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Zdrava družba teži k varnosti na vseh področjih človekovega bivanja in delovanja. V letu 2016 je dejavnikov, ki ogrožajo varnost, veliko. Amok situacija je ena izmed tistih, ki pomeni visoko stopnjo ogrožanja varnosti, saj so navadno amok situacije izredno nepredvidljive, posledice le-teh pa katastrofalne. Amok situacije, ki so nekoč veljale za kulturno pogojen sindrom, se danes pojavljajo po vsem svetu. Daleč največ amok situacij se je zgodilo v ZDA, prav tako se pojavljajo v Evropi. Amok, ki predstavlja izjemno varnostno tveganje, zahteva poseben model ukrepanja varnostnih organov – policije. Amok situacije so posebno problematične v smislu hitrega ukrepanja policije, ki je ključno pri zmanjševanju števila žrtev amoka. Stare oblike posredovanja policije v amok situacijah, ki so temeljile na čakanju na specialne enote, medtem ko je število smrtnih žrtev naraščalo, je bilo nujno zamenjati. Zgodovina posredovanja policije v amok situacijah je pokazala, da je potreben nov pristop. Oblikovati se je začel model ukrepanja policije, ki zagotavlja predvsem varno ukrepanje za policiste, hkrati pa omogoča hitro in učinkovito ukrepanje. Razvile so ga države, ki so se z amok situacijami večkrat srečale in ga posredujejo tistim državam, ki na tem področju še nimajo izkušenj. Z namenom raziskovanja stanja pripravljenosti ravnanja slovenske policije v amok situaciji sem analizirala domače in tuje vire, ki se nanašajo na amok situacije. Z metodo kritične analize in s kvalitativno metodo (strukturiran intervju) sem ugotovila, da je slovenska policija delovala preventivno in redno izvaja usposabljanja za učinkovito ukrepanje policije v amok situaciji po avstrijskem modelu, kljub temu da se z lastno amok situacijo še ni srečala. A healthy society tends towards safeness in all areas of human existence and activity. In the year 2016, there are many factors that are posing a threat to security. One that presents a significant safety issue is the amok situation which is usually particularly unpredictable and can have disastrous consequences. The amok situations were once considered to be a culturally imposed syndrome, but today they occur worldwide. The majority of them has happened in the United States of America, but they have also taken place in Europe. Amok, which represents an exceptional security risk, requires a special model for action for safety authorities, i.e. the police force. The especially problematic aspect of the amok situations is the rapid response of the police, which is crucial in order to reduce the number of victims. The old forms of police intervention, which basically consisted of waiting for the Special Forces while the number of victims was rising, had to be replaced. The history of police intervention in the amok situations showed that a new approach is needed. A new model of police intervention, which ensures safe, rapid and effective action, was established. It was developed by the countries that have witnessed several amok situations and it has been made available to those that have no previous experiences with this type of situation. In order to examine the state of readiness of Slovenian police force for the amok situations, I have analysed the domestic and foreign sources related to the amok situations. Using the method of critical analysis and qualitative method (i.e. a structured interview), I have found out that the Slovenian police force took preventive actions and carries out regular trainings. The aim of these trainings, which are based on the Austrian model, is to ensure effective police action in the amok situation, despite the fact that Slovenian police has not experienced this situation yet.

Amok je globalen medijski kulturni fenomen. Zaradi geografske omejenosti dogodka na določeno skupnost in okolje je večina z njim seznanjena prav preko množičnih medijev, ki vplivajo na javno razumevanje amok situacij. Vedejo se v skladu s tržnimi zakonitostmi in o kriminaliteti poročajo na senzacionalističen način, izpostavljenost prekomernemu nasilju v medijih pa ima lahko pri občinstvu za posledico zmanjšanje občutljivosti za nasilje, dojemanje grožnje za večjo, kot je v resnici, in posnemanje. Poleg tega strokovnjaki ugotavljajo, da so vzroki za množično nasilje ter njegovi učinki poenostavljeni in v medijih pogosto napačno predstavljeni, kar vključuje tudi prikazovanje problema duševnega zdravja. Mediji so nagnjeni k prekomernemu sklicevanju na povezavo duševne bolezni in nasilja, s čimer med drugim prispevajo k stigmatizaciji duševnih bolnikov. Mediji lahko preko učinka posnemanja prispevajo tudi k sami pojavnosti amok situacij, možno pa bi jih bilo uporabiti tudi za preventivo teh dejanj, kar očitno nakazujejo že študije o učinkih medijev na pojavnost samomorov. Priporočila za medijsko poročanje v primeru samomorov bi lahko služila kot osnova za spremembo poročanja v primeru množičnih pokolov. Številni raziskovalci, pa tudi Ameriško psihološko združenje tako množičnim medijem predlagajo naj ne objavljajo imen napadalcev, njihovih obrazov in propagande, naj ne poročajo o njihovem življenju in ne ugibajo o motivu, naj zmanjšajo število podrobnosti (potek dogajanja, uporabljena oblačila, oborožitev ipd.) in krvavih detajlov, naj ne objavljajo fotografij in video posnetkov, naj usmerijo pozornost na žrtve, a zmanjšajo količino fotografij žalujočih družin, v splošnem pa naj omejijo poročanje, ki naj bo zmanjšano in lokalizirano, povedo pa naj tudi drugačno zgodbo. Z namenom raziskovanja, kakšna je medijska reprezentacija amok situacij in storilcev v slovenskem medijskem prostoru, smo analizirali poročanje spletnih medijev rtvslo.si in 24ur.com o 12 amok situacijah iz ZDA in Evrope. Z metodo kritične diskurzivne analize smo ugotovili, da medijsko poročanje o amok situacijah v slovenskih spletnih medijih prevladujoče ne sledi začrtanim smernicam poročanja in da je v ospredju poročanja storilec, ki je prevladujoče reprezentiran kot posameznik s predhodnimi duševnimi težavami. Amok is a global media and cultural phenomenon. Due to the geographical restrictions of the event to the local community and environment where it occurs, most people are acquainted with the event through mass media, which influences the public perception of amok situations. They act in accordance with the market principles and report on violence in a sensationalistic way. Exposure to media violence can reduce the public's sensitivity to violence, increase the perceived threat so that it seems bigger than it is, and cause an imitation effect. In addition, experts say that the causes for mass violence and its effects are often simplified and incorrectly presented in the media, which includes the presentation of mental health. Media tend to accentuate the correlation between mental illness and violence, and thus contribute to the stigmatization of the mentally ill. Through the imitation effects they can also add to the frequency of amok situations themselves, and are therefore possible to be used for their prevention, which is evident from the studies of media effects on the occurence of suicides. The guidelines for reporting on suicides could be implemented for the media coverage of amok situations. Many researchers and the American Psychological Association suggest media guidelines for the reporting on mass shootings, including: never publish propaganda about the shooters, hide their names and faces, do not report on biographical details or publish speculations about motives, minimize specifics and gory details, do not publish photos or videos of the event, talk about the victims but minimize images of grieving families, decrease the saturation, and tell a different story. For research purposes regarding the media representation of amok situations and perpetrators in the Slovenian media environment, we analysed the media coverage of 12 amok situations from the United States of America and Europe in the online news media rtvslo.si and 24ur.com. The results of the critical discourse analysis show that the media coverage of amok situations in Slovenian news prevalently does not correspond with the media guidelines, and the perpetrators are predominantly represented as individuals with previously existing mental problems.