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This study documented the lesser-known indigenous fruits and vegetables used in a montane area of high biocultural diversity in Bangladesh, the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs), and analyzed the nutritional values of selected species. Over 125 species were noted, and based on their frequent uses, 10 plant species were selected for nutritional analysis. All of the analyzed fruits and vegetables contain significant amounts of nutrients. Adoption of these species as alternative sources of food in other parts of Bangladesh could play a key role in improving livelihood and well-being in marginal communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Animal feed production systems have been suffering from a shortage of feedstuffs because of competition for these resources with human food consumption. The use of by-products can increase efficiency and circularity in production chains, reducing this competition. Aims: This study investigated the impacts of Paullinia cupana peel meal (PCPM) on the growth performance, meat quality, and haematological and serum biochemical parameters of slow-growing broilers. Methods: Two hundred and forty slow-growing male Label Rouge broilers were distributed in a completely randomised experimental design. The treatments consisted of five inclusion levels of PCPM (0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10%) in the diets, with four replicates of 12 birds each. Growth performance data, and haematological and serum biochemical parameters were monitored. Twelve broilers per treatment were slaughtered for meat-quality analysis. Key results: In the starter stage, there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in feed intake and weight gain with and increasing inclusion level of PCPM in the diet. However, this effect diminished in the final stage. Even with a reduction (P < 0.05) in feed intake during the final stage, the broilers showed an increase (P < 0.05) in weight gain and improvement (P < 0.05) in feed efficiency in the cumulative performance. Broilers fed diet with a higher inclusion level of PCPM had lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of erythrocytes and blood triglycerides, as well as a decreased haematocrit percentage. However, these broilers exhibited higher (P < 0.05) results for mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. Broilers fed diets with a higher inclusion level of PCPM were heavier (P < 0.05) at slaughter, with higher (P < 0.05) carcass yield, greater (P < 0.05) liver, gizzard, and heart weight, increased breast, drumstick, and thigh yields, and higher moisture and lipid contents in the breast. Conclusions: The high inclusion levels of PCPM in diets for slow-growing broilers positively affect growth performance, meat quality, and yields of valuable cuts, although they increase moisture and decrease protein in breast meat, affecting some blood parameters. Implications: This study showed the potential advantages of using PCPM as an alternative food in diets for slow-growing broilers to improve the productivity and health of a sustainable livestock. The challenge of feeding our planet sustainably is more pressing than ever, pushing us to find smarter ways to use available resources. This study looked at using Paullinia cupana peel meal (PCPM) as a new ingredient in the feed of slow-growing broilers. The research found that adding PCPM improved the growth and health of slow-growing broilers, suggesting that it could be a game-changer in sustainable livestock farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheese whey is an industrial by-product that is generated in excess during the cheese production process in the dairy industry. Despite the potential utility of whey, it continues to pose environmental threats in the industry. This study comprehensively evaluates the utilization of two fermentation techniques (solid-state fermentation and submerged fermentation) for producing fungal biomass from cheese whey powder, employing Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus oryzae, and Neurospora intermedia for sustainable food production. It has been observed that submerged fermentation is more effective in increasing the protein content of whey powder compared to solid-state fermentation. The highest biomass yield was achieved with A. oryzae (5.29 g/L, 0.176 g biomass/g substrate), followed by N. intermedia (3.63 g/L, 0.121 g biomass/g substrate), and R. oryzae (1.9 g/L, 0.063 g biomass/g substrate). In the bubble column reactor, the protein content of the substrate (78.65 g/kg) increased by 165.54 and 176.69% with A. oryzae (208.85 g/kg) and N. intermedia (217.62 g/kg), respectively. This study has demonstrated that whey powder can be converted into protein-rich biomass through fungal bioconversion. The obtained biomass has the potential to be developed as an alternative food and feed source, contributing to waste management and sustainable food production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytoseius plumifer (Canestrini and Fanzago) and Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot) (Phytoseiidae) are generalist predatory mites important in controlling phytophagous mites on some agricultural crops. The biology of both species as potential biological control agents of the grape erineum mite, Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) (Eriophyidae) on grape leaf disks was studied in the laboratory at 33 ± 1 °C, 60%RH, 12:12 h L:D. The developmental time, survival, and reproductive parameters of P. plumifer and E. scutalis on C. vitis, date palm pollen as well as C. vitis plus date palm pollen were investigated. Both predators, P. plumifer and E. scutalis, thrived on the mixed diet of C. vitis and date palm pollen resulting in a shorter developmental time (6.16 and 6.69 days, respectively), higher oviposition