214 results on '"aminokiseline"'
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2. Domaće sorte i hibridi uljane repice: karakterizacija i ispitivanje potencijala za dobijanje alternativnih proteina
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Đermanović, Branislava, Đermanović, Branislava, Šarić, Bojana, Romanić, Ranko, Marjanović-Jeromela, Ana, Rajković, Dragana, Marić, Aleksandar, Jovanov, Pavle, Đermanović, Branislava, Đermanović, Branislava, Šarić, Bojana, Romanić, Ranko, Marjanović-Jeromela, Ana, Rajković, Dragana, Marić, Aleksandar, and Jovanov, Pavle
- Abstract
Rast globalne potražnje za proteinima namenjenim ishrani ljudi i životinja doprinosi sve većem interesovanju za alternativne izvore. Rastući trend upotrebe ulja iz semena uljane repice rezultira stvaranjem sve veće količine pogače koja se generiše prilikom procesa proizvodnje ulja. Iako se u našoj zemlji pogača uljane repice u najvećoj meri koristi u hrani za životinje, brojni uspešni primeri iz prakse i naučni rezultati ukazuju da ona može biti izvor visokokvalitetnih proteina za ljudsku ishranu. Shodno navedenom, procena potencijala sorti i hibrida uljane repice istpitivanih u ovom radu nije bila usmerena samo na identifikaciju onih sa maksimalnim prinosom ulja, već i na analizu drugih relevantnih pokazatelja, poput sadržaja proteina i aminokiselinskog sastava, koji bi sveobuhvatno mogli da opišu sortu ili hibrid kao široko primenjivu, posebno sa aspekta njenog potencijala za dobijanja visoko vrednih proteina., The increasing global demand for proteins for human and animal nutrition is driving growing interest in finding new sources. The rising demand for rapeseed oil results in the production of larger quantities of pressed cake generated during the oil production process. While most rapeseed cake is currently used in animal feed, there is significant potential for its utilization as a source of high-quality proteins for human nutrition. Therefore, assessing the potential of varieties and hybrids investigated in this study was not only focused on identifying those with maximum oil yield, but also on considering other relevant indicators, such as protein content and amino acid composition, that could comprehensively characterize a variety as widely applicable, especially regarding the potential valorization of meal through obtaining high-value proteins.
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- 2024
3. NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SERBIAN CAMELINA GENOTYPES AS AN ALTERNATIVE FEED INGREDIENT.
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Ilić, Petar N., Rakita, Slađana M., Spasevski, Nedeljka J., Đuragić, Olivera M., Marjanović Jeromela, Ana M., Cvejić, Sandra, and Zanetti, Federica
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OMEGA-6 fatty acids , *ESSENTIAL fatty acids , *CAMELINA , *OMEGA-3 fatty acids , *NUTRITIONAL value of feeds , *OILSEEDS - Abstract
Camelina has been used from ancient times, but recently has re-emerged as a valuable plant with the potential for successful replacement of conventional oilseed crops. The utilisation of camelina and its by-products in animal feed is a matter of scientific study due to their excellent nutritional potential. The present study aimed to investigate the nutritive value of two Serbian camelina seed genotypes (NS Zlatka and NS Slatka) as a potential alternative to commonly used oilseed crops in animal feeding. For that purpose proximate composition, fatty acid profile, amino acid profile and tocopherols were analysed. The study also included the investigation of the content of anti-nutritive compounds that can adversely affect the nutritional value of feed. The results showed that camelina seeds had a high amount of proteins (around 28%), amino acids and γ- to-copherols. Camelina genotypes were characterized by unique fatty acids composition, with its oil consisting of approximately 57% polyunsaturated fatty acids, of which the highest proportions were α-linolenic acid (~37%) and linoleic acid (~17%). An optimal ratio of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (0.5) was also reported in this study. The concentration of anti-nutritional factors and heavy metals in camelina seeds was below the maximum set limit for feedstuff. To conclude, the investigated Serbian camelina genotypes can be used as a valuable source of proteins, essential fatty acids and tocopherols in animal nutrition and has a great potential to replace conventional oilseeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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4. Primjena biostimulatora na bazi aminokiselina u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji.
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Gluhić, D.
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AGRICULTURAL productivity ,SOIL moisture ,AMINO acids ,LOW temperatures ,HIGH temperatures ,GREENHOUSE plants - Abstract
Copyright of Glasnik Zastite Bilja is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2020
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- View/download PDF
5. Peptidi i njihove sastavne komponente kao inhibitori korozije čelika: eksperimentalni i teorijski pristup
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Simović, Anđela, Stevanović, Sanja, Milovanović, Branislav, Etinski, Mihajlo, Bajat, Jelena, Simović, Anđela, Stevanović, Sanja, Milovanović, Branislav, Etinski, Mihajlo, and Bajat, Jelena
- Abstract
Ekološki prihvatljivi inhibitori privlače pažnju mnogih istraživača zbog povoljnih svojstava: biorazgradivost, netoksičnost, dostupnost i obnovljivost. U njih spadaju i amonokiseline (AK), kao sastojci od vitalnog značaja za sva živa bića. U radu je ispitan inhibitorski efekat nekoliko AK na čeliku u 1 M HCl: tri samostalne AK, glicin, glutaminska kiselina i cistein; smeša ove tri AK, kao i njihov dipeptid (glicin i glutaminska kiselina) i tripeptid glutation (glicin, glutaminska kiselina i cistein). Inhibitorska efikasnot AK je određena elektrohemijskim merenjima. Meren je ugao kvašenja površine čelika sa adsorbovanim inhibitorom, energija veza inhibitora i supstrata je određivana XPS metodom, a topografija AFM. Razlike u vezivanju inhibitora za supstrat su analizirane teorijskim proračunima., Green eco-friendly inhibitors have become very popular due to their remarkable properties such as biodegradability, environmental acceptability, safety, availability, and renewability. Amino acids (ACs) are one of them, as constituents of vital importance for all living beings. Several AC systems were examined in this study as steel inhibitors in 1 M HCl solution: three ACs separately, glycine, glutamic acid and cysteine; their mixture, as well as their dipeptide (glycine and glutamic acid) and tripeptide glutathione (glycine, glutamic acid and cysteine). Their inhibition efficiency was evaluated and compared by electrochemical methods. The steel surface with adsorbed inhibitor was analyzed by contact angle measurements, AFM and XPS. The intrinsic differences in adsorption between these green inhibitors were analyzed by theoretical calculations.
- Published
- 2023
6. Izgradnja i vizualizacija filogenetskog stabla
- Author
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Benčik, Lana and Domazet-Lošo, Mirjana
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korijen ,Metoda spajanja susjeda ,ukorjenjivanje srednje točke ,distances ,Clustal Omega ,phylogeny ,Kimurin model ,evolutionary models ,TECHNICAL SCIENCES. Computing ,evolucijski modeli ,roditelj ,genes ,Jukes-Cantorov model ,geni ,aminokiseline ,metode temeljene na udaljenosti ,čvorovi ,alignment ,bioinformatics ,sequencing ,mid-point rooting ,nukleotidi ,bioinformatika ,listovi ,leaves ,udaljenosti ,distance-based methods ,TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Računarstvo ,Kimura's model ,children ,phylogenetic tree ,Biopython ,Jukes-Cantor's model ,amino acids ,Newick ,filogenetsko stablo ,sekvenciranje ,grane ,root ,nucleotides ,proteins ,parent ,poravnanje ,branches ,djeca ,UPGMA ,filogenija ,proteini ,nodes ,Neighbor-Joining - Abstract
Podrijetlo i odnosi među vrstama proučavaju se stoljećima. Kako je vrijeme prolazilo, pojavile su se mnoge nove tehnologije koje su povukle nova područja studija. Jedno od tih područja je bioinformatika, disciplina koja se bavi prikupljanjem i analizom bioloških podataka. Potpodručje bioinformatike koje se naziva filogenija usredotočuje se na odnose među organizmima. Koristi različite metode za izračunavanje razlika u genetskom materijalu vrsta, a zatim ih vizualizira u obliku filogenetskih stabala. U ovom radu implementirala sam dvije metode koje koriste udaljenosti sekvenci aminokiselina različitih podtipova HIV virusa za konstruiranje filogenetskog stabla: UPGMA i Metodu povezivanja susjeda. Udaljenost dviju sekvenci izračunata je primjenom Jukes-Cantorovog korekcijskog modela na broj vidljivih razlika. Stabla se vizualiziraju jednostavnom manipulacijom i ispisom znakova koji predstavljaju čvorove i grane. Na kraju uspoređujem svoju vizualizaciju s onom iz Biopython modula. The origin and relations between species have been studied for centuries. With the passage of time, many new technologies have emerged dragging along new fields of studies. One of those fields is bioinformatics, a discipline concerned with collecting and analyzing biological data. A subfield of bioinformatics called phylogeny focuses on relations between organisms. It uses different methods for calculating differences in the genetic material of species and then visualizes them in the form of phylogenetic trees. In this paper I have implemented two methods that use the distances of amino acid sequences of different HIV virus subtypes to construct a phylogenetic tree: UPGMA and Neighbor-Joining method. The distance of two sequences is calculated by applying Jukes-Cantor's correction model to the number of visible differences. Trees are visualized by simple manipulation and printing of characters that represent nodes and branches. In the end I compare my visualization to that of Biopython module.
- Published
- 2023
7. Methionine and Glycine Stabilize Mitochondrial Activity in Sake Yeast During Ethanol Fermentation.
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Ferdouse, Jannatul, Yuki Kusaba, Yuki Fujimaru, Yuki Yamamoto, and Hiroshi Kitagaki
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METHIONINE ,FERMENTATION ,GLYCINE ,RICE wines ,YEAST ,AMINO acids ,REACTIVE oxygen species - Abstract
Copyright of Food Technology & Biotechnology is the property of Food Technology & Biotechnology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Amino Acids Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Mushrooms from Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Salihović, M., Šapčanin, A., Pehlić, E., Uzunović, A., Špirtović-Halilović, S., and Huremović, M.
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AMINO acids , *PLEUROTUS ostreatus , *MUSHROOMS , *TRYPTOPHAN , *CULTIVATED mushroom , *GALLIC acid - Abstract
Many studies highlight the health benefits of mushrooms, which are consequently becoming more and more interesting for researchers. The content of amino acids (AA), total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidative activity (AAc) were determined in wild as well as cultivated mushrooms. The AA included: L-tryptophan (Trp), L-arginine (Arg), L-cysteine (Cys), L-methionine (Met), L-alanine (Ala), L-phenylalanine (Phe), L-lysine (Lys), L-valine (Val), L-glycine (Gly), and L-leucine (Leu). The wild mushrooms: Lactarius piperatus, Amanita caesarea, Lactarius deliciosus, Lycoperdon pyriforme, Macrolepiota procera, and cultivated mushrooms: Agaricus bisporus, Boletus aestivalis, Cantharellus cibarius, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Agaricus bisporus var. avellaneus were investigated in this study. The AA was determined by HPTLC method and quantified with a Camag TLC scanner and WINCAT software by scanning the plates at 540 nm. The TPC was spectrophotometrically estimated as gallic acid equivalents/ g of fresh weight according to Folin-Ciocalteu's method. The radical scavenging activity (RSA) of mushroom extracts was determined by DPPH assay. The highest content of Ala, Gly, Phe, Lys, Val, and Leu was found in Pleurotus ostreatus. The total phenolic content (mg GAE/g) in investigated mushrooms ranged from 1.90 to 35.56, and the % RSA ranged from 43.88 to 90.17. This study promotes the consumption of food rich in bioactive compounds, mushrooms being among such food. Further research on mushrooms from Bosnia and Herzegovina and their benefits in the overall maintenance of human health and protection from age-related diseases is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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- View/download PDF
9. Nutritive value of Serbian camelina genotypes as an alternative feed ingredient
- Author
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Petar Ilić, Slađana Rakita, Nedeljka Spasevski, Olivera Đuragić, Ana Marjanović-Jeromela, Sandra Cvejić, Federica Zanetti, Ilić, Petar, Rakita, Slađana, Spasevski, Nedeljka, Đuragić, Olivera, Marjanović-Jeromela, Ana, Cvejić, Sandra, and Zanetti, Federica
- Subjects
oilseed ,amino acids ,izvori proteina ,aminokiseline ,ω-3 fatty acids ,ishrana životinja ,o-3 fatty acids ,tokoferoli ,ω-3 masne kiseline ,animal nutrition ,uljarice ,oilseed, animal nutrition, protein source, ω-3 fatty acids, amino acids, tocopherols ,protein source ,tocopherols - Abstract
Camelina has been used from ancient times, but recently has re-emerged as a valuable plant with the potential for successful replacement of conventional oilseed crops. The utilisation of camelina and its by-products in animal feed is a matter of scientific study due to their excellent nutritional potential. The present study aimed to investigate the nutritive value of two Serbian camelina seed genotypes (NS Zlatka and NS Slatka) as a potential alternative to commonly used oilseed crops in animal feeding. For that purpose proximate composition, fatty acid profile, amino acid profile and tocopherols were analysed. The study also included the investigation of the content of anti-nutritive compounds that can adversely affect the nutritional value of feed. The results showed that camelina seeds had a high amount of proteins (around 28%), amino acids and γ- tocopherols. Camelina genotypes were characterized by unique fatty acids composition, with its oil consisting of approximately 57% polyunsaturated fatty acids, of which the highest proportions were α-linolenic acid (~37%) and linoleic acid (~17%). An optimal ratio of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (0.5) was also reported in this study. The concentration of anti-nutritional factors and heavy metals in camelina seeds was below the maximum set limit for feedstuff. To conclude, the investigated Serbian camelina genotypes can be used as a valuable source of proteins, essential fatty acids and tocopherols in animal nutrition and has a great potential to replace conventional oilseeds Lanik se gaji još od davnina, ali u poslednje vreme ponovo postaje predmet interesovanja zbog svog potencijala da zameni konvencionalne uljarice. Usled izvrsnog nutritivnog potencijala, iskorišćenje lanika i njegovih sporednih proizvoda prerade u hrani za životinje predstavlja predmet naučnih studija. Cilj ovog istraživanja bilo je ispitivanje nutritivne vrednosti semena dva srpska genotipa lanika (NS Zlatka i NS Slatka) kao potencijalne zamene uobičajeno korišćenih uljarica u ishrani životinja. U tu svrhu, rađene su analize hemijskog sastava, određivan je masnokiselinski i aminokiselinski profil kao i sadržaj tokoferola. Takođe, određivan je i sadržaj antinutritivnih materija koje mogu da umanje kvalitet hrane za životinje. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da seme lanika sadrži značajnu količinu proteina (oko 28%), aminokiselina i γ-tokoferola. Pokazano je da ispitivani genotipovi lanika poseduju karakterističan masnokiselinski sastav, pri čemu je ulje sadržalo oko 57% polinezasićenih masnih kiselina od kojih su najzastupljenije bile αlinolenska (~37%) i linolna (~17%) kiselina. Takođe je utvrđen i optimalni odnos n-6 i n3 masnih kiselina (0.5). Sadržaj antinutritivnih materija i teških metala u semenu lanika bio je ispod maksimalne dozvoljene granice za hranu za životinje. Zaključak ovog istraživanja je da se ispitani srpski genotipovi lanika mogu koristiti kao vredan izvor proteina, esencijalnih masnih kiselina i tokoferola u ishrani životinja, kao i da poseduju potencijal da postanu zamena konvencionalnih uljarica.
