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In this paper, a Covid-19 pandemic model with five compartments is presented. Model assumptions, flowchart and the system of model equations are included. It is found that the solutions for the model equations exist and they are unique, positive and bounded. Hence, the present model is termed as mathematically well-posed and biologically meaningful. Mathematical analysis, sensitivity analysis are conducted in order to draw meaningful conclusions. Sensitivity analysis on the model equations reveal that the immunity loss has a positive impact while vaccination and treatment have negative impact on the effective reproduction number. The research results assert that the pandemic can be kept under control by enhancing vaccination and treatment facilities and similarly by implementing suitable methods to reduce loss of immunity. Outcomes of both qualitative and quantitative analyses are included and described elaborately. Disease free equilibrium point is identified and it's local and global stability analyses are conducted using powerful techniques like Routh-Hurwitz criteria and Lyapunov function method. Detailed description of the model is presented in the text of the paper lucidly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the seeds of four phyto technical plant species from the harvest of the 2022-2023 agricultural year were analyzed. The studied species were represented by two varieties or two hybrids. The species are the following: wheat (Triticum aestivum) with Glosa and Miranda varieties, barley (Hordeum vulgare) with Amethyst and Flavia varieties, corn (Zea mais) with Pioneer P9537 and Turda 344 hybrids and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) with Corsica and Subaru hybrids. The analyzed agrobiological quality indicators were the physical purity of the seeds, the mass of 1000 grains, the hectoliter mass and the germination in laboratory conditions. The results obtained showed that the analyzed parameters fall within the standards in force regarding the quality of seeds and seed material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approved medical face masks have been shown to prevent the spread of respiratory droplets associated with coronavirus transmission in specific settings. The primary goal of this study was to develop a new strategy to assess the filtering and transmissibility properties of medical- and non-medical-grade face masks. In this study, we designed and assessed the filtering efficiency of particles through six different masks with a diverse set of fabrics, textures (woven and non-woven), fiber diameters, and porosity. The filtering and transmissibility properties of face mask layers individually and in combination have been assessed using mathematical analyses and new experimental data. The latter provided velocity profiles and filtration efficiencies for which the data were shown to be predictable. The filtration efficacy and pressure drop across each fabric have been tested using an aerosol particle spray and scanning electron microscopy. To assess clinical significance, the temperature and humidity of the masks were tested on a group of healthy volunteers spanning various age ranges (9–79 years old), utilizing an embedded temperature sensor disc. Also, a mask filter model was developed using fluid dynamic simulations (Solidworks Flow) to evaluate the aerodynamic dispersion of respiratory droplets. Overall, the FFP2 and FFP3 masks demonstrated the highest filtration efficiencies, each exceeding 90%, a feature of multi-layered masks that is consistent with simulations demonstrating higher filtering efficiencies for small particles (<5 µm). The velocity and temperature simulations of all six masks revealed a low air velocity (~1 m/s) inside the mask and a temperature variation of approximately 3 °C during the breathing cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) action ENOTTA (The European Network on Optimising Treatment with Therapeutic Antibodies in chronic inflammatory diseases) was launched in 2022. To pave the way for harmonization of analytical methods for quantitation of serum levels of therapeutic antibodies in research and clinical settings, ENOTTA recently performed an online survey mapping laboratories in the field. The survey, which contained 30 questions surrounding therapeutic drug monitoring of relevant drugs and anti‐drug antibodies, was distributed via the ENOTTA and European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory networks. Among 63 respondents across Europe, 45 reported analytical activity, with a range of utilized methods. Future engagement of as many sites as possible will enable comparison of methodologies and facilitate progress in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research deals with a situation related to one of the edited subjects in the study of variant readings of the Quran, especially concerning Sheikh Al-Azmiri's school and their method in editing subjects mentioned by Ibn Al-Gozi in his books: 'Tibb Al-Nashr' and 'Al-Nashr'. Those affected by this school include Sheikh Mohamed Ibrahim Salem and his book 'Faridat Al-Dahr', which has gained popularity recently as he followed the same path as Sheikh Al-Azmiri in his edits. In this research, I will discuss the attribution of letters of readings in the books of publishing principles and the method used by the author of the book 'Time Unique' in this subject. I will compare what he mentioned in his book to one of the books about publishing principles, namely the collection of the ten readings by Ibn Al-Faris, including what is mentioned in the same book, then I will state the effect of the missing attributions on the edits of readings. This omission caused a flow in attribution, leading to the conclusion that some edits are incorrect, which prevented the right methods of goodness that were approved by famous readers before the time of Imam Al-Azmiri. