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The semi‐hydrogenation of terminal alkynes is achieved with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as the reductant and palladium nanowires (PdNWs) as the catalysts under ambient conditions. The reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of only 0.32 mol % of PdNWs, giving the hydrogenated products with up to 98 % overall yields, in which 97 % are semi‐hydrogenated products. Under the optimal reaction conditions, both aromatic and aliphatic terminal alkynes have been successfully converted to the corresponding olefins with high efficiency and good selectivity. This method promotes the hydrogenation of terminal alkynes under mild conditions and opens up a window for the application of metal nanowires in organic syntheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient separation of photocarriers and facile generation of superoxide radicals are crucial for enhancing the performance of photocatalysts in the selectively photo‐oxidizing 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF). Herein, a ZnIn2S4/CeO2 composite with S‐scheme heterojunction and sulfur vacancies (SV) is successfully developed through a one‐step hydrothermal method. The optimal catalyst (SV‐ZnIn2S4/CeO2) exhibits excellent catalytic activity with 100% conversion of HMF and 96.1% selectivity of DFF in 80 min under ambient conditions, the production rate of DFF is up to 952.6 µmol g−1 h−1. Intriguingly, the performance remains significant even when the concentration of HMF is increased from 8 to 100 mм. Experimental and theoretical investigations discover that the synergistic effect of S‐scheme heterojunction and sulfur vacancies contribute to the separation of photocarriers and the activation of oxygen, which facilitate the generation of superoxide radicals, thus boosting the catalytic oxidation reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technology of additive manufacturing has advantages for prototyping. In certain instances, it may be preferable to use 3D-printed components as the primary component making it essential for these components to have sufficient mechanical properties. Therefore, the effect of ambient conditions on the mechanical properties of these components can be quite significant. In this study, the effect of different ambient conditions on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed PLA parts was investigated. Three specific conditions were considered for this purpose: hot-dry air, hot water, and cold-dry air. Standard samples were fabricated using a 3D-printer and then subjected to the aforementioned environments for 30-min before being tested with a universal testing device. The yield strength, maximum strength, elastic modulus, and toughness values were obtained from the resulting stress–strain graphs of the printed components. The study revealed that ambient conditions significantly affect the mechanical strength of PLA components. Notably, the components retained their tensile strength in cold and dry environments, whereas their mechanical properties deteriorated under wet conditions. Additionally, cold conditions appeared to enhance the mechanical properties of the printed components. In conclusion, it was determined that variable ambient conditions can either degrade or improve the mechanical properties of PLA-printed components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traditional blockchains used in IoT applications are prone to limitations and weaknesses as a result of their unchangeable nature. In contrast, contextual blockchain adjusts its behaviour dynamically by including real-time environmental characteristics such as temperature, humidity, and location. The aforementioned dynamic technique improves the dependability, expandability, and accuracy of data in IoT networks. Objective: The article aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of Contextual Blockchain, including its structure, methods of reaching agreement, and practical applications. This article explores many scenarios where the adaptability of Contextual Blockchain provides benefits, such as in supply chain management, environmental monitoring, and smart cities. Methodology: The article examines the privacy and security elements of Contextual Blockchain, with a specific emphasis on its ability to reduce new cyber dangers in the Internet of Things. By conducting the empirical study, we illustrate how ambient circumstances may actively enhance the optimisation of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), hence improving the context awareness, security, and efficiency of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Results: Contextual Blockchain provides a viable solution for incorporating blockchain technology into the Internet of Things (IoT), effectively addressing several obstacles that conventional blockchain solutions encounter in IoT settings. Conclusion: Contextual Blockchain offers a unique method to enhance the interoperability between blockchain technology and the Internet of Things (IoT), leading to new opportunities for breakthroughs in security and innovation in many sectors. This study contributes significantly to the development of a more secure and efficient future by emphasising the need for flexibility and context-awareness in the constantly evolving field of Internet of Things (IoT) technology.

Herein, for the first time, we report the controlled preparation of AlOOH/rGO with strong adsorption capacity for transition metal cations, and then in-situ conversion to CoAl-LDHs/rGO, NiAl-LDHs/rGO and FeAl-LDHs/rGO hybrids. The as-fabricated CoAl-LDHs/rGO hybrids behave an overpotential as low as 368 mV at the current density of 100 mA/cm2, with a low Tafel slope of 43.2 mV/dec. Moreover, under AM 1.5G illumination, their solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency of photoelectrochemical system achieves ∼11.61%, with robust operation stability up to 24 h, representing their promise toward practical applications as advanced OER catalysts. [Display omitted] Transition-metal-based layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are emerging as one of the most promising candidates with superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. However, their fabrication under mild conditions remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose a low-cost, high-production-rate strategy for controlled preparation of AlOOH/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with strong adsorption capacity for transition metal cations, and then in-situ conversion to CoAl-LDH/rGO, NiAl-LDH/rGO and FeAl-LDH/rGO under ambient conditions. Based on Density Functional Theory calculations, it is witnessed that the rational electronic coordination between Co and Al enables the charge absorption by surrounding oxygen atoms, thereby playing a critical role in reducing the adsorption free energy and overpotential of OER intermediates toward efficient OER. Consequently, the resultant CoAl-LDH/rGO hybrids exhibit an overpotential of just 368 mV at the current density of 100 mA/cm2, with a low Tafel slope of 43.2 mV/dec. Moreover, under Air Mass 1.5 Global (AM 1.5G) illumination, their solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency of photoelectrochemical system achieves ∼ 11.61 %, with robust operation stability up to 24 h, demonstrating great potential for practical applications as advanced OER catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the influence of color temperature and illuminance of ambient light on the accuracy of different intraoral scanners (IOSs) in complete‐arch implant scans. Methods: An edentulous model with six implants and scan bodies was digitized by using a laboratory scanner (DW‐7‐140; Dental Wings) to obtain a reference mesh. Fifteen scans were performed employing two intraoral scanners (Trios 4;3Shape A/S and i700; Medit Co) at two illuminances (500 and 1000 lux) and three color temperatures (3200, 4400, and 5600 K). Scanning accuracy was measured by using a 3D metrology software program (Geomagic Control X). Kruskal–Wallis, one‐way ANOVA, and pairwise comparison tests were used to analyze the data (α =.05). Results: Significant differences in trueness and precision values were found among the different IOSs under the same ambient lighting condition and among the different lighting conditions for a given IOS (p <.05) except for trueness in i700 groups (p >.05). Conclusions: The influence on the accuracy of color temperature and illuminance varied depending on the intraoral scanner. An optimal ambient scanning light condition was not found; this should be adjusted based on the specific IOS system used. 3200 K of ambient light influences the precision of i700 when performed at 1000 lux, decreasing the accuracy. The