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- 2022
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10. Mechanochemical synthesis of coordination compounds of copper(II) with amino acids containing aliphatic side chains
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Laća, Katarina and Đilović, Ivica
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L-valine ,L-leucin ,L-isoleucine ,aminokiseline ,bakar(II) ,L-izoleucin ,mechanochemical synthesis ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Kemija ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Chemistry ,L-alanin ,mehanokemijski postupci sinteze ,L-prolin ,L-alanine ,copper(II) ,L-leucine ,L-proline ,L-valin - Abstract
U sklopu diplomskog rada ispitani su mehanokemijski postupci sinteze koordinacijskih spojeva bakra(II) i aminokiselina s alifatskim bočnim ograncima. Koristeći LAG metodu, odnosno otapalom potpomognuto mljevenje, uspješno su pripravljeni koordinacijski spojevi Cu(L-Ala)2, Cu(L-Leu)2, Cu(L-Ile)2, Cu(L-Val)2, Cu(L-Pro)2 i ternarni spojevi Cu(L-Ala)(L-Ile) i Cu(L-Ala)( L-Val). Prilikom sinteza ternarnih spojeva, u 8 od 10 sinteza su dobiveni koordinacijski spojevi bakra s istovrsnim aminokiselinama, što ukazuje na selektivnost Cu(II) iona prema aminokiselinama, koja prati sljedeći trend: L-Leu ≈ L-Pro > L-Ile ≈ L-Val > L-Ala. Produkti su karakterizirani koristeći spektroskopiju IR (tehnika ATR) i rendgensku difrakciju u polikristalnom uzorku. Produkti trans-Cu(L-Val)2 i cis-Cu(L-Ile)2(H2O) su karakterizirani i rendgenskom difrakcijom na monokristalnom uzorku te su određene molekulske i kristalne strukture. U slučaju trans-bis(L-valinato)bakra(II), metalni centar ima oktaedarsku koordinaciju uz deformaciju geometrije što je posljedica Jahn-Tellerovog efekta. Kod cisbis(L-izoleucinato)bakra(II) je metalni centar pentakoordiniran te je geometrija kvadratno piramidalna. This diploma thesis presents an investigation of mechanochemical synthesis of coordination compounds of copper(II) and amino acids containing aliphatic side chains. Using the LAG method (liquid assisted grinding), the following compounds were successfully obtained: Cu(L-Ala)2, Cu(L-Leu)2, Cu(L-Ile)2, Cu(L-Val)2, Cu(L-Pro)2, Cu(L-Ala)( L-Ile) and Cu(L-Ala)(L-Val). When trying the synthesis of ternary compounds, coordination compounds of copper with identical amino acids were obtained in 8 out of 10 syntheses, which indicates the selectivity of Cu(II) ions towards amino acids, which follows the trend: L-Leu ≈ L-Pro > L-Ile ≈ L-Val > L-Ala. Obtained complexes were identified using IR spectroscopy (ATR technique) and powder X-ray diffraction. Molecular and crystal structures of trans-Cu(L-Val)2 and cis-Cu(L-Ile)2(H2O) were deermined using single crystal X-ray diffraction. Jahn-Teller effect was noticed as the geometry of copper ion in trans-Cu(L-Val)2 is distorted octahedral, whereas in the case of cis-Cu(L-Ile)2(H2O) the copper ion is pentacoordinated and the geometry is square pyramidal.
- Published
- 2023
11. Protein motifs and classification into protein families
- Author
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Horvat, Dolores and Goldstein, Pavle
- Subjects
biljni proteomi ,amino acids ,aminokiseline ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Matematika ,VQ protein family ,plant proteomes ,VQ proteinska familija ,motive scanners ,numerical vectors ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Mathematics ,pretraživača motiva ,numerički vektori - Abstract
Ovaj diplomski rad proučava problem klasifikacije proteina u proteinske familije. Proteini se klasificiraju identifikacijom kratkog niza aminokiselina kojeg sadrže, a zovemo ga motivom. Motiv je ostao djelomično očuvan u evoluciji te se može povezati s prepoznatljivim dijelom u strukturi proteina koji izvršava određenu funkciju.Za razliku od tipičnih pretraživača motiva koji promatraju sličnost potencijalnih motiva sa zadanim motivom, u ovom radu se opisuje i testira metoda koja promatra njihovu međusobnu sličnost. Metoda je zamišljena da djeluje u kombinaciji s nekim pretraživačem motiva pružajući mu tako svoj pristup u traženju odgovora. Uz pomoć opisa aminokiselina numeričkim vektorima, problem se smješta u euklidski prostor gdje se umjesto sličnosti promatra udaljenost. Pretpostavka je da se motivi, pronađeni u proteinima koji biološki pripadaju promatranoj familiji, grupiraju. Cilj metode pronaći je optimalnu kuglu koja će obuhvatiti što veći broj pravih odgovora uz što manje pogrešnih. Metoda je testirana na dvanaest biljnih proteoma u čijim proteinima se tražilo karakteristične motive VQ proteinske familije. U većini slučajeva, metoda se pokazala uspješnom što je ujedno i potvrdilo pretpostavku o grupiranju This thesis studies the protein family classification problem. Proteins are classified by identifying a short amino acids sequence contained within them. This short sequence is called a motif. During evolution, the motif has remained partly conserved and can be associated with the recognizable part of the protein structure that performs a distinct function. Unlike typical motif scanners that observe the similarity of potential motifs with a given motif, this thesis describes and tests the method that considers pairwise similarity. The method works in combination with another motif scanner by providing additional criteria for motif identification. By describing amino acids using numerical vectors the problem is placed in Euclidean space where distance is considered instead of similarity. The assumption is that the motifs, found in proteins that belong biologically to the observed family, will group. The goal of this method is to find the optimal ball that will contain as many correct hits and as few wrong ones as possible. The method was tested on twelve plant proteomes whose proteins were searched for containing characteristic motifs of the VQ protein family. In most of the cases, the method proved to be successful which in turn confirmed true positives clustering assumption.
- Published
- 2023
12. Collagen and the influence of its peptides on skin structure
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Župić, Sara, Soldo, Barbara, Vladušić, Roko, and Šprung, Matilda
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collagen ,amino acids ,aminokiseline ,fibroblasts ,hydrolyzed collagen ,kolagen ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Kemija ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Chemistry ,skin structure ,struktura kože ,hidrolizirani kolagen ,fibroblasti - Abstract
Kolagen je najprisutniji protein u čovjekovu tijelu. Ima strukturu trostruke zavojnice i određeni sadržaj aminokiselina. Stanicama daje čvrstoću i potporu zbog stabiliziranosti unutarmolekulskim interakcijama. Sintetiziraju ga fibroblasti. Fibroblasti sintetiziraju i druge komponente izvanstaničnog matriksa. Tijekom godina, zbog nakupljanja oštećenih i pogrešno strukturiranih proteina, koža gubi svoja svojstva te se različitim metodama pokušava taj proces usporiti. Najznačajnija je primjena peptida kolagena koji nastaju djelovanjem enzima na denaturirani kolagen koji zbog svojih svojstava potiču stvaranje kolagenih vlakana, potiču sintezu hijaluronske kiseline i diobu stanica fibroblasta., Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body. It has a structure of triple helix and a specific content of amino acids. It gives strength and support to cells as it is stabilized by intramolecular interactions. It is synthesized by fibroblasts. Fibroblasts also synthesize other components of the extracellular matrix. Over the years, the skin loses its properties due to the accumulation of damaged and misstructured proteins, and various methods are used to slow down this process. The most important method is the application of collagen peptides, which are produced by the action of enzymes on denatured collagen and due to their properties stimulate the formation of collagen fibers, the synthesis of hylauronic acid and the division of fibroblast cells.
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- 2023
13. Utjecaj nukleotida, sojinog proteina i pojedinačnih aminokiselina u starter smjesi na eksterijerne odlike teladi
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Steiner, Zvonimir, Benak, Stipo, Babić, Ivan, Novoselec, Josip, Klir Šalavardić, Željka, Prakatur, Ivana, Ronta, Mario, Antunović, Zvonko, and Janječić, Zlatko
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telad ,sojin protein ,nukleotidi ,aminokiseline ,tjelesne mjere - Abstract
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je usporediti učinak dodavanja sojinog proteina, nukleotida te pojedinačnih aminokiselina u starter smjesu za telad na eksterijerne odlike i tjelesnu masu teladi. Pokus je proveden na 20 životinja ravnomjerno raspoređenih u dvije skupine, kontrolnu (K) i pokusnu (P) pri čemu je u svakoj skupini bio ujednačen omjer muške i ženske teladi. Istraživanje je trajalo od teljenja do prosječne starosne dobi od 91 dana. Praćenje tjelesnih mjera izvršeno je u četiri navrata uz pomoć Lydtinova štapa i mjerne vrpce. Mjerenje i vaganje provedeno je sa 6, 24, 50 i 91 dan prosječne starosti. Određivani su slijedeći pokazatelji: tjelesna masa, visina grebena, visina križa, duljina trupa, širina zdjelice, dubina prsa, širina prsa, opseg prsa, opseg trupa te dužina buta. Na temelju dobivenih vrijednosti tjelesnih mjera izračunati su indeksi anamorfoznosti i tjelesne kompaktnosti. Telad se napajala svježim nepasteriziranim punomasnim mlijekom u dva obroka dnevno, 3 L ujutro i 3 L navečer. Čvrsta hrana u obliku peletirane starter smjese i voda ponuđeni su ad libitum od četvrtog dana starosti do prosječne starosti od 63 dana. U starter smjesu pokusne skupine dodani su nukleotidi kvasaca, sojin proteinski koncentrat te dvije limitirajuće aminokiseline – metionin i lizin. Nakon toga, telad se hranila jednom dnevno s prijelaznim obrokom kroz 3 dana. Telad iz obje skupine je do 91. dana starosti hranjena jednom dnevno obrokom u obliku TMR-a. Ukupna ponuđena količina obroka bila je 4, 1 kg ST/ tele/ dan. Od dobivenih rezultata statistički značajne razlika dobivena je za dužinu buta (P
- Published
- 2023
14. Investigation of intermolecular interactions in cocrystals of selected amino acids with 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid
- Author
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Lacković, Tereza, Đilović, Ivica, and Smokrović, Kristina
- Subjects
6-trijodizoftalna kiselina ,međumolekulske interakcije ,amino acids ,aminokiseline ,intermolecular interactions ,5-amino-2 ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Kemija ,diffraction methods ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Chemistry ,proteinska kristalografija ,6-triiodoisophtalic acid ,difrakcijske metode ,protein crystallography - Abstract
U proteinskoj kristalografiji se za rješavanje faznog problema koriste brojne metode. Jedna od najčešće korištenih metoda za određivanje strukture novih proteina jest metoda izomorfne zamjene. Za to je potrebno, uz kristale nativnog proteina, prirediti derivate koji posjeduju atome koji značajnije anomalno raspršuju zračenje. Najčešće su to bili ioni teških metala (poput, Hg2+ , PtCl4 2−), a u novije se vrijeme sve uspješnije koriste organske molekule koje posjeduju više atoma halogenih elemenata. Međutim, dosad nije napravljeno istraživanje kojim bi se specifično istražile interakcije standardnih aminokiselina s takvim organskim molekulama. U sklopu ovog rada, kao predstavnik nove klase spojeva odabrana je 5-amino-2,4,6- trijodizoftalna kiselina (I3C). U brojim postupcima sinteze priređeni su novi spojevi spomenute kiseline sa standardnim aminokiselinama, a jedino je kokristalu I3C i L-histidina određena kristalna i molekulska struktura. Ostali produkti odabranih aminokiselina i I3C karakterizirani su infracrvenom spektroskopijom i rendgenskom difrakcijom na polikristalnom uzorku. Također, dobiven je novi solvat I3C kojemu je određena molekulska i kristalna struktura. In protein crystallography, numerous methods are used to solve the phase problem. One of the most commonly used methods is the isomorphous replacement method. For this, it is necessary, along with crystals of the native protein, to prepare derivatives that possess atoms that significantly scatter radiation (anomalously). Most often, these were heavy metal ions (such as Hg2+, PtCl4 2−), and recently, organic molecules possessing more atoms of halogen elements have been used successfully. However, no systematic research has been done to investigate the interactions of standard amino acids with such organic molecules. As part of this work, 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodisophthalic acid (I3C) was selected as a representative of a new class of compounds. In numerous synthesis procedures, new compounds of I3C with standard amino acids were prepared, and only the crystal and molecular structure of the cocrystal of I3C and L-histidine was determined. Other products of selected amino acids and I3C were characterized by IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction on a polycrystalline sample. Also, a new solvate I3C was obtained, the molecular and crystal structure of which was determined.
- Published
- 2022
15. Alternative genetic code
- Author
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Lukić, Kristina and Malenica, Nenad
- Subjects
rekodiranje ,amino acids ,recoding ,genetic code expansion ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Biologija ,aminokiseline ,sintetska biologija. protein ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Biology ,synthetic biology ,proširenje genetičkog koda ,protein ,sintetski organizam ,synthetic organism - Abstract
Standardni genetički kod čini gotovo univerzalan set pravila kojim se nukleotidna sekvenca prevodi u 20 prirodnih aminokiselina koje grade proteine. Međutim, u prirodi postoji velik broj aminokiselina koje nisu proteinogene i koje bi, ukoliko se pronađe način njihove ugradnje, proteinima mogle dati brojna nova svojstva i funkcije. Napredak u znanosti i razvoj sintetske biologije i ksenobiologije omogućio je „rekodiranje“ i razvoj polusintetskih i sintetskih organizama s izmijenjenim, tzv. alternativnim genetičkim kodom. Znanstvenici su pri tome koristili različite metode i modele poput supresorskih tRNA, sintetskih parova baza, kvadripleta umjesto tripleta nukleotida, mutiranih ribosoma itd. Danas se većina ovakvih istraživanja bavi time kako proširenje genetičkog koda i proteini s novim svojstvima utječu na procese poput transkripcije, translacije i post-transkripcijske modifikacije proteina te potencijalnoj primjeni takvih organizama u genetičkom inženjerstvu, biotehnologiji i medicini. U ovom završnom radu prikazan je kratak pregled metoda koje su znanstvenici koristili kod proširenja genetičkog koda, opisani organizmi koji su dosad rekodirani i njihova potencijalna primjena u znanosti i biotehnologiji. The standard genetic code forms a nearly universal set of rules that translate the nucleotide sequence into the 20 naturally occurring amino acids that build proteins. However, in nature, there is a large number of amino acids that are not proteinogenic, and, if a way of incorporating them is found, it could give proteins numerous new characteristics and functions. Advances in science and the development of synthetic biology and xenobiology enabled the "recoding" and development of semi-synthetic and synthetic organisms with altered or alternative genetic code. For that scientists have used various methods and models such as suppressor tRNAs, synthetic base pairs, quadruplets instead of nucleotide triplets, mutated ribosomes, etc. Today, most research is based on how the expansion of the genetic code and proteins with new properties affect processes such as transcription, translation, and post-transcriptional modifications of proteins and the potential application of such organisms in genetic engineering, biotechnology, and medicine. This bachelor thesis presents a brief overview of the methods used by scientists to expand the genetic code, description of the organisms that have been recoded so far, and their potential application in science and biotechnology.
- Published
- 2022
16. Uloga reaktivnosti u čvrstom stanju u prebiotičkom odabiru nukleobaza i stvaranju peptida
- Author
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Stolar, Tomislav and Užarević, Krunoslav
- Subjects
amino acids ,prebiotic chemistry ,aminokiseline ,čvrsto stanje ,molekulsko prepoznavanje ,prebiotička kemija ,mehanokemija ,peptidi ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Kemija ,nucleobases ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Chemistry ,nukleobaze ,peptides ,udc:54(043.3) ,molecular recognition ,mechanochemistry ,Kemija. Kristalografija. Mineralogija ,solid-state reactivity ,Chemistry. Crystallography. Mineralogy - Abstract
Within this thesis, solid-state reaction medium and mechanochemical methodologies were explored to unveil weather nucleobases can self-assemble and amino acids can oligomerize under these conditions. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that 2,6-diaminopurine (D) selectively self-assembles with uracil (U) and thymine (T), while adenine (A) self-assembles with hypoxanthine (H). Crystal structures of D-U cocrystal hydrate, D-T cocrystal hydrate, D-T cocrystal anhydrate, A-H cocrystal hydrate, and A-H cocrystal anhydrate were determined from powder X-ray diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Ion-pairing high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis showed that glycine and alanine undergo oligomerization by mechanical activation. Based on the results, it can be concluded that minerals as additives, time, mechanical loading, and temperature are all important parameters for the mechanochemical prebiotic peptide synthesis. In summary, solid-state reactivity of nucleobases and amino acids might have been an important factor in their prebiotic chemical evolution. U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji koristili smo čvrsto stanje kao reakcijski medij i mehanokemijske metodologije da bismo istražili dolazi li do prepoznavanja nukleobaza i oligomerizacije aminokiselina u tim uvjetima. Analiza difrakcijom rentgenskog zračenja i diferencijalnom pretražnom kalorimetrijom pokazala je selektivno molekulsko prepoznavanje 2,6- diaminopurina (D) s uracilom (U) i timinom (T), kao i adenina (A) s hipoksantinom (H). Riješene su kristalne strukture D-U kokristalnog hidrata, D-T kokristalnog hidrata, D-T kokristalnog anhidrata, A-H kokristalnog hidrata te A-H kokristalnog anhidrata iz podataka difrakcije rentgenskog zračenja. Analiza tekućinskom kromatografijom visoke djelotvornosti i spektrometrijom mase pokazala je da glicin i alanin oligomeriziraju u peptide uslijed mehanokemijske aktivacije. Rezultati su pokazali da su minerali kao aditivi, vrijeme, prenošenje mehaničke energije, i temperatura ključni parametri za mehanokemijsku prebiotičku sintezu peptida. Zaključeno je da je reaktivnost nukleobaza i aminokiselina u čvrstom stanju mogla biti važan faktor u njihovoj prebiotičkoj kemijskoj evoluciji.