rate (2.11 and 1.96 eggs/female/day, respectively), and higher intrinsic rate of increase (0.251 and 0.229 per female/day, respectively) than on any other diet. Date palm pollen was an adequate alternative food source for P. plumifer and E. scutalis. The results suggest that both predators have good potential to suppress C. vitis populations and that date palm pollen can support the population establishment of both predators in the absence or scarcity of the main prey in the environment. We discuss the relevance of our results for the biocontrol of C. vitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tucumã bran (TB) in diets for slow-growing broilers at initial stage on productive performance, carcass and cuts yields, and proximate composition of the breast. Slow-growing Label Rouge broilers were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments, four replications and 12 broilers per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a control diet (without the inclusion of TB in the diets) and three levels of its inclusion (5, 10 and 15%) in the diets. Broilers received the experimental diets from 1 to 28 days of age followed by a basal diet from 29 to 56 days of age. The results of the present study indicated that the inclusion of 15% TB did not affect (p>0.05) feed intake, however, it influenced (p≤0.05) the results of weight gain and feed conversion both in the initial and final stages of management, indicating a possible influence on the use of nutrients containing in the diet. Despite the linear reduction in slaughter weight and in the percentage of available nutrients in the carcass, the increasing inclusion of TB in the diets provided greater carcass yield (p≤0.05) and viscera greater commercial interest (liver, gizzard and heart) (p≤0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cookies in circulation have a high amount of vegetable or animal fat (20-30% based on flour weight) and fiber content low Because material main cookies Which There is in market that is flour flour, necessary innovation for develop product cookies that are low in calories and have high fiber content, Wrong the only one with use material main oats (Avena sativa L.). The aim of this research is to analyze whether OAT (Avena sativa L.) and Raja banana (Musa Paradisiaca L.) can be formulated as cookies that have low calorie content and sensory evaluation of cookies using color, taste, aroma and texture parameters. This research is true experimental research carried out in the laboratory. Cookies made with the composition of oats and plantain are F1 (120gr: 80gr), F2 (150gr: 50gr), F3 (180gr: 20gr). Based on the research results obtained, it is stated that the ash content, water content, carbohydrate content, protein content, fat content and total energy (calories) are respectively as follows: In the control (0.74%; 3.38%; 92.2%; 2.62%; 4.8% and 422kcal), F1 (3.50%; 4.70%; 78.97%; 5.25%; 12.20% and 446 kcal), F2 (3.42%; 4.24%; 70.99; 8.75%; 18.00; .96% and 481%). The results of the sensory test stated the p value: 0.000, which means there is a difference. Oats (Avena sativa L.) and plantains (Musa Paradisiaca L.) can be formulated into low-calorie cookies. Based on the sensory evaluation, it was stated that there were differences in the panelists' preferences for the color, taste, aroma and texture of oat and plantain cookies. In order to carry out further analysis for the application of cookies to mice as a low-calorie diet food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of three distinct drying methods, namely hot air drying (HAD), microwave oven drying (MD), and vacuum freeze drying (VFD), applied to bee larvae. Through rigorous experimentation and analysis, we evaluated various parameters, including moisture content, color, fat, protein, fatty acid composition, aroma components, and protein secondary structure. Our findings reveal distinctive characteristics of bee larvae aroma, notably including E-2-curenal, palmitic acid and 10-undecenal, with palmitic, linolenic, and oleic acids being the dominant fatty acids. Among the drying methods, MD at 10 W/g demonstrated significantly higher levels of volatile components. Noteworthy, VFD-assisted drying closely resembled the composition of fresh bee larvae, with fat and protein contents of 26% and 57%, respectively. Analysis of protein secondary structure unveiled that MD at 10 W/g exhibited the highest β-folding content, 80%, followed closely by VFD at 45 °C, 73%. Remarkably, VFD at 45 °C exhibited as the superior method, yielding dried bee larvae of unparalleled quality among the three techniques investigated. This study provides valuable insights into the impact of different drying methods on the composition and quality of bee larvae, offering significant implications for the processing, preservation and utilization of this valuable resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the physicochemical composition and sensory properties of Boursin cheese made from the milk of goats fed diets with increasing levels of cassava chips replacing corn. Eight lactating Alpine goats were distributed into two 4 × 4 Latin squares, where they were subjected to diets in which 0, 33, 66, and 100% of corn was replaced with cassava chips. The cheeses were prepared with individual milk of each goat for physicochemical, yield, and texture analyses. Sensory analysis consisted of flavor and texture appraisal by 50 untrained tasters, using the difference-from-control test and the acceptance test. The cheeses from the four treatments did not differ in their fat, protein, and total solid contents; acidity; moisture; ash; pH; yield; or the texture parameters of gumminess, cohesiveness, hardness, and chewiness. They also showed no difference in the sensory acceptance of flavor and texture, indicating that the panelists did not perceive the replacement of corn with cassava chips.

