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Several studies have shown that changes in land cover within a given watershed significantly affect the hydrological cycle and its variables. In the Xingu basin, many areas had their vegetation replaced by agricultural crops and pastures, while deforestation has been particularly prevalent in the region known as the Arch of Deforestation. Using remote sensing techniques enable the estimation of biophysical variable ETr for extensive areas, as exemplified in the study basin. Evapotranspiration data used in this work were obtained by creating a product that returns the combined median of the MOD16A2, PML_V2, Terra Climate, GLEAM_v3.3a, FLUXCOM, SSEBop, FLDAS, and ERA5-Land models, with subsequent application of the data provided by Collection 6 of the MapBiomas network, allowing the integration of land use and land cover information with real evapotranspiration estimates for the transition ranges: Forest to Pasture; Forest to Agricultural Land; Cerrado to Pasture; Cerrado to Agricultural Land. The interval defined for the study corresponds to the years 1985 to 2020, according to the historical series available on MapBiomas. After applying programming languages to filter the data, the results underwent statistical analysis to elucidate the effects of soil changes on evapotranspiration. Over the total data period (1985-2020), there was a decrease in forest areas (-16.23%), with conversion to pasture areas, in the order of +12.51%, and agricultural areas, reaching +5.5%. In the same timeframe, evapotranspiration in conversion bands underwent minimal changes, notably from 2009 to 2020, where a decreasing trend was reported of 0.095 mm/month for the “forest to pasture” substitution, and 0.090 mm/month in “Cerrado for pasture".

Over the years, the Araguaia River has represented multiple functions and symbolism for those who lived / live in Conceição do Araguaia / PA. Indigenous groups, backwoodsmen, extractivists, missionaries, explorers, among other subjects, were part of the social-cultural transformations in the town and on the Araguaia River. Over the years, the various local events have enabled the construction of multiple identity relationships between people and this natural element, leading us to think of the Araguaia as asymbolic space. In view of this, the work aims to understand the identity relationship of the city dwellers with the river, and thus, if there is a possibility of perceiving it as a geosymbol. For this, it is established as methodological procedure the exploratory research and bibliographic and documentary survey relevant to the theme. This study starts from the idea that certain places are perceived as symbolic, for this reason, they reinforce the territorial identity of the group, such places are called by Bonnemaison (2002) as "geosymbol". Thus, we seek to highlight the importance of the river in the lives of city dwellers from multiple perspectives and in different contexts. In short, there are diverse subjects and, consequently, many are the identity relationships built with this natural element. Therefore, these identities are sometimes inherited, but are certainly in constant transformation in the face of social and spatial processes in each generation. Thus, even if different identities (and therefore different territorialities) are constructed, and even if the Araguaia is perceived in different ways, each of these subjects who experienced Conceição do Araguaia can perceive the river as a geosymbol.

Colonization projects and the consolidation of commodities production made ranching and agriculture one of the main economic activities in Rondônia (RO). Simultaneously to this process, there was an increase in the consumption of pesticides, resulting in risks to human health and the environment. Based on datasets of different origins, this article analyzed the spatial distribution of pesticide commercialization in the different health regions of the state of Rondônia (RO), between 2015 and 2019. We used data from the Rondônia State Pesticide Trade Inspection System (Sistema de Fiscalização do Comércio de Agrotóxicos do Estado de Rondônia – SIAFRO), managed by the Agrosilvopastoral Health Defense Agency of the State of Rondônia (Agência de Defesa Sanitária Agrosilvopastoril do Estado de Rondônia – IDARON); the Phytosanitary Pesticides System (Sistema de Agrotóxicos Fitossanitários – AGROFIT), the National Health Surveillance Agency (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária – ANVISA), the Brazilian Institue of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis – IBAMA) and of the IBGE Automatic Recovery System of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – SIDRA/IBGE). The consolidation of these data contributed to the analysis and presentation of the spatial distribution of the average amount of pesticides sold by health regions in RO and the main active ingredients sold, their use classification and quantity applied to each culture. We conclude that the production of commodities such as soy, corn, coffee, and pasture are the main drivers of pesticide commercialization in the study region. The main marketed active ingredients suggest potential risks to public health and the environment. In addition, the present safety criteria regarding pesticides, especially in Brazil, are outdated and lead to public health and environmental vulnerability.