- Published
- 2022
17. Changes in chemical composition during the smoked dry-cured ham processing
- Author
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Vlašić, Antonia and Marušić Radovčić, Nives
- Subjects
fizikalno-kemijski parametri ,amino acids ,aminokiseline ,dimljeni pršut ,physicochemical parameters ,BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Prehrambena tehnologija ,BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES. Food Technology ,smoked dry-cured ham ,proces proizvodnje ,production process - Abstract
Cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti promjene u kemijskom sastavu u mišiću biceps femoris tijekom pet faza proizvodnje dimljenog pršuta. Određivan je udio vode, masti, proteina, pepela, NaCl te koncentracija aminokiselina i dipeptida karnozina i anserina. Udio vode tijekom proizvodnje smanjio se sa 74,8 % na 56,8 %, a gubitak vode je bio najintenzivniji za vrijeme sušenja i zrenja. Sadržaj masti u sirovom butu iznosio je 5,5 % te se nakon zrenja povećao na 12,5 %, dok se udio proteina tijekom proizvodnje smanjio sa 88,2 % na 69,2 %. Značajniji porast udjela soli bio je nakon dimljenja te se postepeno povećavao sve do 17,6 % nakon zrenja. S obzirom da udio pepela ovisi o NaCl, tako se i njegov sadržaj povećavao u skladu sa udjelom soli te je porastao sa 4,4 % na 19,3 %. Tijekom procesa proizvodnje dimljenog pršuta došlo je do porasta količine svih slobodnih aminokiselina zahvaljujući intenzivnoj proteolizi. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in chemical composition in the biceps femoris muscle during the five stages of smoked dry-cured ham production. The content of water, fat, protein, ash, NaCl and the content of amino acids and dipeptides carnosine and anserine were determined. Water content during production decreased from 74.8 % to 56.8 %, and water loss was most intense during drying and ripening. The fat content in raw ham was 5.5 % and increased to 12.5 % after ripening, while the protein content during production decreased from 88.2 % to 69.2 %. Significant increase of salt content occurred after the smoking phase and gradually increased to 17.6 %. Since the ash content depends on NaCl, its content increased in accordance with the salt content and increased from 4.4 % to 19.3 %. During the process of production of smoked dry-cured ham there was an increase in the amount of all free amino acids due to intensive proteolysis.
- Published
- 2022
18. Priprema i modifikacija ugljikovih kvantnih točaka iz limunske kiseline: Primjena u detekciji metalnih iona
- Author
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Janđel, Kristina
- Subjects
ugljikove kvantne točke ,sinteza ugljikovih kvantnih točaka ,aminokiseline ,limunska kiselina ,detekcija metalnih iona - Abstract
Ugljikove kvantne točke (CQD) inovativna su i efektivna forma fotoluminiscentnih ugljičnih nanomaterijala. Njihova kemijska stabilnost, niska toksičnost, biokompatibilnost, topljivost i fotoluminiscencija predstavljaju veliki potencijal primjene u biomedicinskim istraživanjima i nanotehnologiji. CQD su veličine obično do 10 nm i sastoje se od ugljične jezgre sa sp3 hibridiziranim i nešto manje sp2 hibridiziranim ugljikovim atomima, ali s obzirom na stajanje i skladištenje mogu biti veličine do 60 nm. Prednost CQD je sposobnost dopiranja heteroatomima u strukturu ili dodatkom funkcionalnih grupa na površinu, kako bi se povećalo kvantno iskorištenje (QY) i sposobnost interakcija s drugim biološkim materijalima. CQD se stoga mogu koristiti u detektiranju različitih kemijskih specija, pa tako i metalnih iona i biomolekula. Postoje dva pristupa sinteze CQD ; „top - down“ i „bottom - up“. Glavna prednost „bottom – up“ pristupa jest namještanje optimalnih uvjeta sinteze i biranje optimalnih kemijskih prekursora, ovisno o željenoj primjeni. Tako su u ovom radu sintetizirane CQD iz limunske kiseline i aminokiselina ; Leucin (Leu), Triptofan (Trp), Arginin (Arg), Alanin (Ala) i Histidin (His) kao izvor dušika. U usporedbi s blank uzorkom, N – dopirane CQD pokazale su znatno viši QY pa je tako uzorak CQD@Leu pokazao selektivan odziv na Fe3+ ione u probama gdje se gledalo smanjenje intenziteta fotoluminiscencije. Dobiveni rezultati su pokazali potencijalnu primjenu CQD u detekciji metalnih iona, u poljima biomedicine, analitičke kemije i okolišu.
- Published
- 2022
19. Aminokiselinski profil medljikovaca određen metodom tekućinske kromatografije uz fluorescencijski detektor
- Author
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Tuček, Anita, Flanjak, Ivana, and Bilić Rajs, Blanka
- Subjects
botaničko podrijetlo ,botanical origin ,aminokiseline ,med ,BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Prehrambena tehnologija ,honey ,BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES. Food Technology ,HPLC ,medljikovac ,honeydew honey ,amino acid - Abstract
Medljikovac proizvode pčele od slatkog soka (medne rose ili medljike) kojeg luče biljke ili različite vrste insekata koji žive na bjelogoričnom i crnogoričnom drveću. Imajući u vidu da kemijski sastav meda prvenstveno ovisi o podrijetlu medljike/nektara, u ovom diplomskom radu određen je aminokiselinski sastav medljikovaca kako bi se utvrdile eventualne specifičnosti u udjelima pojedinih aminokiselina ovisno o podrijetlu. Za potrebe dokazivanja botaničkog podrijetla provedena je melisopalinološka i senzorska analiza, a određeni su i odabrani fizikalno-kemijski parametri kvalitete. Od 13 analiziranih uzoraka, 7 medljlikovaca je podrijetlom od medljike sa crnognoričnog drveća ili ona prevladava u uzorcima, a 6 uzoraka je podrijetlom od medljke sa bjelogorice. Za određivanje aminokiselina korištena je HPLC metoda uz prethodnu derivatizaciju sa o-ftaldialdehidom (OPA) i 9-fluorenilmetil kloroformatom (FMOC-Cl). Najzastupljenije aminokiseline u medljikovcima su: prolin, fenilalanin, asparaginska kiselina, glutaminska kiselina i cistein. Najmanje zastupljene su histidin, lizin, metionin, triptofan i leucin. Uočava se veći ukupni udio aminokiselina u medljikovcima od bjelogorične medljike u odnosu na medljikovce od crnogorične medljike. Po ukupnim aminokiselinama izdvaja se medljikovac hrasta sladuna sa 734,70 mg/kg dok je ukupni udio aminokiselina u ostalim ispitivanim uzorcima iznosio 114,57 – 378,08 mg/kg. Honeydew honey is produced by the honey bees from sweet sap (honeydew) secreted by plants or different types of insects that live on latifoliae and coniferous trees. Specific types of honeydew can be produced without the participation of insects. Bearing in mind that the chemical composition of honey primarily depends on the origin of honeydew/nectar, the aim of this study was to determine the amino acid composition of honeydew in order to determine possible specificities in the proportions of individual amino acids depending on the origin of the honeydew. For the purposes of determination of the botanical origin, a melissopalynological and sensory analysis was carried out, and selected physico-chemical quality parameters were determined. Out of 13 analysed samples, 7 honeydews originate from honeydew from coniferous trees or it predominates in the samples, and 6 samples originate from honeydew from latifoliae trees. The HPLC method with prior derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) and 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl) was used for the determination of amino acids. The most abundant amino acids in honeydew are proline, phenylalanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and cysteine. The least represented are histidine, lysine, methionine, tryptophan and leucine. A higher total proportion of amino acids is observed in honeydews from latifoliae honeydew compared to honeydews from coniferous honeydew. In terms of total amino acids, the Quercus frainetto honeydew honey stands out with 734.70 mg/kg, while the total amino acids content in the other tested samples was 114.57 - 378.08 mg/kg.
- Published
- 2022
20. Poremećaji u metabolizmu aminokiselina
- Author
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Hamzić, Arijana
- Subjects
aminokiseline ,poremećaji ,katabolizam ,biosinteza ,bolesti - Abstract
Aminokiseline su osnovne građevne jedinice proteina. Građene su od središnjegugljikovog atoma na kojeg su vezane četiri skupine, amino-skupina, vodikov atom, karboksilna-skupina i bočni ogranak koji čini svaku aminokiselinu jedinstvenom po svojoj strukturi. Svakodnevno organizam razgrađuje i sintetizira aminokiseline stoga u njihovom metabolizmu može doći do pogrešaka koje dovode do raznih poremećaja. Najčešća pogreška koja dovodi do razvitka poremećaja je nedostatak bitnih enzima koji prevode aminokiseline iz jedne u drugu. Zbog toga u organizmu dolazi do nakupljanja štetnih međuprodukata u krvi ili urinu i zbog kojih dolazi do razvitka raznih bolesti. Najčešći poremećaj u metabolizmu aminokiselina je fenilketonurija do koje dolazi zbog nedostatka enzima koji katalizira pretvorbu fenilalanina u tirozin, a karakteriziraju ju ponajviše poteškoće u mentalnom razvoju. Uz fenilketonuriju u poremećaje metabolizma aminokiselina ubrajaju se i bolest urina mirisa javorovog sirupa, homocistinurija, tirozinemija, neketotička hiperglicinemija, te poremećaji u ciklusu uree koji su jednako učestali ali i opasni.
- Published
- 2022
21. Aminokiselinski sastav i botaničko podrijetlo meda
- Author
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Zdjelarević, Ivan and Bilić Rajs, Blanka
- Subjects
botaničko podrijetlo ,amino acids ,analytical methods ,botanical origin ,aminokiseline ,med ,analitičke metode ,BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Prehrambena tehnologija ,honey ,BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES. Food Technology - Abstract
Med je prirodni proizvod kojeg proizvode pčele, dobiven iz nektara biljaka ili medne rose. Kemijski sastav meda sastoji se uglavnom od ugljikohidrata, vode, proteina, aminokiselina, organskih kiselina, enzima i vitamina. Aminokiseline i proteini koji se nalaze u medu potječu od biljnog i životinjskog podrijetla. Udio aminokiselina je vrlo mali te iznosi do 0,3 % (w/w). Najzastupljenija aminokiselina u medu je prolin, a mnogi znanstveni radovi su potvrdili njegovu povezanost sa botaničkim podrijetlom meda. Aminokiselinski sastav možemo odrediti s različitim analitičkim metodama kao npr. plinskom kromatografijom (GC), kapilarnom elektroforezom (CE) te visokotlačnom tekućinskom kromatografijom (HPLC). Honey is a natural product produced by the bees from the plant nectar of honeydew. The chemical composition mainly contains carbohydrates, protein, water, amino acids, organic acids, enzymes and vitamins. Proteins and amino acids found in honey come from plant and animal origin. The proportion of amino acids is very low and amounts up to 0.3% (w/w). The most abundant amino acid in honey is proline, and many scientific works have confirmed its connection with the botanical origin of honey. The amino acid composition can be determined with different analytical methods, such as gas chromatography (GC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
- Published
- 2022
22. On the substrate specificity mechanisms of the synthetic and editing sites of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase
- Author
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Živković, Igor and Gruić-Sovulj, Ita
- Subjects
isoleucly-tRNA synthetase ,negativna selekcija ,amino acids ,aminokiseline ,sintetsko mjesto ,izoleucil-tRNA-sintetaza ,synthetic site ,negative selection ,corrective site ,korektivno mjesto ,enzyme specificty ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Kemija ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Chemistry ,in trans popravak ,in trans editing ,udc:54(043.3) ,Kemija. Kristalografija. Mineralogija ,enzimska specifičnost ,Chemistry. Crystallography. Mineralogy - Abstract
Izoleucil-tRNA-sintetaza (IleRS) u sintetskom mjestu katalizira nastajanje Ile-tRNAIle za biosintezu proteina. IleRS može pogrešno aminoacilirati i strukturno, odnosno kemijski, slične nepripadne aminokiseline poput valina i norvalina što je toksično za stanicu. Kako bi popravila vlastitu pogrešku, IleRS hidrolizira misaminoaciliranu tRNAIle u zasebnom, korektivnom mjestu. U sklopu ove disertacije različitim kinetičkim metodama, uz široki spektar nepripadnih aminokiselina, istražena je enzimska specifičnost sintetskog i korektivnog mjesta IleRS. Sintetsko mjesto je uspješno diskriminiralo većinu testiranih aminokiselina u skladu s njegovom visokom specifičnošću. No, iako je frekvencija nastajanja misaminoaciliranih tRNA uz testirane aminokiseline bila izuzetno mala, sve misaminoacilirane tRNAIle bile su dobri supstrati korektivnog mjesta. Dakle, suprotno od sintetskog, korektivno mjesto pokazuje široku supstratnu specifičnost. Istovremeno, korektivno mjesto pokazuje visoku specifičnost u sprečavanju hidrolize pripadne Ile-tRNAIle, što sugerira da je mehanizam negativne selekcije usmjeravao evoluciju tog mjesta. Dodatna istraživanja su pokazala jedinstvene osobine popravka pogreške kod IleRS u odnosu na njegove najbliže evolucijske srodnike. Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IleRS) whitin its synthetic site pairs isoleucine and tRNAIle for the ribosomal protein syntesis. IleRS can also misaminoacylate tRNAIle with structurally and chemically similar non-cognate valine and norvaline, which is toxic for the cell. To clear the errors, IleRS hydrolyzes misaminoacylated tRNAIles at the dedicated editing site. Here we used a broad spectrum of non-cognate amino acids to explore the mechanisms by which IleRS’ synthetic and editing sites exercise substrate specificity. We found that most of herein tested amino acids were efficiently discriminated at the synthetic site in agrement with its known high specificity. Nevertheless, despite the low misaminocylation frequencies, all misaminocylated tRNAIles were rapidly hydrolyzed at the editing site. Thus, opposite to the synthetic site, the editing site exhibits broad substrate specificity. At the same time, the editing site displays high specificity against the cognate Ile-tRNAIle hydrolysis, indicating that negative selection directed evolution of the editing site.
- Published
- 2021
23. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND AMINO ACID PROFILE OF DIFFERENTLY PROCESSED FEATHER MEAL.
