículo se presentan los resultados obtenidos durante varios años de trabajo en el aseguramiento de la trazabilidad de las mediciones del gas licuado del petróleo en el país y los resultados de la incorporación de la medición de flujo y su trazabilidad metrológica al Laboratorio de Calibración de Productos Claros de la Unión Cuba Petróleo (CUPET).

The objective in this work was the evaluation of the stability and content of bioactive compounds (total phenols and total flavonoids) and antioxidant activity of emulsions of ethanolic extracts of propolis obtained by ultrasound, during simulated in vitro digestion. The emulsions prepared with propolis extracts were evaluated on certain properties: their emulsion efficiency, stability (zeta potential, particle size, electrical conductivity), content of bioactive compound (total phenolics and total flavonoids), antioxidant activity and their behavior during simulated in vitro digestion. Based on the total phenol content, an emulsification efficiency of 87.8 ± 1.9% to 97.8 ± 3.8% was obtained. The particle size of the emulsions was 322.5 ± 15.33 nm to 463.9 ± 33.65 nm, with a zeta potential of −31.5 ± 0.66 mV to −28.2 ± 1.0 mV and electrical conductivity of 22.7 ± 1.96 µS/cm to 30.6 ± 0.91 µS/cm. These results indicate good emulsion stability. During simulated in vitro digestion, the content of bioactive compounds (total phenolics, total flavonoids) and antioxidant activity were affected during 77 days of storage at 4 °C. It was concluded that the emulsion process fulfills the function of protecting the bioactive compounds and therefore their biological activity.

Background: Postextubation airway obstruction, also called postextubation stridor, is one of the most frequent complications of orotracheal intubation and the main cause of extubation failure (EF). Several potential predictors of extubation outcomes have been investigated, although their predictive value and clinical usefulness are limited. Laryngeal ultrasound and measurements are new, noninvasive, easily reproducible methods for extubation success. The objective of the study was to determine the usefulness of measuring the laryngeal air column width difference (LACWD) as a predictor of EF. Subjects and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from December 2022 to March 2023. Patients older than 30 days and up to 16 years of age admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and intubated with an endotracheal tube with a balloon for >24 h and with their first attempt at extubation were evaluated. The LACWD was measured before extubation. The first measurement was made with the balloon inflated and the second with the balloon deflated, calculating the difference between the two measurements. Results: Forty-five patients were assessed. The median number of days in the PICU was 8 (interquartile range 2–6). We found that the greater the difference in the air column, the lower the risk of EF ([P = 0.418] odds ratio [OR] =0.101 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.000–26.000), and the greater the number of days (>3), the greater the risk of EF ([P = 0.819] OR = 0.996; 85% CI = 0.965–1.028). Conclusions: No statistically significant relationship was found in the LACWD in our patients. We believe that it is important to carry out an extended study, with age group stratification, to assess its use.

The COVID-19 pandemic has lately been driven by Omicron. This work aimed to study the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages during the third and fourth waves of COVID-19 in Argentina. Molecular surveillance was performed on 3431 samples from Argentina, between EW44/2021 and EW31/2022. Sequencing, phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses were performed. A differential dynamic between the Omicron waves was found. The third wave was associated with lineage BA.1, characterized by a high number of cases, very fast displacement of Delta, doubling times of 3.3 days and a low level of lineage diversity and clustering. In contrast, the fourth wave was longer but associated with a lower number of cases, initially caused by BA.2, and later by BA.4/BA.5, with doubling times of about 10 days. Several BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5 sublineages and introductions were detected, although very few clusters with a constrained geographical distribution were observed, suggesting limited transmission chains. The differential dynamic could be due to waning immunity and an increase in population gatherings in the BA.1 wave, and a boosted population (for vaccination or recent prior immunity for BA.1 infection) in the wave caused by BA2/BA.4/BA.5, which may have limited the establishment of the new lineages.