West Aceh Regency is one of the regions in Indonesia with quite extensive peatlands, but the diversity of food crop commodities is still very low. To enhance food diversification programs of rice, sorghum production is important. The purpose of this research was to test several varieties of sorghum in the peatlands of West Aceh Regency. This research was carried out from July to November 2023. Several new varieties of sorghum released by the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI) were evaluated in the peatland of West Aceh. The research method used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor was different varieties of sorghum, and the second factor was various doses of fertilizers. The varieties used were Soper 7 Agritan, Bioguma 1, and Suri 3. The doses used Control (no treatment), Dose I (75 kg Urea ha-1 + 50 kg SP-36 ha-1 + 50 kg KCl ha-1), Dose II (150 kg Urea ha-1 + 100 kg SP-36 ha-1 + 100 kg KCl ha-1), and Dose III (225 kg Urea ha-1 + 150 kg SP-36 ha-1 + 150 kg KCl ha-1). The results showed that the Bioguma 1 variety adapted better than the other varieties, where the plant height was 187.97 cm, the number of leaves was 15.08, the panicle diameter was 35.92 mm, and the panicle weight was 79.52 g. Meanwhile, fertilizer dose II is better on the character of the number of leaves and panicle length. The interaction effect between the two factors only showed a significant influence on panicle length. Therefore, the Bioguma 1 sorghum variety can be a recommended variety for planting in the shallow peatlands of West Aceh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheese whey is an industrial by-product that is generated in excess during the cheese production process in the dairy industry. Despite the potential utility of whey, it continues to pose environmental threats in the industry. This study comprehensively evaluates the utilization of two fermentation techniques (solid-state fermentation and submerged fermentation) for producing fungal biomass from cheese whey powder, employing Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus oryzae, and Neurospora intermedia for sustainable food production. It has been observed that submerged fermentation is more effective in increasing the protein content of whey powder compared to solid-state fermentation. The highest biomass yield was achieved with A. oryzae (5.29 g/L, 0.176 g biomass/g substrate), followed by N. intermedia (3.63 g/L, 0.121 g biomass/g substrate), and R. oryzae (1.9 g/L, 0.063 g biomass/g substrate). In the bubble column reactor, the protein content of the substrate (78.65 g/kg) increased by 165.54 and 176.69% with A. oryzae (208.85 g/kg) and N. intermedia (217.62 g/kg), respectively. This study has demonstrated that whey powder can be converted into protein-rich biomass through fungal bioconversion. The obtained biomass has the potential to be developed as an alternative food and feed source, contributing to waste management and sustainable food production.

Proteinler, aminoasitler tarafından oluşturulan azot içerikli bir besin maddesidir. Vücudumuzda birçok fonksiyona hizmet eden proteinler, sağlıklı bir yaşam için gereklidir. Gün geçtikçe artan dünya nüfusu nedeniyle gıda endüstrisinde bitkisel protein kaynaklarına yönelim hız kazanmıştır. Tüketicilerin hayvansal proteinlere ulaşmasında, artan maliyetler ve sınırlı tedarikler nedenleriyle büyük sıkıntılar çıkabilmektedir. Ayrıca bilinçsiz hayvansal ürün tüketiminin birçok sağlık sorununa neden olduğu bilinmektedir. Çölyak hastalığı veya gluten duyarlılığı gibi sağlık sorunları, bireylerin sağlıklı beslenme yönündeki eğilimleri ve vegan, vejetaryen gibi beslenme tarzları ile bitkisel kaynaklar değer kazanmaktadır. Son zamanlarda bitkisel proteinler, insan beslenmesinde hayvansal kaynağın yanı sıra ürün formülasyonu için fonksiyonel bileşenlerin yerini alan ekonomik ve çok yönlü bir alternatif olarak daha fazla kullanılmaktadır. Bu derleme, bitkisel protein kaynaklarından yağlı tohumlar, tahıllar ve diğer bitkiler hakkında genel bir bilgi vererek bahsedilen bitkisel protein kaynakları ile ilgili gıda alanında yapılan çalışmaları içermektedir.

ABSTRACT Two investigations were developed. The first experiment was to determine the metabolizability of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal. 120 slow-growing, 21-day-old chickens were used. The experimental period was seven days, four for adaptation to diets and three for collection of excreta. The Moringa leaf presented values for apparent metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, crude energy and neutral detergent fiber, as well as apparent metabolizable energy and corrected metabolizable energy for a nitrogen balance, of 49.77%, 44.48%, 46.26% and 53.02%, and 2,334 kcal/kg, 2,159 kcal/kg respectively. The second experiment was to evaluate the inclusion of Moringa leaf meal in the diets of two hundred and forty slow-growing chickens from one to 80 days of age on performance, carcass characteristics, biometrics of digestive organs and meat color. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments (0.75%; 1.50%; 2.25% and 3.00% inclusion of the Moringa leaf), six repetitions and ten chickens per experimental unit; the inclusion levels of the Moringa leaf did not influence (p> 0.05) feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, final weight at 30, 60 and 80 days, carcass, noble cut yields and meat color. The inclusion of Moringa leaf meal can be used up to the 3% level in slow-growing chicken diets, without affecting the productive performance of these animals.