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the special features of RC harmonic oscillation generators and their widespread use and in particular the quadrature generators which provide two output signals dephased at 90° or 270°. Quadrature generators can be classified as those with an aperiodic frequency-determining circuit or with a phase inverter group which are used to generate oscillations of one or more fixed frequencies. Studies of a three-stage quadrature RC generator circuit with operational amplifiers have been performed. The results obtained from the simulation and experimental studies performed are presented for the selected circuit. It can be assumed that the experimental and simulation results completely coincide to an accuracy of up to 20% for the amplitude of the generated signals and to the total accuracy for the generated frequency. Quadrature generators are very widely used in communication technology and, most importantly, in the structure of digital frequency, phase and quadrature-amplitude modulators and demodulators, in vector RLC meters and many other electronic circuits and devices in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main focus of this research is to determine the extent of analyzes performed for the presence of radionuclides in food, their dynamics, which radionuclides are present in food, and how much their radioactivity was in the period 2019-2023. The research covers the period from January 01, 2019. until December 31, 2023. The data we used to conduct this research were obtained from the Public Health Institute of R. N. Macedonia. The tests were carried out with accredited methods and by the Regulation on the maximum allowed amounts of radionuclides in food, water, air, land, products, and raw materials of animal and plant origin and objects for general use. Relative numbers and trends are used as statistical methods of work. According to the results, in the period 2019-2023, radionuclides were analyzed in 6065 samples (2711 samples from imports, and 3354 samples from domestic production). The largest amount of radioactivity analyzes were performed in the group of mushrooms (51%) and the group of grain and flour (44%). The scope of analyzes performed for the presence of radionuclide residues in food in R.N. Macedonia shows a downward trend. In the analyzed products, no radioactivity above the limit values was detected (except in 2020 when only in 1 product from the mushroom group - dry morel) detected a value for Cs-137 = 662.8 Bq/kg, and the maximum allowed value is 600 Bq/kg). It can be concluded from the study that food is safe in terms of the presence of radionuclide residues, but work should be done to increase the volume of analyzes performed for the presence of radionuclides in food, as well as to increase the coverage of different groups of products (fruit, vegetables, coffee, tea, etc.) in which such analyzes would be performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mineral water has been renowned for its health benefits for over two millennia, with historical records indicating its use for rapid recovery and wound healing, especially among soldiers engaged in military activities. Over time, baths with mineral water became popular for therapeutic purposes. In the 19th century, analyses revealed that regions with mountains boasted many long-lived individuals and centenarians, with factors such as pure mountain water, fresh air, and quality food potentially contributing to longevity. This publication comprehen­sively reviews selected natural waters, including mineral and mountain waters. The author conducted extensive studies in Bulgaria from 2012 to 2019 involving 477 long-lived individuals and their brothers and sisters living in mountain and field areas. The investigation assessed their heredity, body weight, health, psychological status, tobacco smoking, phy­sical activity, food, and water consumption. Emphasizing the importance of medical prevention and care, the study sheds light on essential aspects of longevity today. One significant conclusion drawn from this research is the crucial role of balancing certain minerals in both water and food for human health and longevity. These minerals include Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Zinc (Zn2+), and Manganese (Mn2+). Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the physicochemical properties of water in longevity zones reveals lower calcium ions (Ca2+) levels compared to other regions, ranging from 6 to 20 mg.L-1. Notably, regions like Nova Scotia, Canada, known for supercentenarians for over 110 years, have water with such calcium levels. Similarly, longevity is observed in areas of Greece characterized by Mediterranean cuisine and mountain water. Water's physicochemical composition is significantly influenced by its natural filtration through rocks, which imbues it with beneficial minerals.