variation of color temperature at the same illuminance does not affect the scanning accuracy of TRIOS 4, which obtained better accuracy in all scans at 1000 lux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) of FeNi-BDC and FeNi-BDC-NH2 (BDC, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) with similar Fe/Ni molar ratio, crystal structure, porosity and thermal stability were synthesized by a solvothermal method. The results of adsorption experiments at ambient conditions showed that the adsorptive uptake of NO, CO2, O2 and N2 on FeNi-BDC were all very small under different adsorption partial pressures, with FeNi-BDC displaying a weak adsorption property because of its lack of unsaturated adsorption sites. On the contrary, at 100 kPa, the adsorption of NO by FeNi-BDC-NH2 was considerably higher than that by FeNi-BDC, indicating that the incorporation of NH2 on the ligand could effectively enhance the adsorption of NO. The adsorption capacity of FeNi-BDC-NH2 for NO reached 142.17 cm3 g−1, which was considerably higher than its capacity for CO2, O2 and N2 under the same conditions. Ideal Adsorption Solution Theory simulations calculated the adsorption selectivity for NO/CO2 and NO/O2 under a mixed atmosphere to reach 1325 and 13,346 respectively, demonstrating high adsorption selectivity. Through in situ infrared experiments and calculations of the enthalpy of adsorption, it was demonstrated that FeNi-BDC-NH2 adsorbed NO because NO can combine with NH2 in the material to form a NONOate structure. A preliminarily exploration of the mechanism of NO adsorption and the influence of NH2 functional groups on the adsorption and separation of NO revealed that the selectivity of adsorption was closely related to the variability of the enthalpy of adsorption. This also provided a new strategy for the adsorption and separation of NO in the flue gas environment. The bimetallic metal–organic frameworks of FeNi-BDC and FeNi-BDC-NH2 (BDC, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) with similar Fe/Ni molar ratio, crystal structure, porosity and thermal stability were synthesized by a solvothermal method. FeNi-BDC-NH2 demonstrated superior NO adsorption performance and high adsorption selectivity, indicating that the introduction of NH2 on the ligand can improve the adsorption capacity and selectivity of the material for NO, which also provides a new strategy for adsorption and separation of NO in a flue gas environment. (Image credit: Li Hao.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The depolymerization of polyethers is a sustainable yet challenging opportunity for a circular economy in materials processing. While we recently identified silicon Lewis superacids as promising catalysts for this transformation, limited scope (e. g. terminal OH groups not tolerated) and strict requirements for anhydrous conditions hampered wider applicability. In the present work, the impact of different polyether structures and reaction conditions were evaluated. By doing so, the generality for structural variations was confirmed and substantial improvements made the depolymerization feasible for large‐scale applications under ambient conditions. Based on systematic experimental screenings, a refined mechanistic model of the depolymerization process is developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conversion of methane under ambient conditions has attracted significant attention. Although advancements have been made using active oxygen species from photo‐ and electro‐ chemical processes, challenges such as complex catalyst design, costly oxidants, and unwanted byproducts remain. This study exploits the concept of contact‐electro‐catalysis, initiating chemical reactions through charge exchange at a solid–liquid interface, to report a novel process for directly converting methane under ambient conditions. Utilizing the electrification of commercially available Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) with water under ultrasound, we demonstrate how this interaction promote the activation of methane and oxygen molecules. Our results show that the yield of HCHO and CH3OH can reach 467.5 and 151.2 μmol ⋅ gcat−1, respectively. We utilized electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to confirm the evolution of hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) and superoxide radicals (⋅OOH). Isotope mass spectrometry (MS) was employed to analyze the elemental origin of CH3OH, which can be further oxidized to HCHO. Additionally, we conducted density functional theory (DFT) simulations to assess the reaction energies of FEP with H2O, O2, and CH4 under these conditions. The implications of this methodology, with its potential applicability to a wider array of gas‐phase catalytic reactions, underscore a significant advance in catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the effects of ambient conditions, food hygiene, standardization, and customer satisfaction on customer innovative service acceptance. The quantitative study draws upon data from 750 valid questionnaires completed by restaurant customers. The researchers applied partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using Smart PLS 4 to analyze the research model. A two-step method was followed to assess measurements and structural models. The salient PLS-SEM findings showed that ambient conditions, standardization, and food hygiene significantly affect customer satisfaction. Besides, the findings also acknowledged that customer satisfaction was mediating and significantly affected innovative service acceptance. This study has made a significant theoretical contribution to the innovative service literature by examining its antecedents in a single model and exploring the mediating role of customer satisfaction. The study’s findings indicate that restaurant managers should be concerned with innovative service and customer acceptance. The possession of innovative service expertise enables restaurants to offer distinctive and unforgettable experiences to their customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the impact of diesel and kerosene on the transient processes occurring in a micro-turbojet aviation engine. The experiments were conducted under two distinct ambient temperature conditions, 0 and 20 °C. Specifically, we analyzed the starting phase of the micro-engine while operating with kerosene and diesel at both ambient temperature settings. Comparative graphs were generated, and the starting time was meticulously examined. Subsequently, we constructed performance maps for the engine using both fuels and across the two ambient temperature scenarios. We then executed a transient process, comprising sudden acceleration and deceleration, under the aforementioned ambient temperature conditions and with both fuels. The fluctuations in temperature within the combustion chamber, thrust force, and fuel consumption are presented for both rapid acceleration and deceleration events. Furthermore, we conducted comparisons between the thrust force, fuel flow rate, combustion chamber temperature, and specific fuel consumption for the two fuels tested and under the two ambient temperature conditions, both during idle and at higher engine regimes. In the idle regime at 0 °C, the kerosene flow is about 0.78% higher than diesel, with the kerosene thrust approximately 1.92% greater. At 20 °C, the kerosene consumption rises by roughly 5.56% compared to diesel, while the thrust increases by about 1.38%. It was observed that at the maximum operating regime, at 0 °C, the kerosene flow exceeds diesel by around 6%, with the kerosene thrust slightly higher, by about 0.63%. At 20 °C, the kerosene consumption rises by roughly 13.19% compared to diesel, while the thrust increases by about 5.91%. In higher regimes, the kerosene consumption surpasses diesel, but the thrust increase is not significant. Thus, diesel's use as a fuel for the microturbo engine is justified due to its lower consumption at both 0 °C and 20 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Preserving the high pressure states and properties of large-sized materials under ambient conditions without external pressure loading devices is crucial for their practical applications. Here, we propose an approach to seal large-sized materials at high pressure within bulk diamond containers (BDCs) and preserve the high pressure states of the large-sized materials by recovering the BDC-sealed materials under ambient conditions. We have demonstrated that a reversible high-pressure BiIII phase with millimeter size could be preserved back to ambient conditions. This work opens a potential way to study the materials with relatively large structural feature sizes under the pressure of few GPa without external pressure loading devices.

Nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) could be a renewable replacement for the energy-intensive Haber–Bosch approach for synthesizing NH3. Hence, the electrocatalytic NRR powered by renewable energy sources under milder conditions as a green and sustainable approach for NH3 production has attracted excellent interest these days. In this approach, electrocatalysts act as the core of the NRR. However, developing efficient electrocatalysts is highly required for this method, as the existing electrocatalysts severely suffer with less activity and selectivity. Herein, we report a metal oxide, CeMo2O8, as an efficient electrocatalyst for NRR with a notable yield and FE of 55.7 μg h–1 mg–1cat and 48% at −0.50 V in 0.1 M HCl. The experimental observations of CeMo2O8 have proven that the synergistic interaction between Ce and Mo favors the Ce4+/Ce3+ redox cycle and thus increases the amount of Ce3+. The abundant oxygen vacancies in the synthesized electrocatalyst contribute to an elevated activity and selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preserving the high pressure states and properties of large-sized materials under ambient conditions without external pressure loading devices is crucial for their practical applications. Here, we propose an approach to seal large-sized materials at high pressure within bulk diamond containers (BDCs) and preserve the high pressure states of the large-sized materials by recovering the BDC-sealed materials under ambient conditions. We have demonstrated that a reversible high-pressure BiIII phase with millimeter size could be preserved back to ambient conditions. This work opens a potential way to study the materials with relatively large structural feature sizes under the pressure of few GPa without external pressure loading devices. The high pressure states of millimeter-sized materials and the reversible high-pessure phase have been preserved within bulk diamond containers under ambient conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A proposed system for a passive cooling technique of photovoltaic (PV) via desorption cooling and water harvesting using a silica gel layer is investigated numerically. The harvested water is discussed, and the performance of the desorption-cooled PV is compared with the naturally cooled PV cell. The silica gel layer provides the water needed for evaporative cooling, so the proposed system can be used where water does not exist. The system model is presented, solved using MATLAB, and validated. The impact of the ambient conditions (ambient temperature and relative humidity), solar intensity, and silica gel layer thickness on the PV performance and silica gel uptake are presented for constant conditions and transient input weather conditions. The findings show a considerable reduction in the cell temperature and an enhancement in the cell efficiency. Also, The harvested water quantities are obtained at different operating conditions and layer thicknesses. At constant input conditions, a maximum reduction in the average PV cell temperature of 16.18 °C and an efficiency enhancement of 8.76% are achieved using a silica gel layer of 1 cm thickness. In addition, the maximum harvested water is reported as 1.238 kg/m2 for 2 cm layer thickness. For transient input weather conditions, the same performance enhancement with a reduced daily average cell temperature of 7 °C and an efficiency enhancement of 4.8% is achieved at the different silica gel layer thicknesses during 13 hr of simulation. Also, the maximum harvested water is reported as 2.35 kg/m2 for 3 cm thickness. Increasing the silica gel layer thickness influences the cell performance adversely under constant operating conditions, while this effect vanishes for actual transient input weather conditions. In contrast, increasing the thickness layer can increase the harvested water, which depends on the incident flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2–(1H–1,2,4–Triazol–3–yl)phenol (CAT–1) was used as an organocatalyst for the coupling reaction of CO2 and epoxides at an ambient temperature and atmospheric CO2 pressure (1 bar). This compound has a structure in which a hydrogen bond donor, a hydrogen bond acceptor, and another hydrogen bond donor are adjacent in sequence in a molecule. The binary catalytic system of CAT–1/nBu4NI showed TON = 19.2 and TOF = 1.60 h−1 under 1 bar CO2 at room temperature within 12 h using 2–butyloxirane. Surprisingly, the activity of CAT–1, in which phenol and 1H–1,2,4–triazole are chemically linked, showed a much greater synergistic effect than when simply mixing the same amount of phenol and 1H–1,2,4–triazole under the same reaction conditions. In addition, our system showed a broad terminal and internal epoxide substrate scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air source heat pumps (ASHPs) are becoming an increasingly popular heating source for buildings. The paper presents an evaluation of the experimental data from ASHP operation during the heating season in Lithuania when the problem of the evaporator's surface freezing is visible. The performance of the air-towater heat pump is examined using energy and exergy analyses performed by a coefficient of performance (COP), COPCarnot, exergy efficiency, and primary energy ratio. Analysis results show that the existing difference between the ideal and actual operation of ASHP represents the demand to improve the performance of ASHP evaporator. The actual COP was from 3.5 to 4.7 times lower than the Carnot COP. At 0 °C and 95% humidity, the ASHP's performance was least favourable, with an average exergy efficiency of 0.21 and a COP of 1.49 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen serves as an important, clean energy carrier, which, however, has a challenge for its storage. Herein, we report the properties of ethylamine dehydrogenation (EDH) to acetonitrile under half-cell conditions and ethylamine electrolysis under full-cell conditions for