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This study aimed to assess the impact of incorporating fish waste oil into laying hens' diets on apparent nutrient digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy. A total of 72 Hisex White laying hens (25 weeks old) were employed in a completely randomized design, with treatments consisting of a control diet and an experimental diet (containing 3.5% fish oil), each with six replicates of six birds. The collected data underwent polynomial regression analysis at a 5% significance level. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, mineral matter, crude fiber, and nonnitrogenous extract between the reference diet and the experimental diet containing fish waste oil. However, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the digestibility of ethereal extract (fat). Despite this, values for apparent metabolizable energy and apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance did not exhibit significant differences (p > 0.05) between the reference and experimental diets. In conclusion, the incorporation of 3.5% fish waste oil in laying hens' diets led to satisfactory nutrient digestibility and enhanced fat digestibility. Importantly, this inclusion did not adversely impact energy metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food production in a sustainable way is based on the association between animals and vegetables to minimize costs, environmental impact, and the use of insums in the breeding process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of pumpkin seed flour (Cucurbita pepo L.) in the diet on the performance of early-stage pigs and the reduction of endoparasites in a commercial rearing system. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three treatments and six replicates, and the experimental unit consisted of two animals, totaling 36 animals. The treatments were the basal diet and two levels of inclusion of pumpkin seed: 5 and 10%. The animals were of the Agroceres line, with 42 days of age and an average weight of 12 kg. The animals and rations were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the 35-day experimental period to obtain the performance variables. A bromatological analysis was performed to evaluate the composition of pumpkin seed and for parasitic analysis, feces were collected individually from the animal. There was no significant effect for the Tukey test at the level of 5% probability, of the inclusion of pumpkin seed flour on in the parameters of weight gain and feed conversion. Was observed the reduction of helminth eggs present in feces using egg count and oocysts per gram of feces (OPG), performed at the beginning and end of the experiment. It is indicated the inclusion of 10% of pumpkin flour in the feeding of pigs in the initial phase by reducing contamination by verminosis and does not alter animal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines and proposes a dietary chain model with a prey shelter and alternative food sources. It is anticipated that mid-predators' availability is positively correlated with the number of refuges. The solution's existence and exclusivity are examined. It is established that the solution is bounded. It is explored whether all potential equilibrium points exist and are locally stable. The Lyapunov approach is used to investigate the equilibrium points' worldwide stability. Utilizing a Sotomayor theorem application, local bifurcation is studied. Numerical simulation is used to better comprehend the dynamics of the model and define the control set of parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores a predator–prey system with disease in the predator population, focusing on the impact of alternative food sources. Investigating the eco-epidemiological systems with strong Allee effects in prey populations, the study analyzes local stability, introduces ecological and disease basic reproduction numbers, and observes the community structure. Extensive numerical simulations reveal varied global behaviors, including stable focus, limit cycles, period-doubling, and chaos in response to changes in the infection levels. The research emphasizes the role of alternative food in mitigating chaotic dynamics, noting that increased availability promotes stability, while decreased availability leads to a shift from chaos to a stable focus. Overall, the study underscores the significance of incorporating alternative food sources in conservation efforts for ecosystems with predator populations experiencing strong Allee effects, offering insights into the complex dynamics of eco-epidemiological systems and their implications for biodiversity conservation and disease management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dünya nüfusunun hızla artmasıyla birlikte enerji krizleri, iklim değişiklikleri, küresel ısınma, gıda yetersizliği ve dengesiz beslenme gibi sorunların beraberinde geleceği tahmin edilmektedir. Bu sorunların öngörülmesiyle birlikte, insanoğlu alternatif gıda kaynaklarına ihtiyaç duymaya başlamıştır. Yüksek besin içerikleri, sağlığa olumlu etkileri ve sürdürülebilirlikleri ile ilgi gören algler, fonksiyonel gıda olmaya aday ürünler olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Deniz florasının yaklaşık %95’ini oluşturan algler, acı, tatlı, tuzlu, alkali sularda ve topraklarda yetişebilmektedir. Ekonomik ve kolay üretime sahip olmaları nedeniyle gelecekte besin ihtiyacının karşılanabileceği kaynaklardır. İmmünomodülatör, antibakteriyel, antioksidan gibi fazla sayıda sağlığa faydalı etkileri ile Alzheimer hastalığı, alerjik hastalıklar, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar gibi birçok hastalığı önleyici etkilere de sahiptir. Özellikle proteinler, lipitler, çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri (PUFA), polisakkaritler, pigmentler ve polifenoller bakımından zengin olan algler, mikroalgler ve makroalgler olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasında, mikroalglerden olan Spirulina sp. ve Chlorella sp. hakkında literatür taraması yapılmış, besin içeriklerine, sağlık etkilerine ve gıda endüstrisinde yapılan zenginleştirme çalışmalarına kısaca değinilmiştir.