Avoir une place de membre permanent au Conseil Sécurité, c’est détenir une capacité d’influence significative sur la gouvernance mondiale. C’est avoir la propension à faire valoir une opinion qui peut être contradictoire, et d’en garantir son respect au-delà de tous les enjeux. Les Etats Africains ont émis une proposition à travers l’Union Africaine relative à la réforme du Conseil de Sécurité des Nations Unies dénommée : le Consensus d’Ezulwini. Elle exige au moins deux sièges permanents avec droit de veto, en plus de cinq non permanents et se réserve le choix des éventuels représentants. De fait, plusieurs nations ont déjà manifesté l’ambition d’assumer une telle responsabilité pour le continent. Cependant, dans ce groupe de pays en développement qui affichent encore des difficultés à assurer la paix et la sécurité à l’intérieur de leurs frontières, seule une mutualisation des ressources et des compétences pourrait avoir une influence sur la marche du monde. De surcroît, l’efficacité d’un siège permanent au Conseil reste conditionnée par un minimum de capacité à garantir la paix et la sécurité dans le monde. Au regard de son incapacité stratégique et diplomatique, il serait plus réaliste d’organiser sa représentation permanente non pas par des États, mais bien par l’autorité de Union Africaine à travers son Conseil de Paix et de Sécurité, qui siègera pour une place permanente dotée d’un véto double au Conseil de Sécurité.

Technologies are transforming the understanding of adipose tissue as a complex and dynamic tissue that plays a critical role in energy homoeostasis and metabolic health. This mini-review provides a brief overview of the potential impact of novel technologies in biomedical research and aims to identify areas where these technologies can make the most significant contribution to adipose tissue research. It discusses the impact of cutting-edge technologies such as single-cell sequencing, multi-omics analyses, spatial transcriptomics, live imaging, 3D tissue engineering, microbiome analysis, in vivo imaging, and artificial intelligence/machine learning. As these technologies continue to evolve, we can expect them to play an increasingly important role in advancing our understanding of adipose tissue and improving the treatment of related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mineral water has been renowned for its health benefits for over two millennia, with historical records indicating its use for rapid recovery and wound healing, especially among soldiers engaged in military activities. Over time, baths with mineral water became popular for therapeutic purposes. In the 19th century, analyses revealed that regions with mountains boasted many long-lived individuals and centenarians, with factors such as pure mountain water, fresh air, and quality food potentially contributing to longevity. This publication comprehensively reviews selected natural waters, including mineral and mountain waters. The author conducted extensive studies in Bulgaria from 2012 to 2019 involving 477 long-lived individuals and their brothers and sisters living in mountain and field areas. The investigation assessed their heredity, body weight, health, psychological status, tobacco smoking, physical activity, food, and water consumption. Emphasizing the importance of medical prevention and care, the study sheds light on essential aspects of longevity today. One significant conclusion drawn from this research is the crucial role of balancing certain minerals in both water and food for human health and longevity. These minerals include Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Zinc (Zn2+), and Manganese (Mn2+). Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the physicochemical properties of water in longevity zones reveals lower calcium ions (Ca2+) levels compared to other regions, ranging from 6 to 20 mg.L-1. Notably, regions like Nova Scotia, Canada, known for supercentenarians for over 110 years, have water with such calcium levels. Similarly, longevity is observed in areas of Greece characterized by Mediterranean cuisine and mountain water. Water's physicochemical composition is significantly influenced by its natural filtration through rocks, which imbues it with beneficial minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approved medical face masks have been shown to prevent the spread of respiratory droplets associated with coronavirus transmission in specific settings. The primary goal of this study was to develop a new strategy to assess the filtering and transmissibility properties of medical- and non-medical-grade face masks. In this study, we designed and assessed the filtering efficiency of particles through six different masks with a diverse set of fabrics, textures (woven and non-woven), fiber diameters, and porosity. The filtering and transmissibility properties of face mask layers individually and in combination have been assessed using mathematical analyses and new experimental data. The latter provided velocity profiles and filtration efficiencies for which the data were shown to be predictable. The filtration efficacy and pressure drop across each fabric have been tested using an aerosol particle spray and scanning electron microscopy. To assess clinical significance, the temperature and humidity of the masks were tested on a group of healthy volunteers spanning various age ranges (9–79 years old), utilizing an embedded temperature sensor disc. Also, a mask filter model was developed using fluid dynamic simulations (Solidworks Flow) to evaluate the aerodynamic dispersion of respiratory droplets. Overall, the FFP2 and FFP3 masks demonstrated the highest filtration efficiencies, each exceeding 90%, a feature of multi-layered masks that is consistent with simulations demonstrating higher filtering efficiencies for small particles (

