6 results on '"allo-immune response"'
Search Results
2. Global and donor-specific T cell exhaustion after kidney transplantation : Phenotypic and functional analyses
- Author
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del Bello, Arnaud, STAR, ABES, Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, and Emmanuel Treiner
- Subjects
T cell exhaustion ,CD226 ,[SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology ,TIGIT ,Allo-immunité ,PD-1 ,Épuisement lymphocytaire ,[SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology ,Rejet ,Rejection ,Allo-immune response ,Immunosuppression - Abstract
Kidney transplantation requires the long-term use of immunosuppressive therapy (IT) even if a modification of rejections phenotype with time was previously noted. However, patient and graft survival remain entailed by over-IT (e.g cancer and infections), or under-IT (e.g acute or chronic rejections) complications. A better comprehension of immune mechanisms involved in changes concerning global or allo-specific responses is a key point to improve the individualization of IT and decrease IT-related complications. Several dysfunctional states could occur during allo-immune response, or on long-term immunosuppressive therapy. T cell exhaustion (TCE) is a dysfunctional state affecting memory T cells during chronic stimulation due to the persistent exposure of a high load of foreign antigen. This state is characterized by a decrease proliferative capacity, reduced production of cytokines, and is associated with co-expression of inhibitory receptors (IRs) expression. Murine models of solid organ transplantation suggested a role for T cell exhaustion. However, until now this dysfunctional state is barely studied after transplantation. We first analyzed the expression of 3 IRs classically associated with T cell exhaustion (2B4 (CD244), Programmed cell Death protein (PD)-1), and CD160), in 3 kidney transplant recipients treated with anti-PD1 (nivolumab) therapy for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Before treatment, we observed a high-level expression of IRs in both CD4 and CD8+ T cells, suggesting T cell exhaustion. After treatment, PD-1 expression, but not of others IRs, decreased, suggesting the persistence of this dysfunctional state, strengthened by the absence of clinical improvement. We next investigated TCE in a cross-sectional study in a highly immunocompromised population, patients with preformed donor-specific antibodies (HLA incompatible, HLAi). All included patients received anti-lymphocyte globulins and anti-20 antibodies (rituximab), followed by a maintenance therapy (tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid, and steroids). We compared IRs expression ( PD-1, Tigit, 2B4) and cytokine production (IFNgamma, TNFalpha, IL2) of these patients to ABO incompatible recipients that received the same induction and maintenance therapy, but was exposed to a T-independent response antigen. We observed an increased co-expression of IRs in the HLAi group comparing with ABOi. Especially, Tigit expression was expressed in higher levels by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in HLAi comparing with ABOi. Moreover, while Tigit was as expected negatively correlated with functional capacities in ABOi patients, we did not observe any correlation between Tigit expression and function in HLAi recipients. These data suggest that TCE during reconstitution of HLAi patients would be more important than in ABOi recipients, which is consistent with the higher rate of infectious and neoplastic complications previously reported in this group. Thereafter, we performed a second cross-sectional study a living-donor kidney transplant recipients, free from infectious, neoplastic, alloimmune complications, and receiving a standard immunosuppressive maintenance therapy (no induction, maintenance with tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid, steroids). We observed a positive correlation between time post transplantation and Tigit expression in memory CD4+ T cells, while the proportion of CD4+Tigit-CD226+ decreased. Functional analysis of these cells revealed a dysfunctional state of Tigit/ CD226 axis with time post transplantation in memory CD4. [...], L'utilisation d'une immunosuppression (IS) au long cours reste indispensable après transplantation, même si le phénotype des rejets se modifie avec le délai de greffe. Cependant, les complications liées à la sur- IS (néoplasies, infections...), ou sous- IS (rejet aigu ou chronique) réduisent toujours la survie des patients ou des greffons. Améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes lymphocytaires impliqués dans les modifications des réponses allo-spécifiques ou non spécifiques après greffe est importante pour individualiser la prescription des immunosuppresseurs et limiter leurs complications. Une altération des fonctions lymphocytaires T peut survenir au cours des mécanismes allo-immuns, ou sous traitement immunosuppresseur au long cours. L'épuisement lymphocytaire T (ELT) caractérise