The porang plant is a tuber-producing plant developed because it can increase farmers' income. Sunlight intensity and the growing environment are essential factors that affect the growth and yield of porang plants. The research aims to get the best shade, planting media formulation, and their interaction for the development and outcome of porang plants. This study applied a randomized group design with the factorial pattern. The first factor is 50%, 70%, and 90% shade. The second factor of planting media formulation is soil or control (100%), soil (50%) + rice husk (16.7%) + coffee husk (16.7%) + manure (16.7%), soil (33.3%) + rice husk (33.3%) + waste (33.3%), soil (66.7%) + coffee husk (16.7%) + rice husk 16.7%). The results showed that 90% shading and planting media formulation of soil (33.3%) + rice husk (33.3%) + manure (33.3%) produced the highest growth (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter) and porang yield (tuber weight).

African countries have been severely affected by food insecurity such that 54% of the population (73 million people) are acutely food insecure, in crisis or worse. Recent work has found technical potential for feeding humanity during global catastrophes using leaves as stop-gap alternative foods. To determine the potential for adopting agricultural residue (especially crop leaves) as food in food-insecure areas, this study provides a new methodology to quantify the calories available from agricultural residue as alternative foods at the community scale. A case study is performed on thirteen communities in Nigeria to compare national level values to those available in rural communities. Two residue utilization cases were considered, including a pessimistic and an optimistic case for human-edible calories gained. Here, we show that between 3.0 and 13.8 million Gcal are available in Nigeria per year from harvesting agricultural residue as alternative food. This is enough to feed between 3.9 and 18.1 million people per year, covering from 10 to 48% of Nigeria’s current estimated total food deficit.

In the event of an abrupt sunlight reduction scenario, there is a time window that occurs between when food stores would likely run out for many countries (~6 months or less) and ~1 year when resilient foods are scaled up. A promising temporary resilient food is leaf protein concentrate (LPC). Although it is possible to extract LPC from tree biomass (e.g., leaves and needles), neither the yields nor the toxicity of the protein concentrates for humans from the most common tree species has been widely investigated. To help fill this knowledge gap, this study uses high-resolution mass spectrometry and an open-source toolchain for non-targeted screening of toxins on five common North American coniferous species: Western Cedar, Douglas Fir, Ponderosa Pine, Western Hemlock, and Lodgepole Pine. The yields for LPC extraction from the conifers ranged from 1% to 7.5%. The toxicity screenings confirm that these trees may contain toxins that can be consumed in small amounts, and additional studies including measuring the quantity of each toxin are needed. The results indicate that LPC is a promising candidate to be used as resilient food, but future work is needed before LPCs from conifers can be used as a wide-scale human food.

Phytoseius plumifer (Canestrini and Fanzago) and Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot) (Phytoseiidae) are generalist predatory mites important in controlling phytophagous mites on some agricultural crops. The biology of both species as potential biological control agents of the grape erineum mite, Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) (Eriophyidae) on grape leaf disks was studied in the laboratory at 33 ± 1 °C, 60%RH, 12:12 h L:D. The developmental time, survival, and reproductive parameters of P. plumifer and E. scutalis on C. vitis, date palm pollen as well as C. vitis plus date palm pollen were investigated. Both predators, P. plumifer and E. scutalis, thrived on the mixed diet of C. vitis and date palm pollen resulting in a shorter developmental time (6.16 and 6.69 days, respectively), higher oviposition rate (2.11 and 1.96 eggs/female/day, respectively), and higher intrinsic rate of increase (0.251 and 0.229 per female/day, respectively) than on any other diet. Date palm pollen was an adequate alternative food source for P. plumifer and E. scutalis. The results suggest that both predators have good potential to suppress C. vitis populations and that date palm pollen can support the population establishment of both predators in the absence or scarcity of the main prey in the environment. We discuss the relevance of our results for the biocontrol of C. vitis.

This study aimed to assess the impact of incorporating fish waste oil into laying hens' diets on apparent nutrient digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy. A total of 72 Hisex White laying hens (25 weeks old) were employed in a completely randomized design, with treatments consisting of a control diet and an experimental diet (containing 3.5% fish oil), each with six replicates of six birds. The collected data underwent polynomial regression analysis at a 5% significance level. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, mineral matter, crude fiber, and non-nitrogenous extract between the reference diet and the experimental diet containing fish waste oil. However, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the digestibility of ethereal extract (fat). Despite this, values for apparent metabolizable energy and apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance did not exhibit significant differences (p > 0.05) between the reference and experimental diets. In conclusion, the incorporation of 3.5% fish waste oil in laying hens' diets led to satisfactory nutrient digestibility and enhanced fat digestibility. Importantly, this inclusion did not adversely impact energy metabolism.

