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Though teaching practices integrating digital technology are well documented in the scientific literature, the matter of their initial training is not. In this case study, we explore, through field observations, self-confrontation interviews and interpretative analysis, two trainers’ activity in this training area. To do so, we use the conceptualization in action theoretical framework (Pastré, 2011; Vergnaud, 1996). Results show similarities and differences not only between training actions but also in conceptualizations that seem to guide those actions in the trainers’ practice. Those differences, revealed by the activity analysis, tend to show that a similar didactical approach will be led differently according to the way the trainer has conceptualized teaching, educative use of digital tools and teachers’ training.

This article explores systemic tensions in the agricultural and fishing sectors, derived from historical decisions and influenced by various agents. The analyzes reveal limitations that are changing the purposes of work, leading exploiters of the land and sea to diversify their activities to maintain profitability at the expense of their health. In the context of ecological transition, exploiters must adapt to various demands without adequate support. The tensions between artisanal and industrial production illustrate the challenges they face, with regulations that are sometimes perceived as unfair. Agricultural and fishing activities are dominated by regulatory, technological, community and social pressures which require a reevaluation of the balance of power. An activity analysis, focused on activity systems and systemic contradictions, can help put into perspective the individual and collective worries of those involved, and support the design of work environments, norms and instruments that are sustainable and developmental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text focuses with the possibility of training school principals based on their real activity. First, it examines the potential of using data on principals' shadowing. Second, having experienced the limits of this approach, the text considers the paradox approach to put into perspective the dilemmas and hesitations experienced by school principals in their functions of management. Finally, it introduces a training program that aims to identify, understand, and discuss these paradoxes, and in particular ways of managing and coping with them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the criticism made by Lima, Ribeiro, La Guardia and Nagem (2020) about the scarce development of a theory of the activity within the approaches of Work Sciences. Based on a non-comprehensive revision of the contributions and insufficiencies of the referred article, the purpose of this text is to encourage scientific debate to make progress in the reflection about the limits of activity analysis in those approaches. Although the criticism made by Lima et al. (2020) is legitim, its construction has flaws, as the authors seem to mistakenly generalize the way the debate is held in each approach, hence neglecting the contributions it brings. In addition, the case study shown by the authors seems insufficient and it contradicts the arguments they develop, because the method they defend is not fully applied, nor are the generated transformations properly demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faire une recherche sur la construction de l’expérience implique de travailler sur le mode même dont l’expérience se construit : dans son continuum, dans ses aspects micro-sociaux, dans ses transformations simultanées de l’action et de la pensée de l’action. Bref, il s’agit de construire la recherche, comme se construit l’expérience. C’est le parti pris de ce texte qui a pour objet plus particulier la première demande d’aide, enjeu pour tous les métiers de l’agir sur/avec/pour autrui. Dans l’intervention professionnelle la première demande adressée à l’intervenant est simplement considérée comme une prémisse de son intervention nécessaire pour établir le lien, mais qui n’est pas toujours constituée en ressource pour l’action auprès des personnes. Les matériaux des demandes d’aides recueillis dans le cadre d’un dispositif d’accès aux droits et de recours en santé mentale sont ici décryptés selon une approche d’analyse des activités pour repérer dès la première mise en contact les dynamiques déjà en cours, potentiellement mobilisables par les partenaires de l’échange. Les comportements révélateurs des dynamiques d’acteurs sont présents dans la manière de se présenter et de se positionner. Elles donnent à voir et à entendre les limites et les termes des compromis que les personnes en demande d’aide jugent possibles et acceptables. Considérer l’affirmation de soi, de sa volonté et de ses choix comme autant de dynamiques permet de mettre en mouvement les personnes et de transformer la situation dans laquelle elles se trouvent.

