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This research aims to understand the dynamic capabilities required to generate innovations in small businesses operating in contexts with a lack of innovation support institutions. A multiple case study was conducted with five small businesses in the same context. Results indicate that, despite the absence of institutional support, companies develop specific dynamic capabilities for innovation. The study highlights the roles of the manager, resources, suppliers, and customers as key elements in overcoming environmental challenges. It concludes that the interpretation of the environment in the dynamic capability's theory influences innovation outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methodology: Institutional Theory and the National Business System approach were used to propose the research hypotheses. The work evaluated 1,072 companies from the 10 largest economies in the world, using econometric models and statistical analysis. Purpose: Investigate the effect of the national business system on the disclosure of greenhouse gases by companies from the largest economies in the world. Findings: The results indicate that institutional factors, such as the political, financial and cultural systems affect the disclosure of greenhouse gases. Thus, institutional pressure from countries can determine the environmental performance of their firms. However, the results showed that the country's level of development is not an explanatory variable for the disclosure of atmospheric emissions. Practical implications: The research presents the impact of formal and informal institutions on the disclosure practices of companies, suggesting that policy makers could influence it by strengthening certain institutional aspects. Originality/Value: Although there is an increasing volume of research on the disclosure of corporate social responsibility, few studies are dedicated to comparing the disclosure of greenhouse gases in the light of the national business system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Avances en PsicologÍa Latinoamericana is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agronomía & Ambiente is the property of Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agronomía & Ambiente is the property of Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El propósito de la investigación fue desarrollar una escala para medir el constructo de ajuste a la vida universitaria. El modelo teórico del constructo se basó en tres dimensiones: académica, social e institucional y con un diseño correlacional se utilizaron diversas técnicas para recolectar las evidencias de validez. La muestra principal estuvo conformada por 673 estudiantes: 42,1% mujeres, 57,7% hombres y 0,3% otro, con un promedio de 18,29 años. En el primer análisis se encontraron evidencias asociadas al contenido de las dimensiones de la escala denominada AjusteU. En el análisis de validez convergente se encontró una correlación de 0,582 a un nivel de significancia del 0.01 (bilateral) con el instrumento CAVU, otra medida que está teóricamente relacionada con el ajuste a la vida universitaria. En el tercer análisis se validó el planteamiento teórico con los datos empíricos mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Finalmente, en el análisis predictivo se comprobó que la puntuación de la escala AjusteU se asoció significativamente con el rendimiento del primer periodo universitario. La principal conclusión es que estas evidencias de validez y confiabilidad permiten un uso adecuado de los resultados, especialmente, en la toma de decisiones oportunas para favorecer el proceso de transición de secundaria a la educación superior.