fast, energy-efficient, ambient hydrogen release, which would couple with spontaneous acetonitrile hydrogenation to ethylamine for hydrogen uptake to realize hydrogen storage cycles under mild conditions. The influences of different reaction parameters on the EDH and ethylamine electrolysis properties are examined. The catalyst deactivation and regeneration mechanisms are investigated with aid of in situ ATR-FTIR characterizations. As fast as 309 μmol/h H 2 production rate with 97% faradaic efficiency (FE) from cathode and acetonitrile production with 100% FE from anode are achieved with a low 0.6 V cell voltage, demonstrating a great potential of this new electrochemical approach for hydrogen storage application. [Display omitted] • New knowledge of ethylamine dehydrogenation and electrolysis discovered. • Ethylamine enabled as liquid organic hydrogen carrier for ambient hydrogen storage. • Highly selective ethylamine electrolysis to hydrogen and acetonitrile achieved. • Efficient hydrogen production realized from ethylamine electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two‐dimensional (2D) oxides have been the focus of substantial research interest recently, owing to their fascinating physico‐chemical properties. However, fabrication of large‐area 2D oxide materials in a controlled manner under mild conditions still remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we develop a facile and universal strategy based on the sonochemistry approach for controllable and large‐area growth of quasi‐aligned single‐crystalline ZnO nanosheets on a Zn substrate (Zn@SC‐ZnO) under ambient conditions. The obtained ZnO nanosheets possess the desired exclusively exposed (001¯ $\mathop{1}\limits^{̅}$) facets, which have been confirmed to play a critical role in significantly reducing the activation energy and facilitating the stripping/plating processes of Zn. Accordingly, the constructed Zn@SC‐ZnO||Zn@SC‐ZnO symmetric cell has very low polarization overpotential down to ~20 mV, with limited dendrite growth and side reactions for Zn anodes. The developed Zn@SC‐ZnO//MnO2 aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) show a voltage efficiency of 88.2% under 500 mA g−1 at the stage of 50% depth of discharge, which is state of the art for ZIBs reported to date. Furthermore, the as‐assembled large‐size cell (5 cm × 5 cm) delivers an open circuit potential of 1.648 V, and can be robustly operated under a high current of 20 mA, showing excellent potential for future scalable applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The undesirable loss of methane (CH4 ) at remote locations welcomes approaches that ambiently functionalize CH4 on-site without intense infrastructure investment. Recently, we found that electrochemical oxidation of vanadium(V)-oxo with bisulfate ligand leads to CH4 activation at ambient conditions. The key question is whether such an observation is a one-off coincidence or a general strategy for electrocatalyst design. Here, a general scheme of electrocatalytic CH4 activation with d0 early transition metals is established. The pre-catalysts' molecular structure, electrocatalytic kinetics, and mechanism were detailed for titanium (IV), vanadium (V), and chromium (VI) species as model systems. After a turnover-limiting one-electron electrochemical oxidation, the yielded ligand-centered cation radicals activate CH4 with low activation energy and high selectivity. The reactivities are universal among early transition metals from Period 4 to 6, and the reactivities trend for different early transition metals correlate with their d orbital energies across periodic table. Our results offer new chemical insights towards developing advanced ambient electrocatalysts of natural gas.

Air source heat pumps (ASHPs) are becoming an increasingly popular heating source for buildings. The paper presents an evaluation of the experimental data from ASHP operation during the heating season in Lithuania when the problem of the evaporator’s surface freezing is visible. The performance of the air-to-water heat pump is examined using energy and exergy analyses performed by a coefficient of performance (COP), COPCarnot, exergy efficiency, and primary energy ratio. Analysis results show that the existing difference between the ideal and actual operation of ASHP represents the demand to improve the performance of ASHP evaporator. The actual COP was from 3.5 to 4.7 times lower than the Carnot COP. At 0 °C and 95% humidity, the ASHP’s performance was least favourable, with an average exergy efficiency of 0.21 and a COP of 1.49.

Abstract Two‐dimensional (2D) oxides have been the focus of substantial research interest recently, owing to their fascinating physico‐chemical properties. However, fabrication of large‐area 2D oxide materials in a controlled manner under mild conditions still remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we develop a facile and universal strategy based on the sonochemistry approach for controllable and large‐area growth of quasi‐aligned single‐crystalline ZnO nanosheets on a Zn substrate (Zn@SC‐ZnO) under ambient conditions. The obtained ZnO nanosheets possess the desired exclusively exposed (00 1 ¯) facets, which have been confirmed to play a critical role in significantly reducing the activation energy and facilitating the stripping/plating processes of Zn. Accordingly, the constructed Zn@SC‐ZnO||Zn@SC‐ZnO symmetric cell has very low polarization overpotential down to ~20 mV, with limited dendrite growth and side reactions for Zn anodes. The developed Zn@SC‐ZnO//MnO2 aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) show a voltage efficiency of 88.2% under 500 mA g−1 at the stage of 50% depth of discharge, which is state of the art for ZIBs reported to date. Furthermore, the as‐assembled large‐size cell (5 cm × 5 cm) delivers an open circuit potential of 1.648 V, and can be robustly operated under a high current of 20 mA, showing excellent potential for future scalable applications.