Fishing is a risky activity that has been mainly studied in ergonomics in order to optimize safety on board. The current ecological situation has led us to take an interest in a new way of fishing in order, among other things, to design more environmentally friendly fishing gear. Until now, no study has focused on how fishermen use fishing gear. Based on in situ observations on board two fishing boats and on explicitating self-confrontation interviews with four sailors, this study describes the use of fishing nets at different levels of the fishing activity: macro, meso and micro. It highlights the mechanical stress suffered by fishing nets and the patterns of use mobilized by the deckhands during the unmeshing of the catch. The results help to enrich the specifications for the design of biodegradable fishing gear, to enlighten the design teams on real fishing activity, and to build an environment facilitating the transition from current fishing practices to more sustainable ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Relations / Relations Industrielles is the property of Universite Laval, Department of Industrial Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Les technologies émergentes - parfois qualifiées de nouvelles technologies ou technologies innovantes - peuvent être définies sur la base de quatre caractéristiques: un caractère novateur, des usages peu clairs, des limites qui en ralentissent l'application et une promesse de transformation du contexte économique et social dans lequel elles sont introduites (Loup-Escande, 2021). Le caractère émergent de ces technologies questionne l'ergonomie de conception à travers deux difficultés majeures. La première, liée au paradoxe de l'ergonomie de conception, correspond à l'absence de recommandations ergonomiques du fait de manque d'usages et de précédents. La seconde difficulté concerne la complexité intrinsèque à ces technologies émergentes et à l'interaction de l'utilisateur avec ces dernières questionnant au moins quatre dimensions ergonomiques: l'utilité, l'utilisabilité, l'expérience utilisateur et l'acceptabilité. En effet, ces technologies sont caractérisées par des fonctionnalités relativement novatrices (Loup-Escande et al., 2013) et des interfaces souvent très innovantes suggérant parfois des problèmes d'utilisabilité (Chaniaud, 2020) voire d'expérience utilisateur (Tcha-Tokey, 2018) ayant des conséquences en termes d'acceptabilité (Sagnier, 2019). Ce concept d'acceptabilité a été abordé dans la littérature au travers de différentes acceptions: l'acceptabilité sociale, l'acceptabilité pratique et l'acceptabilité située, et des relations avec les dimensions connexes précitées ont été identifiées (Sagnier et al., 2019). Par ailleurs, l'ergonomie de conception mobilise trois approches méthodologiques: l'approche expérimentale héritée du courant Human Factors, l'approche écologique issue de l'ergonomie de l'activité et l'approche prospective qui consiste à anticiper les futurs besoins, usages et comportements en vue de créer des systèmes qui soient adaptés aux utilisateurs (Loup-Escande et al., 2021). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les technologies émergentes – parfois qualifiées de nouvelles technologies ou technologies innovantes – peuvent être définies sur la base de quatre caractéristiques : un caractère novateur, des usages peu clairs, des limites qui en ralentissent l’application et une promesse de transformation du contexte économique et social dans lequel elles sont introduites (Loup-Escande, 2021). Le caractère émergent de ces technologies questionne l’ergonomie de conception à travers deux difficultés majeures. La première, liée au paradoxe de l’ergonomie de conception, correspond à l’absence de recommandations ergonomiques du fait de manque d’usages et de précédents. La seconde difficulté concerne la complexité intrinsèque à ces technologies émergentes et à l’interaction de l’utilisateur avec ces dernières questionnant au moins quatre dimensions ergonomiques : l’utilité, l’utilisabilité, l’expérience utilisateur et l’acceptabilité. En effet, ces technologies sont caractérisées par des fonctionnalités relativement novatrices (Loup-Escande et al., 2013) et des interfaces souvent très innovantes suggérant parfois des problèmes d’utilisabilité (Chaniaud, 2020) voire d’expérience utilisateur (Tcha-Tokey, 2018) ayant des conséquences en termes d’acceptabilité (Sagnier, 2019). Ce concept d’acceptabilité a été abordé dans la littérature au travers de différentes acceptions : l’acceptabilité sociale, l’acceptabilité pratique et l’acceptabilité située, et des relations avec les dimensions connexes précitées ont été identifiées (Sagnier et al., 2019). Par ailleurs, l’ergonomie de conception mobilise trois approches méthodologiques : l’approche expérimentale héritée du courant Human Factors, l’approche écologique issue de l’ergonomie de l’activité et l’approche prospective qui consiste à anticiper les futurs besoins, usages et comportements en vue de créer des systèmes qui soient adaptés aux utilisateurs (Loup-Escande et al., 2021).