The goal of this study was to determine the anthropization evolution of the Guamá river basin in the years 2000, 2008 and 2018 by means of the Anthropic Transformation Index. Land use and cover maps were obtained from two databases, Project Mapbiomas (Brazilian Annual Land Use and Land Cover Mapping Project) and PRODES (Project for the Satellite Monitoring of the Brazilian Amazon Forest). The main classes defined in the mapping process are: forest, natural non-forest vegetation, agriculture and livestock farming, secondary vegetation, urban infrastructure, water and others. Secondary vegetation was considered as the area where the forest classes of Mapbiomas intersects with the deforested areas of PRODES, as determined by the map algebra operator. The expansion of agriculture and livestock farming achieved an increase of about 10%, while the forest was reduced in almost 10%. The Guamá river basin obtained an Anthropic Transformation Index of 4.44 in 2000, 5.04 in 2008 and 5.09 in 2018, going from a regular to a degraded state in 18 years. The occupation process caused major alterations in the natural components of the landscape over the course of 18 years, notably in the amount of forest. Protection of 35% of the remnant primary forest in the Guamá river basin is vital for the conservation of water resources vulnerable to changes in land use.

This article focuses on the experience of building the Amazon IALA, particularly from the specialization course on “Rural Education, Agroecology and Agrarian Issues in the Amazon”, developed in a partnership between the Federal University of South and Southeast Pará and Via Campesina. The reflection points to some analytical shifts towards a decolonial option in education from a pedagogical experience connected politically and epistemologically to the social struggles and disputed territories in southeastern Pará. Education as a political demand of the people of the countryside transforms the context of conflicts rather than the realization of the pedagogical dynamics that thus becomes an integral part of the subjects' political subjectivation processes. The encounter with social struggles also becomes a recognition of the forms of denial of the possibilities of epistemic agency to subaltern individual and collective subjects, leading to an option for epistemic disobedience, to restore these wasted experiences to the field of knowledge and thus, broaden the meanings of the relationship between the university and social movements, facing the contradictions of the institutionalization processes, expanding the forms of knowledge circulation and ensuring the dialogue of knowledge as an effective practice.

Aquaculture is the creation of aquatic organisms. An expanding activity, being of great importance its approach in rural extension. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the contribution of extension activities in aquaculture in the professional training of students in Marajó, Amazon, Brazil. The project “Technology transfer through training and technical assistance for tambaqui breeders, Colossoma macropomum, in the archipelago of Marajó/PA” was developed by 10 technician and under graduate students from rural education course and the technical course in aquaculture from the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará (IFPA) Campus Breves, in the city of Curralinho. They participated in the stages of data collection in aquaculture enterprises, training for producers and monitoring of aquaculture production, acting as researchers, instructors and extension workers, respectively. The duration of the project was from August 2019 to March 2020. At the end of the project, a questionnaire was applied to the students involved. The results showed that the aquaculture extension activities developed were relevant and significant, for the construction of knowledge in a mutual way between those involved (students and aquaculture producers). The acquired experiences will substantiate and subsidize the professional practice of these students in a concrete and effective way. In conclusion, the extension project represents an excellent tool in the teaching-learning process for students.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to describe a case of salmonellosis in an Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis). The animal was rescued from a tributary of the Capim River, in the municipality of Goianésia do Pará, Pará, Brazil, kept in a pool, and died approximately five months after being rescued. The main changes observed at necropsy were that the cecum and colon had serosal hyperemia, wall edema, thickened mucosa with ulcerated areas and covered by a thin layer of fibrin, and a yellowish liquid content. Histologically, there was moderate multifocal fibrinonecrotic typhlocolitis associated with intense bacterial colonization. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (rough) was isolated in cecum and colon fragments. This is the first report of salmonellosis in an Amazonian manatee.

