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Copyright of Athirat: Journal of Ancient Arabia is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Athirat: Journal of Ancient Arabia is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Athirat: Journal of Ancient Arabia is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Athirat: Journal of Ancient Arabia is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Athirat: Journal of Ancient Arabia is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arts Magazine is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal is the property of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

الملخص: يناول البحث بالدراسة والتحليل الالتزامات المالية في اليمن القديم من خلال نقوش الزبور المنشورة، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن هناك عددًا من الالتزامات تختلف في مضامينها ونوعيتها، ومن تلك الالتزامات القروض العينية والنقدية والديون والسندات المالية، التي كانت تدون في وثائق رسمية تحمل ديباجة معينة وممهورة بتوقيعات الشهود، فضلًا عن أن بعض الوثائق القانونية كانت تصادق من قبل الجهات الرسمية آنذاك، كما توصلت الدراسة إلى أن أغلب تلك الالتزامات المبرمة كانت تحمل عددًا من الشروط المتفق عليها بين الأطراف المستفيدة من تلك الوثائق، وعلى الرغم من أن تلك الشروط تختلف من وثيقة لأخرى إلا أن أغلبها كانت تتضمن شروطًا ملزمة مثل تحديد الفترة الزمنية، وكتابة تاريخ الوثيقة، وتوقيعات الشهود بالإضافة إلى توقيعات الأطراف المستفيدة من تلك الوثائق، كما أشارت بعض النقوش إلى شروط آخرى كان يتم الاتفاق عليها مثل أخذ الرهونات والضمانات العينية والنقدية وتحديد مقدار الفائدة خاصة في القروض، مع التطرق إلى من كان يقوم بصياغة تلك الالتزامات، ودور المرأة اليمنية القديمة بالقيام بمثل تلك الأعمال القانونية. Abstract: Research by studying and analyzing financial obligations through the published inscriptions of the Psalms, and the study concluded that there are a number of obligations that differ in their contents and quality, and among those obligations are in-kind and cash loans, debts and financial bonds, which were written in official documents bearing a specific preamble and marked with the signatures of witnesses, In addition, some legal documents were approved by the official authorities known among the Yemenis at the time, and the study also found that most of those concluded obligations carried a number of conditions agreed upon between the parties benefiting from those documents, although these conditions differ from one document to another. However, most of them included a number of these conditions, such as specifying the time period, writing the date of the document, and the signatures of witnesses in addition to the signatures of the parties benefiting from those documents. Some inscriptions also referred to other conditions that were agreed upon, such as taking mortgages, in-kind and cash guarantees, and determining the amount of interest, especially in loans.

Copyright of Arts Magazine is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Magazine General Union of Arab Archaeologists is the property of General Union of Arab Archaeologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is a tribute to Muṭahhar al‐Iryānī and Yūsuf 'Abdullāh—two of the most outstanding Yemeni savants of all times. Sadly, both are no longer with us. Muṭahhar passed away in 2016, and Yūsuf in 2021. In what follows, I present—through my renderings—their last scholarly achievements. They concern a well‐known Sabaean inscription found in 1951 in Mārib. The text is written consecutively and was therefore not recognisable as a poem. In 2005, Muṭahhar al‐Iryānī published the first convincing presentation of this hymn, revealing its poetic structure. His final take on the subject is the strophe and verse arrangement offered in the present article. Yūsuf 'Abdullāh is the discoverer of another rhymed Sabaean hymn. Both authors are convinced that these are the antecedents of the poetry of the Arabs. Substance‐wise, the two scholars hold different views. In al‐Iryānī's opinion, the hymn describes a battle of the Sabaean army. Victory is achieved through the intervention of the Sabaean high god Almaqah. On the other hand, Yūsuf 'Abdullāh interprets the hymn as a rain rogation myth. He parallels it with the traditional rain processions of the Yemeni countryside, which he sees as a ritual survival from pre‐Islamic times. If accepted, a central element of the pre‐Islamic religion has been brought to light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how the divine epithet 'Rahman' was invoked in public inscriptions and oaths in pre-Islamic Yemen. Between the first and the sixth centuries ce, with the spread of Christianity across the Roman empire and Abyssinia, and the subsequent rise of Jewish and Christian kingdoms in southern Arabia, the use of 'Rahman' was gradually biblicized. By tracing this history, this article opens a window into the use of this theonym in the Quran and the controversy surrounding its use in the first formal treaty in Islam, the Peace Treaty (Sulh) of Hudaybiyya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