- Author
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Adejumo, Isaac Oluseun, Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun, Ogundipe, Kunle, and Osademe, Sonia Ndudi
- Subjects
FEATHER meal ,AMINO acid content of food ,FOOD composition ,NUTRITIONAL value ,FOOD industrial waste ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Kompleksi bakra(II) s aminokiselinama
- Author
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Hadrović, Lucija and Prugovečki, Biserka
- Subjects
aminokiseline ,bakar ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Kemija ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Chemistry - Abstract
Bakar se pojavljuje u oksidacijskim stanjima od +I do +IV te je jedini element prve prijelazne serije metala d-bloka kojemu je oksidacijsko stanje +I stabilno. Rijetko se pojavljuje kao Cu(III) i Cu(IV), a najstabilniji je Cu(II) ion koji gradi komplekse s raznim ligandima, među ostalim i s aminokiselinama. 20 je standardnih aminokiselina koje grade proteine, a one se razlikuju u bočnom ogranku. Aminokiseline možemo podijeliti prema svojstima bočnog ogranka na nepolarne, alifatske, aromatske, polarne nenabijene, pozitivno nabijene i negativno nabijene. Bakar(II) tvori kompleksne spojeve s gotovo svim standardnim aminokiselinama. Do sada nije određena jedino kristalna struktura bakra(II) s L-cisteinom. U ovom radu ograničili smo se na pregled strukturnih karakteristika koordinacijskih spojeva bakra(II) s odabranim bis(aminokarboksilatima), tj. na komplekse u kojima su na bakar(II) vezane dvije standardne aminokiseline i to najčešće didentatno preko amino- i karboksilatne skupine. U kristalnim strukturama kompleksa bakra(II) s bis(aminokarboksilatima) koordinacijsko okruženje oko bakrovih(II) iona je kvadratnopiramidalno, kvadratno-planarno ili oktaedarsko. Kvadratno-piramidalni koordinacijski spojevi najčešće su cis-izomeri pri čemu su oba aminokarboksilata vezana u ekvatorijalnoj ravnini, dok apikalnu poziciju u većini cis-izomera zauzima molekula vode (rijetko kad karboksilatna skupina susjednog kompleksa ili drugi ion). U kompleksima kvadratno-planarne geometrije oba aminokarboksilata vezana su u ekvatorijalnoj ravnini, i to pretežno u transpoložaju. U kompleksima oktaedarske geometrije u aksijalnim su položajima vezane dvije molekule vode, molekula vode i karboksilatna skupina susjednog kompleksa ili pak dvije karboksilatne skupine iz susjednih kompleksa. U ovom radu pobliže su opisane strukture odabranih kompleksa bakra(II) s bis(aminokarboksilatima): bis(glicinato)bakra(II), bis(L-histidinato)bakra(II), bis(Lizoleucinato)bakra(II) i bis(L-metioninato)bakra(II).
- Published
- 2021
25. Adsorpcija kadmijumovih jona na kaolinitu modifikovanim histidinom i cisteinom
- Author
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S Snežana Nenadović, M Ljiljana Kljajević, Jelena Gulicovski, M Marija Ivanović, V Katarina Trivunac, and N Nataša Mladenović
- Subjects
kadmijum ,cation exchange capacity ,cadmium ,adsorpcija ,Inorganic chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,020101 civil engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,0201 civil engineering ,Ion ,Adsorption ,kaolinit ,Cation-exchange capacity ,Kaolinite ,kapacitet katjonske izmene ,Histidine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,amino acids ,Cadmium ,aminokiseline ,kaolinite ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Amino acid ,chemistry ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,adsorption ,13. Climate action ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,0210 nano-technology ,Cysteine - Abstract
Continuous development of new technologies leads to increasing pollution of water, thus creating the need for new materials that could be used in the processes of its purification. Therefore, adsorbents prepared from agricultural waste, resins, silica gels, zeolites, clays, flying ash, aluminosilicates and other materials are being investigated as potential sorbents. Recently, research has focused on improving the adsorption capacity by modifying the material by binding or impregnating inorganic and organic molecules on the surface. In this paper, the kaolinite modification with amino acids, histidine and cysteine, was performed to improve the efficiency of adsorption of cadmium ion. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of raw and modified kaolinite was determined by titration with methylene blue. The influence of operating parameters, such as adsorption time, pH value of the solution, initial metal concentration and temperature, on the capacity and adsorption efficiency were examined. Better agreement of experimental results with Freundlich's adsorption isotherm and the pseudo-second order kinetics model suggest that the adsorption of cadmium ions on the investigated adsorbents takes place by chemisorption mechanism. The change of Gibbs free energy has a negative value for both adsorbents, which shows that the adsorption process is spontaneous. The efficacy of cadmium removal from the aqueous solution onto histidine-modified kaolinite increased from 78.6% to 91.8%. Kontinualan razvoj novih tehnologija dovodi do povećanog zagađenja vode, čime se stvara potreba za novim materijalima koji se mogu koristiti u procesima prečišćavanja. Kao potencijalni, istražuju se adsorbenti pripremljeni od poljoprivrednog otpada, smola, silika gela, zeolita, gline, letećeg pepela, aluminosilikata i drugih materijala. Nedavna istraživanja su se fokusirala na poboljšanje adsorpcionog kapaciteta modifikovanjem materijala vezivanjem ili impregnacijom neorganskih i organskih molekula na površini. U ovom radu izvršena je modifikacija kaolinita aminokiselinama, histidinom i cisteinom, kako bi se poboljšala efikasnost adsorpcije jona kadmijuma. Kapacitet izmene katjona (CEC) sirovog i modifikovanog kaolinita određen je titracijom sa metilenskim plavim. Ispitivan je uticaj radnih parametara, kao što su vreme adsorpcije, pH vrednost rastvora, početna koncentracija metala, i temperatura, na kapacitet i efikasnost adsorpcije. Bolje slaganje eksperimentalnih rezultata sa Freundlich-ovom adsorpcionom izotermom i kinetičkim modelom pseudo-drugog reda sugeriše da se adsorpcija kadmijumovih jona na ispitivanim adsorbentima odvija putem hemisorpcionog mehanizma. Promena Gibsove slobodne energije ima negativnu vrednost za oba adsorbenta, što pokazuje da je proces adsorpcije spontan. Efikasnost uklanjanja kadmijuma iz vodenog rastvora na kaolinitu modifikovanim histidinom povećava se sa 78,6% na 91,8%.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Determination of amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection
- Author
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Belajević, Marin and Brkljačić, Lidija
- Subjects
aminokiseline ,tekućinska kromatografija ,derivatizacijski reagens ,Amino acids ,High Pressure Liquid Chromatography ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Kemija ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Chemistry ,Derivatization Reagens - Abstract
Metoda tekućinske kromatografije uz detekciju ultraljubičastim zračenjem (HPLC-UV) korištena je za određivanje odabranih aminokiselina u vodenim uzorcima uz derivatizacijski reagens 9-fluorenilmetil-klorformijat (Fmoc-Cl). Sintetizirani su Fmoc-aminokiselinski derivati i okarakterizirani spektroskopskim metodama te korišteni kao analitički standardi. Razvojem metode optimirani su kromatografski uvjeti kojim je postignuta dobra rezolucija i razdvajanje odabranih Fmoc-aminokiselinskih derivata i nusprodukata koji nastaju u derivatizacijskoj reakciji. Istraženi su i optimirani reakcijski uvjeti za osiguravanje ekvimolarnosti derivatizacijske reakcije s obzirom na poznati dodatak pojedine aminokiseline. Kromatografskom HPLC-UV metodom određen je maseni udio glutaminske kiseline (1,2 -13,4 %) u odabranim dodatcima jelima. Liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) was used for the determination of selected amino acids in aqueous samples using 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc-Cl) as a derivatization reagent. Fmoc-amino acid derivatives were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. Formed products were used as analytical standards. Through the development of the HPLC method, the chromatographic conditions were optimized, which led to a fine resolution and separation of the selected Fmoc-amino acid derivatives and by-products formed in the derivatization reaction. The reaction conditions for ensuring the equimolarity of the derivatization reaction were investigated and with respect to the known addition of each amino acid. By the obtained HPLC-UV method, the mass content of glutamic acid (1,2 -13,4%) in some food additives was determined.
- Published
- 2021
27. Fluorescentno obilježavanje aminokiselina u svrhu in situ praćenja bioloških procesa
- Author
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Kaličanec, Mislav and Škalamera, Đani
- Subjects
aminokiseline ,antibiotici ,proteini ,fluorescencija ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Kemija ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Chemistry - Abstract
Proteini imaju temeljnu ulogu u svim metaboličkim procesima. Istraživanje proteinske strukture, funkcije, oblika i enzimskih mehanizama od velikog je značaja za (daljnje) shvaćanje bioloških procesa. Mnoge metode razvijene su upravo tako da bi se različiti procesi mogli pratiti na razini proteina: radioaktivno označavanje, izotopni markeri i elektrokemijski testovi. Danas se najviše koristi metoda fluorescentnog označavanja proteina jer omogućuje detaljno promatranje molekulskih mehanizama i testovi se mogu provoditi in vivo u stvarnom vremenu, u otopini te s velikom osjetljivošću. Metode fluorescentnog označavanja aminokiselina puno se koriste u svrhu proučavanja kompleksne strukture peptidoglikana i njegove biosinteze. Istraživanja sinteze peptidoglikana od velikog su interesa. Razlog tome je to što patogene bakterije posjeduju sve veću otpornost i na najnovije antibiotike koji djeluju upravo na sintezu peptidoglikana. Razvijanje novih fluorescentnih D-aminokiselina zasigurno je od velikog značaja, vodeći se činjenicom da nam upravo one omogućuju vizualizaciju sinteze peptidoglikana. Različite FDAA (fluorescentne D-aminokiseline) posjeduju različita fizikalna i fotokemijska svojstva te na taj način mogu dovesti do različitih informacija o sintezi peptidoglikana.
- Published
- 2021
28. GUSTATORY RESPONSE OF COMMON CARP CYPRINUS CARPIO TO VARIABLE CONCENTRATIONS OF TWO STIMULATORY AMINO ACIDS.
- Author
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David Wood, Jonathan and Arce Azócar, Paola Soledad
- Subjects
- *
CARP , *AMINO acids , *CYSTEINE , *PROLINE , *INGESTION - Abstract
Common carp possesses a highly evolved gustatory system that is stimulated by a narrow range of free amino acids including L-cysteine and L-proline. A synergetic effect on the gustatory response of a combination of these two substances has not previously been demonstrated. In this study, groups of common carp were randomly presented with different concentrations of L-cysteine (0-0.1 M) and L-proline (0-0.05 M) in agar pellets in one minute trials. First retention duration, total retention duration during each trial and the number of ingestions (pellet acceptances) were recorded for each of a total of 690 trials. Payability, pellet consumption rate and average pellet acceptances were calculated for each pellet type. It was shown that L-cysteine was more highly stimulatory than L-proline but no synergism between the two regarding the gustatory response was observed. The results are relevant for the formulation of aquafeeds and angling baits for carp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Adsorption study of cadmium ions on kaolinite modified by histidine and cysteine
- Author
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Mladenović, Nataša N., Ivanović, Marija M., Kljajević, Ljiljana M., Gulicovski, Jelena, Nenadović, Snežana S., Trivunac, Katarina, Mladenović, Nataša N., Ivanović, Marija M., Kljajević, Ljiljana M., Gulicovski, Jelena, Nenadović, Snežana S., and Trivunac, Katarina
- Abstract
Continuous development of new technologies leads to increasing pollution of water, thus creating the need for new materials that could be used in the processes of its purification. Therefore, adsorbents prepared from agricultural waste, resins, silica gels, zeolites, clays, flying ash, aluminosilicates and other materials are being investigated as potential sorbents. Recently, research has focused on improving the adsorption capacity by modifying the material by binding or impregnating inorganic and organic molecules on the surface. In this paper, the kaolinite modification with amino acids, histidine and cysteine, was performed to improve the efficiency of adsorption of cadmium ion. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of raw and modified kaolinite was determined by titration with methylene blue. The influence of operating parameters, such as adsorption time, pH value of the solution, initial metal concentration and temperature, on the capacity and adsorption efficiency were examined. Better agreement of experimental results with Freundlich's adsorption isotherm and the pseudo-second order kinetics model suggest that the adsorption of cadmium ions on the investigated adsorbents takes place by chemisorption mechanism. The change of Gibbs free energy has a negative value for both adsorbents, which shows that the adsorption process is spontaneous. The efficacy of cadmium removal from the aqueous solution onto histidine-modified kaolinite increased from 78.6% to 91.8%., Kontinualan razvoj novih tehnologija dovodi do povećanog zagađenja vode, čime se stvara potreba za novim materijalima koji se mogu koristiti u procesima prečišćavanja. Kao potencijalni, istražuju se adsorbenti pripremljeni od poljoprivrednog otpada, smola, silika gela, zeolita, gline, letećeg pepela, aluminosilikata i drugih materijala. Nedavna istraživanja su se fokusirala na poboljšanje adsorpcionog kapaciteta modifikovanjem materijala vezivanjem ili impregnacijom neorganskih i organskih molekula na površini. U ovom radu izvršena je modifikacija kaolinita aminokiselinama, histidinom i cisteinom, kako bi se poboljšala efikasnost adsorpcije jona kadmijuma. Kapacitet izmene katjona (CEC) sirovog i modifikovanog kaolinita određen je titracijom sa metilenskim plavim. Ispitivan je uticaj radnih parametara, kao što su vreme adsorpcije, pH vrednost rastvora, početna koncentracija metala, i temperatura, na kapacitet i efikasnost adsorpcije. Bolje slaganje eksperimentalnih rezultata sa Freundlich-ovom adsorpcionom izotermom i kinetičkim modelom pseudo-drugog reda sugeriše da se adsorpcija kadmijumovih jona na ispitivanim adsorbentima odvija putem hemisorpcionog mehanizma. Promena Gibsove slobodne energije ima negativnu vrednost za oba adsorbenta, što pokazuje da je proces adsorpcije spontan. Efikasnost uklanjanja kadmijuma iz vodenog rastvora na kaolinitu modifikovanim histidinom povećava se sa 78,6% na 91,8%.
- Published
- 2019
30. Physical traits and nutritional quality of selected Serbian maize genotypes differing in kernel hardness and colour
- Author
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Milašinović-Šeremešić, Marija S., Milašinović-Šeremešić, Marija S., Radosavljević, Milica, Srdić, Jelena Ž., Tomičić, Zorica M., Đuragić, Olivera M., Milašinović-Šeremešić, Marija S., Milašinović-Šeremešić, Marija S., Radosavljević, Milica, Srdić, Jelena Ž., Tomičić, Zorica M., and Đuragić, Olivera M.
- Abstract
Physical quality traits (1000-kernel weight, density, milling response and soft endosperm portion), basic chemical (starch, protein, oil, cellulose and ash) and amino acids composition of ten ZP maize genotypes differing in kernel hardness and colour were studied. The objectives of this study were to characterize differences in ZP maize genotypes regarding to various physical traits and nutritional quality parameters such as basic chemical and amino acid composition and the data was correlated to find the interrelationship between these parameters. Kernel physical traits and chemical composition significantly varied among tested genotypes. A significant negative correlation was found between protein content and portion of soft endosperm as well as a significant positive correlation between protein content and two physical traits, milling response and density. Protein content showed a non-significant negative correlation with starch content. The results showed that the protein content exhibited negative correlation with lysine as well as positive correlation with methionine. It has not been observed a significant improvement in the amino acid composition regarding the specialty genotypes such as the selected white and red kernels and popping maize genotypes. The information presented in this study could be useful for the utilization improvement of maize kernel and the development of maize-based ingredients to prepare nutritious feed and food products., Ispitivane su fizičke karakteristike zrna (apsolutna masa ili masa 1000 zrna, gustina, otpornost na mlevenje i udeo meke frakcije endosperma), osnovni hemijski sastav (sadržaj skroba, proteina, ulja, celuloze i pepela) i sastav aminokiselina kod 10 genotipova kukuruza različitih po tvrdoći i boji zrna. Ciljevi ovog rada bili su da se izvrši karakterizacija ZP genotipova kukuruza u odnosu na različite fizičke osobine i nutritivne parametre kvaliteta kao što su osnovni hemijski i aminokiselinski sastav, i podaci potom korelacionom analizom obrade u cilju utvrđivanja međuodnosa ovih parametara kvaliteta. Fizičke osobine zrna i hemijski sastav značajno su varirali između ispitivanih genotipova. Utvrđena je značajna negativna korelacija između sadržaja proteina i udela meke frakcije endosperma kao i značajne pozitivne korelacije između sadržaja proteina i dve fizičke osobine, otpornost na mlevenje i gustina zrna. Sadržaj proteina pokazao je negativnu korelaciju sa sadržajem skroba. Rezultati su pokazali da sadržaj proteina u zrnu ima negativnu korelaciju sa sadržajem lizina, kao i pozitivnu korelaciju sa sadržajem metionina. Nije utvrđeno značajno poboljšanje sastava aminokiselina kod genotipova specifičnih svojstava, kao što su genotipovi belog i crvenog zrna, i genotipovi kukuruza kokičara. Informacije predstavljene u ovom radu mogu biti korisne za poboljšanje upotrebne vrednosti zrna kukuruza i razvoj komponenata na bazi kukuruza za hranu za životinje i prehrambene proizvode.