This study evaluated the seasonality of Sphingidae spp. in two areas of savannah, in the eastern Brazilian Amazon, sampled for one year (June, 2014 through May, 2015) with the aid of Pennsylvania light traps placed at four sampling points. Data on fauna were obtained through the following parameters: abundance (N), richness (S), composition, Shannon diversity and uniformity indices (H’ and U’), and the Berger-Parker (BP) dominance index. Richness estimates were calculated using Bootstrap, Chao1, ACE, Jackknife 1, and Jackknife2 estimators. The Pearson correlation was also used to analyze the effect of climatic variables such as rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity on richness and abundance. The result for the parameters analyzed during the entire sampling period was N= 374, S= 34, H’= 2.59, U= 0.733 and BP= 0.235. The estimation of richness showed that between 63% and 87% of expected species were collected (Bootstrap estimated 39 species and Chao1 estimated 54). The most representative species were: Isognathus caricae (Linnaeus, 1758) (N= 88), Enyo lugubris lugubris (Linnaeus, 1771) (N= 58), Isognathus menechus (Boisduval, [1875]) (N= 46) and Cocytius duponchel (Poey, 1832) (N= 44), with 54% of the sample containing species considered rare divided into 298 male and 76 female specimens. For climatic variables, there was a moderate positive correlation only between abundance and temperature. The less-rainy period presented greater richness (S= 26) and abundance (N= 222), and the rainy period had better indices for H’ (2.55), U (8.01), and BP (0.230). The richness estimator Jackknife 2 was the best estimator in both sampling periods with 34 in the less-rainy period and 45 in the rainy period. The richness and abundance obtained in this study contribute significantly to the knowledge of Sphingidae fauna in an area of Amazonian savannahs.

The determination of homogeneous regions with precipitation and probability models when considering the El Niño- Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is important for the planning of water resources and for the study of how climate change affects precipitation regimes. Thus, six homogeneous regions with annual mean precipitation were determined through a cluster analysis using Ward's agglomeration method and applied to a historical series of 31 years (1960-1990) at 413 satellite monitoring points in the state of Pará, where the selected years occurred during an El Niño or a La Niña event. When adjusting the probability models, the chi-square test was applied to 413 monitoring points spread over the six homogeneous regions during years with a La Niña or an El Niño, as well as the complete set of years. The normal model (i.e., the normal function) had the best fit, with chi-square values below 3.84 (tabulated chi-square values). The model was validated using 12 rainfall stations of the National Water Agency (ANA), which were distributed across the six homogeneous regions. In this case, the chi-square test for the 12 stations also had values lower than 3.84. A good fit between the observed and the regionalized data demonstrated the potential of the methodology developed and used for estimating annual average precipitation probabilities.

The jatuarana (Brycon amazonicus), is an important species for the Madeira River commercial fisheries. The paper aims to characterize the jatuarana fishing dynamics in the middle Madeira River and test whether there are differences dowstreams and upstreams the Teotônio waterfall. Commercial fisheries landings were monitored daily at 15 ports or riverine communities along that stretch, using semi-structured interviews with fishermen. With data from the fishing monitoring program of UHEs Santo Antônio and Jirau we analysed: the yield, catch per unit effort (CPUE), length structure, locations and fishing gear used, between 2009 to 2011.The fishing yield of this species was temporaly analyzed with data from the Fishermen Colony of Porto Velho city (Rondônia state, Brazil), between 1990 to 2012. The yield and the CPUE showed significant differences by area and locations and the capture of the species was carried out primarily in the channel river and banks river through gillnets. In addition, the samples collected in the upstream area have higher distribution and modal lengths than from those collected downstream. These results suggest that the areas require distinct management measures.