Este estudo tem por objetivo responder a seguinte questão de pesquisa: Como a cultura nacional afeta a divulgação ambiental nas economias liberais? Vários estudos anteriores mostraram que as instituições formais, como as características do governo, o sistema financeiro do país, influenciam a divulgação ambiental. No entanto, ainda há uma lacuna na literatura sobre como as instituições informais (a cultura do país) podem influenciar o comportamento das empresas. Os resultados deste estudo proporcionam uma sólida compreensão da divulgação ambiental nas economias liberais. Nessas economias, é usual que as empresas estejam mais interessadas em divulgar informações financeiras e de governança. Assim, analisar a divulgação ambiental nessas empresas apresenta um ganho adicional para a literatura. Os gestores podem usar nossos achados para compreender como a cultura do país pode influenciar seus negócios. A adoção das diretrizes de divulgação da Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) e a presença de um comitê de sustentabilidade na empresa podem ajudar as empresas a obterem melhor desempenho ambiental. Examinamos o nível de divulgação ambiental de uma amostra com 1.037 empresas sediadas na Austrália, no Canadá, na Irlanda, na Nova Zelândia, no Reino Unido e nos Estados Unidos da América (EUA) no período 2015-2018. Para mensurar a cultura nacional, usamos as dimensões culturais propostas por Hofstede (1983): distância do poder, individualismo, masculinidade, aversão à incerteza, orientação de longo prazo e indulgência. Nossos indícios mostram que a distância do poder, o individualismo e a masculinidade têm efeito positivo na divulgação ambiental. Os resultados mostram que em culturas com menor aversão à incerteza, as empresas divulgam mais informações ambientais. Nossos achados também mostram que as empresas que procedem à divulgação ambiental segundo as diretrizes da GRI divulgam mais informações sobre sustentabilidade. Os resultados mostram que setores como energia, materiais e serviços de utilidade pública apresentam maior divulgação ambiental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Multinational Companies (MNCs) can learn from their experience in host countries and develop an ability to deal with specific institutional inefficiencies. We advance that MNCs’ institutional capabilities, or the capabilities to deal with institutionally underdeveloped milieus, will likely lower the ownership requirements in subsequent deals. Method: Using regressions with a secondary dataset of 1,686 cross-border acquisitions (CBA) made by Latin American firms worldwide, we investigate how the MNCs’ priorly-acquired capabilities of operating in countries with underdeveloped regulatory quality, less effective rule of law, and lower corruption control lower the ownership acquired in subsequent acquisition deals. Main Results: We show that MNCs with experiences with CBA in countries with poor institutional contexts learn how to work in those contexts. Hence, these MNCs build capabilities that make them more likely to take a lower ownership stake in future CBAs. Relevance/ Originality: There is still much to be understood regarding the extent to which the knowledge developed in one country could be extrapolated and used in another country with similar problems. We delve into this matter with an institution-based view. Theoretical/ Methodological Contributions: This study thus contributes to a better understanding of the effect of MNCs’ institutional capabilities for operating in institutionally inefficient countries on the ownership stakes required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Education Policy Analysis Archives / Archivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas / Arquivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas is the property of Educational Policy Analysis Archives & Education Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar las causas de deserción estudiantil en la escuela de enfermería de la UTM se tomaran a consideración las variables sociodemográficas, académicas y personales de los estudiantes a la vez cumplir con el criterio ambiente institucional y actividad del sub-indicador del seguimiento y proceso de titulación solicitado por la CACES en el plan de mejora con la intención de realizar un seguimiento continuo ; disminuir el índice de deserción y abandono a través de intervenciones específicas alcanzables. Se realizará una investigación descriptiva de corte transversal, retrospectiva se calcular a su muestra significativa en el balance entre el listado de83 estudiantes matriculados en el primer nivel cohorte 2014, y otro listado de los inscritos en internado 2018-2019, se realizara un listado aparte de los estudiantes rezagado o no existentes en listado inicial al de internado, se aplicara una entrevista indirecta a través de vía telefónica se llenara una encuesta para identificar las variables sociodemográficas, académicas y personales.