- Published
- 2019
31. HEMIJSKA, NUTRITIVNA I FARMAKOLOŠKA VREDNOST ULJANE TIKVE-GOLICE (Cucurbita pepo L.).
- Author
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Janoš, Berenji
- Subjects
- *
CUCURBITA pepo , *SQUASHES , *PUMPKINS , *OIL cake , *OILSEED products , *FATTY acids , *AMINO acids - Abstract
The main product of naked seeded oil pumpkin (C. pepo) is the fruit, which is separated during the process of harvesting into flesh and seed. The most important ingredient of the seed is oil (42-51%) which is obtained from the seed by pressing. The main ingredients of the oil (Fig. 1) are linoleic (44-46%) and oleic acids (36-37%). The content of palmitic (11%) and stearic acids (6-7%) is lower and there are negligable amonuts of capric (0,6%) and arachidic acids (0,4-0,5%) in the oil. Compared to other vegetable oils, pumpkin seed oil is distinguished by high amount of tocopherol (the ratio of ã-tocopherol being around 90%) and tocotrienol. Proteins are important ingredients of pumpkin seed (35-45%) and are characterized by specific amino acid composition (Fig. 2). During the process of oil pressing the proteins remain in the oil cake. The question of maximum residue level of pesticides (tab. 1) in the seed is in the focus of rigorous control. Seed cake and sediments as by-products of pressing and filtration of the oil are rich in proteins and oil. Pumpkin seed (Cucurbitae semen) is consumed raw or roasted, in tact or grinded. The nutraceutical and pharmaceutical value of the pumpkin seed oil (Oleum cucurbitae) is mainly based of phytosterols (of which delta-7-sterol is the most frequently mentioned), specific fatty acid composition and vitamin E. It is beneficial for the cases od benign hyphertrophy of prostate gland (BPH). To copherols contribute to blockade of demaging ef fects of free radicals. Butter produced from the sediment and the seed cake as animal feed are very rich in proteins. The fruit flesh is not yet utilized properly. However, it has a high potential as cattle feed when row or prepared for silage. For the full utilization of the flesh it is necessary to solve the problem of hygiene. i.e. to remove the dirtiness from the fruit surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
32. The influence of surface modification on the corosion resistance of tin : bachelor thesis
- Author
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Rak, Anđela and Škugor Rončević, Ivana
- Subjects
inhibicija korozije ,amino acids ,aminokiseline ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Kemija. Anorganska kemija ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Chemistry. Inorganic Chemistry ,elektrokemijska ispitivanja ,tin ,corrosion inhibition ,kositar ,electrochemical metods - Abstract
U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja utjecaja 0,01 M različitih aminokiselina, (alanin, valin i izoleucin) na korozijsko ponašanje elektrode od kositra. Ispitivanja su provedena u 0,5 M otopini NaCl. Elektrokemijska ispitivanja izvršena su mjerenjem potencijala otvorenog strujnog kruga, elektrokemijske impedancijske spektroskopije i linearne kvazi - potenciostatske polarizacije. Prije i nakon elektrokemijskih mjerenja, površina elektrode je analizirana optičkim mikroskopom. Rezultati, nakon elektrokemijskih ispitivanja su pokazali da dodatkom aminokiseline (0,01 M) u 0,5 M otopinu NaCl dolazi do snižavanja vrijednosti gustoće korozijske struje i povećanja polarizacijskog otpora što ukazuje na inhibicijsko djelovanje korištenih aditiva na koroziju kositra. Korištenjem optičkog mikroskopa potvrđeno je postojanje zaštitnog filma aminokiseline na površini elektrode od kositra. This thesis presents results of the research on influence of 0.01 M amino acid (alanine, valine and isoleucine) on corrosion behavior of tin electrode. Experiments were conducted in 0.5 M NaCl electrolyte solution. Electrochemical tests were performed using the open circuit potential measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear quasi potentiostatic polarization. The surface of the electrode was analysed by optical microscope before and after electrochemical measurements. The results of electrochemical measurements have shown that application of the amino acid additive, lead to a decrease of the value of the corrosion current density and increase of the polarization resistance, which indicate the inhibitory effect of used additives on the corrosion of tin. The existence of protective amino acid film on the surface of the tin electrode was confirmed by optical microscope.
- Published
- 2019
33. Volatile compounds and amino acids in the urine of testicular tumour patients
- Author
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Živković Semren, Tanja, Pizent, Alica, and Mornar Turk, Ana
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amino acids ,aminokiseline ,ciklus limunske kiseline ,volatile organic metabolites ,oksidacijski stres ,Pharmacology. Therapeutics. Toxicology ,elementi ,testicular tumour ,udc:615(043.3) ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Pharmacy. Pharmacy ,elements ,hlapljivi organski metaboliti ,tumor testisa, aminokiseline, elementi, oksidacijski stres, hlapljivi organski metaboliti, ciklus limunske kiseline, ciklus uree ,Farmakologija. Terapeutika. Toksikologija ,tumor testisa ,urea cycle ,oxidative stress ,citric acid cycle ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Farmacija. Farmacija ,ciklus uree - Abstract
Tumor testisa najčešće je maligno oboljenje u muškaraca mlađe životne dobi. Razvojem tumora nastaju promjene u metabolizmu stanica koje se mogu pratiti analizom metabolita u biološkim uzorcima ispitanika što može biti koristan alat za procjenu stanja organizma i daljnje liječenje bolesti. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je kreirati kvantitativni profil slobodnih aminokiselina i elemenata u urinu ispitanika s tumorom testisa i odrediti vrijednosti parametara oksidacijsko-redukcijske ravnoteže u krvi. U ispitanika s tumorom testisa izmjerene su značajno povišene koncentracije asparaginske kiseline, mangana i cinka te aktivnost superoksid dismutaze dok su koncentracija treonina, serina, histidina, kobalta i glutationa te ukupni oksidacijski status, bili značajno niži u odnosu na kontrolne ispitanike. Nadalje, provedena je linearna diskriminantna analiza kako bi se ispitalo razdvaja li kreirani profil aminokiselina ispitanike s tumorom testisa od kontrolnih ispitanika, a uspješnost diskriminacije iznosila je 86 %. U urinu ispitanika s tumorom testisa kreiran je i kvalitativni profil hlapljivih organskih metabolita kako bi detektirali koje se vrste, ovisno o funkcionalnim skupinama, javljaju u urinu. Analizom urina u kromatogramu je detektirano oko 200 pikova hlapljivih organskih metabolita te su identificirana 123 metabolita. Procijenjen je učinak kemoterapije cisplatinom na koncentraciju aminokiselina i elemenata te na parametre oksidacijsko-redukcijske ravnoteže. Nakon primljene kemoterapije, u ispitanika s tumorom testisa izmjerene su povišene koncentracije većine aminokiselina i elemenata u urinu te glutationa u krvnoj plazmi u odnosu na vrijednosti prije kemoterapije. Godinu dana nakon kemoterapije rezultati su pokazali slične vrijednosti za većinu aminokiselina osim za treonin, serin i živu koji su bili značajno sniženi, te mangan i platinu koji su i dalje bili značajno povišeni kod ispitanika koji su bolovali od tumora testisa u odnosu na kontrolne ispitanike. Rezultati upućuju na postupni oporavak metabolizma nakon prestanka kemoterapije. Ovim istraživanjem dobiveni su rezultati koji upućuju na to da razvojem tumora u testisima dolazi do poremećaja u ciklusu limunske kiseline i ciklusu uree. Dobiveni rezultati mogu poslužiti kao temelj za daljnja istraživanja o ulozi međuprodukata navedenih ciklusa u tumorigenezi što može pridonijeti eventualnom otkrivanju novih bioloških biljega tumora testisa. Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy in young men and in recent decades its occurrence has been growing rapidly. Tumour development induces changes in cell metabolism that can be monitored by analysing the metabolites in biological samples of the subject. The aim of this study was to create a quantitative profile of free amino acids and elements in urine and levels of oxidative stress parameters in blood of men with testicular cancer and compare them with control subjects. In subjects with testicular cancer, significantly higher concentrations of aspartic acid, manganese and zinc were measured, as well as a higher activity of superoxide dismutase. On the other hand, concentrations of threonine, serine, histidine, cobalt and glutathione and total oxidant status were significantly lower in comparison to control subjects. Additionally, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed to examine whether the created amino acid profile discriminated subjects with testicular cancer from control subjects and the results showed that the discrimination rate was 86%. In the urine of subjects with testicular cancer a qualitative profile of volatile organic metabolites was also created to detect which species, depending on their functional groups, can be detected in urine. GCMS analysis of urine detected about 200 peaks of volatile organic metabolites, and 123 of them were identified. The effect of cisplatin chemotherapy on the concentration of amino acids and elements in urine and on the parameters of oxidative stress was also estimated. After receiving chemotherapy, concentrations of the majority of amino acids and elements in urine and glutathione in blood plasma increased in comparison to values obtained before chemotherapy. One year after receiving chemotherapy the results showed that the concentrations of most amino acids and elements were similar to those measured in the control subjects, except for threonine, serine and mercury, which had significantly higher values, and manganese and platinum, which had significantly lower values than the control subjects. Results indicated a gradual metabolism recover following chemotherapy. The results of this research suggest that the development of a tumour in the testicles leads to a disorder in the citric acid cycle and the urea cycle. The obtained results can be used as a basis for further research on the role of the intermediates of the above-mentioned cycles in tumorigenesis, which could contribute to the possible discovery of new biomarkers for testicular tumours.
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- 2019
34. Amino Acids Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Mushrooms from Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Mirsada Salihović, Aida Šapčanin, Selma Špirtović-Halilović, A Uzunovic, Melita Huremović, and Ekrem Pehlić
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Antioxidant ,animal structures ,General Chemical Engineering ,medicine.medical_treatment ,fungi ,samonikle gljive ,kultivirane gljive ,aminokiseline ,HPTLC ,antioksidacijska aktivnost ,General Chemistry ,Amino acid ,chemistry ,medicine ,Composition (visual arts) ,Food science ,wild mushrooms ,cultivated mushrooms ,amino acids ,antioxidant activity - Abstract
Many studies highlight the health benefits of mushrooms, which are consequently becoming more and more interesting for researchers. The content of amino acids (AA), total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidative activity (AAc) were determined in wild as well as cultivated mushrooms. The AA included: L-tryptophan (Trp), L-arginine (Arg), L-cysteine (Cys), L-methionine (Met), L-alanine (Ala), L-phenylalanine (Phe), L-lysine (Lys), L-valine (Val), L-glycine (Gly), and L-leucine (Leu). The wild mushrooms: Lactarius piperatus, Amanita caesarea, Lactarius deliciosus, Lycoperdon pyriforme, Macrolepiota procera, and cultivated mushrooms: Agaricus bisporus, Boletus aestivalis, Cantharellus cibarius, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Agaricus bisporus var. avellaneus were investigated in this study. The AA was determined by HPTLC method and quantified with a Camag TLC scanner and WINCAT software by scanning the plates at 540 nm. The TPC was spectrophotometrically estimated as gallic acid equivalents/g of fresh weight according to Folin-Ciocalteu’s method. The radical scavenging activity (RSA) of mushroom extracts was determined by DPPH assay. The highest content of Ala, Gly, Phe, Lys, Val, and Leu was found in Pleurotus ostreatus. The total phenolic content (mg GAE/g) in investigated mushrooms ranged from 1.90 to 35.56, and the % RSA ranged from 43.88 to 90.17. This study promotes the consumption of food rich in bioactive compounds, mushrooms being among such food. Further research on mushrooms from Bosnia and Herzegovina and their benefits in the overall maintenance of human health and protection from age-related diseases is necessary. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License., Mnoga istraživanja ističu zdravstvene prednosti gljiva, koje stoga postaju sve zanimljivije za konzumente i istraživače. Sadržaj aminokiselina (AA) i ukupnih fenola (TPC) te antioksidacijska aktivnost (AAc) utvrđeni su u samoniklim i kultiviranim gljivama. Analizirane AA su: L-triptofan (Trp), L-arginin (Arg), L-cistein (Cys), L-metionin (Met), L-alanin (Ala), L-fenilalanin (Phe), L-lizin (Lys), L-valin (Val), L-glicin (Gly) i L-leucin (Leu). Od samoniklih gljiva analizirane su: Lactarius piperatus, Amanita caesarea, Lactarius deliciosus, Lycoperdon pyriforme, Macrolepiota procera, a od kultiviranih gljiva ispitivane su: Agaricus bisporus, Boletus aestivalis, Cantharellus cibarius, Pleurotus ostreatus i Agaricus bisporus var. avellaneus. Određivanje AA provedeno je metodom HPTLC, a kvantifikacija je provedena skenerom Camag TLC i softverom WINCAT skeniranjem ploča na 540 nm. TPC je spektrofotometrijski određen kao ekvivalent galne kiseline/g svježe mase metodom Folin-Ciocalteu. Aktivnost hvatanja radikala (RSA) ekstrakata gljiva određena je DPPH testom. Najveći sadržaj Ala, Gly, Phe, Lys, Val i Leu nađen je u Pleurotus ostreatus. Sadržaj ukupnih fenola (mg GAE/g) u ispitivanim gljivama kretao se u rasponu od 1,90 do 35,56, a % RSA u rasponu od 43,88 do 90,17. Ovo istraživanje promovira konzumiranje hrane bogate bioaktivnim spojevima, kojima pripadaju i gljive. Stoga je nužno nastaviti istraživanje gljiva s područja Bosne i Hercegovine radi utvrđivanja njihove dobrobiti za cjelokupno održavanje zdravlja ljudi i zaštite od oboljenja povezanih sa starenjem. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna.