ABSTRACTTechnologies are transforming the understanding of adipose tissue as a complex and dynamic tissue that plays a critical role in energy homoeostasis and metabolic health. This mini-review provides a brief overview of the potential impact of novel technologies in biomedical research and aims to identify areas where these technologies can make the most significant contribution to adipose tissue research. It discusses the impact of cutting-edge technologies such as single-cell sequencing, multi-omics analyses, spatial transcriptomics, live imaging, 3D tissue engineering, microbiome analysis, in vivo imaging, and artificial intelligence/machine learning. As these technologies continue to evolve, we can expect them to play an increasingly important role in advancing our understanding of adipose tissue and improving the treatment of related diseases.

Soybean is an excellent and cost-effective protein source. However, its usage is limited by antinutrients. Soybean curd commonly called 'awara' in Nigeria or 'tofu' in Asia is a processed cuisine that is consumed in many countries. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB) that are mostly used as starter cultures in fermentation processes and have been associated with many health benefits were isolated from fresh cow milk collected from three sample areas of Nwosen, Komoto and Zaria in Rugga, a Fulani community in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. A total of seven strains were isolated from the fresh cow milk post biochemical tests. Two strains with good starter culture properties were used in fermenting the soybean curds and molecularly identified thereafter. One of the strains was confirmed to be LAB (Lactococcus lactis) and the other was AAB (Acetobacter tropicalis). After forty-eight hours of fermentation, L. lactis and A. tropicalis were able to increase the protein content from 30.6% to 45.7% and 30.6% to 42.3% respectively. Decreases in anti-nutrient contents of the samples were also observed. The difference in these values proves that these L. lactis was the best starter that increased the nutrient and decreased the anti-nutrients via extended hours of fermentation thus making it the most preferred starter culture in fermentation of soybean curd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Whereas the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Addenbrooke's cognitive examination-revised (ACE-R) are commonly used tests for the detection of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), these instruments take 10-30 min to administer and do not assess processing speed, which is a critical impairment in PSCI. MemTrax (MTx) is a continuous recognition test, which evaluates complex information processing, accuracy, speed, and attention, in 2 min. Aim: To evaluate whether MTx is an effective and practical tool for PSCI assessment. Methods: This study enrolled acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who have assessed the cognitive status including MTx, clinical dementia rating (CDR), MoCA, Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin scale (mRS), and Barthel Index of activity of daily living (BI) combined with the physical examinations of the neurologic system at the 90-day (D90) after the AIS. The primary endpoint of this study was establishing MTx cut-offs for distinguishing PSCI from AIS. Results: Of the 104 participants, 60 were classified to the PSCI group. The optimized cut-off value of MTx-%C (percent correct) was 78%, with a sensitivity and specificity for detecting PSCI from Non-PSCI of 90.0 and 84.1%, respectively, and an AUC of 0.919. Regarding the MTx-Cp (Composite score = MTx-%C/MTx-RT), using 46.3 as a cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity for detecting PSCI from Non-PSCI were 80.0 and 93.2%, with an AUC of 0.925. Multivariate linear regression showed that PSCI reduced the MTx-%C (Coef. -14.18, 95% CI -18.41~-9.95, p < 0.001) and prolonged the MTx-RT (response time) (Coef. 0.29, 95% CI 0.16~0.43, p < 0.001) and reduced the MTx-CP (Coef. -19.11, 95% CI -24.29~-13.93, p < 0.001). Conclusion: MemTrax (MTx) is valid and effective for screening for PSCI among target patients and is a potentially valuable and practical tool in the clinical followup, monitoring, and case management of PSCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the research is to determine electrical anisotropy of woven fabrics to describe the multidirectional dependence of the electrical resistance of woven fabrics. The van der Pauw electrodes configuration is used to determine the electrical resistance. Scanning electron microscope–energy‐dispersion X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) analysis is carried out to identify the real amount of conductive elements on a fabric surface as a result of yarns or fabric metallization and to explain the electrical conductivity of the textile materials. The planar electrical anisotropy of electroconductive woven fabrics is observed. The