un état de dysfonction affectant les lymphocytes T mémoires, dans des situations de stimulation chronique avec persistance de l'exposition à un antigène. Cet état est caractérisé par une baisse des capacités prolifératives ou fonctionnelles de ces cellules, et la co-expression de récepteurs inhibiteurs (RIs). Bien que des modèles murins aient récemment souligné le rôle de l'ELT dans le rejet de greffe, cet état dysfonctionnel reste peu étudié. Dans une première étude, nous avons analysé l'expression de 3 RIs classiquement associés à l'ELT (2B4 (CD244), Programmed cell Death protein (PD)-1), et CD160, au cours du traitement par anti-PD1 (nivolumab) de 3 transplantés rénaux présentant une leucoencéphalopathie multifocale progressive. L'analyse des RIs dans les CD4+ et CD8+ a montré des taux élevés d'expression de 2B4, PD-1, et CD160 avant traitement, suggérant un ELT. Après traitement, seule l'expression de PD-1 diminuait, alors que les autres RIs n'étaient pas affectés par l'utilisation du traitement, suggérant la persistance de cet dysfonction lymphocytaire. Par la suite, nous avons cherché par une étude transversale à caractériser l'ELT dans une population de patients exposés à de forts niveaux d'IS, les patients greffés avec anticorps spécifiques du donneur préformés (greffes HLA incompatibles, HLAi). Ces patients recevaient tous une induction par sérum anti-lymphocytaire et rituximab, ainsi qu'un traitement de maintenance par tacrolimus, acide mycophenolique, et corticoides. Afin de comparer l'expression des RIs (PD-1, Tigit, 2B4) et les capacités de production cytokinique (IFNgamma, TNFalpha, IL2) de ces patients, nous avons utilisé un groupe de patients greffés en incompatibilité ABO (greffes ABOi) recevant un traitement d'induction et de maintenance similaire, mais exposé à un antigène dont la réponse est T-indépendante. Nous avons pu observer une augmentation de la co-expression des récepteurs inhibiteurs dans le groupe de patients HLAi en comparaison aux patients ABOi. Particulièrement, Tigit présentait un niveau d'expression dans les CD4 et CD8 du groupe HLAi plus élevé comparativement aux ABOi. De plus, alors que Tigit était négativement corrélé aux capacités fonctionnelles des LT du groupe ABOi, toute corrélation était perdue dans le groupe HLAi. Ces données suggèrent que l'ELT au cours de la reconstitution lymphocytaire serait plus important après greffe HLAi, ce qui est cohérent avec le niveau élevé de complications infectieuses et néoplasiques décrites après ce type de greffe. Dans une deuxième étude transversale portant sur des patients transplantés rénaux, libres de toute complication infectieuse, néoplasique, allo-immune, et sous traitement immunosuppresseur standard, nous avons montré une corrélation positive entre le délai de greffe et l'expression de Tigit dans les CD4 mémoires, alors que la proportion de cellules CD4+ TIGIT-CD226+ diminuait.[...]
- Published
- 2021
3. Iron metabolism in transplantation.
- Author
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Schaefer, Benedikt, Effenberger, Maria, and Zoller, Heinz
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IRON metabolism , *TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc. , *REPERFUSION injury , *IRON deficiency , *IRON chelates , *ANEMIA , *ANIMAL models in research - Abstract
Recipient's iron status is an important determinant of clinical outcome in transplantation medicine. This review addresses iron metabolism in solid organ transplantation, where the role of iron as a mediator of ischemia-reperfusion injury, as an immune-modulatory element, and as a determinant of organ and graft function is discussed. Although iron chelators reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury in cell and animal models, these benefits have not yet been implemented into clinical practice. Iron deficiency and iron overload are associated with reduced immune activation, whose molecular mechanisms are reviewed in detail. Furthermore, iron overload and hyperferritinemia are associated with poor prognosis in end-stage organ failure in patients awaiting kidney, or liver transplantation. This negative prognostic impact of iron overload appears to persist after transplantation, which highlights the need for optimizing iron management before and after solid organ transplantation. In contrast, iron deficiency and anemia are also associated with poor prognosis in patients with end-stage heart failure. Intravenous iron supplementation should be managed carefully because parenterally induced iron overload could persist after successful transplantation. In conclusion, current evidence shows that iron overload and iron deficiency are important risk factors before and after solid organ transplantation. Iron status should therefore be actively managed in patients on the waiting list and after transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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4. Editorial: Future challenges and directions in determining allo-immunity in kidney transplantation.