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- 2019
35. Fizičke karakteristike i nutritivni kvalitet odabranih genotipova kukuruza iz srbije različitih u tvrdoći i boji zrna
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Milica Radosavljević, Jelena Srdić, Zorica M. Tomičić, Marija Milašinović-Šeremešić, and O. Đuragic
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genetic structures ,Starch ,Lysine ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Endosperm ,endosperm ,fizičke osobine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,kukuruz ,chemical composition ,Food science ,Chemical composition ,2. Zero hunger ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,varijacija ,amino acids ,Methionine ,lcsh:TP368-456 ,aminokiseline ,010401 analytical chemistry ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,hemijski sastav ,040401 food science ,0104 chemical sciences ,Amino acid ,lcsh:Food processing and manufacture ,corn ,chemistry ,Kernel (statistics) ,physical traits ,Composition (visual arts) ,variation - Abstract
Physical quality traits (1000-kernel weight, density, milling response and soft endosperm portion), basic chemical (starch, protein, oil, cellulose and ash) and amino acids composition of ten ZP maize genotypes differing in kernel hardness and colour were studied. The objectives of this study were to characterize differences in ZP maize genotypes regarding to various physical traits and nutritional quality parameters such as basic chemical and amino acid composition and the data was correlated to find the interrelationship between these parameters. Kernel physical traits and chemical composition significantly varied among tested genotypes. A significant negative correlation was found between protein content and portion of soft endosperm as well as a significant positive correlation between protein content and two physical traits, milling response and density. Protein content showed a non-significant negative correlation with starch content. The results showed that the protein content exhibited negative correlation with lysine as well as positive correlation with methionine. It has not been observed a significant improvement in the amino acid composition regarding the specialty genotypes such as the selected white and red kernels and popping maize genotypes. The information presented in this study could be useful for the utilization improvement of maize kernel and the development of maize-based ingredients to prepare nutritious feed and food products. Ispitivane su fizičke karakteristike zrna (apsolutna masa ili masa 1000 zrna, gustina, otpornost na mlevenje i udeo meke frakcije endosperma), osnovni hemijski sastav (sadržaj skroba, proteina, ulja, celuloze i pepela) i sastav aminokiselina kod 10 genotipova kukuruza različitih po tvrdoći i boji zrna. Ciljevi ovog rada bili su da se izvrši karakterizacija ZP genotipova kukuruza u odnosu na različite fizičke osobine i nutritivne parametre kvaliteta kao što su osnovni hemijski i aminokiselinski sastav, i podaci potom korelacionom analizom obrade u cilju utvrđivanja međuodnosa ovih parametara kvaliteta. Fizičke osobine zrna i hemijski sastav značajno su varirali između ispitivanih genotipova. Utvrđena je značajna negativna korelacija između sadržaja proteina i udela meke frakcije endosperma kao i značajne pozitivne korelacije između sadržaja proteina i dve fizičke osobine, otpornost na mlevenje i gustina zrna. Sadržaj proteina pokazao je negativnu korelaciju sa sadržajem skroba. Rezultati su pokazali da sadržaj proteina u zrnu ima negativnu korelaciju sa sadržajem lizina, kao i pozitivnu korelaciju sa sadržajem metionina. Nije utvrđeno značajno poboljšanje sastava aminokiselina kod genotipova specifičnih svojstava, kao što su genotipovi belog i crvenog zrna, i genotipovi kukuruza kokičara. Informacije predstavljene u ovom radu mogu biti korisne za poboljšanje upotrebne vrednosti zrna kukuruza i razvoj komponenata na bazi kukuruza za hranu za životinje i prehrambene proizvode.
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- 2019
36. Rak testisa i promjene u ciklusu limunske kiseline
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Živković Semren, Tanja, Tariba Lovaković, Blanka, Safner, Toni, Jokić, Stela, Aladić, Krunoslav, Gamulin, Marija, Pizent, Alica, and Ozretić, Petar
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rak testisa ,aminokiseline ,elementi - Abstract
Nastanak tumorskih stanica povezan je s brojnim biokemijskim i molekularnim promjenama u organizmu čije uočavanje ima veliki potencijal u ranoj dijagnostici i liječenju. Tumori, kao abnormalne nakupine tkiva, oduzimaju organizmu hranjive tvari, kisik, hormone i ostale životno bitne sastojke u svrhu vlastitog rasta te tako utječu na metabolizam stanice i regulaciju njene funkcije. Poznavanje i razumijevanje metaboličkih razlika između normalnih stanica i stanica raka prepoznato je kao moguća meta za ubijanje tumorskih stanica. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je usporediti kvantitativni profil slobodnih aminokiselina i elemenata u urinu ispitanika s tumorom testisa u odnosu na njihove vrijednosti u kontrolnih ispitanika. Koncentracije slobodnih aminokiselina izmjerene su primjenom GC-MS-a nakon priprave uzoraka korištenjem komercijalnog seta reagensa Phenomenex EZ:faast, a koncentracije elemenata izmjerene su primjenom ICP-MS-a. U ispitanika s tumorom testisa izmjerene su značajno povišene koncentracije asparaginske kiseline, mangana i cinka, a značajno snižene koncentracije treonina, serina, histidina i kobalta u odnosu na koncentracije izmjerene u kontrolnih ispitanika. Ovi rezultati upućuju na to da razvojem tumora u testisima dolazi do poremećaja u ciklusu limunske kiseline i ciklusu uree. Naime, asparaginska kiselina ima važnu ulogu u ciklusu limunske kiseline i ciklusu uree. Dosadašnja istraživanja su pokazala da asparaginska kiselina sudjeluje u proliferaciji, iako ne svih vrsta tumora. Kobalt je neophodna komponenta kobalamina (vitamina B12) i ima vrlo važnu ulogu u formiranju aminokiselina, dok kobalaminski enzimi kataliziraju reakcije nastanka međuprodukata koji ulaze u ciklus limunske kiseline. Mangan ima ključnu ulogu u mnogim staničnim procesima, uključujući metabolizam lipida, proteina i ugljikohidrata te je sastavni dio enzima arginaze uključenih u sintezu uree i metabolizam piruvata. Dobiveni rezultati mogu poslužiti kao temelj za daljnja istraživanja o ulozi međuprodukata navedenih ciklusa u tumorigenezi što može pridonijeti eventualnom otkrivanju novih bioloških biljega tumora testisa.
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- 2019
37. Mehanizam modelne reakcije aminokiseline i reaktivnog aldehida u različitom otapalima
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Škulj, Sanja, Vazdar, Katarina, Margetić, Davor, Vazdar, Mario, and Primožić, Ines
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reaktivni aldehidi ,DFT ,reakcijski mehanizam ,aminokiseline ,otapalo - Abstract
„Curenje elektrona“ u elektron transportnom lancu glavni je uzrok nastanka mitohondrijskih superoksida koji su primarna reaktivna vrsta kisika (ROS) čija povećana koncentracija može štetno djelovati na ukupnu održivost stanica. Nemogućnost njihove eliminacije antioksidativnim obrambenim mehanizmom uzrokuje nagomilavanje ove vrste čija posljedica je oksidativni stres. ROS mogu reagirati sa svim makromolekulama od kojih su lipidi najosjetljiviji i iz kojih lipidnom peroksidacijom polinezasićenih masnih kiselina lipida i slobodnih radikala nastaju oksidacijski produkti, reaktivni aldehidi (RA). Najčešći RA je 4-hidroksi-2-nonenal (HNE) koji je u usporedbi sa slobodnim radikalima stabilniji te lako može doprijeti i reagirati s aminokiselinama iz proteina, membranskim lipidima i DNA mijenjajući im pri tome funkciju i stabilnost.1 Ove reakcije su dosta ispitivane te ovisno o uvjetima i otapalu nastaju različiti adukti.2 Zbog toga smo proveli eksperimentalne i kvantnokemijske (QM) račune za modelnu reakciju HNE-a i aminokiseline lizina u dva različita otapala, aprotičnom diklormetanu te protičnom acetonitrilu s raznim udjelima vode. Na taj način smo pokazali utjecaj otapala i utjecaj količine vode na nastajanje različitih produkata što je analogno uvjetima u hidrofobnoj unutrašnjosti membrane i hidrofilnom vodenom sloju. U nevodenom mediju acetonitrilu i diklormetanu glavni produkt je nepolarni pirolni adukt dok se povećanjem koncentracije vode udio pirolnog adukta smanjuje te nastaju novi produkti, od kojih su najzastupljeniji Michaelov i piridinski adukt. Eksperimentalne rezultate i stabilnost nastalih produkata potvrdili smo QM računima. Rezultati također pokazuju značajno smanjenje barijere u dijelovima mehanizma koji u prijelaznim stanjima imaju prijenos protona uz pomoć molekule vode. Predloženi modelni sustav opisuje jednostavne modelne reakcije koje simuliraju uvjete oksidativnog stresa u fosfolipidnom dvosloju te je temelj za daljnja složenija istraživanja svojstava modificiranih fosfolipidnih membrana.
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- 2019
38. Methionine and Glycine Stabilize Mitochondrial Activity in Sake Yeast During Ethanol Fermentation
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Jannatul Ferdouse, Yuki Kusaba, Yuki Fujimaru, Yuki Yamamoto, and Hiroshi Kitagaki
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kvasac koji se koristi u proizvodnji pića sake ,etanol ,vrenje ,aminokiseline ,mitohondriji ,sake yeast ,ethanol ,fermentation ,amino acids ,mitochondria - Abstract
Dodatak aminokiselina u fermentacijsku podlogu utječe na rast i aktivnost kvasca, a zadržavanje aktivnosti mitohondrija tijekom alkoholnog vrenja je kritično za aktivnost pivskog kvasca. Međutim, mehanizam djelovanja aminokiselina u fermentacijskoj podlozi i njihov utjecaj na aktivnost mitohondrija pivskog kvasca tijekom vrenja još uvijek nije poznat. U ovom radu smo utvrdili da aminokiseline u fermentacijskoj podlozi, osobito metionin i glicin, stabiliziraju aktivnost mitohondrija kvasca tijekom proizvodnje pića sake. Pomoću mutanta atg32△, koji ima narušenu aktivnost mitohondrija, istražili smo aminokiseline koje povećavaju aktivnost mitohondrija kvasca tijekom vrenja. Identificirali smo metionin i glicin kao aminokiseline koje bi mogle povećati aktivnost mitohondrija kvasca tijekom proizvodnje pića sake. Da bismo to potvrdili, izmjerili smo količinu reaktivnih oblika kisika u kvascu nakon vrenja u podlozi s metioninom i glicinom. Kvasac koji je fermentirao u podlozi s metioninom i glicinom zadržao je relativno veliku količinu reaktivnih oblika kisika u usporedbi s kvascem koji je fermentirao u podlozi bez dodatka aminokiselina. Osim toga, stanice koje su fermentirale u podlozi s dodatkom metionina imale su različit metabolom od stanica koje su fermentirale u podlozi bez dodatka aminokiseline. Rezultati pokazuju da određene aminokiseline, poput metionina i glicina, stabiliziraju aktivnost mitohondrija kvasca tijekom proizvodnje pića sake i na taj način upravljaju aktivnošću kvasca., Addition of amino acids to fermentation media affects the growth and brewing profiles of yeast. In addition, retaining mitochondrial activity during fermentation is critical for the fermentation profiles of brewer’s yeasts. However, a concrete mechanism linking amino acids in fermentation media with mitochondrial activity during fermentation of brewer’s yeasts is yet unknown. Here, we report that amino acids in fermentation media, especially methionine (Met) and glycine (Gly), stabilize mitochondrial activity during fermentation of sake yeast. By utilizing atg32Δ mutant sake yeast, which shows deteriorated mitochondrial activity, we screened candidate amino acids that strengthened the mitochondrial activity of sake yeast during fermentation. We identified Met and Gly as candidate amino acids that fortify mitochondrial activity in sake yeast during fermentation. To confirm this biochemically, we measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in sake yeast fermented with Met and Gly. Yeast cells supplemented with Met and Gly retained high ROS levels relative to the non-supplemented sake yeast. Moreover, Met-supplemented cells showed a metabolome distinct from that of non-supplemented cells. These results indicate that specific amino acids such as Met and Gly stabilize the mitochondrial activity of sake yeast during fermentation and thus manipulate brewing profiles of yeast.
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- 2019
39. Određivanje strukture farmakofore, dizajn, sinteza i ispitivanje antiproliferativne aktivnosti derivata alfa-tokoferola i gama-tokotrienola
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Gagić, Žarko P., Nikolić, Katarina, Agbaba, Danica, Ivković, Branka, Srdić-Rajić, Tatjana, Gagić, Žarko P., Gagić, Žarko P., Nikolić, Katarina, Agbaba, Danica, Ivković, Branka, Srdić-Rajić, Tatjana, and Gagić, Žarko P.
- Abstract
Vitamin E je generičko ime koje obuhvata dve klase jedinjenja, tokoferole i tokotrienole, od kojih svaka klasa sadrži 4 izomera (α, β, γ, δ). Analozi vitamina E putem različitih mehanizama mogu ispoljiti snažnu citotoksičnu aktivnost na više tipova tumorskih ćelija, a da pritom ne remete u velikoj meri aktivnost zdravih ćelija.Ovu doktorsku disertaciju čine tri celine čiji će rezultati imati potencijalni značaj za primenu derivata vitamina E u terapiji malignih bolesti.Prva celina obuhvata studije kvantitativnog odnosa strukture i dejstva (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, QSAR) derivata vitamina E i određivanje strukture farmakofore.U drugoj celini opisani su: (1) sinteza estara α-tokoferola sa aminokiselinama lizinom, prolinom, glutaminom, asparaginom i estara γ-tokotrienola sa lizinom, prolinom, glutaminom; (2) in vitro ispitivanja biološke aktivnosti sintetisanih estara na MCF-7 i MDA-MB 231 ćelijskim linijama tumora dojke, A549 ćelijskoj liniji tumora pluća i MRC-5 zdravoj ćelijskoj liniji fetalnih fibroblasta pluća; (3) ispitivanje ćelijskih mehanizama antiproliferativne aktivnosti i sinergističkog efekta najaktivnijeg sinetisanog jedinjenja sa doksorubicinom na multirezistentnoj MDA-MB 231 ćelijskoj liniji; (4) studije stabilnosti u humanoj plazmi; (5) pretraživanje ChEMBL baze bioaktivnih molekula primenom metode virtelnog skrininga zasnovanog na strukturi liganda.Treću celinu predstavlja dizajn novih analoga vitamina E sa potencijalno snažnijim antitumorskim dejstvom..., Vitamin E is a generic name comprising of two classes of compounds, tocopherols and tocotrienols, each class containing 4 isomers (α, β, γ, δ). Analogs of vitamin E, via different mechanisms, may exhibit strong cytotoxic activity to many types of malignant cells, while not disrupting in a greater extent activity of healthy cells.This doctoral thesis includes three sections whose results will have potential importance for the use of vitamin E derivatives in the treatment of malignant diseases.The first section includes Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) study of vitamin E analogues and pharmacophore structure determination.The second section covers: (1) synthesis of α-tocopherol esters with amino acids lysine, proline, glutamine, asparagine, and γ-tocotrienol esters with lysine, proline, glutamine; (2) in vitro testing of biological activities of the synthesized esters on the MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell lines, A549 lung cancer cell line, and the MRC-5 healthy fetal lung fibroblasts cell line; (3) testing of cellular mechanisms which underlie the antiproliferative activity and synergistic effect of the most active compound with doxorubicin on multidrug-resistant MDA-MB 231 cell line; (4) stability study in human plasma; (5) filtering of the ChEMBL database of bioactive molecules using the ligand based virtual screening protocol.The third section represents design of new analogues of vitamin E with enhanced antitumor activity.2D- and 3D-QSAR studies were conducted on a series of vitamin E analogues with experimentally determined antiproliferative activity on MCF7 cell line, using PLSstatistical method...
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- 2018
40. Određivanje strukture farmakofore, dizajn, sinteza i ispitivanje antiproliferativne aktivnosti derivata alfa-tokoferola i gama-tokotrienola
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Nikolić, Katarina, Agbaba, Danica, Ivković, Branka, Srdić-Rajić, Tatjana, Gagić, Žarko P., Nikolić, Katarina, Agbaba, Danica, Ivković, Branka, Srdić-Rajić, Tatjana, and Gagić, Žarko P.