Copyright of Brazilian Review of Economics & Agribusiness / Revista de Economia e Agronegócio is the property of Brazilian Review of Economics & Agribusiness / Revista de Economia e Agronegocio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Goal: We sought to understand how Brazilian franchise networks, in their internationalization strategy, deal with aspects of the political and legal institutional environment of a Middle Eastern country, knowing that the conditions that drive the diffusion of these networks do not always meet the most favorable profiles. desired for international expansion, such as geographic and cultural proximity, in addition to the existence of legislation that deals directly with franchising and the political stability of the region. Method: We used qualitative research of an explanatory nature and a single case study, represented by the Brazilian franchise chain Chilli Beans with operations in Kuwait. Main results: It was identified that even with important institutional distances, legal aspects are dealt with globally, political aspects can be mitigated based on the strategic choice of the local franchisee and the main attraction and continuity factor is taking advantage of market opportunities. Relevance / Originality: It was found that, although a franchise network operates in a country with large institutional distances, it is possible to reduce them through expansion strategies, such as the precise choice of the local franchisee, the governance mode that preserves the characteristics destination country, or even a business model that facilitates cross-border transactions. Theoretical contributions: Enrich internationalization theories from an institutional perspective, specifically for the political and legal dimensions and in regions with wide institutional distances, such as Kuwait in relation to Brazil. Managerial contributions: Subsidize the franchisor with strategic alternatives for choosing the mode of entry into foreign countries and highlight market opportunities in institutional environments different from the Brazilian one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo principal desta pesquisa consiste em compreender os fatores que influenciaram o processo decisório de uma universidade mineira na implementação da Lei de Cotas. Esse instrumento legal, instituído em 2012, assegura aos alunos que tenham cursado o ensino médio em escolas públicas, aos autodeclarados pretos e pardos, aos indígenas e às pessoas com deficiência reserva de vagas nas Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES). A Lei de Cotas alterou o formato institucional meritocrático de ingresso ao ensino e passou a “promover a democratização” no acesso às universidades federais (SOUSA; NASCIMENTO, 2019, p. 774). A base teórica desta dissertação fundamenta-se na Teoria Institucional Sociológica, com destaque para os elementos do ambiente institucional, os aspectos cultural-cognitivos, a legitimidade e o processo decisório na perspectiva institucional. No tópico “Lei de Cotas”, apoiou-se nas políticas públicas, evidenciando os agentes implementadores. Os principais componentes do referencial teórico foram agrupados em um esquema de referência conceitual, que configurou a condução da fase empírica desta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e descritiva. Adotou-se como método o estudo de caso, cujo lócus de análise foi a Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), em um recorte delimitado entre 2012 e 2020. A coleta de dados envolveu dois momentos: a análise documental e a realização de dez entrevistas com gestores universitários que ocupam ou ocuparam cargos na universidade, no âmbito do recorte proposto. Para a análise dos dados, eles foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, categorizados de forma alinhada com o esquema de referência conceitual, para, então, apresentar os resultados. Constatou-se que o ambiente institucional da UFMG incorporou regulamentações muito importantes, as quais proporcionaram profundas adaptações organizacionais, o que possibilitou que a implementação da Lei de Cotas transcorresse de forma estruturada. No processo decisório para a implementação, a UFMG adotou normativas em um panorama cultural-cognitivo prevalecente favorável à incorporação do mecanismo. O processo de adaptação organizacional às mudanças institucionais ainda transcorre. Ou seja, a institucionalização permanece dinâmica no tocante à compreensão do contexto social dos cotistas e à inclusão das pessoas com deficiência, não obstante as intercorrências ocasionadas pela pandemia. Em relação às contribuições desta pesquisa, a principal engloba o benefício social, pois irá compor a academia e proporcionar novas percepções no que diz respeito ao processo decisório universitário na implementação de elementos regulativos. Também, possibilitou a incorporação da perspectiva institucional na análise organizacional como uma proposta pertinente para explorar aspectos macro e micro em conjunto.

Las dinámicas de producción de conocimiento, derivadas de la actividad científica realizada en las instituciones de educación superior, han sido un fenómeno ampliamente estudiado desde mediados del siglo XX. En Colombia, el análisis de las capacidades que desarrollan las universidades para la investigación ha cobrado importancia en los últimos treinta años como consecuencia de la intención de fortalecer su sistema nacional de ciencia, tecnología e innovación, liderado por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. Este trabajo presenta una caracterización del profesorado con perfil investigador (condiciones institucionales y factores individuales) vinculados a universidades colombianas. Mediante un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, desarrollado en 2018, se aplicó un cuestionario autoadministrado a una muestra representativa de 379 docentes con perfil investigador, líderes de grupos de investigación, adscritos a diferentes universidades del país. El análisis de datos se realizó por medio de pruebas no paramétricas H Kruskal Wallis y U de Mann Whitney. Se encontró que algunas variables como el área disciplinar de formación del profesorado, el tipo de vinculación laboral a la universidad y las concepciones de la investigación que tiene están asociadas al tipo de crecimiento de la productividad científica que muestran las universidades. En este sentido, el estudio aporta evidencia empírica, tanto en las condiciones institucionales (estructura organizacional para la investigación y prácticas de gestión de la investigación) como en factores individuales, que explica la existencia de las diferencias en el desarrollo y consolidación de las dinámicas de producción científica en las universidades colombianas.