Tolerance to Polycyclic Hydrocarbons Aromatic (PAHs) is considered an important characteristic when assessing the bioremediation potential of microorganisms. Given this, the objective of this research was to assay filamentous fungi from the Amazon region, isolated from sediments with differents levels of contamination by PAHs, for tolerance to phenanthrene and pyrene. To achieve this, fungal cultures plugs (5 mm), obtained after 7 days growth, were transferred to petri dishes containing 20% Sabouraud dextrose agar medium, after surface innoculation with phenanthrene and pyrene crystals, separately. Radial mycelial growth was evaluated after 10 days at five different concentration levels for each contaminant and control group, all in triplicate for each treatment. Fungal growth and growth inhibition rates were calculated. The average growth of the colonies in each treatment was compared with one-way ANOVA, followed by a Tukey Test (p < 0,05). All fungi showed tolerant to phenanthrene and pyrene. However, Hypoxylon sp. showed the lowest growth inhibition rate and average growth rates significantly different of the other six tested species. Hypoxylon sp. has been shown to be a promising genetic resource for use in new studies of PAHs degradation.

Heart of palm harvesting and exploitation has reduced the natural reserves of açaí and juçara; hence, the peach palm is an excellent option as source of heart of palm that can reduce the pressure on these two species. The peach palm has high tillering and no post-harvest oxidation. An experiment in a randomized block design with 72 progenies of peach palm, 36 replications and a single tree plot was performed for five years at the experimental field of Embrapa in the Western Amazon. Genetic parameters were estimated using two mixed models, one based on progeny means and the second on joint information from crops. A repeatability analysis, genotype selection, and progeny selection were performed; the Mulamba and Mock selection index was determined; and Tocher’s clustering method was applied. The repeatability analysis revealed the existence of genetic variability, low repeatability, which ranged from 0.3307 to 0.6698 for five years. The analysis performed through the progeny means showed a heritability that varied from 51% to 23% for in all variables; the clustering revealed two groups. The progeny selection should be the main selection strategy, and crosses of superior progenies of different groups should be emphasized.

The Orchidaceae family is one of the largest among the angiosperm, with more than 27000 species, 2,500 is endemic to Brazil, 871 species are found in the Brazilian Amazon. In the far north of Brazil, in the state of Roraima, is located the Tepequém Mountains, a Tepuy – mountain top with table shape – with relictual vegetation due to prolonged isolation. Historically, Tepequém was a site of diamond exploration, which caused changes in the landscape. However, with mining decay, ecotourism became the main economic activity. About 68% of Roraima’s territory is composed of conservation areas and indigenous lands, and the Tepequém Mountain is the only Tepuy found outside the protected areas. Thus, this study aims to describe the orchid flora found at Tepequém’s Tepuy, an area of ecological and economic importance for Roraima’s ecotourism. The survey was carried out through expeditions between the years of 2013-2015. The species were photographed, harvested and taken to Embrapa Roraima for identification, exsiccate confection and/or cultivation. The exsiccatae were deposited at Roraima’s Integrated Museum (Museu Integrado de Roraima – MIRR) and the Federal University of Roraima (Universidade Federal de Roraima – UFRR). Any orchid species deposited by other collectors was also considered. Thus, 20 genera and 34 species were registered at Tepequém. The genera with largest representation were the Epidendrum (7 spp.), Scaphyglottis (4 spp.) and Habenaria (3 spp.), with 70% of the other genera presenting one species only. 10% of Roraima’s orchid’s diversity is found at Tepequém. The diversity of habitats – forest, campina and savannah – found at Tepequém’s Tepuy allows the Orchidaceae species diversity and the unique flora with low similarities to other floristic surveys.