Industrial ammonia production mainly relies on the conventional Haber–Bosch process accompanied by high energy consumption and plentiful carbon dioxide emissions, which triggered the recent interest to explore more energy‐efficient and environmentally benign alternatives. Very recently, electrochemical nitrite reduction in an aqueous medium promises new opportunities for advanced, energy‐efficient, and sustainable ammonia production at ambient conditions. The ammonia formation rate and Faradic efficiency are strongly associated with the adopted electrocatalysts; therefore, striving for high‐efficient electrocatalysts is the key to sustainable ammonia production via the electrochemical nitrite reduction reaction. Herein, a critical overview of recent advances in electrochemical nitrite reduction reaction to ammonia is presented, highlighting the latest innovative heterogenous electrocatalysts including noble metal catalysts, transition‐metal‐based catalysts, and their compounds. Meanwhile, the possible reaction pathway of nitrite electroreduction to ammonia, ammonia detection, and catalytic activity descriptor are briefly summarized. Finally, the perspective and research challenges of electrocatalysts that convert nitrite to ammonia are outlined, increasing their contributions in the route of realizing a neutral carbon footprint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has been established as a promising and sustainable alternative to the Haber–Bosch process, which requires intensive energy to produce ammonia. Unfortunately, NRR is constrained by the high adsorption/activation of the N2 energy barrier and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction, resulting in low faradic efficiency. Herein, a well-dispersed iron single-atom catalyst was successfully immobilized on nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (FeSAC-N-C) synthesized from pre-hydrothermally derived Fe-doped carbon quantum dots with an average particle size of 2.36 nm and used for efficient electrochemical N2 fixation at ambient conditions. The as-synthesized FeSAC-N-C catalyst records an onset potential of 0.12 VRHE, exhibiting a considerable faradic efficiency of 23.7% and an NH3 yield rate of 3.47 μg h–1 cm–2 in aqueous 0.1 M KOH electrolyte at a potential of −0.1 VRHE under continuous N2 feeding conditions. The control experiments assert that the produced NH3 molecules only emerge from the dissolved N2-gas, reflecting the remarkable stability of the nitrogen–carbon framework during electrolysis. The DFT calculations showed the FeSAC-N-C catalyst to demonstrate a lower energy barrier during the rate-limiting step of the NRR process, consistent with the observed high activity of the catalyst. This study highlights the exceptional potential of single-atom catalysts for electrochemical NRR and offers a comprehensive understanding of the catalytic mechanisms involved. Ultimately, this work provides a facile synthesis strategy of FeSAC-N-C nano-sheets with high atomic-dispersion, creating a novel design avenue of FeSAC-N-C that can vividly have a potential applicability in the large spectrum of electrocatalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air-breathing polymer electrolyte fuel cells have become a promising power source to provide uninterrupted power for small electronic devices. This review focuses primarily on describing how the air-breathing PEFC performance is improved through optimisation of some key parameters: the design and material of the current collector; the design and material of the cathode gas diffusion layer; the catalyst layer; and cell orientation. In addition, it reviews the impact of the ambient conditions on the fuel cell performance and describes the methods adopted to mitigate the effects of extreme conditions of ambient temperature and humidity. Hydrogen storage and delivery technologies used in air-breathing fuel cells are then summarised and their design aspects are discussed critically. Finally, the few reported air-breathing fuel cell stacks and systems are reviewed, highlighting the challenges to the widespread commercialisation of air-breathing fuel cell technology. [Display omitted] • The main components and working principles of the air-breathing PEFC are described. • Fundamental equations used to create air-breathing PEFC models are listed. • Advances in the optimisation of fuel cell performance are comprehensively reviewed. • The effect of ambient conditions on the fuel cell performance is reviewed. • Hydrogen delivery, air-breathing PEFC stacks and systems are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental concerns resulting from coal-fired power generation that produces large amounts of CO2 and fly ash are of great interest. To mitigate, this study aims to develop a novel carbonated CO2-fly ash-based backfill (CFBF) material under ambient conditions. The performance of CFBF was investigated for different fly ash–cement ratios and compared with non-CO2 reacted samples. The fresh CFBF slurry conformed to the Herschel-Bulkley model with shear thinning characteristics. After carbonation, the yield stress of the fresh slurry increased significantly by lowering fly ash ratio due to gel formation. The setting times were accelerated, resulting in approximately 40.6% of increased early strength. The final strength decreased when incorporating a lower fly ash ratio (50% and 60%), which was related to the existing heterogeneous pores caused by rapid fluid loss. The strength increased with fly ash content above 70% because additional C–S(A)–H and silica gels were characterized to precipitate on the grain surface, so the binding between particles increased. The C–S(A)–H gel was developed through the pozzolanic reaction, where CaCO3 was the prerequisite calcium source obtained in the CO2-fly ash reaction. Furthermore, the maximum CO2 uptake efficiency was 1.39 mg-CO2/g-CFBF. The CFBF material is feasible to co-dispose CO2 and fly ash in the mine goaf as negative carbon backfill materials, and simultaneously mitigates the strata movement and water lost in post-subsurface mining.

In this paper, we investigate the impact of diesel and kerosene on the transient processes occurring in a micro-turbojet aviation engine. The experiments were conducted under two distinct ambient temperature conditions, 0 and 20 °C. Specifically, we analyzed the starting phase of the micro-engine while operating with kerosene and diesel at both ambient temperature settings. Comparative graphs were generated, and the starting time was meticulously examined. Subsequently, we constructed performance maps for the engine using both fuels and across the two ambient temperature scenarios. We then executed a transient process, comprising sudden acceleration and deceleration, under the aforementioned ambient temperature conditions and with both fuels. The fluctuations in temperature within the combustion chamber, thrust force, and fuel consumption are presented for both rapid acceleration and deceleration events. Furthermore, we conducted comparisons between the thrust force, fuel flow rate, combustion chamber temperature, and specific fuel consumption for the two fuels tested and under the two ambient temperature conditions, both during idle and at higher engine regimes. In the idle regime at 0 °C, the kerosene flow is about 0.78% higher than diesel, with the kerosene thrust approximately 1.92% greater. At 20 °C, the kerosene consumption rises by roughly 5.56% compared to diesel, while the thrust increases by about 1.38%. It was observed that at the maximum operating regime, at 0 °C, the kerosene flow exceeds diesel by around 6%, with the kerosene thrust slightly higher, by about 0.63%. At 20 °C, the kerosene consumption rises by roughly 13.19% compared to diesel, while the thrust increases by about 5.91%. In higher regimes, the kerosene consumption surpasses diesel, but the thrust increase is not significant. Thus, diesel’s use as a fuel for the microturbo engine is justified due to its lower consumption at both 0 °C and 20 °C.