Here we investigate an effect of alternative food on an eco-epidemiological predatorprey model with disease in predator and allee effect in prey species. We consider type-II functional response between the spices of this model. Here we have discussed local stability of the boundary equilibrium point and the interior equilibrium point. The Hopf Bifurcation analysis around the interior equilibrium point are analyzed. We notice that the system indicate chaotic behaviour at high level infection rate. Again it is observed from the numerical experiments that being present of alternative food and Allee effect, the system reveal a stable characteristics therefore Allee effect and alternative food source significantly play an important role to the control of chaotic dynamics of prey-predator system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollen grains can provide important nutrients for reproduction of different predators such as phytoseiid mites. Since mass rearing of phytoseiid predatory mites may be facilitated by feeding on alternative diets, the current study evaluated the utility of plant pollen as diet for mass rearing of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, which is a commercially available biocontrol agent of phytophagous mites and insects. Demographic parameters of A. swirskii fed on pollens of bird-of-paradise (Caesalpinia gilliesii), thorn apple (Datura stramonium), and maize (Zea mays) were determined over 10 continuous generations. In addition, the pollens of common hibiscus (Hibiscus syriacus), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) were assessed, but the predatory mite was unable to reach adulthood when fed on these pollens, and most of them died in nymphal stages. This study also evaluated the preying ability of A. swirskii on the natural prey Tetranychus urticae Koch before and after 10 generations. All experiments were conducted in the laboratory under controlled conditions of 25±1°C, 60±5% RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) h. According to the life table parameters, the pollen grains of bird-of-paradise, followed by maize and thorn apple, were shown to be promising diets for the long-term rearing of A. swirskii. Furthermore, the study found that A. swirskii reared on bird-of-paradise pollen had a high predation capability, with a mean of 677 prey per generation after 10 generations. Overall, it is concluded that while bird-of-paradise pollen was the most suitable alternative diet for the predatory mite, both maize and thorn apple pollen grains were also found to be promising diets for A. swirskii. These diets can be used for mass rearing of this predatory mite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of açaí bran (AB) inclusion in diets for laying hens on performance, quality and sensory characteristics of the eggs. A bromatological analysis of AB (seed and peel, resulting from pulping of açaí fruit) was carried out for formulation of experimental diets, which was evaluated in terms of bird performance, quality and sensory characteristics of the eggs. The study lasted 105 days divided into five periods of 21 days. A total of 180 Hisex White laying hens (65-wks-old) were distributed in a completely randomized design with control treatment (without inclusion) and five inclusion levels (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 %) of AB in the diets with five replicates of six birds. The results of the present study indicated that is possible to include until 10% of AB in diets for laying hens with a positive effect (p<0.05) on performance and egg quality, presenting better eggs sensory characteristics. AB presents a great content of fiber, however, its inclusion above 10% caused a negative effect (p<0.05) on performance, quality and sensory characteristics of eggs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is the major citrus pest worldwide because it can transmit the bacteria associated with citrus greening disease (huanglongbing, HLB). The most common management strategy of this pest is chemical control, but this often results in pest resistance and threatens the sustainability of the citrus culture. There is therefore need for sustainable control strategies such as biological control. Previous experiments showed that the predatory mite Amblyseius herbicolus Chant (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is able to develop and reproduce on D. citri eggs. Here, we studied the population dynamics of this pest on plants with and without A. herbicolus on isolated orange jasmine plants, Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (Rutaceae), an important host plant of the pest. Predatory mites were released 1 week before the release of D. citri and were provided with twines with pollen as oviposition sites and food source, respectively, to maintain populations of A. herbicolus in the absence of the pest. Densities of adults and nymphs of D. citri on plants with predators were about 85% lower than on plants without predators, showing that A. herbicolus is a potential biocontrol agent of D. citri. However, the stage structure of the D. citri populations at the end of the experiment did not differ significantly between control plants and plants with predators. This led us to investigate whether the predator attacked other stages besides eggs. Indeed, predators were able to feed and reproduce on first and second instar nymphs of D. citri, but not on instars 3–5. Concluding, the release of A. herbicolus with alternative food and oviposition sites can reduce infestations of D. citri. We suggest that field experiments should be done in areas where HLB occurs to test whether releases of this predator limit the spread of this devastating disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food production in a sustainable way is based on the association between animals and vegetables to minimize costs, environmental impact, and the use of insums in the breeding process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of pumpkin seed flour (Cucurbita pepo L.) in the diet on the performance of early-stage pigs and the reduction of endoparasites in a commercial rearing system. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three treatments and six replicates, and the experimental unit consisted of two animals, totaling 36 animals. The treatments were the basal diet and two levels of inclusion of pumpkin seed: 5 and 10%. The animals were of the Agroceres line, with 42 days of age and an average weight of 12 kg. The animals and rations were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the 35-day experimental period to obtain the performance variables. A bromatological analysis was performed to evaluate the composition of pumpkin seed and for parasitic analysis, feces were collected individually from the animal. There was no significant effect for the Tukey test at the level of 5% probability, of the inclusion of pumpkin seed flour on in the parameters of weight gain and feed conversion. Was observed the reduction of helminth eggs present in feces using egg count and oocysts per gram of feces (OPG), performed at the beginning and end of the experiment. It is indicated the inclusion of 10% of pumpkin flour in the feeding of pigs in the initial phase by reducing contamination by verminosis and does not alter animal performance.