This article revisits the question of commitment and disengagement at work, by studying their links with the work activity as it is carried out on daily basis by professionals. We mobilize different theoretical perspectives, rooted in psychopathology and in clinical approaches to workplaces and work activity. These perspectives are discussed in relation to data from an intervention carried out in a public cleaning department. This intervention was conducted using the Clinic of Activity approach. Taking one example, we identified a specific configuration of commitment and disengagement at work, its links with the activity, and its subjective implications and effects on daily work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans cette revue de question, les auteurs réalisent un état des lieux des connaissances relatives à l'activité en match et des caractéristiques des joueurs et joueuses de haut niveau, ainsi qu'à la traumatologie et à la prévention des blessures en football. La compréhension des exigences spécifiques du football de niveau élite peut fournir des informations importantes sur les facteurs qui permettent d'être performant en compétition. En particulier, les mesures anthropométriques, les capacités physiques et physiologiques des joueurs et des joueuses sont spécifiques et diffèrent l'un de l'autre. Il a été effectué une recherche de la littérature j'usqu'à novembre 2020 sur les bases de données Medline via Pubmed, Researchgate, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus et Google Scholar, au terme de laquelle, il a été retenu 205 études en utillisant les mots clés : la performance dans le football et ses différentes variables ; les méthodes de suivi de la charge en match ; l'analyse de la charge en match ; les caractéristiques physiques et physiologiques des joueurs et des joueuses élites ; les blessures et la prévention des blessures. La prise en compte des différents éléments de cette revue permettra aux staffs des équipes de football d'appréhender l'entraînement et la compétition dans un but de performance et de prévention. In this review the authors achieve a state of knowledge related to the match activity, the characteristics of elite men and women players, as well as trauma and injury prevention in soccer. Comprehension the specific requirements of elite level soccer can provide important information about the factors that enable competitive performance. In particular, anthropometric measurements, physical and physiological capacities of men and women players are specific and differ from each other. A literature review was carried out from inception to November 2020 on databases of Medline via Pubmed, Researchgate, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar, at the end of which, 205 studies were identified using the key terms: performance in football and its different variables; the workload monitoring in matches; the workload analysis in matches; the physical and physiological characteristics of men and women elite players; injury and injury prevention. Considering the different elements of this review will allow staff to understand training and competition with the aim of performance and injury prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nauki o Wychowaniu. Studia Interdyscyplinarne is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

SMACH (Multi-Agent Simulation of Human Activity and Consumption in the Home) is a simulation platform that is part of EDF's research and development framework. It aims to use simulation to anticipate and reduce energy consumption at different levels of analysis (housing, neighborhood, city, country). The aim of this article is to characterize a "course-of-action" technological research program by referring to several years of SMACH research work. We mainly focus on the importance of the organic relationship between technology and human activity and we show the evolution of this organic relationship as we follow the different stages that characterize this technological research program. This article can be seen as a basis for generalizing and specifying the effective criteria for validating a technological research program and as a contribution to a reflection on design in ergonomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a general context of increasing complexity of the ethical issues inherent in health practices, health professionals and specifically nurses find themselves forced to follow these changes in terms of skills development and ethical empowerment. Therefore, training practices are called upon to be revisited with the aim of developing ethical action. The research is based on this hypothesis: within the framework of ethics training, nurses who benefit from education based on the activity analysis centered on the schemes that govern ethical behaviors would see an increase in their level of self-efficacy linked to ethical behaviors. This results presented in this study ould make several contributions to educational practices and serve the training and specifically the education of nurses in health ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SMACH (Multi-agent Simulation of Human Activity and Household Consumption) is a simulation platform within EDF's R&D framework. It uses simulation to anticipate and reduce energy