SARS-CoV-2 variants with concerning characteristics have emerged since the end of 2020. Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants was performed on a total of 4,851 samples from the capital city and 10 provinces of Argentina, during 51 epidemiological weeks (EWs) that covered the end of the first wave and the ongoing second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country (EW 44/2020 to EW 41/2021). The surveillance strategy was mainly based on Sanger sequencing of a Spike coding region that allows the identification of signature mutations associated with variants. In addition, whole-genome sequences were obtained from 637 samples. The main variants found were Gamma and Lambda, and to a lesser extent, Alpha, Zeta, and Epsilon, and more recently, Delta. Whereas, Gamma dominated in different regions of the country, both Gamma and Lambda prevailed in the most populated area, the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires. The lineages that circulated on the first wave were replaced by emergent variants in a term of a few weeks. At the end of the ongoing second wave, Delta began to be detected, replacing Gamma and Lambda. This scenario is consistent with the Latin American variant landscape, so far characterized by a concurrent increase in Delta circulation and a stabilization in the number of cases. The cost-effective surveillance protocol presented here allowed for a rapid response in a resource-limited setting, added information on the expansion of Lambda in South America, and contributed to the implementation of public health measures to control the disease spread in Argentina.

En Jujuy existen 850 ha de durazneros (Prunus persica L.), alrededor de 800 ha se encuentran en los valles templados, donde hace unos años comenzaron a observarse plantas con síntomas de amarillamiento, enrojecimiento, enrollamiento y necrosis de hojas, defoliación prematura y acortamiento de entrenudos, incluso muerte de plantas. El agente causal es fitoplasma Argentinean Peach Yellows (arpy), del subgrupo 16Sr III-B, X-disease. La enfermedad se conoce como «amarillamiento del duraznero», una patología en expansión, sin antecedentes en el país, de la cual es importante conocer su epidemiología: presencia y dispersión en variedades introducidas y naturalizadas, caracterizar la sintomatología y su variación estacional, lo que es parte de los objetivos de este trabajo. Mediante prospecciones visuales realizadas en la temporada 2018-2019, se estimó la incidencia/prevalencia de esta patología en los valles áridos y templados. En valles áridos y en los valles templados altos no se registraron plantas con síntomas; en los valles templados bajos se visualizaron plantas enfermas de arpy y su diagnóstico confirmado en el laboratorio. Se observó variación estacional de la sintomatología: en primavera las plantas se presentaban parcial o totalmente afectadas, con acortamiento de entrenudos, hojas en escoba de bruja, amarillamiento, enrojecimiento y acartuchamiento de hojas basales; en verano el 60 % de ramas sintomáticas de la primavera precedente, muertas o en proceso, sin nuevos síntomas; en otoño muerte de brindillas de ramas sintomáticas y defoliación anticipada. De 25 lotes productivos evaluados en los cultivares Flordaking, Opedepe y Rojo Dos, se determinó una prevalencia del 100 %. Los mayores valores de incidencia se registraron en el cultivar Flordaking. En cuanto a la severidad, medida con una escala de 6 grados, del total de plantas prospectadas (8.871), se observaron los mayores grados en plantas de Flordaking, seguidas de Opedepe y Rojo Dos.

IntroductionPresent knowledge about depression in the elderly is still scarce and often controversial, despite its high frequency and impact. This article reports the results and most relevant conclusions of a Delphi-based consensus on geriatric depression promoted by the Spanish Psychogeriatric Association.MethodsA 78-item questionnaire was developed by 7 highly specialized geriatric psychiatrists and was evaluated using the Modified Delphi technique in two rounds answered by 35 psychiatrists with an extensive expertise in geriatric depression. The topics and number of questions (in brackets) covered were: concepts, clinical aspects, and risk factors (12); screening and diagnosis (7); psychotic depression (17); depression and dementia (5); antidepressant drug treatment (18); non-pharmacological biological treatments (5); psychotherapeutic treatments (4); comorbidity and preventive aspects (6); professional training needed (4). In addition, the expert panel’s opinion on the antidepressants of choice in 21 common comorbid conditions and on different strategies to approach treatment-resistant cases in terms of both efficacy and safety was assessed.ResultsAfter the two rounds of the Delphi process, consensus was reached for 59 (75.6%) of the 78 items. Detailed recommendations are included in the text. Considering pharmacological treatments, agomelatine was the most widely mentioned drug to be recommended in terms of safety in comorbid conditions. Desvenlafaxine, sertraline, and vortioxetine, were the most frequently recommended antidepressants in comorbid conditions in general. Combining parameters of efficacy and safety, experts recommended the following steps to address cases of treatment resistance: 1. Escalation to the maximum tolerated dose; 2. Change of antidepressant; 3. Combination with another antidepressant; 4. Potentiation with an antipsychotic or with lamotrigine; 5. Potentiation with lithium; 6. Potentiation with dopamine agonists or methylphenidateDiscussion and ConclusionsConsensus was reached for a high number of items as well as for the management of depression in the context of comorbid conditions and in resistant cases. In the current absence of sufficient evidence-based information, our results can be used to inform medical doctors about clinical recommendations that might reduce uncertainty in the diagnosis and treatment of elderly patients with depressive disorders.