A multilocus mixed-mating model was used to evaluate the mating system of a population of Couratari multiflora, an emergent tree species found in low densities (1 individual/10 ha) in lowland forests of central Amazonia. We surveyed and observed phenologically 41 trees in an area of 400 ha. From these, only four mother trees were analyzed here because few of them set fruits, which also suffered high predation. No difference was observed between the population multilocus outcrossing rate (t mp = 0.953 ± 0.040) and the average single locus rate (t sp = 0.968 ± 0.132). The four mother trees were highly outcrossed (t m ~ 1). Two out of five loci showed departures from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) expectations, and the same results occurred with the mixed-mating model. Besides the low number of trees analyzed, the proportion of loci in HWE suggests random mating in the population. However, the pollen pool was heterogeneous among families, probably due to both the small sample number and the flowering of trees at different times of the flowering season. Reproductive phenology of the population and the results presented here suggest, at least for part of the population, a long-distance pollen movement, around 1,000 m.Foi utilizado um modelo de cruzamento misto multilocos para analisar o sistema de cruzamento de uma população de Couratari multiflora, espécie arbórea emergente encontrada em baixas densidades (1 indivíduo/10 ha) nas florestas de "terra firme" da Amazônia central. Inventariamos e observamos fenologicamente 41 árvores em uma área de 400 ha. Dessas, somente quatro árvores-mãe foram analisadas, pois poucas árvores produziram frutos, os quais também sofreram alta predação. Não foi observada diferença entre a taxa de cruzamento multilocos (t mp = 0,953 ± 0,040) e a taxa média de loco único (t sp = 0,968 ± 0,132). As quatro árvores-mãe apresentaram alta taxa de cruzamento (t m ~ 1). Dois dos cinco locos analisados mostraram desvios das expectativas do Equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg (EHW), e os mesmos resultados ocorreram para o modelo misto de cruzamento. Apesar do baixo número de árvores analisadas, a alta proporção de locos em EHW sugere que a população tenha um sistema de cruzamento aleatório. Entretanto, o conjunto polínico foi heterogêneo entre famílias, provavelmente pelo pequeno número e florescimento das árvores analisadas em diferentes fases da estação de florescimento. A fenologia reprodutiva da população e os resultados apresentados neste estudo sugerem que ao menos parte da população cruza via movimento de pólen de longa distância, em torno de 1.000 m.

Different techniques and applications of remote sensing have been used to investigate moist tropical coastal environments in Amazon region. This paper presents priority researches developed in this region and potential techniques that must be applied in the Amazon coast. Furthermore, present the recent development and future researches using ALOS-PALSAR, RADARSAT-2 and SAR SIPAM, which must become the use of the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) a powerful tool of coastal monitoring during the next years. Therefore, the use of remote sensing represents a unique chance to implement coastal observation system in the Amazon coastal zone in the close future.

Cornops aquaticum (juveniles, adults) was monitored on 5 m² of floating Eichhornia crassipes in a whitewater floodplain near Manaus during one year. Its abundance and biomass varied as a consequence of changing host plant densities caused by the flood pulse of the Solimòes/Amazon River. During rising waters C. aquaticum usually exhibited five nymphal instars, while during falling waters there were six instars. Average development from oviposition to adult took 71 or 81 days. respectively, the nymphal phase lasting 41 or 54 days. Longevity was 3.2 months in males and 5.8 months in females. The average food intake per gdry weight (dw) grasshopper (five nymphal instars) per thy was approximately 0.9gdw of Eichhornia leaves. Given a daily net primary production of 15 g m-2 dw of E. crussipes. estimated food intake was 16.7%. This feeding impact could not prevent mass development of floating Eichhornia stocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate mercury exposure and health status among Munduruku Indians from the community of Sai Cinza, State of Para´, Brazil. The population studied included 330 indians, who submitted to a questionnaire, clinical exams, and collection of hair, blood, urine, and feces. Mercury was measured in hair and fish. Although no person was found to have overt mercury intoxication, the mean levels of mercury in hair were elevated (14.45 μg/g for children from 7 to 12 years old, 15.70 μg/g for women between 14 and 44 years old, and 14.1 μg/g for the remaining population). Mercury levels in fish were below levels recommended by the World Health Organization, but rates of fish consumption were high. These results place this indigenous populations as a group under risk of mercury toxicity from the gold production. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In the Brazilian Amazon, extensive cattle ranching expansion has been the main driver of deforestation since the last four decades and led to large extent of degraded lands. Great expectations have been placed in land use intensification through the restoration of degraded pastures, improving livestock performance and conserving forest. Despite such environmental challenges, the process of intensification at farm scale is poorly understood, especially in spatial terms. In this study, we produce knowledge about cattle ranchers’ decisions regarding land-use intensification, within a landscape approach and farm trajectories framework. The landscape, conceptualized as a spatially agroecosystem, enables to analyze the interactions between cattle ranchers’ decisions and spatially distributed natural resources, while the study of trajectories (sequence of farm’s phases) aims at understanding farm’s long-term socio-technical changes and the links with landscape dynamic. We used semi-structured and retrospective interviews as well as complex graphic model to analyze diachronically spatial logics of land-use intensification in six cattle farms, in old frontiers. Our results show that cattle ranchers, in their large diversity, have different strategies regarding land-use intensification, aimed at optimizing the use of natural resources spatially. Pastureland intensification is not spatially uniform, leading to less uniform landscape patterns than during agricultural expansion. This dynamic is more complex and efficient than restoring degraded pasture. We recommend the implementation of policies that promote the transition towards eco-efficient practices and to plan the spatial organization of intensified pasture and secondary forest regeneration to enable better use of natural resources in livestock systems in the Brazilian Amazon.