Objetivo: O estudo teve o objetivo de analisar a perspectiva dos expatriados sobre aspectos do ambiente institucional que influenciam suas condições de vida nos países hospedeiros. Método: Tratou-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, com dados secundários obtidos a partir do relatório HSBC Expat Explorer Broadening perspectives, publicado em 2017. Realizou-se análise de cluster, para agrupamento dos países sobre nove variáveis relativas aos aspectos econômicos, de experiência e de família. Validaram-se os resultados obtidos por meio de análise discriminante. Principais resultados: Constatou-se a existência de três agrupamentos, um com uma maior valorização dos aspectos de experiência, outro com valorização equivalente dos aspectos de experiência e econômicos e outro com maior valorização de aspectos de família. Relevância/originalidade: Como as condições de vida em outros países podem influenciar o ajustamento intercultural do expatriado e a duração da expatriação, podendo inclusive culminar em uma repatriação antecipada, esse estudo se faz relevante e original por relacionar temas que geralmente são estudados em separado: fatores institucionais dos países, condições de vida nos países e expatriação. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: O estudo amplia as discussões ao considerar a perspectiva dos expatriados sobre como os fatores institucionais dos países hospedeiros influenciam as condições de vida que terão alhures.

Copyright of Internext: Revista Electrônica de Negócios Internacionais da ESPM is the property of Associacao Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this research was to analyze the synergy between ecosystem services and beef production through scientific investigations. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature was made from the scientific publications on this subject. The results obtained demonstrate the emergence and exponential growth of this theme in the last decade. In addition, beef production was associated with ecosystem services through four main areas, namely: environmental impacts, land use changes, landscape aspects and institutional environment. In this perspective, it should be noted that the area of environmental impacts is being most explored in the scientific environment, in addition to having a direct influence on the institutional environment through the formation of regulations and indicators that help in the process of evaluating economic and ecological benefits. Thus, the investigations denote the efforts made by the researchers, in order to modify and implement restrictions so that the ecosystem resources are used rationally in the production of cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“Cafés do Brasil” has many aromas, flavors, and experiences to be explored in the market. However, the dynamics valorization takes place in different contexts of production and coordination. The objective of this work was to identify the implications of different contexts of production and coordination on the institutionalization of “Cafés do Brasil” brand. Through content analysis, it was sought to capture resources and essential skills used in the strategic orientations from advertisements and from other information on sites of the collective organizations. The information was analyzed in Iramuteq software. It was observed that cooperatives are the driving force for new skills and capacities. It has built a coordination structure aimed at the defense of the local cafes in the market. This structure places producers and managers on a more accentuated learning curve that guides the building of strategies based on local resources. The diversity of contexts shows possibilities of links, strategies, concerns that guide actions and decisions, making it impossible to adopt a single marketing strategy for the whole chain.

El presente artículo acude a la narrativa para mostrar las complejas relaciones que rodean la configuración del ser docente desde las experiencias vividas, en las cuales el maestro, el contexto socio-cultural, los saberes, el ambiente institucional y los sujetos estudiantes constituyen líneas que se cruzan, se tejen y se redefinen. En este proceso, la formación que el maestro ha recibido es resignificada y reconfigurada, en un proceso continuo de reelaboración y problematización.