Copyright of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Científico Centro de Museos de Historia Natural is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the event of an abrupt sunlight reduction scenario, there is a time window that occurs between when food stores would likely run out for many countries (~6 months or less) and ~1 year when resilient foods are scaled up. A promising temporary resilient food is leaf protein concentrate (LPC). Although it is possible to extract LPC from tree biomass (e.g., leaves and needles), neither the yields nor the toxicity of the protein concentrates for humans from the most common tree species has been widely investigated. To help fill this knowledge gap, this study uses high-resolution mass spectrometry and an open-source toolchain for non-targeted screening of toxins on five common North American coniferous species: Western Cedar, Douglas Fir, Ponderosa Pine, Western Hemlock, and Lodgepole Pine. The yields for LPC extraction from the conifers ranged from 1% to 7.5%. The toxicity screenings confirm that these trees may contain toxins that can be consumed in small amounts, and additional studies including measuring the quantity of each toxin are needed. The results indicate that LPC is a promising candidate to be used as resilient food, but future work is needed before LPCs from conifers can be used as a wide-scale human food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African countries have been severely affected by food insecurity such that 54% of the population (73 million people) are acutely food insecure, in crisis or worse. Recent work has found technical potential for feeding humanity during global catastrophes using leaves as stop-gap alternative foods. To determine the potential for adopting agricultural residue (especially crop leaves) as food in food-insecure areas, this study provides a new methodology to quantify the calories available from agricultural residue as alternative foods at the community scale. A case study is performed on thirteen communities in Nigeria to compare national level values to those available in rural communities. Two residue utilization cases were considered, including a pessimistic and an optimistic case for human-edible calories gained. Here, we show that between 3.0 and 13.8 million Gcal are available in Nigeria per year from harvesting agricultural residue as alternative food. This is enough to feed between 3.9 and 18.1 million people per year, covering from 10 to 48% of Nigeria's current estimated total food deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Candida utilis (torula yeast) is the most widely used yeast as an animal feed supplement due to its high content of B vitamin, minerals and amino acids, therefore, in order to use it as food, studies have been carried out to increase its growth rate and production, highlighting the use of magnetic fields. This paper constitutes a review of the main characteristics of this yeast, its use as an alternative food worldwide and in Cuba, as well as the effect of the application of magnetic fields on its growth. The results of the review carried out show that Candida utilis is used in the production of unicellular protein, due to its ability to use a variety of carbon sources, being able to replace traditional protein sources. Although several investigations are reported in which the application of a static magnetic field causes an increase in the growth of fungi and yeasts, few reports were found in relation to the torula yeast, even so, it is found that low-intensity magnetic fields increase the cell biomass of this yeast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to evaluate the replacement of corn by tucumã meal in diets for commercial laying hens on performance, egg quality and economic viability analysis. The experimental period during 84 days, with four cycles of 21 days each. 180 Hisex White laying hens (25 weeks-of-age) were used. The experimental method completely randomized with the treatments constituted by six levels of corn replacement by tucumã meal (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) and five replicates of six birds each. Were evaluated the performance, egg quality and economical viability. Data collected were subjected to polynomial regression (P = 0.05) after a significant ANOVA result. Feed intake raised (P < 0.05) from 60% replacement of corn by tucumã meal in the diets. After this level, the feed intake and egg production drastically reduced. These results directly reflect on feed conversion kg.kg-1 and kg.dz-1. All results of egg mass from birds fed tucumã meal were lower than control diet. Egg weight and %shell reduce from 40% replacement corn by tucumã meal. Up to this level, there was an increased in %yolk and %albumen, albumen height, yolk height and yolk color. In 100% of replacement, there was a considerable reduction on egg quality. The replacement of corn by tucumã meal affected all parameters of economic viability. The results indicate that it's possible replaced 60% of corn by tucumã meal in diets for commercial laying hens, without negative effect on performance and egg quality, and presenting good economic viability. 100% of replacement present worse results. The results of other levels did not differ among themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) is an important biological control agent used to control some phytophagous mites. Developmental times, survival, and fecundity of this predator were assessed when fed on thorn apple (Datura stramonium L.) pollen grains over 40 sequential generations from G1 (reared on pollen in first generation) to G40 (reared on pollen for 40 generations). The predatory mites were obtained from a colony maintained for five generations on the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) (Tetranychus urticae Koch) as prey. The predation capacity of the predatory mite on two-spotted spider mite was assessed in G1TSSM (without rearing on pollen) and G40TSSM (reared on pollen for 40 generations before transfer on T. urticae). The total developmental time of N. californicus varied among different generations, but there was no regular trend in the performance of the predatory mite reared over generations despite differences in population growth parameters. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) ranged from 0.156 day–1 in G2 to 0.229 day–1 in G20. The net predation rate (C0), stable predation rate ( φ), finite predation rate ( ω), and transformation rate (Qp) of N. californicus on nymphal stages of the two-spotted spider mite showed no significant difference in G1TSSM and G40TSSM period. So, the quality of N. californicus reared on thorn apple pollen after 40 generations remained constant; indicating this pollen can be used as a suitable and cost-effective food source for the long-term rearing of N. californicus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, a May-Holling-Tanner ratio-dependent predator-prey model is studied with an alternative food source for the predator, described by a two-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations. We study the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of the mentioned above system. In addition, the boundedness and positivity of these solutions are analyzed and we establish conditions for the local stability of a simplified model, through a differentiable equivalence. Likewise, the Python programming language is used to perform the simulations using the Runge-Kutta numerical method of order four with the aim of showing the different cases of qualitative analysis.