- Author
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Lim WH, Ho J, Kosmoliaptsis V, and Sapir-Pichhadze R
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- Forecasting, Transplantation, Homologous, Kidney Transplantation adverse effects
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Cytomegalovirus hyperimmunoglobulin: mechanisms in allo-immune response in vitro.
- Author
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Hoetzenecker, K., Hacker, S., Hoetzenecker, W., Sadeghi, K., Sachet, M., Pollreisz, A., Mangold, A., Wliszczak, T., Bielek, E., Muehlbacher, F., Klepetko, W., and Ankersmit, H. J.
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IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *IMMUNE response , *HEART transplantation , *CELLULAR immunity , *CYTOKINES , *INTERLEUKINS , *KILLER cells , *LEUCOCYTES - Abstract
Background Cytomegalovirus hyperimmunoglobulin (CMVIg) containing drugs are routinely administered in cardiac transplantation for prophylaxis against CMV disease. Yet little is known about their influence on transplant relevant immune functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CMVIg on cellular immunity in in vitro experiments and to define their role in tolerance inducing mechanisms. Materials and methods/results CMVIg reduces proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reactions and anti-CD3 blastogenesis assays and is related to decreased production of immune modulating cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, interferonr (IFNγ), IL-10. This antiproliferative effect is associated with a cell-cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and induction of apoptosis in CD8+ and natural killer cells. Co-incubation with CMVIg causes down-regulation of cell bound immunoglobulin and FcγRIII surface expression on natural killer cells and leads to attenuation of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity effector functions. Conclusions We conclude that CMVIg induces immunological features on leukocytes in vitro that are known to be related to tolerance induction. Our observations extend the current concept of CMVIg as passive CMV prophylaxis to a therapeutic drug compound capable of reducing allogeneic immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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6. Molecular Mechanisms of Antibody-Mediated Rejection and Accommodation in Organ Transplantation.
- Author
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Kenta I and Takaaki K
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- Complement C4b immunology, Endothelial Cells immunology, Graft Rejection immunology, Humans, Peptide Fragments immunology, Tissue Donors, Graft Rejection etiology, HLA Antigens immunology, Isoantibodies immunology, Organ Transplantation adverse effects
- Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in organ transplantation has been recognized as the main cause of graft rejection. Binding of donor-specific HLA antibody (DSA) and A/B blood type antibody on graft endothelial cells causes complement-dependent tissue damage. C4d, a product of the complement cascade, has long been an indicator of graft tissue damage in graft endothelial cells. By contrast, recent evidences indicated histological findings of ABMR without C4d deposition in many cases and Banff classification criteria included a category of C4d-negative ABMR. Several mechanisms have been proposed for complement-independent tissue injury in the presence of DSA. It is well known that activated monocytes and macrophages infiltrate into graft tissues. The inflammatory environment triggered by the binding of DSA to endothelial cells alone can induce an allo-reaction of CD4 T-cells via graft endothelial cell HLA-class II. Accommodation is a condition that no rejections occur even in the presence of an antibody against donor organs and becomes attracting considerable attention as a therapeutic strategy to acquire long-term survival of the transplanted organs. Several recent publications have suggested some mechanistic insights about graft accommodation, including the upregulation of antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and complement regulatory proteins genes via activation of PI3K/AKT survival signal or inactivation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pro-inflammatory signals after DSA and anti-A/B antibody ligation on endothelial cells., (© 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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