Globally, increasing number of fruits and vegetables are being consumed to maintain healthy eating habits. Family farming plays a crucial role in fruits and vegetables production; products are marketed in supply chains, which are increasingly demanding, diversified, and complex. Participation of the family farms in each of these supply chains is subject to their ability to meet the increasingly strict participation criteria. In this context, this study identified the main factors that affect the participation of the family farmers in the supermarket supply chains for fresh fruits and vegetables. A systematic literature review was conducted, covering the period from 2005 to 2019. Results indicated eleven variables that affect the participation of the fruits and vegetables family farms in the supermarket supply chains. These variables were grouped in an analytical framework, which comprised four factors: characteristics of the producer, characteristics of the farm, institutional aspects, and available infrastructure. This framework is useful for the development and implementation of the public and private policies for successful participation of fruits and vegetables family farmers in supermarket supply chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to analyze the attractiveness of the markets in the inland of Brazil to franchise chains based on the characteristics of institutional environment, referring to the socioeconomic, geographical, and human resources dimensions. Originality/value: Interiorization is a theme that has been hardly explored in franchise chains’ growth strategies. This paper contributes to this debate through the institutional theoretical perspective, contributing to the clarification and ordering of the decision-making factors for the regional expansion of franchises. For regional development, it calls for municipal management to direct actions aimed at socioeconomic development and human resources. Design/methodology/approach: The quantitative method using secondary data - from Brazilian Association of Franchising (Associação Brasileira de Franchising [ABF]), Brazilian Association of Shopping Centers (Associação Brasileira de Shopping Centers [Abrasce]), Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística [IBGE]) and Google Maps - was employed in this study for the analysis of franchise location and for municipalities. The sample comprised 458 municipalities with a populaion of above 50 thousand inhabitants. The statistical techniques used were factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. Findings: The results show that the socioeconomic and human resources factors of the municipalities are essential for the attractiveness of franchises chains to the inland of the country. In turn, the geographical distance of the inland municipality in relation to the state capital did not present adherence to the model as an explanation for the attraction of franchises. / Objetivo: O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a atratividade dos mercados do interior do Brasil para as redes de franquias, considerando as características do ambiente institucional referente às dimensões socio­econômica, geográfica e de recursos humanos. Originalidade/valor: A interiorização é um tema pouco explorado nas estratégias de crescimento das redes de franquias. Por meio da perspectiva teórica institucional, o artigo contribui para esse debate ao esclarecer e ordenar os fatores de tomada de decisão para a expansão regional das redes de franquias. Da mesma forma, contribui para o desenvolvimento regional ao instigar a gestão municipal para o direcionamento de ações voltadas para desenvolvimento socioeconômico e de recursos humanos. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, com dados secundários - da Associação Brasileira de Franchising (ABF), Associação Brasileira de Shopping Centers (Abrasce), Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e do site Google Maps - tanto para a análise da localização das unidades franqueadas como dos municípios. Para a amostra foram selecionados 458 municípios com população acima de 50 mil habitantes. Utilizou-se a técnica estatística de análise fatorial e de análise de regressão múltipla. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que os fatores socioeconômico e de recursos humanos dos municípios são primordiais para a atratividade das redes de franquias no interior do país. Por sua vez, a distância geográfica do município do interior em relação à capital do estado não apresentou aderência ao modelo explicativo para a atração das redes de franquias.

Este artigo teve como base um recorte metodológico de um estudo cujo objetivo foi avaliar em que medida o ambiente institucional contribuiu para o desenvolvimento dos cafés especiais no município de Carmo de Minas, região sudeste do Brasil. A presente pesquisa se baseou em uma abordagem qualitativa, uma vez que o levantamento dos dados considerou a percepção das pessoas entrevistadas acerca do fenômeno estudado, sendo caracterizada como bibliográfica e documental. Como resultado, verificou-se que o modo como os atores locais se organizaram permitiu o aprimoramento da qualidade dos cafés e possibilitou a obtenção do registro da indicação geográfica-IG. Neste viés, as instituições locais desempenharam um papel importante, pois a cooperativa e a associação de produtores têm participação em toda a cadeia produtiva do café. Observou-se, ainda, que as melhorias e as normas instituídas no processo de produção e comercialização do café possibilitaram aos produtores rurais o acesso a mercados mais sofisticados, gerando mais rentabilidade e, em consequência, o desenvolvimento local.