The present study aims to conduct a review on the potential use of insect meal as an alternative protein source in poultry feed, particularly to serve the rearing of free-range chickens. Insects are already part of the diet of birds in their natural habitat, and the availability of low-cost alternative foods with low environmental impact is essential for the development of the activity. The review comprehended studies that used meals consisting of silkworm (Bombyx mori) chrysalis, earthworm (Eisenia foetida), housefly (Musca domestica), black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) and mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) to replace plant-based protein sources. In general, insect meals have a high content of crude protein and ether extract, as well as an essential amino acid profile suitable for poultry feeding. The addition of insect meal in poultry feed normally shows good results as to growth performance and egg production, without causing a negative effect on carcass characteristics, meat sensory quality and egg quality, presenting itself as an alternative protein source with good prospects for replacing plant-based sources in poultry feed.

Copyright of Revista Academica Ciencia Animal is the property of Revista Academica Ciencia Animal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study aims to conduct a review on the potential use of insect meal as an alternative protein source in poultry feed, particularly to serve the rearing of free-range chickens. Insects are already part of the diet of birds in their natural habitat, and the availability of low-cost alternative foods with low environmental impact is essential for the development of the activity. The review comprehended studies that used meals consisting of silkworm (Bombyx mori) chrysalis, earthworm (Eisenia foetida), housefly (Musca domestica), black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) and mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) to replace plant-based protein sources. In general, insect meals have a high content of crude protein and ether extract, as well as an essential amino acid profile suitable for poultry feeding. The addition of insect meal in poultry feed normally shows good results as to growth performance and egg production, without causing a negative effect on carcass characteristics, meat sensory quality and egg quality, presenting itself as an alternative protein source with good prospects for replacing plant-based sources in poultry feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sociologists and political scientists suggest that community is increasingly lacking in contemporary life. At the same time, consumer researchers have long suggested that brands and commodities can act as a source of community and ethics. In recent years a number of communitarian productive networks have emerged in sectors like food, software, fashion, design and social enterprise. Such communities of commons-based peer production have transformed the role of consumer communities by making communitarian relations count also in the material production of goods and services. In this paper we examine the ‘neorural’ communitarian networks located in Southern Italy. We suggest that the creation of community around high quality, ‘authentic’ agricultural produce serves a dual role. On the one hand such communities singularise agricultural products and enable them to acquire market value as goods. At the same time, communities provide space for a new politics of things oriented towards pragmatic social transformation and the creation of ontological security in a world understood to be highly contingent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using alternative food for mass rearing of phytoseiid predatory mites may facilitate their cost-effective production. Demographic parameters of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot fed on saffron (Crocus sativus) pollen was determined over 20 continuous generations. Furthermore, the ability of A. swirskii to consume the natural prey Tetranychus urticae Koch after the first, 10th and 20th generations was evaluated. The longest (7.40 d) and shortest (6.18 d) development time occurred in the first and 10th generations, respectively. Females at the 10th generation laid their eggs earlier (after 2.63 days) and also had higher fecundity (49.46 eggs) compared with other generations. The gross reproductive rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) of A. swirskii remained stable during different generations. Furthermore, the results of this study revealed that the values of r, GRR and λ were not significantly affected by the generation. The net predation rate (C0), and finite predation rate (ω) of this predator in 20th generation was significantly higher than the first and 10th generations, which represents high predation capability of the predator after rearing on pollen for a long time. Finally, it can be concluded that saffron pollen maintained a proper performance of A. swirskii up to 20 generations and this alternative diet can be used for mass rearing of this predatory mite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollen as one of the most important supplementary food benefits the generalist predators in many aspects. However, little is known about the performance of generalist predators with type IV lifestyle when they are reared continuously on prey supplemented with pollen for many generations. In this study, the life history traits of the predatory mites Euseius nicholsi (Ehara et Lee) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) were compared when two prey species, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Eotetranychus kanktus Ehara (Acari: Tetranychidae) were offered with the presence/absence of camellia pollen. The results showed that the mixed diet of prey and pollen significantly improved the fitness of predatory mites. Predatory mites with pollen as supplementary food developed 1 day faster than their counterparts fed only with prey. They survived much longer and produced almost twice as many eggs as their counterparts. Nevertheless, these benefits were only evident in the first few generations and faded away from Generation 5. This study advanced our understanding by indicating that the beneficial effects of supplementary pollen decreased along with generations and clarifying that T. urticae was a more nutritious prey to E. nicholsi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]