consumption at different places of analysis (home, district, town, country). With this paper we aim to explain what the course of action technological research program involves, and to this end we refer to several years of SMACH research. We essentially focus on the importance of the organic relationship between technology and human activity, and we show how this organic relationship evolves over the different stages that this technological research program involves. This paper may be viewed as a basis for generalizing and clarifying the criteria required to validate such a program and as a contribution towards reflection on design in ergonomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "course of action" empirical and technological research program was developed in the field of ergonomics during the 1980s and 1990s. It was then extended to other fields of research and action beyond the boundaries of ergonomics. This contribution proposes an archeology of knowledge with the aim of gaining an understanding not only of the "course of action" research program (and its concreteness), but also of the notions/concepts/methods/models that it proposes for both analysis and design. By rapidly scanning both the history and the conceptual universe of the "course of action" research program, this article aims (1) to point out the main empirical and technological contributions of this program and the potential it still holds (for work/activity analysis and for design), and (2) to help to make sense of certain concepts and analytical notions by mentioning the context of their emergence and evolutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "course of action" empirical and technological research program was developed in the field of ergonomics during the 1980s and 1990s. It was then extended to other fields of research and action beyond the boundaries of ergonomics. This contribution proposes an archeology of knowledge with the aim of gaining an understanding not only of the "course of action" research program (and its concreteness), but also of the notions/concepts/methods/models that it proposes for both analysis and design. By rapidly scanning both the history and the conceptual universe of the "course of action" research program, this article aims (1) to point out the main empirical and technological contributions of this program and the potential it still holds (for work/activity analysis and for design), and (2) to help to make sense of certain concepts and analytical notions by mentioning the context of their emergence and evolutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'objectif de cet article est de montrer comment les rapports entre les gestes et la parole soutiennent, ou pas, le développement de l'activité de deux chefs d'équipe d'éboueurs d'une grande collectivité en situation d'analyse de leur propre travail. Nous étudions plus précisément en quoi un geste de balayage réalisé par l'un des deux professionnels, et repris par l'autre, en autoconfrontation croisée, ouvre une fenêtre sur le fonctionnement du développement de leur activité. À partir de deux extraits d'une autoconfrontation croisée et d'une retranscription des énoncés, d'une mise en évidence des gestes et des regards coordonnées à la parole, ainsi que de présentations de certains gestes significatifs réalisées en utilisant une copie d'écran de l'enregistrement vidéo, nous montrons que les discordances entre les gestes et la parole ouvrent des voies d'accès au développement de l'activité de ces professionnels. Enfin, nous faisons l'hypothèse que ce développement est l'une des origines de la transformation de l'action, observée ultérieurement après cette situation d'autoconfrontation croisée, de l'un des deux chefs d'équipe. This article aims to show how the relationship between gestures and speech can help understand mechanisms of activity's development. In situation of self-confrontation work analysis between two workers, we study more precisely the repetition of a sweep gesture made by one of the two professionals and repeated by the other one. We argue that this type of repetition highlights development of activities mechanisms. From two extracts from a cross self-confrontation, we analyze the coordination between speech and gestures. We finally show that mismatches between gestures and speech make possible to understand development of activity of these professionals in this particular context. As a conclusion, the hypothesis that this development may be one of the origins of the transformation of action in ordinary work situations is advanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When inventing a situation that does not still exist, an engineer design new technical objects, fostering his capacities of observation, analysis and creativity. How develop those capacities in technical higher education by using knowledge and tools of design sciences? Design sciences mainly pay attention on the object to design, the process and reject the designer as a subject of his activity. We mobilize analysis of activity and human sciences for taking into account the designer as a full person with his identity, his singularity and being author of his activity. We offer to analyse the epistemological gap between design and human sciences by reflecting an experience of