The difficulty of a systemic look at nature has historically favored biotic aspects to the detriment of abiotic ones. Geodiversity is an almost absent topic in discussions involving the Amazon, supporting the false idea that landforms and rocks are robust, not requiring management or protection of their values. Therefore, the objective of this study was to introduce the potential of geodiversity, especially its geosystemic attributes, as the structural basis for the consolidation of public policies that involve the importance of geotourism, scientific promotion and dissemination, and territorial and socio-environmental development of the Carajás Region. To this end, the elaboration of thematic cartography was carried out in the delimitation of distinct geomorphological units: Plateaus, Lowered Plateaus, Araguaia Depression and Araguaia Fluvial Plain, and the aerial photogrammetric survey made it possible to identify and characterize areas with high potential for geomorphosites: (1) Mirante; (2) Engravings, and (3) Pedra Riscada. The results show the vast potential of geodiversity with scientific, educational, scenic, and cultural value. Data on geodiversity is still incipient in the region, requiring the establishment of programs and public policies for knowledge and management of geodiversity components, and strengthening environmental and territorial planning actions alongside geoconservation strategies.

This article intends to situate the contemporary regional question in an approach called “geographies of the South”. Concerned with the understanding of social and spatial processes of the contemporary world in its totality, but also situating the place of speech and its apprehension in a decentred perspective of reality, the approach in discussion seeks to establish an intellectual exercise that foments the displacement of views on the social and spatial phenomena of the current period. After discussing the regional matter under this perspective and presenting priors of the “geographies of the South”, the research demonstrates, according to the proposed by the Brazilian geographer Milton Santos, some of its contributions on the regional matter that confirm a way of thinking the world in its totality, but which have as examples of study the Latin American and Brazilian reality.

In this article we intend to understand the Amazon future vision of Arthur Reis historiographical texts. Analyzing several works wrote by Reis during 1950s, we concluded that, to him, this region was foreordained to be a “developed” society, with agricultural economy. Seeing coeval intellectual production, we could also conclude that too many writers and political leaders shared Reis horizon of expectation. We emphasize a very extensive utilization of this future vision which goal was to transform deeply the regional life style.