maximum and minimum values of resistances of woven fabric are connected with the weft/warp of which direction coincides with the direction of the longitudinal and transversal axes in the sample plane. SEM–EDS analysis confirms that the electrical conductivity of fabrics depends on the samples elemental composition and the amount of metals deposited on yarns or woven fabrics. It is observed that the sample metallization with thick coating gives a better solution than weaving textiles from coated yarns from the point of view of electrical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the first analytical data obtained from the examination of fragments of stunning Russian–Byzantine frescoes recovered from an archaeological excavation at Veliky Novgorod, one of the oldest cities in Russia and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The archaeologists of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences have been working on architectural excavations at Novgorod for more than 20 years. In the last seven years, they have unearthed fragments of frescoes in the layers of the twelfth century AD during excavation under the floor of the Cathedral of St. George in the Yuriev Princely Monastery (built in 1119).As a first step of this complex research, we decided to concentrate on blue and green pigments. A selection of 30 samples and around 30 parts of wall paintings still in situ, subdivided by technique and color nuance, were first autoptically examined and, where possible, studied by optical microscopy. In this way typical details, such as the use of additives to the mortars, different ways of treating and mixing the colors, and pigment layers, were recognized. For the first screening, the analytical data were collected using a portable X-ray fluorescence device. They indicated the use of a variety of pigments and mixtures to obtain different nuances of color. The samples were then analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry. All phases of the study were recorded and documented by photos and micrographs of the most significant details. The data are discussed in the text and help explain the working habits of the painters of the time.

Current environmental problems are still seriously elevating. One way to reduce the threat of environmental problems is to change students' perspective and behavior to be more concerned toward the environment. This research aims to describe the environmental care attitude of student or biology teacher candidates in University of Papua. The sample in this study amounted to 75 respondents to biology teacher candidates. The data was collected by disseminating questionnaires through Google Form due to the pandemic conditions of Covid-19. The environmental care attitude questionnaire was organized based on 5 indicators, namely limits to growth attitude, anti-anthropocentrism, balance of nature, anti-exemptionalism eco-crisis. The results of the analysis showed that the highest attitude was on the eco-crisis indicator with an average value of 4.00, followed by the balance of nature attitude indicator with an average of 3.99, the limits to growth attitude indicator with an average of 3.81, the anti-anthropocentrism attitude indicator averaging 3.61 and the anti-exemptionalism attitude indicator averaging 3.48. The environmental attitude category was dominated by the good category of 86.7%, the excellent category by 8.0% and the low category by 5.30% and there was no apathy category / no matter the environment. Thus, in general, the students' attitude of caring toward the environment of Biology Study Program in the University of Papua is within the category of Good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundTo characterize the pattern of hospitalization in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PD), and compare the differences to see whether AD patients and PD patients have a different picture of hospitalization.MethodsThe clinical features of all consecutive patients from January 2017 to December 2020 were reviewed. We identified AD patients and PD patients from an electronic database in a tertiary medical center.ResultsThe study group comprised 995 AD patients and 2,298 PD patients who were admitted to the hospital for the first time, and re-hospitalized 231 AD patients and 371 PD patients were also included. AD patients were older than PD patients when they were hospitalized (p < 0.001). AD patients had longer lengths of stay, higher re-hospitalization rates, and higher intrahospital mortality rates than PD patients during hospitalization even after adjusting age and gender. PD patients had higher levels of total cost than AD patients due to the cost of the deep brain stimulation (DBS) insertion. Hospitalizations for AD patients occurred most often in the department of geriatrics, while most PD patients were admitted to the department of neurology. Hospitalization due to the presence of comorbid conditions was much higher in AD patients, but a larger proportion of PD patients were hospitalized due to PD disease itself.ConclusionsThe present study found that AD patients and PD patients have a significantly different picture of hospitalization. It is important to implement different management for hospitalized AD and PD, and different emphasis should be given when establishing primary prevention strategies, informing care needs, and guiding healthcare resource planning.