Motivated by globalization, the internationalization of Brazilian franchise chains to emerging countries has grown in recent decades. This internationalization provided opportunities for expansion for companies in this segment through business in foreign markets. The objective of this article is to identify, in the institutional environment of the destination countries of Brazilian franchise chains, the legal characteristics that are determinant in their internationalization strategies for emerging markets. The methodology used was the multiple case study, with a sample of three internationalized Brazilian franchise chains. The results indicated that the legal environment has relevance in the internationalization of franchise chains, but also indicated the existence of other factors that generate security and confidence and motivated the effective selection of emerging markets. Thus, in the choice of an emerging country for internationalization, the chain seek guarantees in the formal market relations, but, due to the institutional fragility of emerging markets, they also seek guarantees in informal institutions.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as características do ambiente institucional do Brasil que dificultam a internacionalização das empresas brasileiras. O alcance deste objetivo se torna possível através da análise da relação entre a tributação brasileira e a baixa internacionalização das empresas nacionais; e da relação entre a infraestrutura brasileira e a baixa internacionalização dessas empresas nacionais. A base teórica adotada engloba as teorias de internacionalização e a visão baseada em instituições. Para viabilizar este estudo, utilizam-se os dados da pesquisa Enterprise Surveys da agência International Finance Corporation (IFC), do Banco Mundial, realizada em 2009. A pesquisa realizada confirmou que os obstáculos associados à questão da tributação brasileira são mais percebidos e enfrentados por empresas brasileiras internacionalizadas do que as não internacionalizadas. Isto pode ser justificado pelo fato das empresas internacionalizadas terem vivenciado essas dificuldades e aprendido a lidar com esses obstáculos para poder realizar suas atividades, enquanto que as não internacionalizadas, por ainda não realizarem atividades no exterior, não conseguem perceber da mesma forma esses obstáculos da tributação. Já os obstáculos da infraestrutura nacional implicam na atuação tanto de empresas não internacionalizadas quanto de internacionalizadas, mostrando que esta barreira afeta ambas de forma similar.

Brazil is a player in the global coffee chain. However, coordination efforts are needed. Given the complexity of the product, and differentiation as an alternative for small producers, this study aimed to describe the mechanisms for measuring specialty coffees by analyzing the purchase and sale transactions between producers and an exporter in Brazil. Supported by the Economics of Measurement Costs, this qualitative research involved interviews with an exporter and observation with producers of specialty coffees. As results, the complexity of the measurement is highlighted, performed in four stages - evaluation of humidity, physical appearance and olfactory and sensorial. It was observed that the inherent variability of the product implies the need for measurement and re-measurement throughout the process and the chain. Measurement is supported, in the first three stages, in the Brazilian institutional environment, and in the fourth stage in an international protocol. On the one hand, the institutional environment is important for balancing transactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed at analyzing the positioning, contribution, or limitation of the formal Brazilian institutional environment regarding the creation, promotion and implementation of Solidary Economic Enterprises and Social Technologies. The path used to carry out this research was the triangulation among documentary research, literature review and former empirical research results. We found that the formal Brazilian institutional environment has not provided the necessary elements for the strengthening of Solidary Economic Enterprises and Social Technologies. It, therefore, constitutes a space that is not very developed in the face of the existence of such organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Trabalho & Educação is the property of Work & Education of the Graduate Program, Faculty of Education, Federal University of Minas Gerais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El uso de la etnografía en el análisis de la experiencia escolar provee de mayor claridad sobre la efectividad de las acciones institucionales dirigidas a la mejora educativa. Al momento su uso se ha limitado a la descripción detallada del comportamiento del estudiante dentro y fuera del aula. En respuesta este trabajo pretende otorgarle un uso integral con vistas a complementar los enfoques cuantitativos comunes en el área. Así, el propósito principal es bosquejar el uso de la etnografía institucional como una alternativa metodológica en la investigación educativa por medio del uso de varias herramientas e instrumentos cualitativos y cuantitativos.