learning inventive design in a French engineering school. We finally show that appear a paradox linked to design sciences. Before being inventive, design sciences are reproductive. Inventive design is outside design sciences, mainly in human interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By contrast with most common training models, perturbation-based training does not consist in the transmission of established knowledge. It aims to produce a "shock" to encourage the making of new meanings and to foster the development of new actions. This study is embedded in a technological research program on training. It consists in a proof of concept within an ergonomic approach to training in the field of medical radiology. The aim of this study was to (i) operationalize and test the design principles of perturbation-based training, and to (ii) develop a training tool for medical radiology technicians. This research consisted in designing a digital training environment (DTE) and testing it with a trainer who did not participate in the design. We empirically documented (i) the discovery of the DTE by the trainer using interruptive verbalization data, and (ii) the use of DTE by the trainer using observations and selfconfrontation interviews. Results revealed expected and potentially constructive perturbations regarding professional culture, but also unexpected and potentially counterproductive perturbations regarding training culture, that created obstacles to the appropriation of the DTE. We analyze three types of perturbation and conclude with propositions for the design of perturbation-based training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'objectif de cet article est d'examiner la gestion des cadres temporels multiples dans une activité de traitement de dossiers, dans ses liens avec la qualité. Nous analysons pour cela l'activité de techniciens retraite qui ont un rôle clé pour la fiabilité de la prestation de service public de l'organisme qui les emploie. À partir d'une méthodologie croisant observations de l'activité de back-office et entretiens à visée réflexive sur des dossiers en cours, nous analysons l'activité de gestion temporelle des techniciens dans leur activité quotidienne, puis plus transversalement dans des activités de régularisation de carrières, d'installation des rendez-vous et de gestion des « erreurs » retournées par le Contrôle. Nous montrons en quoi, avec l'expérience, les techniciens appréhendent les cadres temporels dans des configurations aux dynamiques multiples, qu'ils organisent et façonnent en cherchant à ouvrir des possibilités pour cette gestion. L'enjeu pour les systèmes de travail est alors de repérer différentes dimensions de la qualité du point de vue de l'activité individuelle et collective. Il s'agit en particulier d'identifier les besoins et enjeux de la gestion temporelle, ainsi que les configurations qui permettent la gestion des dilemmes temporels ou au contraire la rendent difficile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has been conducted as part of the tutoring of librarian teachers trainees. The purpose is to think about training practices in the tutorial relationship: reflective writing is a training tool during the training course. We have developed three learning situations. They have been carried out, observed and analysed with reference to the "counter-transposition didactics" model developed in information-documentation didactics: the actors' practice serves as a support for reflective writing work and determines the learning objects. In the reflective process, the trainees review their activity, they uncover and identify professional knowledge. Wording through written feedback on the action opens the way to a form of distancing that allows knowledge to be considered in a new form. This process establishes a print, reflecting part of the professional development of the practicing learner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last fifteen years ergotoxicology has been using an interdisciplinary approach to develop models and methods (Mohammed-Brahim & Garrigou, 2009; Garrigou, 2011) in an effort to preserve occupational health. This approach is based on toxicological knowledge and on methods of work activity analysis. The purpose of this article is to present a method based on the use of real time measurements, synchronized with video recordings of work situations. This stems from methodological development in ergotoxicology. The methodology calls for use of the video exposure monitoring (VEM) technique to detect situations of exposure and to formulate an in-depth work activity analysis. The objective of this method is to uncover situations where there is chemical exposure and to help companies recognize this. Three case studies are presented in this article. In the conclusion, we discuss the perspectives of this methodology for ergonomics with a view to to developing prevention practices involving workers, their management and occupational health enablers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Review of Science Mathematics & ICT Education is the property of Library & Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Review of Science Mathematics & ICT Education is the property of Library & Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)