In this study, the thermal degradation and pyrolysis of hospital plastic waste consisting of polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and polypropylene (PP) were investigated using TG-GC/MS. The identified molecules with the functional groups of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, aromatics, phenols, CO and CO2 were found in the gas stream from pyrolysis and oxidation, and are chemical structures with derivatives of aromatic rings. They are mainly related to the degradation of PS hospital waste, and the alkanes and alkenes groups originate mainly from PP and PE-based medical waste. The pyrolysis of this hospital waste did not show the presence of derivatives of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, which is an advantage over classical incineration methodologies. CO, CO2, phenol, acetic acid and benzoic acid concentrations were higher in the gases from the oxidative degradation than in those generated in the pyrolysis with helium. In this article, we propose different pathways of reaction mechanisms that allow us to explain the presence of molecules with other functional groups, such as alkanes, alkenes, carboxylic acids, alcohols, aromatics and permanent gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silk from silkworms and spiders is an exceptionally important natural material, inspiring a range of new products and applications due to its high strength, elasticity, and toughness at low density, as well as its unique conductive and optical properties. Transgenic and recombinant technologies offer great promise for the scaled-up production of new silkworm- and spider-silk-inspired fibres. However, despite considerable effort, producing an artificial silk that recaptures the physico-chemical properties of naturally spun silk has thus far proven elusive. The mechanical, biochemical, and other properties of pre-and post-development fibres accordingly should be determined across scales and structural hierarchies whenever feasible. We have herein reviewed and made recommendations on some of those practices for measuring the bulk fibre properties; skin-core structures; and the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of silk proteins and the properties of dopes and their proteins. We thereupon examine emerging methodologies and make assessments on how they might be utilized to realize the goal of developing high quality bio-inspired fibres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the first analytical data obtained from the examination of fragments of stunning Russian-Byzantine frescoes recovered from an archaeological excavation at Veliky Novgorod, one of the oldest cities in Russia and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The archaeologists of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences have been working on architectural excavations at Novgorod for more than 20 years. In the last seven years, they have unearthed fragments of frescoes in the layers of the twelfth century AD during excavation under the floor of the Cathedral of St. George in the Yuriev Princely Monastery (built in 1119). As a first step of this complex research, we decided to concentrate on blue and green pigments. A selection of 30 samples and around 30 parts of wall paintings still in situ, subdivided by technique and color nuance, were first autoptically examined and, where possible, studied by optical microscopy. In this way typical details, such as the use of additives to the mortars, different ways of treating and mixing the colors, and pigment layers, were recognized. For the first screening, the analytical data were collected using a portable X-ray fluorescence device. They indicated the use of a variety of pigments and mixtures to obtain different nuances of color. The samples were then analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry. All phases of the study were recorded and documented by photos and micrographs of the most significant details. The data are discussed in the text and help explain the working habits of the painters of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The performance of a classification algorithm eventually reaches a point of diminishing returns, where the additional sample added does not improve the results. Thus, there is a need to determine an optimal sample size that maximizes performance while accounting for computational burden or budgetary concerns., Objective: This study aimed to determine optimal sample sizes and the relationships between sample size and dataset-level characteristics over a variety of binary classification