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los principales obstáculos para el desarrollo sostenible en los agronegocios lácticos. La población seleccionada para tal fin fueron las empresas de producción láctea ubicadas en el municipio Rosario de Perijá del estado Zulia (Venezuela), sobre la cual se aplicó una metodología de tipo descriptiva con un diseño de campo, no experimental y transversal. Las principales fuentes teóricas consultadas fueron Pazos (2010) y Castellano (2005), entre otros. De los resultados obtenidos se pudo concluir que los mayores obstáculos que interfieren para el desarrollo sostenible en estos agronegocios están relacionados con la educación y la vivienda. Con base a ello se propone un plan de inversión en programas educativos a beneficio de los trabajadores que les permita profundizar sus conocimientos en el manejo de este tipo de negocios con la finalidad de satisfacer sus necesidades actuales de sostenibilidad así como la articulación con entidades públicas locales que contribuyan a mejorar su calidad de vida.

Resumen: Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio es el análisis del impacto de los trastornos asociados al consumo de alcohol (TCA) en los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple (EM), en términos de exceso de mortalidad intrahospitalaria, prolongación de estancias y sobrecostes. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de una muestra de pacientes ingresados con EM recogidos en los conjuntos mínimos básicos de datos de 87 hospitales españoles durante el periodo 2008-2010. Se calculó la mortalidad, la prolongación de estancias y los sobrecostes atribuibles a los TCA controlando mediante análisis multivariado de la covarianza variables como la edad y el sexo, el tipo de hospital, el tipo de ingreso, otros trastornos adictivos y las comorbilidades. Resultados: Se estudiaron 10.249 ingresos por EM de 18 a 74 años de edad, entre los cuales hubo 215 pacientes con TCA. Los ingresos con EM y TCA fueron predominantemente varones, mayor frecuencia de ingresos urgentes, con mayor prevalencia de trastornos por tabaco y drogas y con índices de comorbilidad de Charlson más elevados. Los pacientes con EM y TCA presentaron importantes excesos de mortalidad (94,1%), prolongación indebida de estancias (2,4 días) y sobrecostes por alta (1.116,9 euros). Conclusiones: De acuerdo a los resultados de este estudio, los TCA en pacientes con EM aumentaron significativamente la mortalidad, la duración de la estancia hospitalaria y sus costes. Abstract: Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of alcohol use disorders (AUD) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in terms of in-hospital mortality, extended hospital stays, and overexpenditures. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study in a sample of MS patients obtained from minimal basic data sets from 87 Spanish hospitals recorded between 2008 and 2010. Mortality, length of hospital stays, and overexpenditures attributable to AUD were calculated. We used a multivariate analysis of covariance to control for such variables as age and sex, type of hospital, type of admission, other addictions, and comorbidities. Results: The 10,249 patients admitted for MS and aged 18-74 years included 215 patients with AUD. Patients with both MS and AUD were predominantly male, with more emergency admissions, a higher prevalence of tobacco or substance use disorders, and higher scores on the Charlson comorbidity index. Patients with MS and AUD had a very high in-hospital mortality rate (94.1%) and unusually lengthy stays (2.4 days), and they generated overexpenditures (1,116.9 euros per patient). Conclusions: According to the results of this study, AUD in patients with MS results in significant increases in-hospital mortality and the length of the hospital stay and results in overexpenditures. Palabras clave: Esclerosis múltiple, Trastornos asociados al consumo de alcohol, Mortalidad, Estancia hospitalaria, Costes, Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, Alcohol use disorders, Mortality, Hospital stay, Costs

Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of alcohol use disorders (AUD) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in terms of in-hospital mortality, extended hospital stays, and overexpenditures. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study in a sample of MS patients obtained from minimal basic data sets from 87 Spanish hospitals recorded between 2008 and 2010. Mortality, length of hospital stays, and overexpenditures attributable to AUD were calculated. We used a multivariate analysis of covariance to control for such variables as age and sex, type of hospital, type of admission, other addictions, and comorbidities. Results: The 10 249 patients admitted for MS and aged 18-74 years included 215 patients with AUD. Patients with both MS and AUD were predominantly male, with more emergency admissions, a higher prevalence of tobacco or substance use disorders, and higher scores on the Charlson comorbidity index. Patients with MS and AUD had a very high in-hospital mortality rate (94.1%) and unusually lengthy stays (2.4 days), and they generated overexpenditures (1116.9 euros per patient). Conclusions: According to the results of this study, AUD in patients with MS results in significant increases in-hospital mortality and the length of the hospital stay and results in overexpenditures. Resumen: Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio es el análisis del impacto de los trastornos asociados al consumo de alcohol (TCA) en los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple (EM), en términos de exceso de mortalidad intrahospitalaria, prolongación de estancias y sobrecostes. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de una muestra de pacientes ingresados con EM recogidos en los conjuntos mínimos básicos de datos de 87 hospitales españoles durante el periodo 2008-2010. Se calculó la mortalidad, la prolongación de estancias y los sobrecostes atribuibles a los TCA controlando mediante análisis multivariado de la covarianza variables como la edad y el sexo, el tipo de hospital, el tipo de ingreso, otros trastornos adictivos y las comorbilidades. Resultados: Se estudiaron 10.249 ingresos por EM de 18 a 74 años de edad, entre los cuales hubo 215 pacientes con TCA. Los ingresos con EM y TCA fueron predominantemente varones, mayor frecuencia de ingresos urgentes, con mayor prevalencia de trastornos por tabaco y drogas y con índices de comorbilidad de Charlson más elevados. Los pacientes con EM y TCA presentaron importantes excesos de mortalidad (94,1%), prolongación indebida de estancias (2,4 días) y sobrecostes por alta (1.116,9 euros). Conclusiones: De acuerdo a los resultados de este estudio, los TCA en pacientes con EM aumentaron significativamente la mortalidad, la duración de la estancia hospitalaria y sus costes. Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, Alcohol use disorders, Mortality, Hospital stay, Costs, Palabras clave: Esclerosis múltiple, Trastornos asociados al consumo de alcohol, Mortalidad, Estancia hospitalaria, Costes

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of the incorporation of microcapsules or nanoemulsions with Opuntiaoligacantha on the quality of fresh cheese. Three treatments were established: Control, cheese with microcapsules (Micro), and cheese with nanoemulsion (Nano). The parameters evaluated were physicochemical (moisture, ash, fat, proteins, and pH), microbiological (mesophilic aerobic bacteria, mold–yeast, and total coliforms), functional (total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity), and texture (hardness, elasticity, cohesion, and chewiness) during storage for 45 days at 4 °C. The results showed that adding microcapsules and nanoemulsion did not affect the physicochemical parameters of the cheese. Total coliforms decreased in all samples from the first days of storage (Control: 4.23 ± 0.12, Micro: 3.27 ± 0.02, and Nano: 2.68 ± 0.08 Log10 CFU), as well as aerobic mesophiles and mold–yeast counts. Regarding the functional properties, an increase in total phenols was observed in all treatments. The texture profile analysis showed that the addition of microcapsules and nanoemulsion influenced hardness (Control: 8.60 ± 1.12, Micro: 1.61 ± 0.31, and Nano: 3.27 ± 0.37 N). The antimicrobial effect was greater when nanoemulsions were added, while adding microcapsules influenced the antioxidant activity more positively.