Different countries have different institutional environments. In this way, multinational companies must deal with the difficulties imposed by the differences between their home environment and that of the country where they are inserted. In this article, we analyze the effects of institutional distance on South-South acquisitions. Specifically, we analyze the effect of institutional distance on the amount of participation chosen in Latin American international acquisitions in Brazil. More specifically, the effect of institutional distance is analyzed through the percentage of shares acquired in international acquisitions. Our results contribute to the theory in international business because it explains why Latin American companies prefer to make total acquisitions even in situations of high institutional distances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The objective of this work was to point out some aspects of convergence and divergence among some authors established in the field of institutionalism that analyzed the role of institutions in society and its evolution through time. Specifically, it aims at identifying how the nature, functioning, and evolution of institutions are portrayed. It is a theoretical research, having as a field of analysis the selection of recurrent texts in (neo) institutionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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pesquisa em negócios internacionais aponta para o ambiente institucional como um determinante crucial da capacidade de os países atraírem investimento estrangeiro direto (IED). No entanto, a pesquisa existente tem estado mais focada em compreender o ambiente institucional específico de economias emergentes e em transição deixando descurados os países africanos. Neste artigo analisamos o impacto de seis dimensões institucionais selecionadas na capacidade de os países da África Subsaariana atraírem influxos de IED. Os resultados mostram que a qualidade do ambiente institucional está positivamente relacionada com o IED nestes países, confirmando estudos anteriores em outras localizações, mas mostrando algumas diferenças notáveis. Estendemos a pesquisa existente sobre os ambientes e distâncias institucionais para contextos de extrema sub-institucionalização que caracterizam muita da região da África Subsaariana.

The objective of this theoretical essay is to analyze the influence of the institutional environment, highlighting the institutional factors, its means facing to rules of game forward to production and commercialization of electricity, coming from the biomass of sugarcane, as a good renewable energy. Thus, a review of the literature was made under the theoretical contribution of the New Institutional Economy - NEI that addresses the role of institutions. This study is relevant as long as Brazilian energetic matrix is undergoing a transition period, in another word, it's being restructuring, so that alternative renewable sources make up the supply of the electric matrix that is still dependent on fossil fuels. It's known the complex impacts are caused by fossil fuels. This is an exploratory, descriptive and qualitative approach. It was found that the performance of organizations is influenced by the institutional environment and the organization decision can also influence the rules of the game. It is concluded that the production and commercialization goal in domestic and international markets of renewable energies, depend directly on global and regional policies of production and commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Este estudo visou analisar a contribuição dos aspectos técnicos e institucionais da comédia no estado do Ceará, em uma inovação social bem sucedida. Neste trabalho, sucesso foi definido à luz dos critérios teóricos elencados por Neumeier (2012): adoção da nova ação por novos atores, aceitação do grupo e a geração de uma melhoria tangível. A inovação social é um tema que ganha destaque internacionalmente, mas carece de aprofundamento teórico e empírico. Na pesquisa, quinze entrevistas foram realizadas com atores sociais desse campo e 67,4% dos humoristas em atividade no Ceará foram pesquisados com questionários. Os resultados demonstraram que a comédia no Ceará tipifica o processo de inovação social, evidenciando os aspectos técnicos e institucionais considerados condicionantes de sucesso. Contudo, o campo apresentou nível intermediário de isomorfismo.

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Ethnography provides a clear-cut vision about the effectiveness of institutional actions for school improvement based on the school experience analysis. At this moment, the use of ethnography as a qualitative method has been reduced through the description of the student behavior inside and outside the classroom. As an alternative, this paper aims to give a holistic use of ethnography as a complement to quantitative approaches in educative research. Thus, the main purpose is to outline the use of institutional ethnography as a methodological alternative in educational research through the use of various qualitative and quantitative instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este ensaio teórico tem por objetivo propor a autonomia como construto integrante de modelos estratégicos de gestão de pessoas em organizações públicas federais. O ambiente institucional, a estrutura e a cultura em organizações públicas podem oferecer restrições à autonomia de unidades de gestão de pessoas para o alinhamento de seus processos à estratégia organizacional. Nessa perspectiva, propõe-se a investigação de fatores ambientais de natureza formal e informal que condicionam as práticas de gestão de pessoas. Uma agenda de pesquisa é proposta visando a uma abordagem da gestão de pessoas mais adequada à realidade do setor público federal.