algorithms., Methods: A total of 16 large open-source datasets were collected, each containing a binary clinical outcome. Furthermore, 4 machine learning algorithms were assessed: XGBoost (XGB), random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and neural networks (NNs). For each dataset, the cross-validated area under the curve (AUC) was calculated at increasing sample sizes, and learning curves were fit. Sample sizes needed to reach the observed full-dataset AUC minus 2 points (0.02) were calculated from the fitted learning curves and compared across the datasets and algorithms. Dataset-level characteristics, minority class proportion, full-dataset AUC, number of features, type of features, and degree of nonlinearity were examined. Negative binomial regression models were used to quantify relationships between these characteristics and expected sample sizes within each algorithm. A total of 4 multivariable models were constructed, which selected the best-fitting combination of dataset-level characteristics., Results: Among the 16 datasets (full-dataset sample sizes ranging from 70,000-1,000,000), median sample sizes were 9960 (XGB), 3404 (RF), 696 (LR), and 12,298 (NN) to reach AUC stability. For all 4 algorithms, more balanced classes (multiplier: 0.93-0.96 for a 1% increase in minority class proportion) were associated with decreased sample size. Other characteristics varied in importance across algorithms-in general, more features, weaker features, and more complex relationships between the predictors and the response increased expected sample sizes. In multivariable analysis, the top selected predictors were minority class proportion among all 4 algorithms assessed, full-dataset AUC (XGB, RF, and NN), and dataset nonlinearity (XGB, RF, and NN). For LR, the top predictors were minority class proportion, percentage of strong linear features, and number of features. Final multivariable sample size models had high goodness-of-fit, with dataset-level predictors explaining a majority (66.5%-84.5%) of the total deviance in the data among all 4 models., Conclusions: The sample sizes needed to reach AUC stability among 4 popular classification algorithms vary by dataset and method and are associated with dataset-level characteristics that can be influenced or estimated before the start of a research study., (©Scott Silvey, Jinze Liu. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 17.12.2024.)

Gene expression signatures have proven their potential to characterize important cancer phenomena like oncogenic signaling pathway activities, cellular origins of tumors, or immune cell infiltration into tumor tissues. Large collections of expression signatures provide the basis for their application to data sets, but the applicability of each signature in a new experimental context must be reassessed. We apply a methodology that utilizes the previously developed concept of coherent expression of genes in signatures to identify translatable signatures before scoring their activity in single tumors. We present a web interface (www.rosettasx.com) that applies our methodology to expression data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopaedia and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Configurable heat maps visualize per-cancer signature scores for 293 hand-curated literature-derived gene sets representing a wide range of cancer-relevant transcriptional modules and phenomena. The platform allows users to complement heatmaps of signature scores with molecular information on SNVs, CNVs, gene expression, gene dependency, and protein abundance or to analyze own signatures. Clustered heatmaps and further plots to drill-down results support users in studying oncological processes in cancer subtypes, thereby providing a rich resource to explore how mechanisms of cancer interact with each other as demonstrated by exemplary analyses of 2 cancer types.

The COVID-19 pandemic strongly affected the national economies and the global economy as a whole. The restrictions imposed generated disruptions at the level of both material and financial flows, significantly challenging the economic entities’ resilience. Surely, the impact was stronger on smaller entities or the ones from certain fields of activity, the hotels, restaurants and catering sector being extremely affected. This article aims to provide a rough parallel financial analyses between the situation of 2019 under normal circumstances, and the situation of 2020 under pandemic circumstances for a well-established company in the Romanian hospitality industry, namely SC Turism Felix SA Băile Felix.