Cactus acid fruit (Xoconostle) has been studied due its content of bioactive compounds. Traditional Mexican medicine attributes hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerogenic and immunostimulant properties among others. The bioactive compounds contained in xoconostle have shown their ability to inhibit digestive enzymes such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Unfortunately, polyphenols and antioxidants in general are molecules susceptible to degradation due to storage conditions, (temperature, oxygen and light) or the gastrointestinal tract, which limits its activity and compromises its potential beneficial effect on health. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the stability, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of encapsulated extract of xoconostle within double emulsions (water-in-oil-in-water) during storage conditions and simulated digestion. Total phenols, flavonoids, betalains, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition were measured before and after the preparation of double emulsions and during the simulation of digestion. The ED40% (treatment with 40% of xoconostle extract) treatment showed the highest percentage of inhibition of α-glucosidase in all phases of digestion. The inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase related to antidiabetic activity was higher in microencapsulated extracts than the non-encapsulated extracts. These results confirm the viability of encapsulation systems based on double emulsions to encapsulate and protect natural antidiabetic compounds.

Resumen Se determinó la composición de la microbiota del queso de Aro que se comercializa en el municipio de Teotitlán de Flores Magón, Oaxaca, México. Se cuantificó el contenido de: mesófilos aerobios, psicrófilos, coliformes totales, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, bacterias ácido lácticas, mohos y levaduras. Los resultados muestran que el queso de Aro contiene microorganismos alterantes, patógenos y de importancia industrial. Ninguna muestra analizada cumple con la NOM-243-SSA1-2010. Por lo tanto, este queso pueden ser un vehículo de transmisión de enfermedades alimentarias, por su elevado contenido de: E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus y Salmonella. La vida de anaquel del queso puede verse afectada provocando pérdidas económicas a los productores. Por otro lado, se pueden obtener microorganismos de importancia industrial (Lactobacillus y Streptococcus). Es necesario implementar sistemas se aseguramiento de la calidad que garanticen la producción de quesos inocuos.

Background: Postextubation airway obstruction, also called postextubation stridor, is one of the most frequent complications of orotracheal intubation and the main cause of extubation failure (EF). Several potential predictors of extubation outcomes have been investigated, although their predictive value and clinical usefulness are limited. Laryngeal ultrasound and measurements are new, noninvasive, easily reproducible methods for extubation success. The objective of the study was to determine the usefulness of measuring the laryngeal air column width difference (LACWD) as a predictor of EF. Subjects and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from December 2022 to March 2023. Patients older than 30 days and up to 16 years of age admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and intubated with an endotracheal tube with a balloon for >24 h and with their first attempt at extubation were evaluated. The LACWD was measured before extubation. The first measurement was made with the balloon inflated and the second with the balloon deflated, calculating the difference between the two measurements. Results: Forty-five patients were assessed. The median number of days in the PICU was 8 (interquartile range 2–6). We found that the greater the difference in the air column, the lower the risk of EF ([P = 0.418] odds ratio [OR] =0.101 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.000–26.000), and the greater the number of days (>3), the greater the risk of EF ([P = 0.819] OR = 0.996; 85% CI = 0.965–1.028). Conclusions: No statistically significant relationship was found in the LACWD in our patients. We believe that it is important to carry out an extended study, with age group stratification, to assess its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumers demand so-called natural in which additive and antioxidant preservatives are from natural origin. Research focuses in using extracts from plants and fruits that are rich in bioactive compounds such as phenolics and betalains, but these are also prone to interact with proteins and are exposed to suffer degradation during storage. In this work, we developed a fortified yogurt with the addition of betalains and polyphenols from cactus pear extract encapsulated in a multiple emulsion (ME) (W1/O/W2). Different formulations of ME were made with two polymers, gum arabic (GA) and maltodextrin (MD) and with the best formulation of ME four types of yogurt were prepared using different % (w/w) of ME (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%). Bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, color and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were analyzed in the different yogurts over 36 days of shelf life. Furthermore, in vitro simulated digestion was evaluated. The yogurts had significant (p < 0.05) differences and the ME protected the bioactive compounds, activity of antioxidants and color. The ME did not affect the viability of LAB during 36 days of storage. The in vitro digestion showed the best bioaccessibilities of antioxidant compounds with the yogurts with ME.