Industrial ammonia production mainly relies on the conventional Haber–Bosch process accompanied by high energy consumption and plentiful carbon dioxide emissions, which triggered the recent interest to explore more energy‐efficient and environmentally benign alternatives. Very recently, electrochemical nitrite reduction in an aqueous medium promises new opportunities for advanced, energy‐efficient, and sustainable ammonia production at ambient conditions. The ammonia formation rate and Faradic efficiency are strongly associated with the adopted electrocatalysts; therefore, striving for high‐efficient electrocatalysts is the key to sustainable ammonia production via the electrochemical nitrite reduction reaction. Herein, a critical overview of recent advances in electrochemical nitrite reduction reaction to ammonia is presented, highlighting the latest innovative heterogenous electrocatalysts including noble metal catalysts, transition‐metal‐based catalysts, and their compounds. Meanwhile, the possible reaction pathway of nitrite electroreduction to ammonia, ammonia detection, and catalytic activity descriptor are briefly summarized. Finally, the perspective and research challenges of electrocatalysts that convert nitrite to ammonia are outlined, increasing their contributions in the route of realizing a neutral carbon footprint.

Single atomic Ce sites confined in N -doped hollow carbon spheres are developed as an efficient catalyst for catalyzing NO reduction to NH 3 with maximal Faradaic efficiency of 91 ± 2% and a yield rate of 1023 ± 6 μg h−1 cm−2, exceeding the Ce nanoclusters counterpart. Furthermore, a Zn–NO battery is constructed to yield NH 3 and supply electricity as well. [Display omitted] Electrocatalytic nitric oxide reduction reaction (NORR) at ambient environments not only offers a promising strategy to yield ammonia (NH 3) but also degrades the NO contaminant; however, its application depends on searching for high-performance catalysts. Herein, we present single atomic Ce sites anchored on nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres that are capable of electro-catalyzing NO reduction to NH 3 in an acidic solution, achieving a maximal Faradaic efficiency of 91 % and a yield rate of 1023 μg h−1 mg cat. −1 at –0.7 V vs RHE for NH 3 formation, both of which outperform these on Ce nanoclusters and approach the best-reported results. Meanwhile, the single atomic Ce catalyst shows good structural and electrochemical stability during the 30-h NO electrolysis. Furthermore, when the single atomic Ce catalyst was used as cathodic material in a proof-of-concept of Zn–NO battery, it delivers a maximal power density of 3.4 mW cm−2 and a high NH 3 yield rate of 309 μg h−1 mg cat. −1. Theoretical simulations suggest that the Ce-N4 active moiety can not only activate NO molecules via a strong electronic interaction but also reduce the free energy barrier of *NO transition to *NOH intermediate as the limiting step, and therefore boosting the NORR kinetics and suppressing the competitive hydrogen evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fuel droplet evaporation is essential to the generation of flammable mixtures in thermal engines. Generally, liquid fuel is injected directly into the hot, high-pressure atmosphere to form scattered droplets. Many investigations on droplet evaporation have been conducted with techniques involving the influence of boundaries, such as suspended wires. Ultrasonic levitation is a non-contact and non-destructive technology that can avoid the impact of hanging wire on droplet shape and heat transfer. Besides, it can simultaneously levitate multiple droplets and allow them to associate with each other or be used to study droplet instability behaviors. This paper reviews the influences of the acoustic field on levitated droplets, the evaporation characteristics of acoustically levitated droplets, and the prospects and limitations of ultrasonic suspension methods for droplet evaporation, which can serve as references for relevant studies.

Laboratory‐controlled conditions, spin‐coating method, and non‐ecofriendly halogenated solvents that have been employed for higher‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs) are not compatible with large‐scaled, roll‐to‐roll (R2R) manufacturing in ambient conditions. Slot‐die coating is a viable upscaling method, but the investigation of slot‐die‐coated OSCs is still rare, especially OSCs with all functional layers deposited with non‐halogenated solvents in air. Herein, all slot‐die coated devices are successfully manufactured by sequentially slot‐die coating the hole transport layer (PEDOT:PSS), the photoactive layers (PM6 and BTP‐4F‐12 (Y6‐C12)), and the electron transport layer (PFN‐Br). Because of solubility variation of photoactive components in non‐halogenated solvents (o‐Xylene and 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MeTHF)), two bilayer‐processed photoactive films have been obtained via different solvent combinations (o‐Xylene/o‐Xylene for PM6 (o‐Xylene)/Y6C12 (o‐Xylene) and o‐Xylene/2‐MeTHF for PM6 (o‐Xylene)/Y6C12 (2‐MeTHF)). Different morphologies of bilayer‐processed photoactive films influence exciton dissociation and charge extraction properties of corresponding devices. Finally, the device hosting o‐Xylene/o‐Xylene processed photoactive film has a superior efficiency (10.6%) than the o‐Xylene/2‐MeTHF processed photoactive film‐based device (7.2%). Differently from device efficiency, the device based on o‐Xylene/2‐MeTHF processed photoactive film exhibits the preferable storage stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambient NH3 electrosynthesis from NO reduction reaction (NORR) is attractive in replacing the industrial Haber‐Bosch route; however, the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in aqueous electrolyte typically induces a limited selectivity and activity toward NH3 production. Herein, hierarchical P‐doped MoS2 nanospheres are developed as the NORR electrocatalyst in an ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte for catalyzing the reduction of NO to NH3 with a maximal Faradaic efficiency of 69 % (−0.6 V vs RHE) and a peak yield rate of 388.3 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 (−0.7 V vs RHE), both of which are comparable to the best‐reported results. Moreover, the catalyst also shows stable NORR activity over 30 h and 6 cycles. Theoretical analyses further reveal that the P dopants in MoS2 facilitate the activation and hydrogenation of NO. Besides, the employment of hydrophobic IL electrolyte also slows down the HER kinetics effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambient NH3 electrosynthesis from NO reduction reaction (NORR) is attractive in replacing the industrial Haber‐Bosch route; however, the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in aqueous electrolyte typically induces a limited selectivity and activity toward NH3 production. Herein, hierarchical P‐doped MoS2 nanospheres are developed as the NORR electrocatalyst in an ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte for catalyzing the reduction of NO to NH3 with a maximal Faradaic efficiency of 69 % (−0.6 V vs RHE) and a peak yield rate of 388.3 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 (−0.7 V vs RHE), both of which are comparable to the best‐reported results. Moreover, the catalyst also shows stable NORR activity over 30 h and 6 cycles. Theoretical analyses further reveal that the P dopants in MoS2 facilitate the activation and hydrogenation of NO. Besides, the employment of hydrophobic IL electrolyte also slows down the HER kinetics effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following our previous report on N2 reduction reaction (NRR) on the surface of nitrides, we investigated the influence of incorporation of titanium nitride as a stable and inactive-NRR