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Raziskane so bile anatomske, nekatere fizikalne, mehanske, tehnološke in obdelavnostne lastnosti sangheja (Xylopia hypolampsa Mildbr. & Diels, Annonaceae ) in delno primerjane z domačo jesenovino (Fraxinus excelsior L., Oleaceae ). Les izkazuje pri enaki gostoti višje vrednosti npr. tlačne in upogibne trdnosti in E-modula kot jesen. Izstopajoče lastnosti so posledica visoke homogenosti lesnega tkiva in drugih neidentificiranih strukturalnih lastnosti. Anatomical, some physical, mechanical, technological properties and workability of sanghe (Xylopia hypolampsa Mildbr. & Diels, Annonaceae) were investigated and partially compared with those of domestic ashwood (Fraxinus excelsior L., Oleaceae). At the same density the wood of sanghe reveals higher values for e.g. chrushing and bending strength as well as E-modulus. The exceptional properties are due to high homogeneity of the wood tissue as well as other unidentified structural features.

In the Mediterranean region, some areas of the Vesuvius National Park (southern Italy) are subjected to a severe anthropogenic impact, especially during spring and summer seasons. The continuous trampling of tourists and buses leads to the formation of “dust-clouds”, exposing plants, especially along the paths, to a great deposition of powder particles on leaves. The aim of this study was to analyze if the dust deposition induces changes in leaf morpho-anatomical and eco-physiological traits of the alien, invasive, species Robinia pseudoacacia L., with particular attention to the photosystem II (PSII) efficiency. We selected plants located near the paths with a high deposition of dust (HD) and plants far away from the paths (low deposition, LD), and tested them over three dates along summer. We analyzed PSII photochemistry, photosynthetic pigments content, and leaf functional (e.g., relative water content and leaf dry matter content) and morpho-anatomical traits (e.g., parenchyma thickness, mesophyll density). HD plants presented a more efficient PSII activity, indicated by the higher quantum yield of PSII electron transport (FPSII) (9%) and electron transport rate (ETR) (38%) in the end of July. Dust deposition also reversibly altered photosynthetic pigments concentration and some lamina traits, adjustable in the short-term (e.g., intercellular spaces and phenolics distribution). We hypothesize that HD leaves were shielded by dusts which would protect their photosynthetic apparatus from the excess of light.

Personality assessment of horses can be used to select suitable training and weaning methods, choose or breed horses for police work or therapeutic riding, investigate underlying reasons for the development of behavioural problems or assess how an unknown horse might react to new or aversive situations or stimuli. In our study with Lipizzan horses, we were interested in verifying the reliability of personality assessment methods by comparing questionnaires, personality descriptions following Tellington-Jones and Taylor anatomical recommendations, heart rate measurements and behavioural tests, namely two fear tests and a handling test. Thirty-five Lipizzan horses older than five years, ridden and healthy, were tested. In the global scale, we were the first to conduct a study by utilizing a battery of methods to investigate the personality of Lipizanner horses and found a clear connection between behaviour, heart rate and anatomical characteristics (head and body) of horses. After a statistical analysis, our main results showed four different modes of responses to fear and learning situations in horses. None of the four modes correlated with the results of the head and body anatomy described by Tellington-Jones and Taylor nor the questionnaire. However, we found that some individual anatomical measurements of the horse’s body (measured with the sartorial meter or program) could be indicative of the behavioural and heart rate responses in behavioural tests. Consequently, we suggest that anatomical characteristics in Lipizzan horses provide us with a reliable and an objective, or at least less subjective measure to define personality traits such as exploration/fearfulness and intelligence (related to trainability). Ocenjevanje osebnosti konj je pomembno področje raziskav, ki lahko omogoči, da lažje izberemo primerno metodo treninga ali odstavitve, izberemo primernega konja za delo v policiji ali v terapevtskih programih. Ocena osebnosti nam je lahko v pomoč pri iskanju vzrokov za razvoj neželenih oblik obnašanja ali v predvidevanju, kako bo konj reagiral na nove ali negativne situacije oz. dražljaje. V naši pilotni študiji opravljeni na lipicancih, smo preverili zanesljivost metod ocenjevanja osebnosti primerjali smo vprašalnike, opise osebnosti, ki so temeljili na podlagi anatomskih priporočil Tellington-Jones in Taylor, meritve srčnega utripa in odzive obnašanja v dveh testih plašnosti in testu rokovanja. Vprašalnike smo uporabili kot najbolj razširjeno metodo. Lastnosti osebnosti živali so bile ocenjene s subjektivnimi ocenami, ki so temeljile na opisnih pridevnikih osebnosti. Testiranih je bilo 35 slovenskih konj pasme lipicanec, starih vsaj pet let, ujahanih in zdravih. Naša študija je prva v svetovnem merilu, ki dokazuje uporabnost večjega števila metod za proučevanje osebnosti pri lipicanskih konjih. Ugotovili smo jasno povezavo med obnašanjem konj, njihovo srčno frekvenco in anatomskimi značilnostmi (glavo in telesom). Po uporabi standardne metode razvrščanja konj glede na podatke obnašanja in s statističnim vrednotenjem pomembnosti razlik med odkritimi podskupinami smo pokazali štiri različne odzive na radovednost/plašnost in učljivost. Noben od različnih odzivov ni bil odvisen od anatomije glave ali telesa, opisane po metodi Tellington-Jones in Taylor, niti od rezultatov vprašalnikov. Nasprotno pa nam anatomske značilnosti lipicancev, pridobljene s pomočjo metode merjenja s krojaškim metrom ali programom, dajejo zanesljiv in manj subjektiven ali celo objektiven način za določanje značilnosti osebnosti, kot sta radovednost/plašnost in inteligenca (povezana z učljivostjo).

