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The Brexit referendum vote has mainly political implications and no direct legal effect. The article 50 of the Treaty on European Union allows member states to withdraw from the European Union in accordance with its own constitutional requirements. After the referendum is a period of two years from the british notice of intention to withdraw to negotiate terms of exit unless all the other member states agree to extend it. Article 50 put the balance of power firmly in the hands of the 27 other states more than the leaving state. After the time limit in article 50 is expiring, Europen Union in theory law ceases to apply in the United Kingdom. In the same time, separating European law from british national law will be an complicated process.

The multitude of fiscal politics` objectives supposes a rational and a well-informed selection of them. Fiscal politics handle specific instruments and levers , producing effects which are hard enough to be quantified and reactions, which most of the time are unforeseen by the payers in their quality as productive or final consumers. The perfection of the proposed alternatives is necessary on the one hand , but hard to be realized on the other hand.

Abstract: Training programs have been established as a form of training for adults, being generally used within companies’ personal development alternatives starting from the employees’ performance assessment processes. The current century requires a different way of approaching academic education, starting from the employers’ observation in reference to the lack of the graduates’ key competencies in the hiring process. We intend to demonstrate that it is useful to introduce training programs as an alternative form of education in academia, as well as in the high school environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

RESUMEN Introducción: la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas enfrenta desafíos en su labor, a su vez se beneficia de elementos que contribuyen de manera positiva al cumplimiento de su misión. Objetivos: identificar algunos aspectos que pueden considerarse retos que enfrenta la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Cubana y proponer algunas alternativas a ellos. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Miguel Enríquez”, La Habana, marzo 2017. El universo quedó constituido por 20 profesores pertenecientes al departamento de Estomatología General Integral, a los que se les aplicó una encuesta. Resultados: el total de encuestados opinó que el bloqueo económico impuesto por Estados Unidos, así como la presencia de pocos profesores con categoría principal e investigativa, poca orientación vocacional brindada a estudiantes y pobre posibilidad en el uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación constituyen retos a los que se enfrenta la universidad. Algunas alternativas propuestas son; mejorar las condiciones de las unidades dentales dedicadas a la docencia (85%), incrementar el uso de la información científica (80%) y acrecentar la labor en la orientación vocacional. Conclusiones: los profesores con categoría de instructor y con menos años de experiencia identificaron más desafíos. Los profesores auxiliares y con más de 10 años de experiencia fueron los que brindaron alternativas para compensar estas dificultades.