material into the structure of DFT-predicted NRR-active surfaces of chromium, vanadium, niobium, and zirconium nitrides. The outcome of our density functional theory (DFT) based analyses suggests that combination of titanium nitride with vanadium nitride can enhance the potential-determining step of the reaction with up to 20% compared to pure vanadium nitride while maintaining similar number of proton-electron transfer steps for formation of two ammonia molecules. The influence of titanium nitride on chromium nitride is expected to be more pronounced as rate-determining step associated with nitrogen adsorption on the vacancy and regeneration of the catalyst improves by around 90% compared to the pure chromium nitride. This effect on niobium and zirconium nitride is, however, negative as the potential-determining step becomes larger for the case of niobium nitride, and the reaction pathway changes from nitrogen reduction to hydrogen evolution for the case of zirconium nitride. These results not only encourage experimentalists to explore these overlayered structures further in experiments, but it also opens up the avenue for considering the alloys and dopants of these nitrides via both density functional theory modelling and experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen energy is characterized by its environmental friendliness, high efficiency, lack of carbon emissions and wide range of applications. However, its transportation and storage are challenges that limit further development of the hydrogen-energy industry. Ammonia is a carbon-free hydrogen-rich carrier. The storage of hydrogen in ammonia has unique advantages of high energy density, easy storage and transportation, reliable safety, a mature industrial foundation and no tail-end carbon emissions. However, industrial ammonia synthesis still heavily relies on the Haber–Bosch process, which accounts for significant energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the development of green and sustainable ammonia-synthesis methods is extremely important and urgent. Recently, ammonia-synthesis technologies such as electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis and biocatalysis have successfully produced ammonia from nitrogen and water, resulting in lower costs. The nitrogen-reduction-reaction conditions of these methods are mild and can be carried out under ambient temperatures and atmospheric pressure with low energy consumptions. Meanwhile, these methods bypass the traditional hydrogen-production section and their routes are simpler. Therefore, these technologies can be used to flexibly integrate renewable energy, including intermittent renewable energy, to achieve distributed ammonia synthesis. These benefits contribute to both global energy and environmental sustainability goals. In this study, the mechanisms of ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions are reviewed and the technical difficulties of various catalysts for ammonia synthesis are summarized. Based on the optimization strategies reported for various catalysts, the high-performing catalysts reported for ammonia synthesis are reviewed and the developmental trend of this field has been forecasted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are generally fabricated in a sandwiched device structure that contains a perovskite emissive layer between the electron transport layer (ETL) and the hole transport layer (HTL). However, protective atmosphere environments are avoidless during the fabrication processes of PeLEDs. Taking the large‐scale industrial production into consideration, all‐solution method‐processed ETL‐free PeLEDs under ambient conditions are still highly demanding. This work successfully demonstrates the optimization of blocking passivation layer ETL‐free PeLEDs by the all‐solution method for manufacturing in ambient conditions. The obtained PeLEDs have a luminance of more than 8200 cd m−2, which is more than 40 times higher compared with the control device. The optimization mechanism of passivation and synergism effects is proposed. These advances can provide an opportunity to fabricate high‐performance perovskite‐based photovoltaic devices under ambient conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although evolution in electrical power generation now continuously focuses on renewable resources, thermal power plants depending on typical fuels cannot be neglected. Market demand and their operational flexibility are the reasons why this type energy generation is worth investigating. This paper estimates the impact of intake ambient conditions on a combined cycle power plant (CCPP). Particularly, the investigation evaluates the effects of intake air ambient temperature and relative humidity in the context of the energy and electricity systems in Syria, specifically for the Jandar power plant. For an ambient temperature change from 3°C to 42°C, a standard temperature variation in the middle of Syria, the thermal efficiency of the CCPP is reduced from 53.3% to 45.7% at constant relative humidity of 60%. The net power output produced decreases from 00 MW at 15°C to 252.6 MW at 42°C. Although the amount of fuel consumed by combustion in the plant is reduced, the heat rate as well as the specific fuel consumption (SFC) increases. The SFC increased by 2.4% with a 20% increase in temperature at a constant relative humidity. A 3°C increase in temperature results in a 2.7% increase in the heat rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we report a Pd/PdOx sensing material that achieves 1-s detection of 4% H2 gas (i.e., the lower explosive limit concentration for H2) at room temperature in air. The Pd/PdOx material is a network of interconnected nanoscopic domains of Pd, PdO, and PdO2. Upon exposure to 4% H2, PdO and PdO2 in the Pd/PdOx are immediately reduced to metallic Pd, generating over a > 90% drop in electrical resistance. The mechanistic study reveals that the Pd/PdO2 interface in Pd/PdOx is responsible for the ultrafast PdOx reduction. Metallic Pd at the Pd/PdO2 interface enables fast H2 dissociation to adsorbed H atoms, significantly lowering the PdO2 reduction barrier. In addition, control experiments suggest that the interconnectivity of Pd, PdO, and PdO2 in our Pd/PdOx sensing material further facilitates the reduction of PdO, which would otherwise not occur. The 1-s response time of Pd/PdOx under ambient conditions makes it an excellent alarm for the timely detection of hydrogen gas leaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an alternate energy source that produces electricity without any adverse effects on the environment. The drawbacks of PEMFC are its short life and its non-linear voltage with loading current. Also, PEMFC is prone to ambient conditions, and its performance varies with different ambient conditions. In this work, the semi-empirical modeling approach has been used to predict the PEMFC voltage accurately. However, when the ambient condition varies, the voltage of PEMFC varies accordingly and consequently the previous parameters of the EMI-empirical model don't produce good results. Previously the voltage variation due to changes in ambient has been predicted with the help of ambient conditions and load resistance, but this model isn't sui for all PEMFCs. In this work, a new method has been proposed where fast and accurate optimization technique such as Transient search optimization (TSO) has been used to optimize parameters when ambient condition varies and predicts the PEMFC voltage accurately and doesn't consume a lot of time. The proposed method will be very helpful in future research for predicting the PEMFC voltage for various PEMFC systems at different ambient conditions. The proposed method has been validated experimentally by performing experiments on n single-cell PEMFC system at normal and high ambient temperature.