- Abstract
Vitamin E je generičko ime koje obuhvata dve klase jedinjenja, tokoferole i tokotrienole, od kojih svaka klasa sadrži 4 izomera (α, β, γ, δ). Analozi vitamina E putem različitih mehanizama mogu ispoljiti snažnu citotoksičnu aktivnost na više tipova tumorskih ćelija, a da pritom ne remete u velikoj meri aktivnost zdravih ćelija. Ovu doktorsku disertaciju čine tri celine čiji će rezultati imati potencijalni značaj za primenu derivata vitamina E u terapiji malignih bolesti. Prva celina obuhvata studije kvantitativnog odnosa strukture i dejstva (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, QSAR) derivata vitamina E i određivanje strukture farmakofore. U drugoj celini opisani su: (1) sinteza estara α-tokoferola sa aminokiselinama lizinom, prolinom, glutaminom, asparaginom i estara γ-tokotrienola sa lizinom, prolinom, glutaminom; (2) in vitro ispitivanja biološke aktivnosti sintetisanih estara na MCF-7 i MDA-MB 231 ćelijskim linijama tumora dojke, A549 ćelijskoj liniji tumora pluća i MRC-5 zdravoj ćelijskoj liniji fetalnih fibroblasta pluća; (3) ispitivanje ćelijskih mehanizama antiproliferativne aktivnosti i sinergističkog efekta najaktivnijeg sinetisanog jedinjenja sa doksorubicinom na multirezistentnoj MDA-MB 231 ćelijskoj liniji; (4) studije stabilnosti u humanoj plazmi; (5) pretraživanje ChEMBL baze bioaktivnih molekula primenom metode virtelnog skrininga zasnovanog na strukturi liganda. Treću celinu predstavlja dizajn novih analoga vitamina E sa potencijalno snažnijim antitumorskim dejstvom..., Vitamin E is a generic name comprising of two classes of compounds, tocopherols and tocotrienols, each class containing 4 isomers (α, β, γ, δ). Analogs of vitamin E, via different mechanisms, may exhibit strong cytotoxic activity to many types of malignant cells, while not disrupting in a greater extent activity of healthy cells. This doctoral thesis includes three sections whose results will have potential importance for the use of vitamin E derivatives in the treatment of malignant diseases. The first section includes Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) study of vitamin E analogues and pharmacophore structure determination. The second section covers: (1) synthesis of α-tocopherol esters with amino acids lysine, proline, glutamine, asparagine, and γ-tocotrienol esters with lysine, proline, glutamine; (2) in vitro testing of biological activities of the synthesized esters on the MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell lines, A549 lung cancer cell line, and the MRC-5 healthy fetal lung fibroblasts cell line; (3) testing of cellular mechanisms which underlie the antiproliferative activity and synergistic effect of the most active compound with doxorubicin on multidrug-resistant MDA-MB 231 cell line; (4) stability study in human plasma; (5) filtering of the ChEMBL database of bioactive molecules using the ligand based virtual screening protocol. The third section represents design of new analogues of vitamin E with enhanced antitumor activity. 2D- and 3D-QSAR studies were conducted on a series of vitamin E analogues with experimentally determined antiproliferative activity on MCF7 cell line, using PLS statistical method...
- Published
- 2018
41. Elektrokemijsko ponašanje L-cisteina na elektrodama od ugljikove paste modificiranim sa bakrovim(I) oksidom : završni rad
- Author
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Krstić, Kata and Buzuk, Marijo
- Subjects
L-cistein ,elektroda od ugljikove paste ,aminokiseline ,modifications ,modifikacije ,elektrokemijsko određivanje ,elektrode ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Kemija ,aminoacids ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Chemistry ,electrochemical determination ,cyclic voltammetry ,electrodes ,bakrov(I)oksid ,ciklička voltametrija ,L-cysteine ,carbon paste electrodes ,cuprous oxide - Abstract
U ovom radu ispitivano je elektrokemijsko ponašanje L –cisteina na elektrodi od ugljikove paste te modificiranoj elektrodi od ugljikove paste sa bakrovim(I)oksidom, Cu 2 O. Elektrokemijsko ponašanje je praćeno cikličkom voltametrijom kod tri pH vrijednosti (pH 4, pH 7 i pH 9). Uočeno je nekoliko redoks procesa na elektrodi modificiranoj sa 5% bakrovog(I)oksida kada su mjerenja izvršena pri pH 4 bez i u prisutnosti cisteina. Uočene pojave su objašnjene u svjetlu elektrokemijskog i kemijskog mehanizma. In this paper we discussed the electrochemical behaviour of aminoacid L –cysteine on carbon paste electrode, which was later modified with cuprous oxide. The measurements have been carried out using cyclic voltammetry, CV as a method, at three different pH values ( pH 4, pH 7 and pH 9). On electrodes that have been modified with 5% of modificator, cuprous oxide, there have been determined some redox reactions with and without cysteine at pH 4. Observed occurrences have been explained in the light of electrochemical and chemical mechanisms.
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- 2018
42. Pharmacophore structure determination, design, synthesis and antiproliferative activity of alpha-tocopherol and gama-tocotrienol derivatives
- Author
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Gagić, Žarko P., Nikolić, Katarina, Agbaba, Danica, Ivković, Branka, and Srdić-Rajić, Tatjana
- Subjects
tumor ,amino acids ,aminokiseline ,synthesis ,pharmacophore ,QSAR ,drug design ,esters of vitamin E ,sinteza ,dizajn lekova ,estri vitamina E ,virtual screening ,virtuelni skrining ,cancer ,antitumor activity ,farmakofora ,antitumorska aktivnost - Abstract
Vitamin E je generičko ime koje obuhvata dve klase jedinjenja, tokoferole i tokotrienole, od kojih svaka klasa sadrži 4 izomera (α, β, γ, δ). Analozi vitamina E putem različitih mehanizama mogu ispoljiti snažnu citotoksičnu aktivnost na više tipova tumorskih ćelija, a da pritom ne remete u velikoj meri aktivnost zdravih ćelija. Ovu doktorsku disertaciju čine tri celine čiji će rezultati imati potencijalni značaj za primenu derivata vitamina E u terapiji malignih bolesti. Prva celina obuhvata studije kvantitativnog odnosa strukture i dejstva (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, QSAR) derivata vitamina E i određivanje strukture farmakofore. U drugoj celini opisani su: (1) sinteza estara α-tokoferola sa aminokiselinama lizinom, prolinom, glutaminom, asparaginom i estara γ-tokotrienola sa lizinom, prolinom, glutaminom; (2) in vitro ispitivanja biološke aktivnosti sintetisanih estara na MCF-7 i MDA-MB 231 ćelijskim linijama tumora dojke, A549 ćelijskoj liniji tumora pluća i MRC-5 zdravoj ćelijskoj liniji fetalnih fibroblasta pluća; (3) ispitivanje ćelijskih mehanizama antiproliferativne aktivnosti i sinergističkog efekta najaktivnijeg sinetisanog jedinjenja sa doksorubicinom na multirezistentnoj MDA-MB 231 ćelijskoj liniji; (4) studije stabilnosti u humanoj plazmi; (5) pretraživanje ChEMBL baze bioaktivnih molekula primenom metode virtelnog skrininga zasnovanog na strukturi liganda. Treću celinu predstavlja dizajn novih analoga vitamina E sa potencijalno snažnijim antitumorskim dejstvom... Vitamin E is a generic name comprising of two classes of compounds, tocopherols and tocotrienols, each class containing 4 isomers (α, β, γ, δ). Analogs of vitamin E, via different mechanisms, may exhibit strong cytotoxic activity to many types of malignant cells, while not disrupting in a greater extent activity of healthy cells. This doctoral thesis includes three sections whose results will have potential importance for the use of vitamin E derivatives in the treatment of malignant diseases. The first section includes Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) study of vitamin E analogues and pharmacophore structure determination. The second section covers: (1) synthesis of α-tocopherol esters with amino acids lysine, proline, glutamine, asparagine, and γ-tocotrienol esters with lysine, proline, glutamine; (2) in vitro testing of biological activities of the synthesized esters on the MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell lines, A549 lung cancer cell line, and the MRC-5 healthy fetal lung fibroblasts cell line; (3) testing of cellular mechanisms which underlie the antiproliferative activity and synergistic effect of the most active compound with doxorubicin on multidrug-resistant MDA-MB 231 cell line; (4) stability study in human plasma; (5) filtering of the ChEMBL database of bioactive molecules using the ligand based virtual screening protocol. The third section represents design of new analogues of vitamin E with enhanced antitumor activity. 2D- and 3D-QSAR studies were conducted on a series of vitamin E analogues with experimentally determined antiproliferative activity on MCF7 cell line, using PLS statistical method...
- Published
- 2018
43. Mehanizmi nastajanja biokompozitnih materijala u sustavima kalcijeva karbonata i biološki značajnih molekula
- Author
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Štajner, Lara and Kralj, Damir
- Subjects
amino acids ,aminokiseline ,kalcijev karbonat ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Kemija ,biomineralization ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Chemistry ,dipeptidi ,salicilna kiselina ,nosač lijeka ,biomimetika ,biomineralizacija ,salicilic acid ,drug delivery ,dipeptides ,calcium carbonate ,udc:54(043.3) ,biomimetics ,Kemija. Kristalografija. Mineralogija ,Chemistry. Crystallography. Mineralogy - Abstract
Biomineralizacija je proces nastajanja slabo topljivih soli u živim organizmima, uz prisustvo biološki značajnih makromolekula. Nastajanje biokompozita specifičnih fizičko-kemijskih svojstava predložak je za biomimetičku sintezu novih funkcionalnih materijala. Kalcijev karbonat odabran je kao model biomineralizacije zbog složenosti sustava i makromolekula koje u tom procesu sudjeluju. Sustavno je istraženo djelovanje malih organskih molekula (aminokiseline, dipeptidi i derivati salicilne kiseline) i ionotropnosti (gelatori male molekulske mase) na nukleaciju te rast kalcita. Utjecaj na nukleaciju ispitan je indirektno eksperimentima spontanog taloženja, dok je utjecaj na rast istražen dodatkom kristalnog sjemena kalcita. Navedenim istraživanjima dobiven je uvid u mehanizam i doseg interakcija malih organskih molekula i površine kalcita određivanjem Langmuirovih konstanti adsorpcije. Dokazano je da polarne aminokiseline utječu na nukleaciju i rast, a ne samo kisele aminokiseline. Dipeptidi imaju veći utjecaj zbog sinergijskog djelovanja dviju funkcionalnih skupina aminokiselina. Najveći utjecaj uočen je dodatkom salicilnih derivata, koji bi se mogli koristiti kao nosači lijekova. Biomineralization is the formation of sparingly soluble salts in living organisms, strongly influenced by biologically active macromolecules. Formation of biocomposites, with specific physico-chemical properties, is a suitable model for the biomimetic approach of new materials synthesis. Calcium carbonate was selected as a biomineralization model due to the complexity of the system and the macromolecules involved in this process. Systematic research was carried out on small organic molecules' influence (amino acids, dipeptides and derivatives of salicylic acid) and ionotropy (low molecular weight galators) on nucleation and calcite growth. Their influence on nucleation was investigated by experiments on spontaneous precipitation, while seeded precipitation was used for observing their influence on growth. Insight into the interactions between small organic molecules and calcite surfaces was gained from Langmuir adsorption constants. Polar amino acids also influenced nucleation and growth, apart from acidic amino acids. Higher influence of dipeptides was observed due to the sinergistic effect of two amino acid functional groups. The strongest influence was noted for salicylic derivatives, which could be used as a drug delivery system.
- Published
- 2018
44. Taloženje kalcijevih oksalata u uvjetima hiperoksalurije: utjecaj aminokiselina relevantnih za patološku biomineralizaciju
- Author
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Stanković, Anamarija, Marković, Berislav, and Kralj, Damir
- Subjects
amino acids ,hyperoxaluria ,aminokiseline ,hiperoksalurija ,spontano taloženje ,ultrazvučno miješanje ,spontaneous precipitation ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Kemija ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Chemistry ,calcium oxalate dihydrate ,kalcijev oksalat monohidrat ,kalcijev oksalat dihidrat ,udc:54(043.3) ,calcium oxalate monohydrate ,Kemija. Kristalografija. Mineralogija ,ultrasonic agitation ,Chemistry. Crystallography. Mineralogy - Abstract
U ovom radu provedena su sustavna istraživanja spontanog taloženja kalcijeva oksalata pri tri različite kompleksnosti (jednostavan sustav, NaCl sustav i sustav umjetnog urina) i pri dva početna pH (pHi = 5,0 i pHi = 9,0). U svim sustavima dominantno taloži kalcijev oksalat monohidrat (COM) osim u sustavu umjetnog urina pri pHi = 9,0, ci(C2O42-) ≥ 6,0 mmol dm-3 i ci(Ca2+) ≥ 7,5 mmol dm-3 gdje taloži smjesa COM i kalcijeva oksalata dihidrata (COD). Istraženo je djelovanje sedam aminokiselina (nepolarne - Ala, Phe; polarne - Gly, Ser, Cys i nabijene - His, Asp) na spontano taloženje kalcijeva oksalata u uvjetima hiperoksalurije (ci(Ca2+) = 7,5 mmol dm-3 i ci(C2O42-) = 6,0 mmol dm-3) s ciljem rasvjetljavanja njihove uloge na taloženje hidrata kalcijeva oksalata. U sva tri promatrana sustava zabilježen je značajan utjecaj promatranih aminokiselina na morfologiju i rast kristala COM. Pri pHi = 9,0 uočene promjene su izraženije. Jedino u sustavu umjetnog urina pri pHi = 9,0 evidentirana je promjena sastava; polarne aminokiseline i nepolarna Phe inhibiraju taloženje COM. U ovom radu je po prvi puta sintetiziran COD uz primjenu ultrazvučnog miješanja. Kristalno sjeme COD habitusa u obliku pravilnih tetragonalnih bipiramida s prizmom pripremljeno je u ultrazvučno mješanom sustavu: ci(Ca2+) = 9,00 mmol dm-3, ci(C2O42-) = 2,33 mmol dm-3 i c(citrat) = 9,00 mmol dm-3 (ci(Ca2+)/ci(C2O42-) = 3,86). Zapaženo je da omjer ci(Ca2+)/ ci(C2O42-), c(citrat) i način miješanja značajno utječu na morfologiju COD kristala In this Thesis, systematic research of spontaneous precipitation of calcium oxalate at three different complexities (simple, NaCl and artificial urine system) and two initial pH (pHi = 5.0 and 9.0) was conducted. In all investigated systems, dominant precipitation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) was observed, except in artificial urine system at pHi = 9.0, ci(C2O42-) ≥ 6.0 mmol dm-3 and ci(Ca2+) ≥ 7.5 mmol dm-3 where precipitation of a mixture of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) occured. The influence of seven amino acids (nonpolar - Ala, Phe; polar - Gly, Ser, Cys and charged - His, Asp) on spontaneous pecipitation of calcium oxalate in hyperoxaluria conditions (ci(Ca2+) = 7.5 mmol dm-3 and ci(C2O42-) = 6.0 mmol dm-3) was studied in order to elucidate their role in precipitation of calcium oxalate hydrate. In all three investigated systems, significant influence of studied amino acids on morphology and crystal growth of COM was noted. The changes were more pronounced at pHi = 9.0. Only in the artificial urine system at pHi = 9.0, the change in composition was observed, polar aminoacids and nonpolar Phe inhibit precipitation of COM. In this Thesis, COD was synthesized for the first time with ultrasonic mixing. Crystal seed of COD in a shape of proper tetragonal bipramids with prism was prepared in ultrasonically mixed system: ci(Ca2+) = 9.00 mmol dm-3, ci(C2O42-) = 2.33 mmol dm-3 and c(citrate) = 9.00 mmol dm-3 (ci(Ca2+)/ci(C2O42-) = 3.86). It was observed that the ci(Ca2+)/ ci(C2O42-) ratio, c(citrate) and the way of mixing singnificantlly influenced morphology of COD crystals.
- Published
- 2018
45. Reactive aldehyde and amino acid model system: reaction mechanism
- Author
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Škulj, Sanja, Vazdar, Katarina, Vazdar, Mario, and Primožić, Ines
- Subjects
reaktivni aldehidi ,DFT ,reakcijski mehanizam ,aminokiseline - Abstract
Transport protona kroz mitohondrijske stanične membrane jedan je od osnovnih metabolitičkih procesa u organizmu.1 U uvjetima oksidativnog stresa u stanicama nastaju različite reaktivne oksidativne vrste koje mogu reagirati s biomolekulama u staničnim membranama.2 Time dolazi do značajnog povećanja transporta protona kroz membranu i poremećaja u metabolizmu stanice, a mehanizam koji dovodi do takvog povećanja još uvijek nije detaljno razjašnjen. Jedna od glavnih oksidativnih vrsta koje nastaju tijekom oksidativnog stresa je 4-hidroksi-2- nonenal (4-HNE) koji lako može reagirati s proteinima smještenim u membrani.3 U svrhu razumijevanja kemijskih reakcija koje su relevantne u biološkim membranama u takvim uvjetima, za reakciju modelne aminokiseline lizina i 4-HNE-a izračunate su energetske barijere i relativne stabilnosti nastalih produkata i intermedijera na SMD/MP2/6- 311++G(d, p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) razini teorije. Predložen je detaljni reakcijski mehanizam za modelnu reakciju u diklormetanu te acetonitrilu s jednom molekulom vode koji simuliraju jednostavne modele hidrofobnog, odnosno hidrofilnog dijela fosfolipidnog dvosloja. Rezultati teorijskih istraživanja slažu se s eksperimentalnim rezultatima gdje je u diklormetanu, kao nevodenom inertnom otapalu, najstabilniji produkt adukt pirola s iskorištenjem od 61%. U aprotičnom acetonitrilu s vodom, pirolni adukt je samo jedan od produkata čiji udio se smanjuje povećanjem udjela vode, a uz njega nastaju i hemiacetal i Schiffova baza s iskorištenjima od 30% do 50%. Predloženi modelni sustav temelj je za daljnja složenija istraživanja svojstava modificiranih fosfolipidnih membrana jer opisuje jednostavne modelne reakcije koje simuliraju uvjete oksidativnog stresa u fosfolipidnom dvosloju. Nadalje, ovaj sustav pokazuje i kako mogu nastati različiti produkti ovisno u kojem mediju se reakcija odvija te kako prisustvo vode može smanjiti reakcijske barijere i odrediti koji produkti će nastati u takvim uvjetima.