The article investigates the use of information and communication technologies in Rolim de Moura do Guaporé community, a fluvial island of difficult access located more than 800 km from the capital of Rondônia, Porto Velho. The challenge of this research is to understand how the inhabitants of this island can use the digital technologies produced in a globalized way, which intend to reduce the barriers of physical access, opening doors for the inclusion in the world of technology. The research was carried out through a structured interview with the local residents by the application of a questionnaire with 18 questions. The group of researchers was surprised by the percentage of respondents who use radio, television as a source of information and cell phones as a source of communication to work, study, communicate among others, understanding that digital inclusion can break some geographical barriers and make any city inserted in the resources that globalization offers, in the case of the traditional community under analysis the technological instrument that opens the door to the external territorial dimension is the use of cell phones. It was also possible to identify the technological dependence of the wifi signal providers, which OI operator enters via the telephone line and this has internet access that is commercialized locally.

In November 2009 I participated, for nine days, in a project called “The Community Based Tourism experimentation Tartaruga Imbricata project”, a trip affiliated with the Cabo Orange National Park in Brazil and the French Guiana. This trip was the first piece of field work for my thesis in Geography and Environmental Management (thesis in progress).A group of French managers also participated in this project, that contained a seminar called ”Finding ourselves in uncharted territories“. The participants were given the opportunity to live a few days in rudimentary material conditions in inhospitable nature, and with local communities. The experience included: catraias (little motor boats) crossings, passages in inflatable boats, truck trips on dangerous highways, and the best: long stretches of river aboard the Peixe-boi boat, thatwould become our hotel, transportation, cafeteria and the stage of the intense “se découvrir en Terres Inconnues” seminar. In general, the trial showed positive results. I concluded that community-based tourism, as it was held in Cabo Orange National Park, has two main effects: the unique experience of living with coastal communities and the deepening of relations between the national park and its surroundings. I have attached excerpts from interviews with residents of riverside communities surrounding the national park and also a rare document encountered on this trip: a socio-cultural community survey, conducted by history teachers and students of the elementary school of Vila Velha do Cassiporé.

The aim is to understand the urbanization and planning of the Amazon based on the contributions of Bertha Becker. In the first moment, the urban phenomenon is considered from the Amazon in the books published in the 1980s and 1990s by Bertha Becker: "Geopolitics of the Amazon: the new frontier of natural resources" from 1982 and "Amazon" from 1990. In the second moment, the urbanized forest is discussed, based on the following publications by the author: "Amazon - geopolitics at the turn of the III millennium" from 2004 and "The Amazon city - the forest and the city" from 2013. The aim is to highlight Bertha Becker's contributions on the production of cities, the diffusion of the urban and planning in the Amazon to seek to develop, comparing this bibliographical research with recent ongoing processes, new interpretations about urbanization and metropolization in this region and its trends.

The indigenous alterity’s place in the production of the Amazonian border is analyzed here from the understanding of a geography of interethnic contact, which involves a symbolic and material repositioning of indigenous peoples; a process historically constructed from distinct meanings, permeated by colonialist relations (internal and external) and founded on violence and expropriation to the indigenous peoples of the region. This relationship is structured on the basis of two distinct and interdependent dimensions, territorial domination and the reproduction of a civilizing project, which, in general, are linked to ways of incorporating the indigenous people into a hegemonic logic and of subordinating their ethnic condition.

Background: Culicoides biting midges are small insects that are proven vectors of pathogens that cause disease in animals and humans. There are 1,368 species of Culicoides in the world, including 149 species in Brazil and 122 species in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. This study documents specimens that were collected between 2013 and 2015 in the municipalities of Alvorada d'Oeste, Buritis, Cacoal, Costa Marques, Espigão d'Oeste, Guajará-Mirim, Pimenta Bueno, Porto Velho and São Francisco Guaporé. Collections were performed using HP light traps in forest, pasture and peridomicilie environments., New Information: Species newly recorded in Rondônia State include Culicoides carpenteri Wirth & Blanton, 1953; C. dasyophrus Macfie, 1940; C. eublepharus Macfie, 1948; C. galindoi Wirth & Blanton, 1953; C. heliconiae Fox & Hoffman, 1944; and C. ignacioi Forattini, 1957. This is the first record in Brazil of C. darlingtonae Wirth & Blanton, 1971.