Local atmospheric conditions surrounding an off-shore Oscillating Water Column device — OWC hereinafter —, in particular wind action, may affect OWC performance and efficiency, specially over long harvesting intervals, i.e. yearly energy production. This work proposes an experimental study of a simple off-shore OWC where different ambient conditions are compared. More specifically, it proposes a set of experimental tests in laboratory wave flume, under both calm and external wind conditions, which represent a more realistic situation in full-scale prototypes. The results show that the external wind modifies the ambient conditions by changing the temperature, humidity and pressure values of the air surrounding the OWC device, affecting the density and the thermodynamic balance. This affects negatively the OWC performance, reducing the maximum pneumatic power by up to 15%, which can be extrapolated to a reduction of 3% in the total amount of annual energy produced. • The modification of external conditions can reduce the pneumatic power up to 15%. • The annual energy production can be reduced around 3% by the external wind. • The external air conditions affect the turbine performance during the release phase. • The isentropic efficiency is lower with the external wind. • The turbine performance makes that internal conditions of the OWC does not change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a detailed analysis and thermal modeling for temperature prediction of a stand-alone photovoltaic module is performed. The study aims to present precise estimation of module temperature, since it is an important parameter for power output calculation. Hence, the required data were collected via experiments. Accounting for all heat transfer mechanisms, and following model validation, a proposed algorithm was implemented to investigate heat transfer from the module to its surrounding and predict different layers' temperature. Results indicate that accurate energy distribution and temperature prediction was achieved by the adopted thermal model, only about 16 % of the received energy is converted to electrical power while the rest is released by heat. Moreover, the proposed simulation algorithm provided one of the best results in comparison to literature models, achieving an R 2 of 0.963 and a M A E of 1.883 , which is very close to the best overall model by King at R 2 = 0.973 and M A E = 1.663. Additionally, two new models for module temperature prediction were proposed. After testing on new data, the explicit model provided a reasonable first approximation attaining an adjusted R 2 of 0.97 and a M S E of 3.505 , and an accurate implicit model, achieving a M S E of only 1.268. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cutaneous pH in mares changed between morning, noon, and evening over 5 days. • Trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) varied based on anatomical location. • TEWL measures were negatively correlated with ambient humidity. • TEWL measures were positively correlated with temperature. Cutaneous pH and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) are commonly utilized measures in dermatological research as they provide information concerning barrier function. The importance of dermal health has become more evident in recent years. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to identify natural fluctuations in the biophysical parameters of healthy equine skin. Cutaneous pH and TEWL was collected on nine mares at 6:00 AM, 12:00 PM, and 6:00 PM daily for five days on the nose, withers, girth area, mid-back, and base of tail. Ambient temperature and humidity were measured at each collection. Statistical analysis was completed using SAS On Demand. Tests included repeated measures, ANOVA, and regression analysis. Mean cutaneous pH significantly differed by day (P = 0.0052) and time (P = 0.0073) but was unaffected by anatomical location (P = 0.2841). Interestingly, cutaneous pH had a significant interaction of day and location (P = 0.0004). Mean TEWL measures significantly differed by day (P < 0.0001), time (P < 0.0001), and anatomical location (P = 0.0231). Interaction of day and time had a significant effect on TEWL (P < 0.0001) and also resulted in a three-way interaction of day, time, and location (P = 0.0167). There were no significant associations of pH with temperature and humidity. All measures of TEWL across all locations were significantly correlated with temperature and humidity (P < 0.0001). Cutaneous pH and TEWL measures are affected by environmental conditions which should be considered in future models and work using dermal characteristics of horses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Laboratory‐controlled conditions, spin‐coating method, and non‐ecofriendly halogenated solvents that have been employed for higher‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs) are not compatible with large‐scaled, roll‐to‐roll (R2R) manufacturing in ambient conditions. Slot‐die coating is a viable upscaling method, but the investigation of slot‐die‐coated OSCs is still rare, especially OSCs with all functional layers deposited with non‐halogenated solvents in air. Herein, all slot‐die coated devices are successfully manufactured by sequentially slot‐die coating the hole transport layer (PEDOT:PSS), the photoactive layers (PM6 and BTP‐4F‐12 (Y6‐C12)), and the electron transport layer (PFN‐Br). Because of solubility variation of photoactive components in non‐halogenated solvents (o‐Xylene and 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MeTHF)), two bilayer‐processed photoactive films have been obtained via different solvent combinations (o‐Xylene/o‐Xylene for PM6 (o‐Xylene)/Y6C12 (o‐Xylene) and o‐Xylene/2‐MeTHF for PM6 (o‐Xylene)/Y6C12 (2‐MeTHF)). Different morphologies of bilayer‐processed photoactive films influence exciton dissociation and charge extraction properties of corresponding devices. Finally, the device hosting o‐Xylene/o‐Xylene processed photoactive film has a superior efficiency (10.6%) than the o‐Xylene/2‐MeTHF processed photoactive film‐based device (7.2%). Differently from device efficiency, the device based on o‐Xylene/2‐MeTHF processed photoactive film exhibits the preferable storage stability.