الذهب والفضة في نقوش وآثار اليمن القديم تُعد الأرض أهم مصدرٍ للموارد الطبيعة ومنها المعادن التي لعبت دوراً مُهماً وجوهرياً في اليمن القديم، وأسهمت في بناء حضارته، وكانت أحد ركائز تنميته. بعد أن تعرف الإنسان القديم على أنواعها ومواطنها، وتمكن من استخراج العديد من المعادن كالذهب والفضة، واستخدامها في صناعة كثيرٍ من أدوات ومستلزمات الحياة المختلفة، وعلى رأسها أدوات الزينة. يتناول البحث أقدم ثروات اليمن القديم التي استغلت لفترات طويلة، بدافع الحاجة إلى معرفة التقنية القديمة المستخدمة في تعدين معدني الذهب والفضة، وهو ما يمثل دافعاً رئيساً لدراسة هذا الموضوع، وتناول هذا الجانب الذي يشكل مرآة عاكسة للجوانب الاجتماعية والاقتصادية، وما توصل إليه سكان هذه المنطقة الغنية بخامات المعادن، وكونه ذو أهمية بالغة في دعم الاقتصاد اليمني القديم والحالي. كما أن دراسة المعادن واستخداماتها وأماكن وجودها لها أهمية بالغة في وقتنا الحاضر، علاوة على أنها أحد المظاهر العلمية والعملية التي اهتم بها الإنسان اليمني القديم Gold and Silver in the Inscriptions and Antiquities of Ancient Yemen The Land is the most important source of natural resources, including minerals, which played an important and fundamental role in ancient Yemen, contributed to building its civilization, and was one of the pillars of its development. After the ancient man got acquainted with their types and places and was able to extract many minerals such as gold and silver and used them in the manufacture of many different tools and necessities of life, especially the ornamental tools. The research deals with the oldest wealth of ancient Yemen, which was exploited for long periods, out of the need to know the ancient technology used in mining gold and silver, which represents the primary motive for studying this subject, and it deals with this aspect, which constitutes a mirror reflecting the social and economic aspects, and the findings of the inhabitants of this region Rich in mineral ores, and being of great importance in supplying the ancient and current Yemeni economy. The study of minerals, their uses and where they are found is of great importance in our time, in addition to being one of the scientific and practical aspects that the ancient Yemeni man was interested in.

Copyright of Magazine General Union of Arab Archaeologists is the property of General Union of Arab Archaeologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of College of Education / Wasit is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The site of Maʿîn, the ancient city of Qarnâ, has unfortunately been plundered and destroyed. In the autumn of 2006 looters illegally excavated an important temple dedicated to the divinity Nakraḥ. The new temple, surrounded by a wall, has at least fifteen pillars, distributed in three rows of five pillars each. Every pillar bears one inscription - from five to fourteen lines - engraved during the reign of the king of Maʿîn, Abîyadaʿ Yafash, son of Nabaṭʾîl, a contemporary of Yadaʿʾîl, mukarrib of Saba'. This Yadaʿʾîl is probably one of the sons of Karib'îl Watâr, son of Dhamar'alî Dhâriḥ, the mukarrib of Sabaʾ, and confirms that the kingdom of Maʿîn, in the Jawf valley, first appeared in the early seventh century BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December, 2005, a monumental inscription of the Sabaean ruler Yi a amar Watar bin Yakrubmalik was discovered during excavations in the Almaqah temple at irwā by a German Archaeological Institute expedition. The text is not only the longest ever discovered in Yemen in a scientific excavation, but also the earliest datable inscription known in South Arabia. Yi a amar Watar bin Yakrubmalik, who was completely unknown until recently, may be identified with Ita amar, the Sabaean ruler who brought gifts to the Assyrian monarch Sargon II around 715 B.C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inscriptions incised on a number of Ancient South Arabian plaques and pedestals of stelae and statues, originated from the Republic of Yemen, were analyzed, commented and translated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]