Background: Acral location of melanomas is associated with poor survival. It can be due, at least in part, to the fact that acral lentiginous melanoma, a distinct melanoma subtype, has a particular biological profile and a bad clinical behavior. However, since almost 50% of acral melanomas are not of acral lentiginous melanoma subtype, the worse clinical behavior could also be attributable to the intrinsic characteristics of the location. Objective: This study aimed to investigate if melanomas of the lower limb excluding acral lentiginous melanoma differ by location. Methods: This retrospective, observational study recruited patients from an oncology referral center in Spain. We included 285 patients with superficial spreading and nodular melanomas of the lower limb. We compare melanomas by site, clinical and pathological characteristics, and the differences by location of disease-free and melanoma-specific survival by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard method. Results: Patients with melanomas on the foot, compared to those on the rest of the limb, were older and reported having suffered less sunburns; the melanoma more frequently appeared in areas that had been rarely sun exposed, were more frequently of nodular type, presented thicker tumors, with more ulceration, less regression, and more advanced stage of the disease. Foot location increased the risk of relapse and decreased melanoma-specific survival. Conclusion: Melanoma development in foot is less related to sun exposure and is associated with pathological features that can account for the worse prognosis and poorer survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess the benefits of the Emergency Department Information System (EDIS)-linked fracture liaison service (FLS). Methods: Patients identified through EDIS were invited to attend an FLS at the intervention hospital, the Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (SCGS-FLS). The intervention group was compared to usual care. Retrospective control (RC) at this hospital determined historical fracture risk (SCGH-RC). Prospective control (PC) was from a comparator, Fremantle Hospital (FH-PC). The main outcome measures were cost-effectiveness from a health system perspective and quality of life by EuroQOL (EQ-5D). Bottom-up cost of medical care, against the cost of managing recurrent fracture (weighted basket), was determined from the literature and 2013/14 Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Groups (AR-DRG) prices. Mean incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were simulated from 5000 bootstrap iterations. Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves were generated. Results: The SCGH-FLS program reduced absolute re-fracture rates versus control cohorts (9.2–10.2%), producing an estimated cost saving of AUD$750,168–AUD$ 810,400 per 1000 patient-years in the first year. Between-groups QALYs differed with worse outcomes in both control groups (p < 0.001). The SCGH-FLS compared with SCGH-RC and FH-PC had a mean incremental cost of $8721 (95% CI −$1218, $35,044) and $8974 (95% CI −$26,701, $69,929), respectively, per 1% reduction in 12-month recurrent fracture risk. The SCGH-FLS compared with SCGH-RC and FH-PC had a mean incremental cost of $292 (95% CI −$3588, $3380) and −$261 (95% CI −$1521, $471) per EQ-5D QALY gained at 12 months respectively. With societal willingness to pay of $16,000, recurrent fracture is reduced by 1% in >80% of patients. Conclusions: This simple and easy model of identification and intervention demonstrated efficacy in reducing rates of recurrent fracture and was cost-effective and potentially cost saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The measurement of glucose in canines is a common procedure in daily clinical practice. Currently this value can be obtained by use of portable devices and laboratory tests. This research was carried out in order to provide more knowledge about the importance of glucose measurement, since in recent years it has lost value among the hematological tests to be considered because it is only related to certain pathologies such as diabetes or other metabolic diseases. The present study aimed to compare the glucose values in dogs obtained with a portable glucometer for human use, veterinarian use, and the standard laboratory test. This comparison may indicate the reliability of the results obtained through the evaluated methods. A blood sampling of 50 clinically healthy canines was taken and submitted to glucose evaluation using the three methods. Our investigation showed that the three ways of assessing blood glucose have statistically different results (p < 0.05). Glucose values had final averages of 84.14 mg/dL, 101.12 mg/dL, and 91.12 mg/dL for the portable glucometer for human use (Accu-chek® Active, Roche Diagnostic, Mannheim, Germany), veterinary (aLcose® Vet Glu, jjPlus Corporation, New Taipei, Taiwan) and the standard laboratory test, respectively. In conclusion, portable glucometers for human use underestimate the glucose values, and those for veterinary use overestimate them compared to the standard laboratory test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The earth-air heat exchanger (EHX) has a promising potential to passively save the energy consumption of traditional air conditioning systems while maintaining a high degree of indoor comfort. The use of EHX systems for air conditioning in commercial and industrial settings offers several environmental benefits and is capable of operating in both standalone and hybrid modes. This study tests the performance and effectiveness of an EHX design in a sandy soil area in Baghdad, Iraq. The area has a climate of the subtropical semi-humid type. Ambient air temperatures and soil temperatures were recorded throughout the months of 2021. During the months of January and June, the temperatures of the inlet and outflow air at varying air velocities were monitored concurrently in 10-min increments at each location. Further numerical and thermodynamical analyses of the measurements were conducted to reveal the influencing performance parameters. The highest temperature rises of air between the input and exit sections were determined as 12.3°C (January) and 17.2°C (June). It is found that the maximum values of effectiveness are 0.80 and 0.81, while coefficients of performance are 1.6 and 1.8 for January and June, respectively. It is also found that the EHX shows good functionality and effectiveness, with potential energy savings for equipment for cooling and heating under different weather conditions.