V diplomskem delu so predstavljene anatomske in morfometrične lastnosti na primeru dveh skeletov pegaste sove, Tyto alba (Scopoli, 1769). Oba osebka sta bila najdena na področju severovzhodne Slovenije. Rezultati so podani v obliki slikovnega gradiva, ki ga spremljajo prikaz izvedbe meritev, podatki merjenja, prikaz in poimenovanja določenih kostnih struktur ter strokovni opis anatomskih značilnosti posameznih kosti. Meritve kosti so izvedene na podlagi standardnih morfometričnih parametrov in na obeh osebkih, fotografije kosti pa so večinoma od prvega osebka, ki je bil najden leta 1999 na Goričkem in katerega skelet je bolj ohranjen. Posamezne kosti si slikovno sledijo po topografski delitvi in so predstavljene v različnih legah. Strukture kosti, ki jih je bilo mogoče prepoznati in določiti, so na slikah označene in poimenovane z anatomsko terminologijo, ki je podana v znanstvenem jeziku – latinščini. V tabelah sledi transkripcija teh zapisov v slovenskem jeziku. Ugotovljenih je bilo kar nekaj lastnosti in posebnosti skeleta, ki veljajo za sove ali pa so karakteristične za pegaste sove. V Sloveniji je pegasta sova redka vrsta sov, saj po zadnjih podatkih pri nas gnezdi od 50 – 150 parov. Glede na to, da sta bila osebka najdena na področju severovzhodne Slovenije lahko sklepamo, da gre pri obeh primerih za vzhodno ali temno podvrsto pegaste sove (Tyto alba guttata). Ni pa nujno, saj lahko pride tudi do križanja s svetlo podvrsto pegaste sove (Tyto alba alba), živečo v JZ Sloveniji. Prav tako bi se naj samice od samcev pegaste sove med drugim razlikovale tudi po tem, da so nekoliko manjše. In this diploma work, the anatomical and morphometric characteristics based on two skeletons of Barn Owls, Tyto alba (Scopoli, 1769), are presented. Both specimens were found in north-eastern Slovenia. The results of the research are given in the form of images which are accompanied by a display of measurements that were done, the data that were received from the measurements, presentation and naming of certain bone structures and technical description of the anatomical characteristics of individual bones. Measurements of the bones were performed on both specimens using standard morphometric parameters. Images of the bones are mainly from the first specimen which was found in 1999 in Goričko and whose skeleton is more preserved. Images of the individual bones are organised in the topographic manner and are presented in different positions. The structures of bones that were possible to identify and define are presented in the images and are identified and named by anatomical terminology of scientific language - Latin. The transcription of these records in Slovenian language is shown in the tables that follow. Some of the characteristics and peculiarities of the skeleton that apply to owls or are characteristic for the Barn Owl were identified. In Slovenia, the Barn Owls are a rare species of owls, because according to recent data in our country nests only 50-150 pairs of Barn Owls. Given the fact that the specimens were found in north-eastern Slovenia we can conclude that both specimens are Eastern or Dark subspecies of Barn Owls (Tyto alba guttata), but it is not a certainty, because they could also be a cross with a Bright subspecies of Barn Owl (Tyto alba alba) which lives in SW Slovenia. Among other things, female Barn Owls differ from male Barn Owls in being slightly smaller.

Kalorične lastnosti ksilita, litotipa lignita, so dobro raziskane, saj se pretežno uporablja kot gorivo. Natančnejše poznavanje njegove anatomske zgradbe ter fizikalnih in mehanskih lastnosti bi omogočilo izdelavo tudi uporabnejših izdelkov. Z mikroskopsko karakterizacijo zgradbe ksilita in proučevanjem osnovnih sorpcijskih in krčitvenih lastnosti smo določili sušilne parametre ter jih preverili v laboratorijskih pogojih. Gostota ksilita (ro=1229 kg/m3) je primerljiva z najgostejšimi listavci to povzroča močno krčenje. Na veliko nestabilnost kažejo tudi neugodno diferencialno nabrekanje, koeficient nabrekanja in sorpcijski kvocient. Sušilna krivulja izkazuje zelo kratek linearni odsek in velik difuzijski upor v 2. in 3. fazi sušenja. Zaradi različnih vključkov, deorientiranosti tkiva in velikih sušilnih napetosti je kohezivnost tkiva slaba, kar zmanjšuje kakovost in izkoristek osušenega ksilita. Calorific properties of xylite, litotype of lignite, are well researched, because it is used mainly as a fuel. If we knew the anatomical structure, physical and mechanical properties better, it would allow us to expand the use of xylite to some other areas. Using microscopic characterization drying parameters were defined and verified in laboratory conditions. Density of xylite (ro=1229 kg/m3) is comparable with highest densities of hardwoods. As a result xylite has high shrinking rate, differential shrinkage, shrinking and sorption coefficient. Drying curve has very short linear part and great diffusion resistance in 2nd and 3rd phase of drying. Poor cohesion of xylite tissues, caused by mineral inserts and deorientation of tissues, and great drying tensions are responsible for low efficiency of drying process.