- Published
- 2018
46. Nutritivni sastav organski i konvencionalno proizvedenih namirnica
- Author
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Milovan Veličković and Jelena Golijan
- Subjects
amino acids ,aminokiseline ,Nutritional composition ,vitamini ,minerals ,vitamins ,organska hrana ,organic foods ,proteins ,lipids ,minerali ,sugars ,proteini ,Environmental science ,lipidi ,Food science ,šećeri - Abstract
Given the fact that the nutritional value, safety and health status of food produced by conventional agriculture vary around the world, the system of organic farming is emerging as a system that achieves a sustainable production of healthy and safe food, free of pesticide residues. This paper presents evidence that organic foods compared to conventional contain significantly less nitrates, a higher level of dry substance and minerals (especially Fe, Mg and P), vitamin C, essential amino acids and total sugars, then the phenolic compounds, while foods of animal origin contain more unsaturated fatty acids. As for the level of protein, it is generally lower in organic foods. The current scientific data indicate that there is an insufficient number of studies on vitamin levels, in particular b-carotene and vitamin B group. Organically produced fruits and vegetables (in particular apple, cherry, currants, sugar beet, beetroot, carrot, spinach, kale and potatoes) contain higher levels of sucrose and total all sugars. When it comes to animal products, the current available data are insufficiently documented due to different farming systems on farms. However, studies show that chicken eggs and cow's milk do not show significant differences in protein content compared to conventionally produced, organic cow's milk products contain less lipids, while organic chicken meat has a much higher level of iron. However, strict rules laid down by the system of organic production provides food production that meets high quality standards. S obzirom na to da je činjenica da nutritivna vrednost, bezbednost i zdravstveno stanje namirnica proizvedenih konvencionalnom poljoprivredom variraju širom sveta, sistem organske proizvodnje se nameće kao sistem kojim se postiže održiva proizvodnja zdrave i bezbedne hrane bez ostataka pesticida. Ovim radom su prikazani podaci da organska hrana u poređenju sa konvencionalnom sadrži znatno manje nitrata, a više suve materije i minerala (naročito Fe, Mg i P), vitamina C, esencijalnih aminokiselina i ukupnih šećera, a zatim i fenolnih jedinjenja, dok namirnice životinjskog porekla sadrže i više nezasićenih masnih kiselina. Što se tiče nivoa proteina, on je uglavnom niži u organskim namirnicama. Dosadašnji naučni podaci ukazuju da postoji nedovoljan broj studija vezanih za ispitivanje nivoa vitamina, naročito b-karotena i vitamina B grupe. Organski proizvedeno voće i povrće (naročito jabuka, višnja, ribizla, šećerna repa, cvekla, šargarepa, spanać, kelj i krompir) sadrže viši nivo saharoze, kao i svih ukupnih šećera. Kada su u pitanju animalni proizvodi, dosadašnji dostupni podaci su nedovoljno dokumentovani usled različitog sistema uzgoja na farmama. Ipak, istraživanja dokazuju da kokošja jaja i kravlje mleko ne pokazuju značajne razlike u sadržaju proteina u odnosu na konvencionalno proizvedene, organski kravlji proizvodi sadrže manje lipida, dok meso organskih pilića ima znatno viši nivo gvožđa. Ipak, strogo propisanim pravilima sistem organske proizvodnje obezbeđuje proizvodnju hrane koja zadovoljava visoke standarde kvaliteta.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Dobijanje aminokiselinskih derivata avarona i tert-butilhinona i ispitivanje njihove biološke aktivnosti
- Author
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Sladić, Dušan, Novaković, Irena, Vujčić, Zoran, Stanojković, Tatjana, Vilipić, Jovana P., Sladić, Dušan, Novaković, Irena, Vujčić, Zoran, Stanojković, Tatjana, and Vilipić, Jovana P.
- Abstract
U okviru ove doktorske disertacije je sintetisana serija aminokiselinskih derivata seskviterpenskog hinona avarona, izolovanog iz morskog sunđera Dysidea avara, kao i model jedinjenja tert-butilhinona. Određena je in vitro antitumorska aktivnost svih jedinjenja prema humanim tumorskim ćelijskim linijama (HeLa, A549, Fem-X, K562, MDA-MB-453) i zdravoj MRC-5 ćelijskoj liniji. Utvrđeno je da aminokiselinski derivati avarona pokazuju jače dejstvo nego odgovarajući aminokiselinski derivati tert-butilhinona, sa IC50 vrednostima pojedinih derivata nižim od 10 μM. Rezultati analize ćelijskog ciklusa na HeLa ćelijama ukazuju da je apoptoza jedan od mogućih mehanizama dejstva derivata. Ispitan je uticaj kaspaza 3, 8 i 9 na ćelijsku smrt korišćenjem specifičnih kaspaznih inhibitora. Ispitano je i antimikrobno dejstvo derivata prema nizu Gram-pozitivnih i Gramnegativnih bakterija, kao i na tri soja gljivica, pri čemu je zabeležena vrlo dobra aktivnost derivata avarona. Ispitane su interakcije derivata sa biomakromolekulima. SDS gel-ektroforezom i masenom spektrometrijom je potvrđeno da sintetisana jedinjenja ne modifikuju lizozim. Spektrofotometrijskim ispitivanjima je zabeležena pojava hiperhromizma kao posledica interakcija između hinona i CT-DNA. Utvrđeno je da dolazi do smanjenja intenziteta fluorescencije interkalatora etidijum-bromida i boje Hoechst 33258 koja se vezuje u malu brazdu u kompleksu derivata sa CT-DNA. Spektri cirkularnog dihroizma su ukazali na izostanak interkalacije hinona u CT-DNA. Rezultati molekulskog modelovanja su sugerisali da se derivati smeštaju u malu brazdu DNA. Elektroforetska ispitivanja su potvrdila da ne dolazi do cepanja plazmida pUC19 u prisustvu derivata. Na kraju je utvrđen stepen antioksidativne aktivnosti dobijenih aminokiselinskih derivata hinona., In this doctoral dissertation, a series of amino acid derivatives of the sesquiterpene quinone avarone, isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea avara, as well as the model compund tert-butylquinone has been synthesized. In vitro cytotoxic activity of all compounds toward human cancer cell lines (HeLa, A549, Fem-X, K562, MDA-MB-453) and normal MRC-5 cell line was determined. It was found that the amino acid derivatives of avarone exhibit a stronger activity than the corresponding amino acid derivatives of tert-butylquinone, with IC50 values of some derivatives less than 10 μM. The results of the cell cycle analysis of HeLa cells indicate that apoptosis is one of the possible mechanisms of action of derivatives. The effect of caspases 3, 8, and 9 on cell death by using specific caspase inhibitors was examined. The antimicrobial effect of the derivatives on the panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as on three fungal species, were investigated, whereby very good activity of avarone derivatives was observed. Interactions of the derivatives with biomacromolecules were studied. SDS gelelectrophoresis and mass spectrometry confirmed the absence of modifications of lysozyme by any of the synthesized compounds. Spectrophotometric studies have recorded the occurrence of hyperchromism as a result of interactions between the quinone and CT-DNA. The quenching of the fluorescence of the intercalator ethidium bromide and of the minor groove binder Hoechst 33258 in the complex with CT-DNA by the derivatives was determined. Circular dichroism spectra demonstrated a nonintercalative binding mode of the quinone derivatives to CT-DNA. The results of molecular modeling suggested that the derivatives bind to the minor groove. The electrophoretic pattern showed no cleavage of the pUC19 plasmid in the presence of any derivatives. Finally, the degree of antioxidant activity of the obtained amino acid derivatives of the quinones was determined.
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- 2017
48. Synthesis of 4,6-dimethyl-3-cyano-2-pyridone catalysed by amino acids
- Author
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Prlainović, Nevena, Šekuljica, Nataša, Mirković, Jelena M., Mijin, Dušan, Prlainović, Nevena, Šekuljica, Nataša, Mirković, Jelena M., and Mijin, Dušan
- Abstract
In this work the synthesis of 4,6-dimethyl-3-cyano-2-pyridone catalyzed by amino acids was studied. In the first part of the work, the optimization was carried out by varying the initial concentration of glycine, the molar ratio of the reactants (acetylacetone and cyanoacetamide) and the reaction time. It has been found that it is necessary to heat the reaction mixture and that the optimum concentration of the amino acid is 0.2 mmol cm-3. It was also found that the optimal concentration of cyanoacetamide is 3.0 mmol cm-3 (molar ratio cyanoacetamide: acetyl acetone = 3:1), and that the reaction time is 24 h. In the second part of the work, the influence of the structure of 19amino acids on the yield of 4,6- dimethyl-3-cyano-2-pyridone was investigated, using the optimal reaction conditions. It was found that the highest yield was achieved with arginine (almost 90%) and than with histidine (about 85%). With the most of other amino acid the yield was 50-60%. ., U okviru rada prikazana je sinteza 4,6-dimetil-3-cijano-2-piridona katalizovana aminokiselinama. U prvom delu izvršena je optimizacija reakcije sinteze piridona varirajući početnu koncentraciju glicina, molski odnos reaktanata (acetilacetona i cijanoacetamida) i reakciono vreme. U drugom delu rada ispitan je uticaj strukture još 18 aminokiselina na prinos 4,6-dimetil-3-cijano-2-piridona. Najveći prinosi ostvareni su sa argininom (90%) i histidinom (85%) kao katalizatorima. .
- Published
- 2017
49. Development and validation of the kinetic method for the determination of cysteine using sequential injection analysis with spectrophotometric detector : diploma thesis
- Author
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Pauk, Renata and Kukoč Modun, Lea
- Subjects
amino acids ,aminokiseline ,slijedna analiza injektiranjem ,cistein ,spectrophotometry ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Farmacija ,spektrofotometrija ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Pharmacy ,cysteine ,sequential injection analysis - Abstract
Primjenom slijedne analize injektiranjem uz spektrofotometrijski detektor razvijena je i vrednovana kinetička metoda određivanja cisteina. Kinetička metoda se temelji na redoks reakciji gdje cistein kao reducens, reducira zeleni bakar(II) neokuproin kompleks do bakar(I) neokuproin kompleksa. Formirani ţuto- narančasti bakar(I) neokuproin kompleks pokazuje apsorpcijski maksimum pri valnoj duljini od 458 nm. Optimalni parametri protočnog sustava određeni su univarijantnom metodom te je temeljem toga konstruirana krivulja umjeravanja. Linearnost je postignuta u području koncentracija cisteina od 6,0 × 10 −7 do 8,0 × 10 −5 mol L −1 uz jednadţbu pravca: y = 3690,4 x + 0,0019 i korelacijski koeficijent R 2 = 0,9997, te su određene granica dokazivanja od 1,8 × 10 −7 mol L −1 i granica određivanja od 6,0 × 10 −7 mol L −1 . Provjeren je i utjecaj pratećih tvari koje se uobičajeno nalaze u sastavu farmaceutskih pripravaka te nije zabiljeţen njihov interferirajući učinak na određivanje analita. Vrednovanje metode provedeno je ispitivanjem ponovljivosti signala uz relativno standardno odstupanje od 3,35 % te zadovoljavajuće iskoristivosti, odnosno točnosti metode. Using the sequential injection analysis with the spectrophotometric detector, the kinetic method for the determination of cysteine was developed and validated. The kinetic method is based on redox reaction where cysteine as a reductant, reduces green copper(II) neocuproine complex to copper(I) neocuproine complex. The formated yellow-orange copper(I) neocuproine complex shows an absorption maximum at wavelength of 458 nm. The optimum parameters of the flow system were determined by a univariate method and as a result the calibration curve was constructed. Linearity was achieved for the concentration range from 6.0 10 7 mol L 1 to 8.0 10 5 mol L 1 and it was described with the equation y = 3690.4 x + 0.0019 and correlation coefficient R 2 = 0.9997. The calculated limit of detection is 1.8 10 -7 mol L -1 and the limit of quantification is 6.0 10 7 mol L 1 . The influence of foreign substances commonly found in the composition of the pharmaceutical preparations was also examined, and no interfering effect on the analyte was noted. Validation of the method was performed by examining the repeatability of the signal with a relative standard deviation of 3.35%, and satisfactory recovery of method, or accuracy of the method.
- Published
- 2017
50. Infulence of diferent amino acids on spontanouse precipitation of calcium phosphates
- Author
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Erceg, Ina and Dutour Sikirić, Maja
- Subjects
kalcijevi fosfati ,aminokiseline, biomineralizacija, kalcijevi fosfati, spontano taloženje ,amino acids ,aminokiseline ,spontano taloženje ,spontaneous precipitation ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Kemija ,biomineralization ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Chemistry ,biomineralizacija ,calcium phosphates - Abstract
Međudjelovanje malih organskih molekula i/ili makromolekula s anorganskim kristalima važno je za razumijevanje procesa taloženja u prirodi. Između različitih biominerala, kalcijevi fosfati privlače posebnu pažnju zbog uloge u biološkoj i patološkoj mineralizaciji i industrijskim procesima. U novije vrijeme, istraživanja utjecaja aditiva na nastajanje kalcijevih fosfata uglavnom su usmjerena na proteine. Iako su opći principi tih međudjelovanja poznati, uloga pojedinih aminokiselina nije još do kraja razjašnjena. Cilj ovoga rada je istraživanje utjecaja aminokiselina koje pri fiziološkim uvjetima imaju bočne ogranke različitih naboja: fenilalanina (nenabijen), asparaginske kiseline (negativno nabijen), asparagina (polaran, nenabijen), serina (polaran, nenabijen) i lizina (pozitivno nabijen). Napredovanje taloženja kalcijevih fosfata praćeno je potenciometrijski, što je omogućilo određivanje vremena indukcije. Nastali talog analiziran je infracrvenom spektroskopijom s Fourierovom transformacijom, pretražnom elektronskom mikroskopijom, transmisijskom elektronskom mikroskopijom i difrakcijom rendgenskih zraka na praškastom uzorku. Dobiveni rezultati ukazali su da utjecaj aminokiselina na svojstva kalcijevih fosfata ovisi o naboju njihovog bočnog ogranka. Mechanisms of interaction between soluble small organic molecules and/or macromolecules with inorganic crystals are of major importance for crystallization processes in nature. Among different biogenic crystals, calcium phosphates attract attention due to their role in the normal and pathological mineralization, as well as in industrial processes. Recent investigations of the influence of additives on the formation of calcium phosphates are mostly focused on protein and their building blocks, amino acids. Althought general principles of these interactions are known, the role of specific amino acids is still unclear. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of amino acids with side chains of different properties at physiological conditions: phenylalanine (uncharged, hydrophobic), aspartic acid (negatively charged), arginine (uncharged, polar), serine (uncharged, polar) and lysine (positively charged). The progress of precipitation was followed potentiometrically, which enabled determination of induction time. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder x - ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used for characterization of the precipitates. Given results show the influence of amino acids on properties of calcium phosphates. The obtain resultes show that the infuence of amino acids on calcium phosphates’ properties dependes on the charge of their side chain.
- Published
- 2017
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